The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 17, 1901, Page 6

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, WEDNESDAf, APRIL 17, 1901 l Che S0 - @all. WEDNESDAY.... JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. Atéress All Communieations 5 NAG OFFI PUBLICATION OFFICE. ..Market and Third, S. ¥. Telephone Press 201.. EDITORIAL ROOMS. ....217 to 221 Stevemson St. Telephone Press 202. Delivered by Carriers, 16 Cents Per Week. Single Copies, 5 Cents. Terms by Mail, Inciuding Postage: W. 5. LEAKE, Manager. Telephone Press 204 DAILY CALL (including Sunday), one vear. $6.00 DAILY CALL (incl 3.00 DAILY CALL d{ncludix 1.50 DAILY CALL—By Eingle Mont] 8¢ WEEKLY CALL, One Year. 1.00 All postmasters are subscriptions. Sample coples Will be forwarded when requested. Mall subscribers in ord g change of 2ddress should be particular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order %5 tneure a prompt and correct compliapce with their request. OAKLAND OFFICE 5 ++.1118 Broadway C. GEORGE KROGNESS, Manager Yoreign Advertising, Marquetts Building, Chicago. (Long Distance Telephone ‘“‘Central 2619.°) NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: @. ©C. CARLTON. . .Herald Square NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B, SMITH. 20 Tribune Building NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: Waldort-Astoria Hotel; A. Brentano, 3 Union Square: Murrey Hill Hotel. CHICAGO NEWS STANDE: Eherman House; P, 0. News Co.; Great Northern Hotel; Fremont House: Auditorium Hotel. AMUSEMENTS. Alcazar—*'0Oh Susannah.” Grand Opera-house— ‘East Lynne.” Columbia—*“More Than Queen." ja—*"The County Fair.” Orpheum—Vaudeville. Olympia, corner Mason and Eddy streets—Specialties. Chutes, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and evening. Fischer’s—Vaudeville. Mechanice' Pavilion—Art Exhibition. Tanforan Park—Races. AUCTION SALES. H. Umbsen—Thursday, April 18, at 12 o'clock, Busl- v, at 14 Montgomery street. at 11 o'clock, Horses, 10 SUBSCRIBERS LEAVING TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. Call subscribers contemplating a change of residesnce during the summer months can have their paper forw: mdaresses by notifying The Call Business Office. This paper will also be on sale at all summer resorts and ix represented by a local agent in &ll tow m the coast. THE TREASURY AND THE BANKS. T nearly all times the United States has in its /\ treasury a much larger sum of money than there is any need for. It has been the custom to distribute the surplus among the banks do that it prevent a monetary strin- »ple in the channels of trade. t custom has never been satisfactory. It has ix variably given rise to charges of favoritism. When Cleveland was in office Lis administration was chhrged with placing public funds in the hands of Democratic bankers, and all Republican administrations have had to meet similar charges of favoritism shown to Re- publican banks. It is to the credit of cur national officials of both parties that despite all zllegations of favoritism and the investigations that have frequently been made con- cerning them there has never been a scandal devel- oped out of them. No official has ever been found guilty of making a proft out of the immense deposits which the Secretary of the Treasury has the authority to place in such banks as he chooses. That fact, how- ever, does not dispel the objections to the system, and it is therefore gratifving that at the next session of Congress an effort will be made to so amend the law as to admit of a better system of getting money out of the treasury into circulation. Secretary Gage has been among the foremost advo- cates of a better system. According to a recent sum- mary his plan is to deposit the money with the na- tional banks of all the larger cities of the country, the banks to pay 2 per cent interest on the deposits. The plan provides for so dividing the deposits as to give each city a share in proportion to the ratio of its reserves to the total reserves of the system, each bank in these cities to be given deposits on a correspond- ing basis. The Government's lien is to be first on the assete of each depository bank. The Secretary has made a careful computation which shows that had this plan been adopted thirty-six years ago there would not have been 2 single dcllar lost to the Government, but, in fact, it would havz made a profit of $32,000,000. The plan would result in many benefits. It would provide a means of putting money into circulation through the banks of the large cities without showing any favoritism, the distribution would be general, and there would be a considerable revenue to the Govern- ment from the interest on the deposits. There never was a time when some improvement of the sort was riore needed than now, for at present the amount of saoney in the treasury is exceptionaily large. The subject is one that might well engage the attention of business associations during the holidays so that when Congress meets next iali there will be a resolute pub- lic sentiment to support the Secretary of the Treasury in getting the law amended so that his plan may be carried out can get into circulal cy and serve the It is ounced by the Washington Post that all white tents now in use by the United States army are to be cailed in and kbzki tents substituted in place of them. The modera gun has become so far-reaching h its projectiles and n:odern gunners so accurate.in aim it y to give an enemy any kind of a target. Hereafter the name of the color of a “sented field” will be mud. The latest New York novelty is the organization of a great combination of dry goods jobbers for the purpose of preventing the manufacturer from dealing girectly with the reta So- trust meets trust and there is trouble ahead for those who have no trust. Tom L. Johnson, the rewly clected Mayor of Cleve- Iznd, is said to have ouz eve on a seat in the United States Senate and the cther on the Governorship, so it would seem he will have to go it blind so far as the city is concerned. The 14-year-old Chicago boy who killed himself the other day because he had not the financial means with which to continue his studies certainly took a short cut for at Jeast one kind of learning. .‘..AiPRIL 17, 1901 ’ rded by mail to their lew; RUSSIAN REPRESSION. HE folly of Russian policy receives fresh illus- T tration. Recently Tolstoi had occasion to re- monstrate against a conspicuous act of senile { tyranny. A considerable number of Russians had mi- | grated to this continent, leavingetheir wives to follow when provision had been made to receive them. That | having been done the women were sent for, but Rus- sia forbade them leaving the empire. It is difficult to be patient with such an exhibition of the wanton use of power. A Government guilty of it is not entitled to the loyalty of its people nor the respect of the world. In all the real revolutionary movements in | Russia, which have been public and opeh, the leaders and followers have been university students and pro- fessors and the educated and thinking classes. As a rule the moujik has taken his lot as a matter of cotirse and has been content to look worshipfully | uvpon the Czar and, gnaw his black crust. Not so with the educated and enlightened classes. Their loyalty to their race and country revolts at the repression of the manhood of the one and.the moral decay of the other. FEducation makés them aspire. They would utilize the splendid capacity and virility of the Russian character before it has been quenched | and yields no spark of fire under the blows of sodden autocracy. But in Russia loyalty ‘must run to the small personality of the Czar,.not to the transcendent figure of the state. So in the realization of loyalty to country these scholars and thinkers are guilty of trea- son to the Czar. In their last uprising the moujik has moved uneasily in his sleep. A forgotten thrill of man- hood has run along his nerves. As in a vision he has scemed to see himself disenthralled, standing upright with his forehead to ¢he stars, a man among men. So here and there this class has added its brawn to the brains of the scholars, and with sticks and stones has met the awful whips and keen swords of the Cossack troops. True, they are ridden down and tramped to death by the horses of the Don, but their act has made the Czar tremble. He sees the muscle of his empire responding to its mind, and is afraid. The remedy proposed is peculiarly that of a be- sotted tyranny. An intelligent ruler, seeing his dy- nasty threatened by a revolt against a policy of re- pression, would examine and relax that policy. He would bring to his side the intelligence of his empire hy enfranchising the minds of his people. He would save his dynasty from cverthrow and his country from decay at one stroke. But Russian autocracy is not made of such stuff. Its oriental feature is from the old Orient, whence sprang its blood. Its scle answi rtoa cry for reform is to kill him who cries. It believes that a deathless principle can be killed by killing the one who gives it expression. So the Cossacks kill and the prisons burst with victims to -give life to Holy Russia and safety to the Czar. To guard against a future outbreak of intelligence is further proposed to put such restrictions upon university education as shall render it worthless. This purpose is to be effected by giving university degrees to those who 2zpply under proper conditions without examination and without the receiver having takeu the courses required for the degree he receives. The proper conditions of course involve the pledge loyalty to the person of the Czar. It is hoped in this way to limit learning in the empire, keep its people ignorant and make them subservient. After the revolution in Hayti the ex-slaves, negroes ail, set up a local titled class of nobility. The world has laughed about it ever since. The most intelligent among them were cooks who had been in service to | French officers. These supplied the titles and there were created the Duke of Ragout, Count Boeuf Roti, Baron Fricassee, Duke Fricandeau de Veau, Count Marron au Rhum, and so on through the menu. But all that was no mere ridiculous than the future Russian Doctor of Laws, who knows no laws, or the Bachelor of Philosophy, who knows no philosophy, or the Master of Arts, who knows no arts. If it were not such an awful act of governmental atavism it would be as amusing as the opera boufie of Offenbach. + The people of Siberia are said to be suffering from famine, but the Government is using the cars of the Siberian railway to ship men and military stores to Manchuria, so there is no means of sending food te the sufferers. By and by Americans will be asked to contribute to the support of the Siberians, and when the contributions are received the good Czar will give us his imperial thanks. DEMOCRATIC REORGANIZATION. Y way of employing the leisure of the season B several prominent Democrats in the Southern States have “started movements” toward the reorganization of the Democratic party. The most notable among them are Senator McLaurin of South Carolina and Congressman Fleming of Georgia. The first is a Democrat of such liberal tendencies that he found it necessary for his peace of mind to have his name removed from the roll of the Democratic caucus of the United States Senate, while the other has been a Bryanite and is still a stalwart. So the movement comes from both ends of the party and has therefore features of general interest. McLaurin thus far has not given out any definite programme of action. He is employing himself for the present in preaching discontent against Bourbon- ism and all of its dogmas, from free trade to free sil- ver. He is appealing to the growing industrial spirit i the South and asking progressive and enterprising rgn to unite for the purpose of putting an end to the ceaseless Southern agitation against protection and sound money. Fleming has no such far-reaching policy. He has no other object than that of Democratic success, and he advocates reorganization only because success can- 1ot be attained unless the Democratic party can win i back the favor of -these whom it alienated by the Chicago platform. In a recent statement en ths ! subject he said: “The rock upon which Democracy | split in twain in the last two campaigns was the free coinage of silver. That obstacle ought no longer to impede our progress or divide our forces. * * *| Unless present conditions undergo. a radical change the question of the free coinage -of silver at 16 to 1 will not be a practical, living issue in the next cam- i It will be seen Mr. Fleming believes he can reor- ganize and reinvigorate Democracy by the simple act of dismissing the silver question from the domain of | politics. Tf that be all that is accomplished, how- ever, his reorganization will -not amount to much. Bryanism means more evils than free silver. The Chicago platiorm, striking at the courts as well as at the finances of the naticr, is a menace to almost (he | whole fabric of society. Consequently if reorganiza- tion is to be the means of bringing back conserva- tive voters to the Democratic fold it must get rid not only of the silver craze but all that is expressed by the word “Bryanism.” including Bryan himself. That Bryas fully understands the situation is made | levident by his comments in the last number of the i 1 | Commoner upon the recent election of a gold bug Democrat to the office of Mayor of St. Louis. He places at the head of his editorial on the subject the title, “A Disastrous Victory,” says the “reorganizers” will claim it as a triumph, that Missouri Democracy will now have to fight the battle against corporations all over again, and adds: “Mr. Wells was not nomi- rated because the reorganizers were especially inter- ested in a good municipal government; he was nomi- nated because he represents a corporate element which calls itself Democratic, as a matter of habit, but gives its pecuniary and political support to the Republican party. It will never be found supporting a Demo- cratic .ticket unless that ticket is selected and con- trofled by those who have some special privileges which they desire protected by the Government. If the Democracy of St. Leuis had defeated Mr. Wells the Democracy of Missouri would have been spared the fight which must now be made. The contest which resulted in the tle Springs convention was fought over the silver question; the fight which is now opened will be a broader one and will involve the very existence of the party.” It will be seen from that statement that Bryan knows very well that something more than free silver is at issue between the conservative Democrats and those who adopted the Chicago platform. He knows that his own political fortunes are at stake, and he is not going to let the reorganizers steal a march on kim. Senator McLaurin, Congressman Fleming and their supporters in the South might as well take no- tice. They cannot drop free silver until they have dropped the whole Chicago platform and Bryan with it. A The story that Rudyard Kipling has bought a site on which to build a residence in Connecticut has been denied by the Springficld Republican. The man who bought the lot happens to be the man who is residing in the house that Kipling once occupied, and that is the origin of the story. Tt will be seen that yarns from New England are not much more reliable than those from the Philippines. T T————— THE NEGRO PROBLEM @AGAIN. F IVE -HUNDRED negroes living in Atlanta are eager to emigrate to Liberia, according to a re- port of the Atlanta Constitution. Our contem- porary states that a committee of colored people re- cently called upon the Governor and presented to him a communication from their organization giving their names and stating that 500 of them wish to go to Liberia. They asked the Governor for advice and for State aid. In narrating the conference between the Governor and the committee the Constitution says: Eliza Nunnally was the spokesman of the party and she told the Governor all about the situation. There were 500 or more negroes in Atlanta, she asserted, who were anxious to go to Liberia, and these had appointed the committee 1o see the Governor and ascertain what could be done about it. They had no special grievance, she said, but they felt that it would never be possible for the negroes to get along well with the whites, and that they could not ralse their families as well here as if they were separate and to themselves. They admitted that they were making a living and gave no other reason for their desire to go to Liberia. Eliza stated that about all | of the 500 negroes were middle-aged and had families, and that none of them were young negroes. The scheme of the committee is of course an im- practicable one. Neither Georgia nor any other State in the Union has any meney to promote the whole- sale emigration of any class of its population. Nor is the scheme one that is likely to appeal to the pub at large and bring about any considerable contribu- | tion of funds to aid the promoters in carrying it out. It is doomed to failure. The chief interest in the incident lies in the signifi- cant light it throws upon the situation in the South. The members of the Atlanta organization have no | complaints of poverty or of specific acts of .ill treat- ment. They are doing well in a material sense, are steadily employed, are earning money, and, as the committee put it, “are making a living.” Their de. sire to leave the country is due solely to an ambition for something more than meat and drink and rai- ment. They long for a chance to raise their families better, for a place where they can be free from race prejudice, and where they are not subject to daily in- tercourse with a dominant society that looks down upon them. When properly considered it will be seen that th2 scheme of the Atlanta negroes, however impracticable ia itself, is' an encouraging sign. It is an evidence that among the colored people there has been awak- ened an aspiration for & full and genuine freedon. 1t is not now with them a mere question of running for office, but of advancing themselves socially. They have become restless under the existing order of things, and, perceiving no way to better their condi- tion in any part of this country, are seeking to es- cape to another. From the promptings of that restlessness there will ot course come a strnggle that will carry them up- ward and onward. All the great movements of hu- manity have been due to discontent, and the more restless the colored people of the South become the more earnest will be their efforts to ifaprove their conditions. That some of them should have thought to find es- cape by emigration is not unnatural. = Fortunately there are among them many leaders who have wiser plans than that of the Atlanta organization. The teachinks and influence of Booker Washington have borne fruit all over the Soutl. Not long ago a-com- mittee of colored men }'n New Orleans appointed to devise means for advancing the welfare of their race reported a programme of action embodied in the fol- lowing rules: Fight the dives and dens and begin the fight for the negro's moral elevation around the negro’'s own hearth- stone. Help the authorities to sustain and enforce the laws of the city and aid in the detection of crime and the pun- ishment of criminals. Respect the law and the officers of the law, and quit shielding negroes who are guilty of criminal offenses. If an officer attempts to make an arrest, do not resist or in any way interfere with him. Stop looking upon a zn‘lcemnn as a common enemy. Quit loafing around the¥corners. Go to work for a living. Any colored man who will follow those rules will lLave no need of emigrating to Liberia or anywhere else. With all ite faults America is still the best land on earth for any man with thrift, energy and honesty. The colored man is an American citizen; he is here to stay, and should direct his thoughts and his efforts toward improving his condition here ahd not else- where. B e It is well known to »il Americans that our troops took no part in the lcoting of China, and now the British, German, French and Japs-“deny that their troops had any hand in it. Evidently it was the car. The Louisville boy-husband who killed his girl-wife the other day after reading “Bluebeard” probably saved the unfortunate woman from a great deal of unpecessary torture later in life. Bryan has a right te call his weekly whatever he chooses, but the “Commioner” is not a good title for it: He should have called it the “Anti-Reorganizer.” PAPERS .ON CURRENT TOPICS. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL. Varied and Beneficial Results of Club Life and Organization Upon the Women of the United States, —, By May Wright Sewall PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF. WOMEN. (COPYRIGHT, 1%1.) [P IX.—THE CLUB HABIT—ITS ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS ON WOMEN. On March 18 last Sorosis celebrated its thirty-first anniversary. Called the “mother of clubs,” Sorosis has not yet attained an age which makes a woman venerable. At 31, indeed, a woman I8 still only at the hither verge of her later youth. Perhaps less than a third of the century hardly affords data and perspec- tive for an ample discussion of this sub- jects In less than a generation, as gen- erations are counted, many generations of women, as we count generations in the development of individual life, have gone into clubs. At the present time there are within the General Federation of Women's Clubs about 2000 clubs. A large majority of clubs, however, are still outside of the ['\general federation. It is probable, there- fore, that a moderate estimate of this form of organization permits us to say that in the United States there are be- tween 8000 and 12,000 women's clubs, in- cluding a membership of about 300,000 wo- men. Before the Era of Women’s Clubs. How the club has reacted upon its mem- bers and upon general society is an inter- esting inquiry. I shall give my first at- tention to thé favorable effects of club ife. There is hardly a better method than the one pursued bK the venders of patent medicines, who show the contrast of “before and after taking.” Before and after? Thirty years ago the average wo- man of the class from which clubs draw the majority of their members recognized only three proper avenues for the moye- ment of her life. Domestic duty, social pleasure, the church and the charities and philanthropies clustering about the churcl& and entering in it, measured the accepte boundaries of the activties of the aver- age woman. Such women, for the most part, met as equals only the members of their own church or their own social set. Outside of these circles women associated habitually with their inferiors in age or in position, namely, with their children or their servants. The shrewd observers of America prior to the club era unite in their recogni- tion of the limited and the local intelli- gence of the average American woman. Harriet Martineau, Frederika Bremer, Mrs. Trollope and Frances Wright are the four women who, after having en- joyed abundant opportunities for studyj ing American life, publicly and frankly expressed their opinions of it. These four women, only two of them of the same nationality and no two of them of the same temperament and mental habits, were of one accord in deploring the de- gree to which the attention of American Women was monopolized by petty cares | and petty pleasures. Mrs. Trollope found them restricted and vulgarized by the personal nature of all of their interests. Frederika Bremer gently regretted the lit- tle attention given by them to art or to the amenities of general social life. Fran- ces Wright found that the minds of wo- men who had themselves personally con- tended with pioneer conditions had been opened and broadened by this contact with facts and with conditions which consti- tuted an unending series of emergencies and made upon the wits of all women a draft to which even the dullest made some response, Harriet Martineau found Amer- ican society so void of subjects of com- mon interest that women attended relig- jous exercises and indulged in religious excitement as their sole means of enter- | tainment. % Early Anxiety to Avoid Fnctm:. i 's_clubs have The alority ng. iins. excluding from been formed alon: , politics, and, as if consideration religion, p A eation it constituted an important thi by itself, woman suffrage. This exchlu- sion, like most human contrivances, has been accompanied by both advantages and disadvantages. ~In this article only the advantages will be noted. ~ The fact the the exclusion was made a serious con E tion by the clubs earliest organized, inti- mates the timidity with which women en- tered into the club relation. They sought harmonious relations with a larger and more varied circie than they had h|!herllo known., To secure harmony they felt they must banish subjects upon which opinions naturally would differ, because 5 their minds to differ was to clash; to clash was to experience a sense of dis- courtesy, of wrong, of resentment. The mere fact that women instinctively felt it necessary to limit their discussions to sub- | jects upon which they could not widely dicagree that hey might maintain peace is the best possible proof of the degree to which custom had limited their horlzm:ll narrowed their prejudice and reduce their vision. The origin of many clubs | is an interesting story. The chronicles of women's clubs, even the meager records of club secretaries, will be valuable for students of soclology and historians, yet even these chronicles will be less valu- able than they might have been, because the same timidity which feared the intro- duction of questions that might occasion difference of opinion and consequent dis. pute, also voted it discourteous to retain on the records any discussions which dis- tinctly reveal a troubled mood. How Women Found One Another Out. The immediate occasion of the birth of Sorosis was the decision of the New York Press Club to exclude its one or two women members from the banquet with which Charles Dickens was to be wel- comed on the occasion of his first visit to this country. Not every club can quote so interesting an ante-natal incident, but every club will find at the very root of its origin 2 multitude of half-confessed or en- tirely concealed local causes and averx club includes at least cne member witl some sense of humor who is read: to transmit the traditions of divers incidents showing a tendency toward touchiness, which fs only an expression of the petti- ness that was a marked characteristic of the ante-club woman. The club discovered to women that other women not belonging to their church and whose husbands belonged to the o%posln Political party were not less agreeable an: not less trustworthy than themselves. In this initial discovery may be found the first stupendous good effect of the club upon club women. The habit of meeting with women outside 6f their own particu- lar set who could not be interested in the | discussion of the same social incidents | forced them to prepare themselves by study to disouss questions that were other than personal and local and sectarian. As there must be a common basis for all ‘happy social intercouse, and as some com- mon knowledge and some common inter- est must constitute such a basis, the club set wemen to studying the same books ! that they might talk alout them. It is generally supposed that the most innocu. ous of books are of the purely remote his- torical type, Club programmes show that @ large majority of women's clubs began | their careers by laborious papers and con- versations upon subjects drawn from the history of Egypt or Asia Minor or Greece or eise the?’ studied pure belles-lettres. While no ciub exactly duplicates the ex- perience of any other, I think that club women oll over the country would dis- cover relatively the same evolutionary stages in the clubs to which they belong in regard to the subjects that have been considered by them. Timid Beginnings of Club Associa- tions. 1 have {ust looked over a register con- taining club programmes from 187 to date. The very first subject put down for the meeting of this club is, “In Order | to Be a_Gocd Housekeeper Is It Neces- sary to Devote One’s Entire Time to It?” | The next meeting of the same club | shows that its members were cccupied in studying the egg;dmnn of Hebrew women. ©On March 15 of the present year the same cluh was considering John Ruskin. My inference that the majority of clubs at the outset have found refuge in antiquity and have gradually developed themselves into becoming contemporary with them- selves is drawn from the perusai of sev- eral hundreds of club programmes, which | ! woman's journey from her home has al- ! tions in which the woman’s club, by i#s 1 anticipate wgl one day be considered | the treasure of some historieal library. - - These programmes indicate not only the timidity with which women began intel- lectual association with one another, but they are a simple confession that the average woman joining the club felt that she had no resources, no accumuiated in- formation out of which a paper might be written or with which an impersonal con- versation might be garnished and sus- tained. One good resuit of the club is that ft has sent women to the world's literature and has flven them a purpose in setious reading. It has also given them opportunities for expression. It was a rare woman who in the early club days expressed her own ideas; not because it was so rare that a woman had ideas, but in the ordinary relations of life such ideas | as she had upon any but domestic sub- jects were carefully concealed. It was an unwritten law that domestic harmony and social courtesy demanded this. Benefits of a Broader View. One of the greatest advantages of the club is that it has given women a new opportunity to study human nature, the opportunity growing larger and more varied as experience in club life has led Wwomen to be more patural and more spon- taneous in their discussions, The serious reading and study induced by club mem- | bership in no small measure has supple- mented early educationg Club pro; fave become the. but! of the journalist’s ridicule, which has made it an old story that a woman’s club will dis- patch in one afternoon several subjects, any one of which would be considered a matter for an investigation of months by a learned man. It must be borne in mind that no club woman has ever claimed that club membership made her ‘learned and in emphasizing as ome of the clu advantages the freer play and the larger field of contemplation which the club has opened to woman's intelligence we make no claim that the club is the equivalent of the university. The experience of assoclating with oth- ers not their inferiors. not related to them by ties of consanguinity or of the church, and therefore not bound to flatter and to coddle them, has had upon women an effect the extent of which can hardly be magnified. It is probable that the good effects already presented measure about all that the first decade of club life did for the women who shared it. At the be- ginning of the second decade, when, by their innocent pursuits, they had silenced the light mockery with which they were at first greeted, the club began yielding its members another advantage: It gave them some experience into which pleasure enters in a much larger degree than it enters Into the rivalries of ordinary so- - Courtesy and Intellectual Interchange The second decade of club life is marked by the study of garllamemary law. The endeavor to conduct clubs according to parliamentary usage gave women a new sense of order and decorum: taught them that the primary object is not to differ in opinion but to express differences in an inoffensive manner. This study of par- liamentary law often induced an undue attention to “mint, anise and cummin” and a forgetfulness of ‘‘welghtier mat- ters,” but tie observance of parliamen- tary usage has had one good effect in that it has trained women to self-control and to moderation and has compelled them to pay outward respect to opponents. I believe that women thus schooled do, on the average, practice higher courtesy in social life than women not thus trained, since the Indispensable element of fine courtesy is self-restraint. The influence of the club upon its mem- bers has reacted upon the homes and upon social life in general so that to a much larger degree than formerly does social life demand some intellectual interchange, some manifestation of spiritual activity. Having learned to enjoy one another in their clubs, women have increased this pleasure by ecreating opportunities for meeting this larger and more varied cir- cle of women outside of their clubs. To a larze extent the social functions made by women for women only are the fruit of club assoclation. A good effect of ex- clusively feminine social life is that it has rendered it as to manner, dress and sub- jects of conversation less servile to pre- conceived demands of men. It has culti- vated within women a desire to please one another and a capacity for deriving pleasure from social relations into which coquetry does not enter. Club Work of the Present Day. The characteristic new feature of club life in its third decade has been break- ing away from self-imposed limitations that marked the initial efforts of women nd the application of their garnered in- telligence and experience to the solution of serious sociological problems and the amelioration of social conditions, A new interest in popular education, the attempt to relate the home and the school, to increase the sense of responsibility in the former for the latter, the establish- ment of social relations between teach- ers and parents, the intelligent study and public discussion of questions affectin the public health may be enumerat: among the good effects of the club as| conducted at the present time. H Many of the principal clubs in the larger cities from_the beginning have been what are called department clubs; in such clubs the work has heen carried on_ under the direction of committees, and members have been able to be registered in one or another section according to their pref- erences. But while there was from the beginning some opportunity for choice in tlub work in the larger clubs, in small places this sukdivision of the club into sections is_relatively recent. The study of the semi-putlic /or wholly public ques- tions just enumerated has compelled wo- men to investigate the conditions of their { own community in these respects. Many clubs now have their u'-andlnf committees on school visitation and on Inspection of public institutions; many clubs also ap- point special committees to report from time to time, as need arises, the condi- tions of the odious quarters of a city. ‘Women’s Larger View of Life. Through this more practical study the club in its third decade is relating woman fo the common life and quickening wo- man's consclence as to her duty toward that life. This is perhaps the very best effect upon women themselves that the club has wrought. It implies ail of the other preceding good eftects and is a promise of results in whose beneflts the entire commonwealth will share. All of the good effects produced upon its mem- bers by the individual club are induced in a correspondingly larger degree by the General Federation of Women's Clubs. It is only very recently that many women have gone from their homes save | in pursuit of either pleasure or health; a ways meant cither a visit to personal friends or the temporary surrender to dis- | sipation, more or less mild in its char- acter at some pjeasure resort, or the search for health by change of climate or by being domiciled in a_sanatorium. The annual meetings of the State feder- ation, the biennials of the general federa- tion, with their intermediate gatherings of committees, have all contributed their share in giving to woman a larger sense of State and national life and a keener perception of their relation to both. Thus briefly T have suggested the direc- good effects upon its members, has proved its right to a place among our social insti- tutions. I reserve to a later date a discus- sion of what to my mind are the distinctly bad effects upon women of club life. SEEe—— Church—Have you a cosy corner in your house? Gotham—Oh, yes; my wife has arranged two of them. % . “You m{gg enjoy them after a hard The cat has one and day’'s wor! ‘Enjoy nothing! my wife's dog occupies the other!"—Yon- kers Statesman. ANSWERS TO QUERIES. SACRAMENTO VALLEY—R., City. The highest record of temperature in the st twenty-one years in the Sacramento alley is 108, the lowest 19. NUNS—8,, City. There is no order of nuns in California at this time, the mem- bers of which are not permitted to leave the walls of the convent in which they are gwelling. THE FIRST EXPEDITION—G. ., City. The ships In the first expedition that left San Francisco with troops for the Philip- pines were the City of Peking, Australia and City of Sydney. They sailed May 2. 1895, carrying the First California, First on. six companies of the Fourteenth Infantry (regulars) and two detachments of heavy artillery FAMINE IN INDIA—H. A. W., Oak- land. If you desire to be informed as to the amount contributed by each countrv, England included. to the famine fund of India, you should write a letter of in- quiry to the Viceroy and Governor Gen- eral of British Indla, the Rt. Hon. Lo-1 ieon of Kedleston, G. M. S. L., G. M. CALIFORNTA'S REPRESENTATIVES —C. C. H., Ingomar, Cal. F. L. Coombs ot Napa, Samuel D. Woods of Stocktoa. V. H. Metealf of Oakland, Julius Kahn of San Francisco, Eugene F. Loud of San Francisco, James McLachlan of Pa: dena _and James C. Needham of Modesto are the Representatives from California to Congress. GYPSUM-T. R. J.,, Martinez, Cal Gypsum is often found in nests or kidney snaped masses in clay or marl. It is used to make plaster of paris, also for fertiliz ing, being excellent in_some soils, but detrimental in others. It is also used on the young plants of the cucumber ani squash, serving the double purpose of fertilizer and of protection against the ravages of insects. ’ OIL OUT OF PAPER—R. T., City. The following are given as methods for re- moving ofl stain from paper: Apply pipe clay-powdered, mixed with water to the consistency of cream. Leave on for four hours. is, it is said, will not injure the best color. Press powdered Fuller's earth lightly upon_the spot and allow it to soak out the oll. Wash lightly with ether, chlo- roform or benzine, then place between two sheets of blotting paper and apply a hot fron. A BILLION—F. A. C., City. In English notation a billion Is a million of millions, or 1,000,000,000,000. In French notation it is a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000. The California _serfes, advanced arithmetic, gives the following example for reading numbers or numeration: 124,730,218,693,013,978, 210,453, Which reads one nundred and twenty- four sextillions, seven hundred and thirty quintillions, two hundred and eighteen quadrillions, six hundred and ninety-three trillions, thirteen billions, nine hundred and seventy-eight millions, two hundred a;xd ten thousand four hundred and fifty- three. PRINCE OF MASSERANO—S., City. Prince Carlo Ferrero-Fieschi Masserano, mentioned in Mark Twain's “Innocents Abroad,” and whose remains are at rest in the Pere la Chalse Cemetery, was a Spanish diplomat, who died In Paris. Tance, 531. 'Le Grand Dictionaire says of him: “He was a captain of the corps of the Flemish Guard, when in 1806 he was named Embassador to Paris by Carlos IV. Three years later this ap- ointment was confirmed by Ferdinand 1I, but_politicial complications did not permit of the acceptance of his creden- tlals. After the forced abdication of his sovereign, he felt constrained to live in Paris, under police surveillance. In 1 he was appointed nd master of cere- monies to Joseph Napoleon, who became King of Spain. He accepted the position in order to save his fortune and estate. but he continued to reside in Paris with his family and ended his days there.” A CHANCE TO SMILE, Patlence—Is your preacher sensational? Patrice—I should say so! Why, he preached a sermon last Sunday and he took for his subject, “It's Hard to Keep a Good Man Down."” “Well?” “Oh, it was all about Jonah and the whale."—Yonkers Statesman. “Is he so very unpopular?” “Unpopular!” echoed Mr. Knoxwell. “Wrky, I have known him to tell a dozen peopie he has had his photograph taken. nndpnot one out of a dozen sald ‘they really must have a copy.’ When a man can’t give his picture away, what chance is there for him?”—Washington Star. He—Do you think you really wanted a new dress now? She—You don't know anything about it. 1 wish I had known before I married you what a stupld you are. He—You might have guessed It easily, Ghen 1 offered to marry you.—Pick-Me- D “For a blush to follow a youth's print- ing a kiss on his best girl's cheek Is very natural.” “Nothing more so.” “Certainly. After the pri tlnfi it's easy "!? be red in the face.”—Philadelphia ‘tmes. It is not uncommon for the first wife to hear of “my mother's cooking,” nor for the second wife to learn that her preflecessor had all the excellent traits of Solomon’s virtuous woman. The lecturer inquired, dramatically, “Can any one in this room tell me of a perfect man?” ‘There was a dead silence. “Has any pne,” he continued, “heard of a perfect wdman?” Then a_patient looking little woman in a black dress rose up at the back of the room and answered: “There was ome. I've often’ heard of her, but she’s dead now. She was my husband’'s first wife.”—Youth’s Home Companion. Mrs. Crimsonbeak—They say the largest mosquitoes in the world are found in the Arctic region. Mr. Crimsonbeak—Well, that probably aceounts for some of those fellows who have made a dash for the pole never com- ing back.—Yonkers Statesman. ——————e Choice candies, Townsend's, Palace Hotel.* Cal. glace fruit 50c per ib at Townsend's.* ————— Special information supplied dally to business houses and public men by the Press Clipping Bureau (Allen’s), 510 Mont- gomery street. Telephone Main 1042 * J She—You say you don’t like this habit ris have of forever carrying something n_thelr hands? He—No, I don’t; I think that is why so many are not asked to marry. “What bas that to do with it?” “Why, it gives a fellow the impression that her hand . is not free.'—Yonkers Statesman. Remember a fifty cent bottle of Scott’s Emulsion given in proper quantities will lasta baby fifty days;achild six or seven, thirty days; and a child of ten or twelve, twenty days. It's a very economical medi- cine. - If the child is sickly, without appetite, it will nourish and bridge it over until it can take its usual food. For delicate children withow any real disease, it can be used CORONADY TENT CITY, Coronado Beach. Cal., will be the popular summer resort this reason. Jt became famous last year for'com- fort, entertainment and health. Its splendid cafe was a wonder, the fishing unexceiled. with splendid results. ‘We'll send you a Fttleto try, if you I'ke, SCOTT & DOWNE, 49 Pearl siieet, New York