The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, May 9, 1901, Page 6

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, THURSDAY Chre 25w @all. .MAY o, 1001 THURSDAY THE PRESIDENTIAL CIRCLE. THE map of the United States is a big map. JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. Address All Communiestions to W. 5. LEAKE, Manager. MANAGER’S OFFICE. .......Telephone Preas 204 AR O e e~ PUBLICATION OFFICE...Market and Third, S. F. Telephone Press 201. EDITORIAL ROOMS. ....217 to 221 Stevenson St. *Telephone Press 202, Delivered hy Carriers, 15 Cents Per Week. Single Coples, 5 Cents. Terms by Mail, Including Postage: YATLY CALL (ncluding Sunday), one year. .09 DAILY CALL Gncluding Sunday), § months. 3.00 DAILY CALL (including Sunday), 3 months. e 1.50 DAILY CALL—By Single Month.. 850 WEEKLY CALL. One Year... All postmasters are authorized to receive snbscriptions. €emple coples will be forwarded when requested. Mafl subscribers in ordering chanee of address should be rarticular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order 1o imsure a prompt and correct compliance With their request. OAKLAND OFFICE ... vse 2221118 Broadway €. GEORGE KROGNESS. (long Distance Tin.l‘rphvne “Central 2619. NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: C. C. CARLTON.............0s...Herald Square YORK REPRESENT. 30 NEW ATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH...... 5 bune Building NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: Waldorf-Astoria Hotel; A. Brentano, 31 Union Square: Murrey Hill Hotel CHICAGO NEWS STANDS: Eherman House; P. O. News Co.; Great Northern Hotel Fremont House; Auditorfum Hotel. WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE....1408 G St., N. MORTOX E. CRANE. Correspondent. BRANCH OFFICES—:2T Montgomery, corner of Clay, open unti]l $:30 o'clock. 300 Hayes, open until 9:30 o'clock. 633 McAllister, open until 9:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open until #30 o'clock. 1841 Mission, open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, corner Sixteenth, open until 3 o'clock. 109 Valencia, open | urtl § o'clock. 108 Eleventh, open until $ o'clock. NW. cor- ner Twenty-second and Kentucky, open untfl 8 o'clock. AMUSEMENTS. Orpheum—Vaudeville. Columbia—*"Sag Harbor."” ‘The Conquerors.’” Grand Opera-house—"‘Son of Napoleon,'* ““The Lottery of Love.” ‘The Octoroon.” C 'he Idol's Eye. Olympia, corner Mason and Eddy streets—Specialties. es, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and evening. ¥ischer’s—Vaudeville. Recreation Park—Baseball. echanics’ Pavilion—Bench Show. tro Baths—Swimminz. ille Racetrack—Races to-day. AUCTION SALES. By Wm G. Layng—Tuesday, May 14, at 10 o'clock, Ger- man Government Artillery Horses, at 721 Howard street. = 70 SUBSCRIBERS LEAYING TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. Cal! subseribers contemplating a change of residence during the summer months can have their paper forwarded by mail to their new ®ddresses by notifying The Call Business Office. | This paper will alse be on sale at all summer Fesorts and is represented by a local agemt im &Il towss on the coast. THE STATE AND IRRIGATION. YDROGRAPHER NEWELL of the Geologi- H Survey, who has greatly benefited the West by his observations, very naturally regrets the failure of a State appropriation for irrigation work, to be expended in conjunction with the Federal Govefn- Of course it is to be deplored that his excel- c men lent, useful and necessary investigation of our water | waste and runoff of streams must be inter- but it should lead #o an improved condition hings which, by economgging resources now non- productive of revenue and in process of waste, will render both Federal and State appropriations un- necessary 1f a farmer should let his fertile land go untilled and unproductive while he borrowed money to live on he would rank as a very poor farmer and a very unwise Common sense would take him by the shoulder mand him to plow and plant and hén'cst, means of a livelihood. - The States in the arid West and the Federal Government imita They are per- mitting waste of the mcan&\\\'hich would amply pro- vide for hydrographic work, and are borrowing, or supp of man and © and gain thereby ng such a farmer noney needed for that purpose. ng estate is the public domain west of the ninety- an, which has no other fit use except the stock. It has made mulliplicd,iortunes grazing of for the men who have used it and never paid a cent for occupancy, nd now its usefulness is in decadence its complete destruction in sight by over- grazing is As Mr. Newell kncws, the disappearance of the | grasses from these ranges is increasing the aridity of the region wherein they lie. The soil no longer ab- sorbs the rainfall, but is left bare and exposed to high evaporation. The water courses have lost their steady flow and the deep springs their affluence. If these ranges were made productive of revenue by compel- ling their users to pay for their use, and were pro- tected by a leaschold, their grasses could be renewed function in the conservation of moisture re- and stored 1f they were so leased and the revenue derived from the rental were applied to irrigation California would receive from that source, at a maximum estimate, | $828 amo We do not need to assure Professor Newell that the present generation and several of its successors will have passed away before California and the Federal Government combined will take out of their treas- uries annually, for such purpose, even the minimum sum which the range leazes could be made to produce at once if he and all i terested in the West and its great problems would insist that these lands should be leased and their pasture paid for. P — 1 18 annually, and at a minimum half that unt. longer the European armies stay in China the more likely it seems that they will never get away. The country appears to be attractive, and Von Wal- der:ee knew what he was doing when he took a honse along with him as a part of his military bag- gage. The&n(artunate fellow who stole in this city the other day some brass_witl_l which to purchase food purloined a commodity which certainly is plentiful among the light-fingered gentry whose ranks he has joined, v PRSI ¢ It is stated that J. Pierpont Morgan is a good ama- teur singer; and now the country will regret there is no possibility of his making a monopoly of it, to borrow, by forced loan from the taxpayers, | The rapidly | Several of the countries which consider them- selves large and important can be put inside of it and leave enough space vacant for all of ‘our own population. Since the adoption of the constitution twenty-four citizens have filled the Presidential office and have administered government over all Vthat large map. President McKinley, suc essor to them all, is now on the soil of California. To reach us he has traveled over meridians 55 of longitude and has twice crossed 10 degrees of latitude. It is a great country in area | and other elements of greatness which do not depend upon width of Jborders. President McKinley hails from a birthplace far away from us in_miles, but near in interest. He is from the center of what may be called the Presidential circle. With.Columbus, the capital of Ohio, as the center of a circle of 300 miles radius, the interesting fact appears that ~of the twenty-four Presidents twenty-one were born in or elected from States within | that circle. It touches Virginia, the native soil of Washington, - Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, William Henry Harrison, Tyler and Taylor. Within it is Tennessee, from which Jackson, Polk and Johnson were elected, and New York, with Van Buren, Fill- more, Arthur and Cleveland. That magic circle in- cludes Pennsylvania, with Buchanan; Illinois, with Lincoln and Grant; Indiana, with Benjamin Harrison, and Ohio, with her illustrious sons, Hayes, Garfield and McKinley. Of these five were born in Ohio—Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Benjamin Harrison and McKinley. So that that small circle, when compared with the wast area of the country, has been potential in producing Presi- dential timber, and the crop it has furnished is un- equaled in excellence and serviceable qualities. It is all ‘within the territory of the original thirteen colo- nies and was recognized by England in the treaty of peace made ip 1783. Not only have one score and one’ Presidents sprung from within that circle, but their pub- | lic history is interestingly interlinked. Jefferson |took in Louisiana, and Grant, Garfield, Hayes, | Harrison and McKinley fought to save for it | the Union in'the Civil War, as Jacksor had fought to keep it out of Great Britain’s hands in the war of 1812. Jefferson’s pairchase of Louisiana in- I'cluded the boundary line complications which led to | the independence of Texas, and Tyler took that re- 1 public in as an American State, and Taylor fought out | the remaining boundary disputes in the war with | Mexico, and Polk closed the account that was opened | in 1803 by the annexation of California, Nevada, Utah, | Arizona and parts of Colorado, Wyoming and New | Mexico. | In the Civil War Lincoln stood guard over the in- tegrity of the Union, and McKinley has pioneered the ? extracentinental extension of our borders, while | Cleveland wrote into international law the hemispheri- | cal hegemony declared as the doctrine of Monroe. | Yet a short journey of three hundred miles from Columbus, Ohio, will land you in the States where all | these Presidents were born, or whence they were elected. 1t is probable that no similar area on the planet has furnished, outside of a royal dynasty, an equal number of men who have as greatly influenced the world and | the destiny of man. | Outside of a royal dynasty, we have said, because all of these republicdn citizens were the choice of their | fellows in the greatest free society that has existed. | They influenced destiny and compelled fate, not by any. | autocratic authority, nor assertion of divine right, | nor prerogative, but they were endowed with power by free suffrage because their all compelling quali- ties had marked them for the confidence. of their toun- trymen. * They form an illustrious company, and their mem- | ory as well as the glory of the area that gave them to | history might well be perpetuated by building at Co* lumbus, the center of the circle, a monument fo the twenty-one Presidents who rose within a day's ride | i of the shaft that would bear their names. . H SPARRING FOR TIME. ! S LR { O ing forward their leaders and recommending | them to other factions as better fitted to play | Moses in 1904 and lead the party ou: of the wilder- | ness than any other man; but just as rapidly as he is :hrought forward does each leader in turn make his | little bow to the public and scurry to the rear. There is not one of them who is willing to stand up and meet the fight for the next three years. Each and all | prefer to remain unsung and unnoted for a time, evi- | dently believing the victory js going to be to a dark | horse. | Some time ago Bryan himself announced in the ! Commoner that he’is not a candidate for renomina- tion. Then the crowd turned to Tom L. Johnson, who had just carried Cleveland on a municipal plat- form demanding three-cent fares on street car lines. | Mr. Johnson was hoomed: quite 'vigorously for a while, but he rebuked the ardent. .In a public letter he declared an intention to devote himself strictly to his duties as Mayor for the next two years, and as- serted with emphasis he would not be a candidate for the governorship, or a United States Senatorship, or any otheg office that is supposed to be a stepping- stone to the Presidential nomination. B After that declzration from Johnson the Democratic seekers cast their eyes upon David Bennett Hill. That statesman had emerged from the retirement of his country home. and had assisted in organizing a | formidable opposition to Tammany Hall. It was be- lieved he was in the fight for the Presidency as well as for the blood of Croker, and the clans began .o rally, some for him and some against him. For a | time it looked as if there might be something doing in that quarter, but appearances were deceptive. Mr. Hill is as war- as Bryan or Johnson. He has de- clared himself out of politics and announced he is not a candidate. It is to be noted that in neither case do the declara- tions go to the extent of asserting anything more ‘than an unwillingness to be considered a candidate at this time for a nomination which as yet is so far off. Bryan said: “If I ever become a candidate again it will be because it seems necessary for the advance- ment of the principles to which I adhere.” Of course Bryan will be himself the sole judge of whether or no the necessity exists, so that if he appear as a can- didate in 1904 he cannot be charged with stultifying himself. % Johnson’s statement goes no further than to assert an intention to confine himself to muni€ipal busi- ness for the next twoeyears. After that Mr. John. son may be a candidate. Hill's declaration is equally capable of liberal construction two years from now. He says: “I will state further that I am not a candi- NE by one the Democratic factions are bring- pecting it. I regard 1 date for the Democratic Presidential nomination in | his - 1904. I am neither seeking the nomination nor ex- {for the home of ll suggestions of candidates at | his money on a dhis time as premature and inadvisable. No one can now tell. what can or ought to be done in 1904 In the meantime Democratic efforts, in my opinion, should be devoted to strengthening our lines and ?b- taining recruits for our cause, so that the nomination of the party may become somethiyg more than a‘mere empty honor and the nominee rnZy have some chance of success.” Thus one by one the so-called leaders dodge the situation and refuse to accept leadership. Each. is doubtless expecting the nomination when the time comes, but i.one of them kas a platform to offer to his party, por has the courage fo face the issues of the time. The thought of or= is the thought of all: “Suggestions for candidates at this time are prema- ture.” They are all waitin THE BUFFALO EXPOSITION. UFFALO opened her exposition on time, but B + she opened it quietly so as not to attract too close an investigation into the extent to which she had kept her promise to lemve it ready as well as’ open on Mayday. It appears from our Eastern ex- changes the fair, like all other large expositions, was on the opening day in a very incomplete condition. The correspondent of the New York Sun says of its appearance at the opening: “To-day the evidences of incompleteness were offered by scaffoldings sur- rounding domes, minarets and ~spires, by unpaved streets and walks, Vénetian canals without water, gondoliers without gondolas, Cairo streets whose peo- ple were still held in quarantine in the East, a court of fountains which did not . spout, sunken gardens much in need of gardeners, and huge empty buildings, waiting the installation of their exhibits.” . Despite the incompleteness, which was due largely to the excessive rains that marked the month of April all over the East, enough was visible to the spectator on Mayday to render it certain the completed expo- sition will be one of the most attractive ever seen, not excepting the wonderful white city at Chicago, or the marvels of the great Parisian triumph of last year. A notable feature of the Buffalo fair is the liberal and artistic use made of color. The discovery of a method of making staff hold paint has enabled the managers of the present exhibition fo accon}plish bril- liancies of wall decoration that at the time of the Chi- cago fair were déemed impossibilities. Full advantage has been taken of the discovery, and it is said all concessionaires were compelled to conform with the color directors’ ideas, and even the Government was forced to repaint its building after a controversy, in which a dull gray yielded to a Spanish yellow. No artistic effect has been overlooked in the design of bridges, towers, esplanade, canals and approaches. The triumph of the Buffalonians, however, is to be achieved mainly in the electrical display. They have all the powér of Niagara to draw ‘upon, and they are making the most of it. Even in the present incom-* plete state .it is said that in the lighting eéffects the Pan-American surpasses all other expositions that have ever been held. The power being ample, the electrical engineers connected with the exposition were given a free hand to do what they could, and they have been prodigal. It appears, then, we may account this as another American triumph; once more we have broken past records and set a new standard in the way of industrial expositions. NATIONAL HOPEFULNESS. T the recent memorial banquet of the Grant Monument Association in New York the most notable address was that of Senator Chandler | on “National Hopefulness.” The Senator is now *a | statesman out of a job” and it might have been ex- pected his defeat would cause him to take gloomy ! views of the politics of the time; but his natural buoy- ancy and his confidence in the people haye saved him from that evil. He dealt frankly with each of the perplexing problems now before the country and pointed out the methods by which they can be rightly solved. Of the “trust” problem which has been so perplex- ing to many he said: “As to the trusts. The people have them in their own hands. Not a trust can exist without corporations. No individual or partnership of individuals can get together money enough to make a dangerous trust. They must have the use of cor- poration organization. These organizations are solely the creation of law. They are made by the Legisla- tures, and the Legislatures which make the ‘corpora- tions can limit their powers and can destroy the cor- porations if they see fit to do so. The. question as to trusts is merely a-question what the people will finally desire. That they will desire to prevent ali large associations of capital is not probable. That they will be willing to let incorporated trusts destroy ! the principle of competition, which has been the life of trade since the dawn of civilization, and to permit the suppression of individual enferprises by aggrega- tions of wealth controlled by a few men with enor-. mots fortunes, is-not possible. Either competition or governmental coptrol will be insisted upon. -The people have more vote$ than the trusts.” Passing to a consideration of the government of. cities, which is said tc be the weak point in our'sys- tem, he reminded his auditors that when corrupti in municipalities goes far the people combine against it. Even in New York City, where the corrupt forces are more strongly organized and more securely en- trenched than anywhere else, there are now ample cvidences that the intelligence and morality of the people will suffice to overthrow them at the coming election. The so-called dangers of imperialism he declared to be wholly imaginary. We are not at all inclined to ‘the acquisition of territory by conquest; we will not share in nor approve any partition of China; and with the Philippines we will deal as seems best to a f;ee and justice loving people. Let us, he said, be cheerful and hopeful. The great principle by which we should be governed is this: the people can be trusted. In the long run elections will be honest and uncorrupted. This most intelligent and freest of the nations is not retrograding nor degenerating. It is going forward in intelligence, in public virtue and i1 religion. g Of the essential soundness of the views of the Sena- tor there-can be no dispute. They are not too highly | colored by an, unreasoning optimism. On the con- trary they are bright in the clear white light of com mon sense. It is true that after all there is no politi- cal problem before the country that is not in the | hands of the people. Neither the trusts nor the bosses can go one step beyond what the voters are willing to tolerate; and no sane man can b‘eliéve they will. ever be so far tol as to enable either of them to aflict any permanent injury upon the republic. {y:upa . A local mérchantgwho because of his sporting pro- clivities has Ip'em:h\fi!\lgd into Pé!tflt ebts is dange: / / 901. MAY 9, 1 %PAPERS ON CURRENT 'TOPICS. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR - THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL Outline of the Varied Forces Which Con- tribute to Injute or Improve Human Beings in Their Growth, AL A By Dr. Walter PROFESSOR OF THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN, MEDICAL SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY ’ At birth the average male infant weighs 7.5 pounds and is 20.6 inches long. The average man of 2% has a stature of 68.3 inches and a weight of 148 pounds. Thus in the twenty-five years the stature be- comes about three and one-third and the weight about twenty times the - corre- sponding measurements at birth. These figures - indicate the enormous changes which océur during the period of growth and development of the individual. Re- stricting figures to averages, it is found that during the first year the boy gains in height 8.4 inches and in weight 13 pounds, or, expressed in percentage, the galn in height is 41 per cent and in weight i 173 per cent. Not only are these per- centages of annual increase never again even approximated in the nowlnfnperiod of the individual, but the actual increase is never again reached in any one year. Whtle the actual figureg differ some- what in the other sex, the Fesults in gen- eral are the same. During the second year of life the rate of change slackens rapidly and while growth and development still proceed, the processes go on at a very moderate rate compared with that of the first year. Peril of the First Year of Life. These simple facts indicate the im- portance of the first year of life in the de- velopment of the individual. It is the vear of greatest internal activity, or metabolism, as it is technically called. It is the year of great plasticity. It is the year of greatest adjustment of the indi- vidual to his environment. In conse- quence of these facts it is also the year of greatest mortality. The mortality in this year of life, as shown by English statistics, is about 15 per cent—a rate not again reached until the age of 0. In many citles infant mortality reaches a much higher figure. It is also important v note that much of the mortality of in- fancy occurs in the early part of tnis first year. Thus Julius Eross, who studied the statistics of sixteen large European cities, and whose study included over 1,400,000 children, found that 10 per cent ¢t the children born alive died within the frst four weeks of life. The mortality of the first year of life is about double that of typhoid fever, so that it is no exagge- rution to say that to be an infant under 1 vear of age is twice as dangerous as to have typhoid fever, although the danger decreases with each week of life. After the second year growth proceeds in a fairly even way until the age of about 11 or 12 years is reached, when an accele- ration occurs, lasting from three to tive yeurs. Irregularity of Growth. Thbus the growth of the individual as a whole proceeds irregularly. Irregularity | in growth is true also. of the several or- gans of the body. An additional fact of prime importance regarding the different strucsures s their varying srowth with relation to each other and the consequent ! change of relationships which they come to bear. Thus at birth the eye constitutes ahout one-fourth of 1 per cent of the en- tirc weight of the body, while in the adult it is only one-tenth as much. It does not quite double its weight, while the whole body increases twenty fold. The brain increases its birth weight about | three and one-half times and does practi- cally all of this in the first seven years of The muscles, on the other hand, are twenty-eight times life. increased In weight and acquire most of this increase after | the age of 12. | The changes which occur in the first | twenty years of life may be covered by | two terms, which i founded, but which are essentially differ- | ent. | quantitative, and refers especially to size, | and development, tand refers to change of function, to ad- | justment of the varying organs and struc- | tures to each other, and of are frequently con- These terms are growth, which is which is qualitative, the body as a whole to its environment. Inherited and Acquired skill. The broadest and most profound, and at the same time the most useful conception of infancy, or rather of the developmental reriod of life, ever formulated is that of John Fiske. A brief presentation of Fiske's theory may here be given. The life of the codfish is a simple one. Its acts are mostly concerned with the secur- ing of food and the avoldance of dgnger. These acts are few in kind and réquire for their performance only a very slight intelligence. Its experiences, while nu- mero enough possibly, quantitatively, are so much of a kind that practically they require only the monotonous repeti- tion of the same few acts. So few are these acts, and so limited the nervous connections necessary to thelr proper per- formance, that they become established by heredity, and the young codfish enters upon its life capable of performing all of them about as well as its ancestors. It has little to learn from experience. It requires no education, It has no infancy. Consider on the other hand an expert pianist. He acquires the skill to read his mugie slowly; he acquires the skill to per- form it stumblingly; but finally he will perform the most difficult musie at sight, and do it easily. Slowly has he developed the nervous connections necessarv to these acts. They were not developed at birth. Analogous has been the develop- ment of the great artist, the great poet, Ithe great warrior, the great mathemati- clan, Rapid and Slow Development. To a less degree, byt in the same man- ner and by similar shechanism, has the mediocre man developed his power (o do what he does. Even the lowest man in the race develops after his birth his most important voluntary motor functions. The ower to do, whether, by muscle or by rain, is in man almost/exclusively a post- natal acquirement, and the lowest animals a great diversity of post-natal acquirement exists. The writer is indebted for some interesting {facts regarding the jungle fowl, to his old clzssmate, Willlam Doherty, a naturalist, who has spent many years in the Orlent. According to Mr. Doherty, the jungle fowl is one of the lowest of the galiinace- ous birds. It deposits its eggs in heaps slng vegetable matter, and re- lies upon the heat engendered by the de- composition for their hatching. These eggs Mr. Doherty was very fond of and frequentiy collected them for food. He says, however, that he has frequently been digappointed in his supper by having an .egg suddenly break open and its in- habitant escape. How escape? Can the ckick just from the egg escape a man? The ordinary chick cannot, but the young Jungle fowl doea’ mot eves deign ta run t actually flies away, so hll’nelg muscular “co-ordination develoj bafore its birth. Surely here there is no infancy. The young puppy is quite helpless at Dbirth. t his infancy is short. and_he soon “crystallizes into an adult . Yet shert as is the infancy of this species, “5 fanciers have taKen advantage of it, and by careful training and selection h: developed m!"fi: intere: varieties of t al. ese m¢ ung reccgnize ie period of infancy is that of plas- tieity. for they “r{' "It 1s hard to teach ‘12 go. new tricks.” e acts of the adult animals of this are so sim- ple that a short infancy is all that is neceseary to gain the experiences and ad- just the nervous connections required for the performances of the adult acts. But is sthis the cause of their short infancy, or & the short infancy the cause of the limitations? Both these proposi: tions sre in = certain sense true. TImportance of Slow Development, But we must ew some mals. Wallace in fant a —_———————— (COPYRIGHT, 1901.) XII.—DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD. Between. the highest S. Christopher, /OF ILLINOIS. not have differed much in age. The Mias (orangoutang), like a very young baby, lying on its back quite helpless, roliing lazily from side to side, stretching out all four hands into the air wishing to D something, but hardly able to guide its fingers to any definite object; and when diseatisfied, opening wide its aimost tooth- less mouth, and expressing its wants by a mest infantine scream. The little mon- key, on the other hand, in constant mo- tlon; running and jumping about wher- ever {t pleased, examining everythle% around it, seizing hold of the small objects, with the greatest precision, bal- ancing itself on the edse of the box or runping up a post and helping itself to anything eatable that came in its way. There could hardly be a greater contrast, and the baby Mias looked more babylike by the comparison.” Of the various animals reviewed, it is to be noted the higher the intelligence of the adult animal a he more complex its life activities longer is its infancy or period of development. Each increase in brain size is accompanied by increase in intelligence, n.n{l generally speaking this increase in intelligence Is accompanied by greater complexity of the life of the indi- vidual; that is, there is a greater variety of experiences and a more numerous de- velopment of faculties, and hence a great- er number of nerve connections to be es- tablished to direct and control these fac- ulties and their resulting activities. Fin- ally there comes a time when the nec- essary nerve connections cannot all be es- tablished before birth, but must be partiy established by education after birth. Thus is infancy established, for any animal re- quiring postnatal development whicih should happen not to have a period of infancy would cease to exist. Even in the human family it is far from uncom- | mon to meet instances where both pre- patal and postnatal development are from some cause or other hindered, and where in consequence the resulting indi- vidual would certainly cease,to exist were it not for the fostering care which highly organized society gives nim. Valuable Period of Plasticity. Of all animals, with one exception, to be noted presently, man has the most pro- longed infancy, or period of development, both actually in number of years and rel- atively so far as the percentage of the total duration of life, which is given up to development, is concerned. To quote | the expressive language of John Fiske, “Itrls. babyhood that has made man what | s e is. With the exception of the elephant man has a longer perlod of plasticity, or of development, ' than any other antmal. Man's plastic period lasts twenty years, the elephant’s lasts upward of thirty | years. During its growing perfod the ele- | phant has an enormous bulk to acquire | and most of its growth processes must be directed to that end. Influences which would act strongly to differentiate the young elephant from its hereditary ten- | dencies would necessarily tend to inter- fere with its acquirement of bulk and hence make * it less liable to survive, | which would precent the establishment in | the species of any variation so produced. | | The great reason, after all, why it has | not evolved higher lies in the failure of | the elephant’s brain to develop. which is | itself the result of the highly specialized | strueture of the animal. i Rapid growth is antagonistic to perma- | nence of environmental impressions and | is inimical to the life of the individual, at | least in the case of the human infant. { Susceptibility to Environment. i During the period of most rapld growth of the child, that is, during the first year | of life, deep impressions are readily made | upon the organism, which reacts almost violently to stimuli, which later would have little or no influence. Sickness is produced by causes which in older echil- dren or adults would be incapable of pro- ducing any noticeable deviation from | health. Moreover, pathological conditions which would not interfere in the least with the growth or development of the older child interfere markedly with the owth of the infant. But the very co ition of hyperplasticity which permits these effects to occur serves also to wipe them out quickly and apparently com- pletely. The result of this hyperplasticity to the Individual is great danger, as is shown by the high mortality of Infancy. Nor is it of any benefit or harm to the | race excent as it destroys Infant life, for | we look 2lmost in vain in the later his- tory of the indiyidual, for any effects from the environental causes active in infaficy. Later, However, when the plas- tieity is less and the rate of growth and development is slower, effects from en- vironmental influences become more last- ing, provided those influences are suffi- ciently prolonged in their action. Prolongation of the period of develop- ment, assoclated with a certain low de- gree of plasticity, ssibly an essential | | corallary of the prolongation, are factors | which are essential not only to the ad- | vancement of the race, but also to the welfare of the individual. Safety in Average Development. An important deduction from this propo- | sition is this: The individual is safest when his development follows most close- | Iy the average or mean. There are manv‘ instances which illustrate this. Infants whose size and weight are mueh above the average for their age are generaliy | anaemic and are notoriousiy difficult to. nourigh, Children who are born with liv- | ers ill_developed in function are the vic- | tims of many pathological processes, some | of which cause merely suffering, others involve the future life and health of the | individual and ctill others threaten and at } | times actually destroy life. The girl or | boy who at the age of 13 or 14 has a | much ‘greater acceleration of growth than | rormal puts so .much energy into this | rocess that excessive fatigue results, and | f the ordinary vocations are continued the child is often permanently damaged. Growth sometimes occurs so rapidly that the heart cannot Keep up with the in- creased work thrown upon it, becomes overworked and is damaged to the extent that it is neglected. The most striking il- lustrations of this truth are to be found i ayerage is best for the individual, and | '{ule advancement of the race demands | deviation from the average no altruism | et evolved requires ®ne to welcome or oster it. Plasticity of the Organs. Thus, far plasticity of the organism as a whole has alone been referred to, but gleanlclty' of inlividual organs must also taken -into account. At birth there is a great range uf the degree of growth and development of the several organs of the b?({‘y!, ('lll'houl yupm: wgich the ce of life direci pends are necess: veloped qnlgn fi:hly and their ‘-flr’v&'& connections are weil _established. e heart is quite as capable at birth of per- forming its functions as it is at any lat, s . Its subsequent change Is princi- pally one af growth. The and neys are also highly developed ct and Tis adjuncts, The gastroenteric trac on fhe other hand, are not nearly developed. While the praper action of the te as essent stomach and powels is quis tial to the maintenance of life as is the per clency Tn der speciahzed tion of the he lul‘ ::lnvrx‘n:nt hie m::’é‘y‘the Id'!?Iy Bk & em ratory’ ch and | stomac! | to swim the falls of Niagara since , I | cation, must be limited to a single { t. The growth of the brain is very rapid during the first year of life, and much less in subsequent , but the seventh vear it has attained full cent of its total future gro t development. No organ of t gan be cted so'much proper train- ing as the brain. PERSONAL MENTION. P. W. Morse, a rancher of Watsonville, is a guest at the Mark B. Kerr, a mining man of Grass Valley, is at the Palace. He is accom- panied by his wife. . A. B. Spreckels, president of the Board of Park Commissioners, returned to the city yesterday from Paraiso Springs. S. C. Russell, a former diréctor of the ‘Wabash road, arrived in the city yester- day from Toledo, Ohio, accompanied by his daughter and Miss Nfafing They are at the Palace. President Charles M. Hays of the South- ern Pacific Company has rented the resi- dence of the late Captain Goodall at Men- lo Park. He will shortly make the coua~ try place his residence. Ex-Congressman Marion de Vries, for- merly of California but at present United States Appraiser with headquariers at New York, is recovering from a severe illness. A dispateh from New York yes- terday stated that he is now dut of dan- ger. Mr. Henry T. Sloane of the firm of W. & J. Sloane of New York and San Fran- cisco and the two Misses Sioane, with Mr. A. C. Brown, a prominent attorney of New York, arrived by special car yester- day from the Hotel del Monte. ~Mr. Sloane and party are touring the Pacific Coast, visiting all the points of interest. They are guests at the Hotel Richelieu. —————————— [ CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YORK. NEW YORK, May S.—The following Californians are in New York: From San Francisco—J. Frank, J. B. Halstead and E. J. Lawton are at the Herald Square; F. B. Hutting is at the Union Square; Dr. E. P. Halstead and L. Kalmon are at the Herald Square; B. M. Solomon is at the Victoria. From Los Angeles—Mrs. No- lan is at the Astor House. From Pasa- dena—C. Cawston and wife are at the Im- perial. —_—————— CALIFORNIANS IN WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, May 8.—The following Californians are in Washington: At the Ebbitt—Mrs. Dyer, Mrs. R. Minutrn, James W. Minturn, Ward B. Minturn, Cali- fornia. At the Shoreham—E. Ci n, San Francisco. At the Riggs—G. Fri erich, Beatrice and Marguerite Friederich, San Francisco. ANSWERS TO QUERIES NIAGARA FALLS—Subseriber, City. This department has not been able to find any record of any one having attempted R b tain Webb lost his life in the attempt o do so. TYPEWRITER—Subseriber, Arlington, Cal. To publish an answer to the question vou ask about typewriters would be the biggest kind of a free advertisement. This department does not publish advertise- ments. NATIONAL PARKS—S. H., Coulter- ville, Cal. The Yosemite National Park and all other national ks are not open to mining locations, timber cutting nor lhomdestesd entry, as are other public ands. JERUSALEM—E. W., Fuesno, Cal There was published some time ago a statement to the effect that many Jews were returning to Jerusalem, but there Iw?;l no statement that it was an unusual Influx. TO PROTECT AN INVENTION—Anx~ jous Inquirer, City. To protect an inven- tion pending the issuance of a patent on the same, an inventor should obtain a caveat from the Patent Office at Wash- ington. A caveat, under the patent law, is @ notice given to the office of the caveators’ claim as inventor, in order to prevent the grant of a patent to another for the same alleged inven- tion upon an application filed during the life of a caveat without notice to the caveator. Any citizen of the United States who has made a new invention or discovery and de- sires further time to mature the same may, on fee of ten dollars, file in the and the ngu! inventfon, and praying protection of his right until he shall have matured his invention. Such caveat shall be filed in the confidential archives of the office and preserved in secrecy, and shall be operative for the term of oné ear from the filing thereof. The caveat may renewed, on request in writing, by the payment bf a second fee of $10, and it will continue in force for one year from the pay- ment of such second fee. The caveat must comprise a specification. oath, and, when, when the nature of the case admits of it. a 'drawing, and, like the appli- inventio or improvement. After the filing of such notice, the in- ventor should engage a reguuble patent ;fem, who will secure ,the patent for m. e e A CHANCE TO SMILE. Mrs. Crimsonbeak—You had better take your overcoat with you to-night, dear.” Mr, Crimsonbeak—Are you ,oln: to sit up, for me until I come home? “Yes, John, “Then I think I'd better take my storm coat.”"—Yonkers Statesman. ~ He sat in a railway|carriage and his head was thickly covered with a mass of very red hair. Near him sat a man with a nhlnlnq bald pate. He playfully ob- served: ‘I suppose {ou Wweren't about when they dealt out hair?" “Oh, yes, 1 was,” replied the bald-pated gentleman; “only they offered me a lot of red hair, and I told 'em to- throw it into the dustbin.”—Tid-Bits. She—You.know that check for £3 you ve me?’ Well, they refused to cash it. e teller sald that you only had £2 in the bank. ¥ He—] Jaove, I'm awfully sorry, dear” She—Oh, it was all right; I deposited a sovereign-and then they gave me the money.—Tid-Bits. S “In the denunciation scene you must raise your hand to high heaven,” said the e manager. ‘u'fiut if I : protested the leading lady, “the calcium light will net strike my dia- ond rings. in thé cases of unusual precocity which | "an. we petty reople who merely pay ad- fram time to time have Leen noted. The | mission and appiaud at ihe proper imter- of the trials of a stage American. vals have no ide; career.—Baltimo! —e—— Choice candies, Townsend's, Palace Hotel* —_—ee———— Cal. glace fruit 50c per Ib at Townsend’s.* —_—————————— Townsend's California glace fruits, 5)c a und, fire-etched es or Jap bas- Botn g Market, Palace Hotel bullding.* —_————————— Special information supplied daily ‘to business houses and m(z:ll}.cn_nsmm (t Press ‘Bureau S), ni P IRt “Yelephone Main 1042 =+ i e o Decorate for McKinley. 20,000 rolls red, white and bl 3 crepe pa- ‘per. Immense colored ';._-..,,.. or bust ‘McKinley on _stretchers. Bunting, tooning, s , fes- hields d for the million, O o 7i Marhet pra e —————