The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 13, 1901, Page 6

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SATURDA Che Zodse Call. SATURDAY......0000eenensnsnsno- APRIL 13, 2901 == JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. Adéress All Communications to W. 8. LEAKE, MAXAGER’S OFFICE........Telephone Prest 204 resssssdsbetdesrtS v eSS C e e VUBLICATION OFFICE...Market and Third, 8. F. Tele) one Press 201. 217 to 221 Stevemson St. Press 202, Delivered by Carriers, 15 Cents Per Weelk. xle Coples, & Cents. Terms by Mail, Including Postager DAILY CALL (including Sunday), one year. .9 TAILY CALL (ncluding Sunday). § months. .00 DAILY CALL Cncluding Sundav), 3 months. 50 DAILY CALL—By Singie Month., hsd FUNDAY CALL. One Year 1.5 WEEKLY CALL One Year. 1.00 All postmasters are anthorized to receive subscririions. Gample coples will be forwarded when requested. Mall subserfbers in orfering chanwe of afAress should be marticular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order 10 insure & prompt and correot compliance with their request. JAKLAND OFFICE GEORGE KROGNESS. Mansger Forelgn Advortising, Marqustts Building, Ohleago. (Long Distance Telephone “Central 2619.”) NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT: C. CARLTON...... erald Square NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: \ "EPHEN B. SMITH. 30 “ribune Bullding NEW YORK NT 'S STANDS: Walorf-Astoris Hotel; A. Brentano, Il Unfon JSquare: Lurrsy Hill Hotel CRICAGO NEWS STANDS: Eherman House: P. O. News Co.; Great Northern Hotel: Fremont House; Auditorium Hotel. WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE...,1408 G St., N. W. MORTON E. CRANE. Correspondent. BRANCH OFFICES—G21 Montgomery, corner of Clay, open untf] 93¢ c'clock. 300 Hayes, open untll 9:30 o'clock. 6% MecAllister, open until 9:80 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open untfl #:10 o'clock. 1841 Miesion, open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, corner Sixteenth. cpen until § o'clock. 1086 Valencla, open until § o'clock. 106 Elevénth, open until 9 o'clock. NW. cor- ner Twenty-serond and Kentuckv. open untfl 8 o'clock. AMUSEMENTS. Orpheum—Vaudeville. Alcazar—*"Tennessee's Pardner.” Grand Opera-house—*‘Cinderella.’” Columbla—'"More Than Queen.” California—""The County Fair,” Sunday night. Central—*‘Ingomar.” Tivoli—"“The ldol's Eye.” Olympia, corner Mason and Eddy streets—Spectalties. Chutes, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and wening. 5 Fischer's—Vaudeville. Mechanics' Pavilion—Art Exhibition. Recreation Park—Baseball. Metropolitan Temple—Lecture Sunday afternoon. Tanforan Park—Races. ..13¥18 Broadway c. AUCTION SALES. By Occidental Horse Exchange—Monday, April 15, Horses, «t 721 Howard street. By G. H. Umbsen—Thursday, April 18, at 12 o'clock, Busl- jese Property, at 14 Montgomery street. = T0 SUBSCRIBERS LEAV#NG TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. paper forwarded by mail to their mew addresses by notifying The Call Business Office. This paper will also be on sale at all summer resorts and is represented by a local agent in all towns on the comst. Vfaith, is mysterious and past finding out. The most merciless and really foolish propo- sitions as to the disposition to be made of Aguinaldo :ome from the press of that section. Northern papers, as a rule, take a dignified view of the fallen general, zxpress respect for him as the leader of a people whose good will is desired by this country, and make no sug- zestion for his degradation or infamous punishment. But it is not so with the press of that section which itood solidly for Bryan in the last two campaigns. One Democratic paper in South Carolina broke ut in words and phrases as follow: “The slant- red gazelle of the archipelago is ours. May he serve twenty years in Leavenworth prison and learn an hon- est trade in company with the forgers and traitors, the misguided officials who have purloined from and the deserters from tle ranks of Uncle Sam. “Once more the American eagle gets up on the iop rung of its ladder and sends its voice in triumphant screechings through the land. ““0, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave? It do, and over a free people, a strong people, a real Gation, a power amoang nations, not because of its number of ships, nct because of its strength of SOUTHERN OPINION. ERILY our Southern brother, of Democratic army or because of its system of handling the ma- | chinery of war, but because of its way of doing busi- neas. > & & “When the Filipinos harkened to the fool words of the pompadoured rebel we sent a Kansan after him, and the Kansan has come back bringing him.” Another in the same section, which worships at the feet of Bryan and has howled ceaselessly against our policy of getting islands in the sea, turns and rends its leader and its fellow followers in this way: “Next 1o the fall of their beloved Aguinaldo the Yankee Fili- rinos will have cause to mourn over the probability that the Danish West India Islands are more likely than ever to fall into Uncle Sam’s bag. The King and Crown Prince of Denmark, who heretofore have been bitterly opposed to ceding the islands, are re- ported as now favorable to the proposition. The rest shovld be easy for everybody but the New England rum trust. The isles of Santa Cruz and St. Thomas are famous for the superior quality and pleasant flavor of their rum, and when they become American, and their products hence domestic, the coarse distillation of Medford will suffer.” A third will not be happy until Aguinaldo is safely shot. In these erratic and crude demonstrations of 1zw and immature judgment lies the weakness of the party in whose organs it is manifested. The people of this country want some d of stability in their Government and its policy,%nd are indisposed to trust either in the keeping of mere im- pulse and emotions which are always wrong. It is said that Kitchener would have succeeded in making terms with Botha had not Chamberlain inter- fered, and should that be so Kitchener ought to re- tutn home and Jet the Birmingham pet take the fieid | in South Africa and show what he can do. From the way in which New Yorkers are discuss- ifig the Carnegie libraries given to that city it appears thst when they send kim a vote of thanks they will add a postscript, “Please endow them.” The Springhieid man who is accused of having forged notes to the amount of $300,000 has the satis- mmer months can have | THE PRESIDENT’S VISIT. is the most extensive ever made by an incum- bent of that office. It is a wise t.hing for the President to do. Wise, not in a merely political sense, but for its economic valve to the material interests of the country. From the beginning of his career in Congress President McKinley has been singular among American statesmen in his close attention to and expert knowledge of those material interests. With very definite ideas of the relation of government 1o the welfare of the people he has adhered with the "most remarkable steadfastness to the principles of leg- islation which he believed would promote general prosperity, and therefore stimulate the enterprise of the people, ;iving themn a chance to further their for- | tunes on the line of the least resistance. To him, there- fcre, this tour means a most intelligent inspection of physical and economic conditions, and an addition to his store of that knowiedge which he acquires and uses solely for the public benefit. It is for this reason that nearly his entire Cabinet accompanies him. Those gentlemen have daily duties of administration which ihtimately affect the whole people and relate to the conditions under which they live and exert their energies for the development of the country. It will be readily seen, therefore, that mere functions should yield to the leisure required for the fulfillment of the greater purpose of the tour. 2 It is difficult to restrain California hospitality and the desire of all our people’to do what they esteem to be complete honor to the head of the nation and the members of his official family. But this laudable de- sire must be tempered by consideration for the phy- sical comfort and weifare of the President and his party. He desires to meet the people, the great, un- official and level-headed people, on at least one occa- sion when he can look them in the face and discourse of the relation of the government to their welfare, and develop the old truth that government is of their making and they should make it wisely if they con- sult their own interests. This opportunity he should kave at all hazards, no matter what mere ceremonial functions have to be cut to permit it. Such a course «ill be in line with his wish and purpose, and it is the truest hospitality to consult the views and comfort of 4 guest in such a matter. Otherwise he should be spared, as much as pos- | sible, the fatigue of making speeches. He is now in his second term in the most exacting ]?osition in the world. No other man charged with the administrative affairs of a people is compelled to address himself to as great a variety, volume and com- plication of issues as the President of the United States. It is President McKinley's fixed habit to work everything down to the minutest details, and the magnitude of his task is almost incomprehensible to those who intheir business or profession have only one simple line of duty. Therefore let us spare him as far as possible the | fatigue of mere ceremonial and give him ample access to the hearty and non-fatiguing, considerate and | kindly contact with the people. | The trip will be very arduous at its best. As he | comes by New Orleans and crosses Western Texas, | New Mexico and Arizona at the time of year when the ardor of summer heat is upon that line of travel, | it must not be. forgotten that much time must be granted for rest and recuperation. THE tpm‘- of the President, to begin next month, kindliest thoughtfulness for the comfort and quiet of the President and his party, and are quite sure that we will not plead in vain. B L — The unseemly squabblz between the Board of Edu- cation and Superintendent of Schools Webster has at lcast one interesting phase for the public. Whatever the antagonists may say of one another the public will give an answering thought of indorsement. S cussion in Pennsylvania over the statement of one of the Judges of that commonwealth that +he time has come for a revision of the prevailing sys- ! tem of trial by jury. It was brought out during the | controversy that a good deal of dissatisfaction exists | with the system, and that a considerable number of | lizigants would prefer to have their cases heard and | Cetermined by a Judge alone rather than by a court i made up of Judge and jury. A similar condltion of | public sentiment was a little later disclosed in Lon- | don, where an investigation showed that a very large | proportion of suits in that city where the parties had the option of a trial with or without a jury were heard by the Judge alone, the litigants preferring not to take the risk of a jury verdizt or a mistrial resulting from | inability on-the part of the jurors to agree. The discussion has now shifted to Boston, but in that city the question is not whether juries shall be abalished altogether, but whether the law shall not be so amended as to give a majority the right to return | a verdict. An advocate of a majority verdict says: “If the Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States constantly fail to agree upon questions of a class per- fectly familiar to them, and minority Judges are con- stantly writing dissenting opinions, it is impossible to suppose that a constant stream of unanimous conclu- sions from juries upon all sorts of questions, upon’ many of which expert witnesses differ widely, repre- sents actual unanimity of opinion.” He argues, there- | fore, that the unanimous verdicts which we get from juries are not really unanimous, but represent either a politic concession on the part of the minority or clse a stamping out of the minority by a majority of the jurors. Thus we have a virtual majority rule by in- direction, and it would be much better to establish such rule by law and thus save time and the not in- frequent disagreements resulting from the present system. The conservative side of the question has, however, strong supporters. One of them in a commupication to. the Boston Globe says: “After an experience of a | quarter of a century at the trial of civil and of crimi- | nal cases I answer no to the question propounded. ! No American institution has better stood the test of time than our present jury system; man has been unable to find a better method of finding facts on i disputed evidence.” Another lawyer of long expe- | rience at the bar says: “By all means let its adhere | to the unanimous verdict. It works substantial justice ! in the average case, and when it errs it is more likely to err upon the right than the wrong side. * * * There is no coercion in the jury-room that a patient | and conscientious minority cannot resist.” | While such differences of opinion exist it is of | course not at all likely any movement will be made to change the system. The only feature of note, | therefore, in the discussion is the evidence it discloses | of'the eagerness of the American people to bring all the old and-time-honored institutions of society to'the | OUR JURY SYSTEM. OME time ago attention was directed to a dis- | | faction of knowing that even his bitterest enemy will | test and determine by full debate whether they are not accuse him of being cheap. really .o excellent as custom ranks them. .On one / 3 We plead, therefore, for the constant exercise of the ' point it is pleasing to note that all parties agree, and that is that juries should be composed of men who are krown to be honorable and should be treated with as much consideration as the Judges and the attorneys in the case. C the silly season is approaching. It is therefore in the natural order of things that all sorts of discussions should break out here and there by way of making talk and giving statesmen an opportunity for keeping themselves before the public. The first of these discussions that has obtained any wide no- toriety is, of all things in the world, a discussion of tariff reform. It is a suggestion that the time has come for reconsidering the question of free trade or protection. The discussion had its origin in a speech made by George E. Roberts, Director of the Mint, before the Bankers’ Club of Chicago. Mr. Roberts is reported to have said that our trade balances are now so large we cannot expect our customers to pay in cash, nor can we bring all our wealth home; we must leave a large portion of it in foreign lands, consequently ‘we must become a foreign trading nation, and therefore must revise olir present tariff to suit the changed con- ditions. 4 As Roberts is a Republican the free trade papers have been. quick to seize upon his speech and quote it as an evidence that protection is no longer regarded as a fundamental principle of Republicanism. Congress- man Babcock of Wisconsin is another Republican who is said to have taken what the free traders call ‘broad views of the situation.” He is reported to have started a movement to reduce duties levied under the present tariff, and it is asserted that the represen- tatives of some of the protected interests are so far with him that they will make no objection to his scheme, . 1t is difficult to believe that in all this there is any- thing more than springtime talk. The country has been so prosperous under the present tariff and has sc shortly recovered from widespread disaster caused by tariff tinkering in the direction of free trade it is hardly likely any considerable number of statesmen wil: seriously attempt to make a change of that kind again. Even Democrais may be expected to fight shy of tariff reform for many a year to come. They would rather make another contest for free silver than for free trade, for what class of workingmen can be expected to make another trial of the experience that followed the enactment of the Wilson bill? The first effect of an attempt to revise the tariff would be to reopen the whole question, and that would mean the subjection of the business interests of the country to another long period of uncertainty, and inevitably lead to a repression of enterprise. No capitalist would care to undertake new industries so long as he was in doubt what duty would be levied upon foreign goods coming into competition with his products. There may be changes of a minoe kind that might be advantageously made in the tariff, for nothing in this world is perfect, but that Babcock will have any strong support for his bill providing for a considerable reduction of duties or a radical altera- tion of the tariff is not at all likely. A NEW TARIFF DEBATE. ONGRESS is not in session, politics is dull and 'S MILLIONRIRES. THE WORLD’S CCORDING to a writer for Chambers’ Journal A fully one-half of the millionaires of the world ~are Americans. In a list of noted rich men who are reputed to be worth $25,000,000, or more, thére are included forty-four Americans, twenty citi- zens of Great Britain, nine Austrians, four Germans, four Frenchmen, three Russians, three South Africans, three Spanish Americans, one Italian, one Spaniard, one Belgian and one Chinaman. The list is not to be relied upon as accurate, for the estimates of the wealth of the men included in it are apparently based upon reports that are hardly better than guesswork. Thus Beit, the diamond king of South Africa, and Li Hung Chang are credited with being the richest men in the world, their fortunes being rated at $500,000,000 each. The third place is assigned to Robinson ol South Africa, who is said to have a fortune equal to the value of $400,000,000, while Rockefeller comes fourth with $250,000,000. In each of the cases specified there is clearly a large exaggeration of the fortune, and consequently the summary as a whole is discredited thereby. It is gnite probable, however, that the estimaté that one- balf the millionaires of the world are citizens of the United States is not far wrong. This country is so much richer than any other, the opportunities for acquiring wealth have been so much more abundant heré than elsewhere, and the stimulus to obtain wealth for the power it gives in all enterprises for the advancement of cities and States and the nation itself.is so much stronger than among any other people that it is nat- ural more Americans should attain possession of vast fortunes than the people of all other lands put to- gether. Consequently the conclusion of the writer referred to is not to be rejected in that respect merely because of his evident exaggerations in particular in- stances. One of the most convincing evidences that the monetary wealth of the world is now in the United States is to be found in the fact that New York has become the financial center of the world. At the pres- ent time it appears likely that the deficit in the British dudget for the year will exceed $300,000,000, and it has been pointed out that had such a condition. existed twenty-five years ago there would have been great uneasiness and alarm in the money markets of the world; whereas to-day, despite the large expend:- tures for military purposes in China, in South Africa and in the Philippines, and vast industrial enterprises under way in all parts of the globe, there is no dis- turbance whatever in the world of finance. No dif- ficulty is found in obtaining capital for the largest kinds of enterprise, and the civilized world moves along as if the British financial situation were a mat- tat of no particular moment. In this connection it is worth noting that the New York Times recently published a review of gifts made for public purposeks in this country, showing that the total value of such gifts for the year 1900 amounted to $47,500,000, and that during the last eight years the aggregate reached the magnificent sum of $314,000,- oco. It thus appears that if the opportunities for ac- ng wealth are greater in this country than else- where, so also are the inducements which incline tha successful to share their good fortune with the whole community. Our millionaires are not only the most numerous but the 'most liberal in the world. Europe _| and Asia combined can make no such showing of gen- erous gifts as that which is presented here. It is therefore evident that the American is not only the most enterprising in acquiring weealth, but is the st generous and public spirited in making use of it. The accused thief who was charged the other day with trying to reb a fellow-prisoner while in the dock probably felt that in the practice of one’s profession there should be a limitation of neither time nor place. , APRIL 13, 1901. PAPERS ON CURRENT TOPICS. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR THE SAN Francisco CALL. How the Federal Government Seeks to Im- prove the Material, Social and Moral By Carroll The Bureau of Labor was®established by act of Congress approved June 27, 1884, and was attached to the Department of the Interior. The head of the office was designated the Commissioner of Labor, the act providing that he ‘‘shall collect information upon the subject of labor, its relation to capital, the hours of labor and the earnings of laboring men and women and the means of promoting their mate- rial, social, intellectual and moral pros- perity.” : : The United States bureau was organ- ized in January, 1885, and the Commis- sioner on February 4 addressed a letter to the Secretary of the Interior declaring the policy of the bureau, stating: It should be remembered that a bureau of labor cannot solve industrial or social prob- lcms, nor can it bring direct returns in a ma terial way to the citizens of the country, but ite work must be classed among educational efforts, and by judicious investigations and the fearless publication thereof it n:,-y ‘{.‘S c-lh::llg and more. fally many of the problems which DOW vex them. After three and a half years of suc- cessful operation an act was passed (ap- proved June 13, 188%) providing for a de- partment of labor, the consequence of which was practically to perpetuate the work of the Bureau of Labor in the De- partment of the Interfor, but the name of the office was changed and it was made: independent of any of the great depart- ments. The head of the department was still designated the Commissioner of La- bor, and by the act he became officially responsible to the President and to the Congress, and not to a secretary in the Cabinet. Work of the Department of Labor. The work of the Commissioner of La- bor, whether at the head of thebureau or of the department, has been contin- uous and consecutive, his reports being numbered without reference to the form of the organization, the first three ema- nating from the Bureau of Labor and the others from the department. In all there have been fifteen annual and nine special reports published, with the following des- ignations: ANNUAL. “Industrial Depressions.” ‘Convict Labor.” 1867—Third, * “Strikes and Lockouts” (Janu- mber 31, 3 PTGk Fotirth, “Working 'Women In Large Citles.” 1889—Fifth, ‘‘Railroad Labor.” 1890—Sixth, “‘Cost of Production; Iron, Steel, Coal,"” "ete. 1891—Seventh, “‘Cost of Production; the Tex- tiles and Glass, = 1892—Eighth, ‘‘Industrial Education. 15%3—Ninth, “Building and Loan Associa- fons.” (g,xfl—'remh. “Strikes and Lockouts™ (Janu- o Eieventh, Work and Wages of Men, Women and Chiidren.” 1847—Twelfth, “Economic Aspects of the Problem.” T irteanth, “Hand and Machine Labor." 1539 Fourteenth, ‘“Water, Gas and Blectric Light Plants Under Private and Municipal Gwnership.”" 1900—Fifteenth, “A Compilation of Wages in Commercial Countries From Official Sources. SPECIAL. “irst, “Marriage and Divorce.” IO Eecond, Yabor Laws of ihe United States”” (second edition, revised 18%6). 1893—Third, ‘‘Analysis and Index of All Re- rorts Issued by Bureaus of Labor Statistics in the United States Prior to November 1, 1592 (Out of print.) 1883—Fourth, ‘‘Compulsory Insurance in Ger- many,”_ete. 183-Fifth, “The Gothenburg: System of Lll%;‘a?:s'll;’l%\ c"The Phosphate Industry of the United States” (with maps and illustrations). 1894—Seventh, ‘‘“The Slums of B'l'll\mfll'!. Chicago, New York and Philadelphia. 1895—FEighth, “The Housing of the Working People’” (with plans and illustrations). i—Ninth, ‘‘The Itallans In Chicdgo. Reports on the Condition of Labor. By the act of Congress approved March 2, 1865, the Commissioner is authorized to publish a bulletin relating to the condi- tion of labor in this and other countries, with condensations of State and foreign labor revorts, facts as to conditions of employment and such other facts as may be deemed of value to the industrial in- terests of the country. By the act of July 1, 1868, the Commissioner is authorized to compile and publish annually, as part of the bulletin of the Department of Labor, an abstract of the main-features of the official statistics of the cities of the United States having over 30,000 population. In accordance with the act of March 2, 18%, the first number of the bulletin was pub- lished in November of that year, and it has been issued every other month since, containing usually from 120 to 150 pages. The main portions of the bulletin are the results of original investigations; the other parts contain condensations of State and foreign labor reports, as provided by law, the labor laws of the different States of fhe United States as they are passed and the decisions of the highest courts in the country Interpreting such labor laws as have come before them. Tt will be seen that the acts creating the bureau, and afterward the depart- ment of labor, are very broad. The Com- missioner can’take up any question which relates to the material, social, intellectual and moral prosperity of the people. It has been considered that the department, in acting under this broad authorization, must confine itself to the collection and publication of information; that it is not the province of the head of the office to make arguments for or against proposed measures for promoting the material, so- l.cial, intellectual and moral prosperity of the ‘people. In the early days of bureaus of labor very many people considered that the head of such offices should take up this, that or the other proposed scheme, remedy or alleged panacea as official busi- ness, but that idea has been lald aside almost entirely, the head of the United States Department of Labor taking the ground that if he took up one side of a Guestion and collected facts or material relating to it. he was in duty bound to take up the other side of the same ques- tion; that officially he could not adopt the ideas of any party or organization as the basis of work, but that he fulfilled the intention of the law when he faithfully collected and published information bear- ing upon any of the great questions which Congress or the public had to consider, leaving Congress and the public to draw their own conclusions and mdke their own deductions from the facts presented. Gathering Statistics of Labor. “As a rule the department confines itself to the statistical method—that is, the col- lection of information on carefully pre- ared schedules of inguiry put into the ands of experts. is ~ is the usual method of collecting information, but there are questions which cannot be dealt work of the department must be A InCult of original inquiry made in some form. Rambling and nebulous observa- tions, which would be likely to result from’ an investigation carrfed on by in- Qquiries not properly scheduled, are and ought to be avoided. The great advan- tages of the statistical method, carried on through the means of properly prepared schedules, ha been demonstrated by many years of practical experience in dif- ferent States and by the dei v it self. With properly Instructed special agents, who can secure exactly the in- formation required, and who are on the 22ak, o mare, e, 028 a:’;n must consult the books the establishments under estigation, the best and most accurate information can be secured, and in a condition for on. : D opartment does not aim to secure aggregates, except in rare cases—that is, it eannot count the tgl:; it cannot col- lect 'h:h facts of ustries, with the aggre- wages paid. All such questions be- | and bureaus of mu-ug' Life of Workingmen. D. Wright. COMMISSIONER OF LABOR. (COPYRIGHT, 1901) IX. THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. long to the Census Office, and the inform- ation resulting from inquiries covering such points is collected every ten years. On the other hand, the department. as ‘B rule, deals with regresentatwe facts. If it desires to know the rates of wages they can be ascertained from a sufficient num- ber of concerns in different industries to establish the facts. If it desires to ascer- tain the cost of sary that the data should be secured from all the establishments in a given industry. Such a method would be altogether too expensive for the department to under-| take, but it can secure the information from a sufficjent number of firms to_es- tablish the facts as to the cost of produc- tion in a particular industry. Its investi- gatiors, therefore, covering indicative in- formation from representative establish- n.ents, are sufficient to satisfy a study of the question involved. Sometimes, of course, the department is able to cover the question so thoroughly as to secure aggregate statements, as, for instance, in its investigations relating to building and loan associations, marriage and divorce, | convict labor, strikes and lockouts. Statistics of Strikes and Lockouts. One or two illustrations will serve to show the methods adopted by the depart- ment. It has made two comprehensive reports glving the statistics relating to strikes and lockouts in this country. The first was in 1887, and covered the data for the six years, beginning January 1, 1881, and ended December 31, 1836, and the tenth annual report covered like data from Jan- uary 1, 1857, to June 30, 1894. The depart- ment is now engaged in collecting similar data for all strikes and lockouts which have occurred since the latter date and up to December 31, 1900, and when this report is published the department will have the cata for all strikes and lockouts occurring in the United States fromi January 1, 1881, to December 31, 1900. In collecting this infarmation, which re- lates to the number of persons involvea in the labor controversies, the losses to capital and to labor, the duration and the results of each ‘controversy, all properly tabulated and presented by States and in- dustries, the department secures the data from each side engaged in each contro- versy through the personal inquiries of an expert. An account is kept of the oc- currence of all strikes and lockouts and then the localities are visited by the pert. He is prepared with schedules of in- quiry. so that the information collected by all the experts shall be on a uniform basis. If the parties ordering the strike and the emplovers =~gainst whom the strike is directed agree as to the facts they are accepted. If tnere Is a disagree- ment it is the business of the expert to ascertain the points of disagreement and by continued inquiry to secure an agree- ment as to the facts. Thus the statements Teported must be accepted as thoroughly trustworthy, no effort being spared to se- cure accuracy. Sometimes the facts are easily obtained, but in great and compli- cated strikes, where a large number of as- tablishments are involved, the difficulty is very greatly increased. Getting Statistics of Divorce. Another illustratign is that connected with the investigation relative to divorces, especially ordered by Congress. An in- vestigation of the kind. in order to have any value sociologically, must cover a sufficlently long period of years to makc the comparisons valuable. So the facts were gathered for twentv years. At the time the investigation was made there were over 2700 courts, State and Federal, in the United States having jurisdiction of divorces. To secure the required data all the facts relative to every petition for a divorce and every decree for a period of twenty years from all the 2100 and more courts had to be examined, yet this work was accomplished and all the facts se- cured, either by the se-vice of experts or by the mall, for all the courts in the coun- try. After the information is brought to the office it is carefully examined, each schec- ule individually, and if errors occur re- course must be had to original sources of information for correction. When the schedules are all in vorfect order, or as perfect as the physical conditions will warrant, they are then tabulated and the facts arranged and classified in accord- B"fe with the information to be brought out. Value of Labor Statistics. It is often asked, “What good do labor statistics do? What is the value of the work of the Department of Labor?” One might as well undertake to answer the same question relative o the Bureau of Education or to other offices devoted en tirely to the dissemination of knowledge. No one of these offices really puts money into the pockets of ine citizens of the United States. They are and must be considered as a part of the educational force of the Government. Under the general welfare clause of the constitution the United States oGvern- ment spends about $8,000,000 annually and employs over 4006 people in scientific and educational ways. All their work might be abandoned without interfering one jot or tittle with the administration of the Federal Government. There are, however, certain classes of information which pri- vate enterprise cannot secure, as, for in- stance, no private individual or set of in- dividuals would undertake the collection of data relative to strikes and lockouts or'the various other questions which have been covered by the United States Depart- ment of Labor; yet all such information is useful. Congress desires it for its own use, and after having secured it feels at liberty to publish it for the use of every- body else. So, while it can be shown here and there that the facts secured by the Department of Labor and kindred offices in the United States have resulted in shaping wise legislation and also in pre- venting unwise legislation, the informa- tion has been more generally of the char- acter of educational work—adding to the knowledge of the world. Benefits of Sociology. The results of the work of such offices constitute most valuable contributions to social and political science. Sociology to- day commands the attention of tnfiklng people, but sociology without facts is sim- ply a theoretical view of the construction of society. What we need is the actual facts of what soclety is doing, for only by knowing the actual facts can laws be de- duced relative to future conduct. Labor and capital are both vitally interested in social and economic Information. The in- vestigation of existing conditions in va- rious directions results in positive knowl- edge, and through positive knowledge the errors which grow out of empirical observation are corrected. One of the chief values of the work of the Depart. ment of Labor is correcting the erroneous conclusions drawn simply from observa- tion. The time will come when the sta- tistical method will enable governments to avold certain things and to adopt oth- ers, all of which will conduce to the gen- “But when statistical of ut when statistical offices hlinn Intthelg 'mtur:é adopt .nbyecmc‘,;].:; eas of reform, bec dists and aim to bolster up é’:‘.’é‘».?{;"‘"‘“ another in its economic theori work will be criminal” and not les, Scientific. rtisan cannot be a good statistician, | should the Departms Socate a proposition it :2&3%'.:22.’..‘&" take the position of an advocate, hence : partisan, and lay itself open legitim: to the charge of having collected fac! substantiate its own position or of haui neglected to secure facts ?nu‘.onize ;fich' ] earless publication of facts, - gard to the influence those 'tlnlc&mm?y AX5PIS0Y Baris, Roston o WY istify It continued existenae. TNt can Education for the Masses. It is now well understood pop- ular_education of the u‘:; ‘e ele- mentary facts of political and _economic science is one of the test educational ends of the day, a at departments working emphatically in the nne):‘;oxr;élrit tating this great work by their faithful Invelfl?flonl into all "the conditions :vhe‘re. :‘eu flmm‘lx be hl::n ::;l into all ‘ause: conditlons ever ture and by their fearless pro‘mnlxl&m“‘t ng b f;"‘“""- It ls' Ol'fih oy e production, it is not neces- | s. There esti, the results of their inv R may have been much wi factory work by this class of dfices, but, having watched their work forji genera- tion, the writer feels safe in that with but one or two exceptjns there has never beem any attempt byihe head of any of the offices, State or pervert the facts or to use the sustain theories. This is a record n the official statisticians of our Shte an Federal Governments can be profl. —_— PERSONAL MEN Dr. N. Thompson of Boonville is at the Grand. \ H. A. French of Sacramento is L the Palace. < \ J. Betts, a merchant of San Jose, |s at the Palace. W. G. Fraser, a Riverside mercharm, is at the Palace. Dr. J. B. Hamilton of Los Angeles i3 at the Occidental. E. S. Churchill, a banker of Napa, 18 a guest at the Palace. 0. Scriber, an oil man of Bakersfleld, is a guest at the Grard. F. Irwin Herron, an oil man of Los An- geles, is at_the Palace. P Joseph Gqldman, a merchant of Merced, is a guest at the Grand. W. J. Smith, a merchant of Watsonville, is registered at the Palace. Charles P. Reed, a merchant of Los An- geles, is a guest at the Paiace. 0. Y. Woodward, a rarcher of Wood- wards Island, is at the Grand. ‘Walter F. Parker of Los Angeles is spendirng a few days at the, Grand. Senator E. C. Voorheis of Sutter Creek registered at the Palace yesterday. M. H. Whittier, dn ofl man of Bakers- field, is registered at the Occidental. Rev. Robert L. Macfarlane of Carson City, Nev., {s a guest at the Occidental. P. B. Lynch, a merchant and a Town Trustee of Vallejo, is spending a few days at the Palace. J. A’ Whittier. a mining man of British Columbia, is staying at the Grand. He is accompanied by his wife. —_———————— CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YORK. NEW YORK, April 12—The following Callfornians are in New York: From San Francisco—J. Cohn is at the Imperial, H. T. Scott and L. J. Scott are at the Hol- land, Dr. G. M. Terrill and wife are at the Imperial, L. H. Dubber i{s at the Union Square, J. H. Hunt and A. Zuckerman are at the Herald Square, G. Lowenberg is at the Hoffman, M. E. Luther is at the Sin- clair, J. Richards Is at the Astor. S —— CALIFORNIANS IN WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, April 12—R. S. Tousley and wife of Los Angeles are at the St. James. ANSWERS TO QUERIES. NO PREMIUM—G. M., City. Dealers in coins will not purchase half-dollars of 1875. Such are sold by dealers at from 7 cents to $1. SPIDERS—M. &.n. ‘The best exter- minator for spiders in a cellar is a broom, energetically applied. Wherever there is a cobweb sweep it away. GOODS BY SAMPLE—Agent, -~ Stent, Cal. An agent who sells goods by sample only is not required to take out a license in the State of California. GIVEN NAME-—H. M., City. Although a gentleman “has known a lady for a year and has been out with her quite often,” he should not address her by her given name unless she permits him to do so. RESERVATIONS—F. H., Boasall, Cal For information relative to the opening to the public of the Kiowa, Comanche and Apache reservations address a communi- cation to the General Land Office, Wash- ington, D. C., stating in full what infor- mation you desire. A DIFFICULT CASE—Easterner, Clty. This department suggests that yop lay the difficult case that you mame in your letter of inquiry before the resident phy- sician at the City and County Hospital, and he will be able to give you the in- formation you desire. THE WAR IN AFRICA—Subscriber, Kelseyville, Cal. As yet there have not | been published any statistics that show “the number of men killed on the British and Boer sides in the war in South Af- rica, how many have died from disease ';-nddwhat the war has already cost Eng- land.” ASPHALT—R., City. Asphalt or as- phaltum is a blackish bituminous sub- stance of solid consistence, which prob- ably owes its existence to vegetable mat- ter which has been subjected to a slow process of decomposition or decay, result- ing in the production of a bituminous coal, from which by volcanic agency it has been distilled and diffused over the neighboring district. COLLECTING FARES—R., City. It you got on a street car, rode a consider- able distance and then discovered that you had got on the wrong car the con- ductor would not have the right to re- turn you your fare nor gllow you to ride back to the point from which you started without collecting another fare. To avold mistakes ask the conductor if you are on the right car if you do not know. BIGAMY—F. M. S, City. A man who deserted his wife seventeen years ago, is not divorced and has no proof that his wife is dead, if he marry again is gullty of bigamy, unless he can establish that during a period of Seven years he, after diligent search, could not obtain any in- formation as to his first wife. If he did not hear of her in that time it would raise a presumption that she was dead. ———————— CHANCE TO SMILE. Bfll—The Halls seem to hold the center of_the stage. Jill—How so? “Why, first it was Tammany Hall, then Murray Hall and now Mrs. Blakeley Hall Who is in the public eye.” “And_you forget the one which gives so much trouble to the police.” “What's that?” “Alcohol.”—Yonkers Statesman. “Uncle John,” said little Emily, “do you know that a baby that was fed on ele- pharkn;s milk gained twenty pounds in a exclaimed Uncle John, and , ‘“Whose Lbaby was 1t he elephant’s baby " replied it- tle Emily.—Our Dumb Animals. “A Pennsylvania junk dealer sold his wife to the ashman for fiftv cents.” ““Well, say—if she's that sort of a wife Tl bet the ashman will be around in a few days asking pay for carting her away.”—Plain Dealer. On the 4 ure for the next world of a friend and citizen a rural singer writes: “He took and went the heavenly way— 'Tis hard to do without him; But all of us will leave some day, So I writ this poem "bout him.' —Atlanta Constitution. Judge—Have you anything to say before upon you?” p Yo Honor: I'll wait till afterwa; am in habit of having the last word.—Yvnkeu’r: Statesman. . ———— . Choice candies, Townsend’s, Palace Hotel.* —_————— Cal. glace fruit 50c per Ib at Townsend's.* —— . " Best eyeglasses, 10c to 4c. Look out for §1 4th, front of barber store and grocery. * Special information supplled dafly to ° bunnuclu m::‘m and w‘l;l!l:nm bi the Press Bureau g » gomery St 'l‘elephugu 'Il'l)-m‘ufl o= sul Y 'y son, if I should Tommy—Pop, what's Tommy's Pop—Well, give you a 1\1.".&? not to any more juest] that would — ;hlladelfibh Record. .S Swiuay. those Who bufld up their systems after the hot l No grippe, no pneumonia in the early winter, season by using Dr.Slegert's Angostura Bitters.