The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 12, 1901, Page 6

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 1901. Che * +Sobioe all. TUESDAY ..:eceu0 2vsnsennsese. MARCH 12, 1001 2 JOHN D, SPRECKELS, Proprietor. Address All Communiestions te W. 8. LEAKE, Mansger. MANAGER'S OFFICE........Telephone Press 204 PUBLICATION OFFICE...Market and Third, S. F. Telephone Press 201. EDITORIAL ROOMS. 217 to 221 Steve: Telephone Press 202, Delivered by Carriers, 15 Cents Per Weel. Single Copies, 5 Cents. Terms by Mail, Including Postage: DAILY CALL (including Sunday), one year. DAILY CALL (including Sunday), § months DAILY CALL (including Sunday), 3 months. DAILY CALL—By Single Month. EUNDAY CALL, One Year. WEEKLY CALL, One Year. ¢ All postmasters are authorized to receive subscriptions. Sample coples will be forwarded when requested. | Matl subscribers in ordering change of address should be particular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order to insure & prompt and correct compliance with their request. OAKLAND OFFICE.. ..1118 Broadway C. GEORGE KROGNESS. Mansger Foreign Advertising, Margqustts Building, Chioago. (Long Distance Teiephone “Central 2619.”") NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT: C. C. CARLTON.. «..Herald Square XEW ¥ STEPHEN B. SMITH. NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: A. Brentano, 31 Unlon Square; REPRESENTATT 30 Tribune Bullding 8 STANDS: | News Co.; Great Northern Hotel; | 2 Hotel. WASHINGTPN (D. C.) OFFICE. ...1408 G St., N. W. | MORTON E. CRAMNE, Correspondent. fontgomery, corner of Clay, open | 9:30 o'clock: 633 | Larkin, open until | open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, open until $ o'clock. Valencla, open % Eleventh, open until 9 0 . NW. CHICAGO N House; P. O, Eherm: Fremont BRANCH OFFICE cor- AMUSEMENTS he Telephone Girl. deville. ligornt Orgheum—V und the World o Recital this ai nd)—Races. AUCTION SALES. erican Auction Co.—This day, at 10 o'clock, 3000 at 17 Marke: sireet OVER DEAD BODIES. HENEVER the majority party in the United d to a standstill by wer to legislate has Ik of a cloture rule. ays been without limi- | s no previous question, nor lefinitely postpone or cussion or indirect | Oi course in the beginning it | 1 policy should con- om of speech and facilitate legis- | f all proposed laws ¢ has been tal ‘ 5 , 1o i d stop eedom. | led that it should be used to de- | the privilege of lation which be- tory of the Senate such.a feat of xteen-hour speech to defeat ths | n act, and Carter’s recent con- ance of thirteen hours to defeat the | 1, of revenge, | owned upon as a licentious abuse t s and the freedom of speech. | virg Carter’s performance Senator Platt re- | newed a proposition for a cloture rule that has been | made before to protect the Senate from license and | the majority from paral 3 Then tke minority stood up and despaired of the public once more. It was announced that probably Jice President Roosevelt would lock the Sena:e | doors and force cloture through at the -muzzle of a Senator Jones of Arkansas announced that | have to be done over his dead body. All | ant ic for effect. The Senate may or may not } ture, but it is safe to say that if it do and | the Democtats ever come into power in that body they will not repeal it. The country had a look at their sincerity in the| tragic opposition to the Reed rvles in the House. | They fought Reed on the floor, kicked in doors =and | shrieked like a hysterical woman in a church revival. They «a 1ied the issue into the campaign of 1890 and elucted so large a majority of the House that it re- quired a search warrant to find the Republican mi- nority. They elected Mr. Crisp Speaker, and that unfortunate gentleman found himself compelled to enforce Reed’s rules in order to compel that ove:r- whelming majority of his own party fo sit in its seats and transact the public business. That experience satisfied the country. So those who are talking about dead bodies and breathing martyrdom and slaughter may as well keep their breath for the advocacy of a “more and a fittener currency,” or the other vagaries for which they stand from motives 1 re; % According to the Pittsburg Dispatch the proper- ties on which the steel trust has issued the famous $1,190,000 of stocks and bonds can'be duplicated for about $304,000,000, so any ordinary citizen who wishes to get in and “bust the trust” can do it. The Senators may talk of cloture, but they will never practice it. There are too many spellbinders | the next six months the Government will undertake THE SILVER REPUBLICANS, HEN Mr. Dubois was re-elected Senator from w Idaho he formaily abandoned Silver Republic- anism and declared himself a Bryan Democrat. ‘When Patterson of Colorado was elected Senator by a fusion Legislature he promptly abandoned Populism and allied himself formally with the Bryan Democ- racy. Paiterson left the Democratic party several years ago ani did not ever affiliate with'the Bryan wing. He was president of the Populist national convention at Sioux Falls and there nominated Bryan, alleging ! as the reason for his action that Mr. Bryan repre- sented the principles of Populism and not Democracy. 1t remains to be seen what will become of Mr. Pat- terson’s Populist followers. The Silver Republicans of Idaho have promptly fol- | lowed the lead of Dubcis by disbanding. In a caucus | they have put their little side party in its shroud and coffin. In their ante-mortem statement they say that they have examined the Bryan Democracy, have felt its pulse, examined its palm, read its life line, taken its temperature and smelled its breath—in fact, have examined as if for life insurance, and, as a result, an- nounce that it is as little likely to return to the prin- | ciples of Cleveland as the regular Republican party is to return to the principles of Lin-} coln. Therefore, keeping up the pretense of de- | votion to the principles of Lincoln, they announce that those principles are now in the custody and keep- ing of Mr. Bryan; therefore, they enlist, enroll and | classify themselves as Bryan Democrats, in order to be | have to wait for the Governmental tests to learn the exact value of the explosive and of the prop'uls'ive force. In the very nature of things projectiles must eventually exceed the defensive strength of armor. There is a limit. beyond which a ship cannot carry armor, but there appears to be none to the explosive forces which science is learning to bring under con- trol. It is safe to say, however, it will be a long time before armored battleships vanish from the ocean, and the nation that should cease building them would practice but a very poor economy. MRS. NATION @S AN EDITOR. RS. CARRIE NATION, having for one week /\/\ enjoyed the glory of running a newspaper in Peoria, has decided that life without the joys of journalism is a failure. tablished a paper of her own. Consequently she has es- It is named “The | Smashers’ Mail,” and the Associated Press has al- ready announced to the world the publication of the first number and given an account of its contents and appearance. It must not be supposed that Mrs. Nation's week of experience in editing a paper for some one else was altogether satisfactory to her. She was pleased, of course, with the privilege of sitting in the sanctum and writing exhortations and poems for the world, bu: her authority in the office was not supreme. The pro- prietor of the paper insisted on having something to say about the make-up, and Mrs. Nation was grieved thereat. His interfercnce was a little thing in its way, but it spoiled the glory of the thing. With some one Lincoln Republicans. | No one can tell how long such a pretense will in- | fluence the class of men who are dominated by it now. | These Silver Republicans left their party on tha | financial issue. They followed Dubois and Teller, | Towne and Stewart, in 1896. They deserted on the | one issue of finance. They took pains to pronounce | themselves Republicans on all other issues. Mr. Bryan | indust: cuitivated them znd put himself forwari | as the reincarnation of Lincoln on finance. He still | keeps that myth to the fore, and undoubtedly expects this incorporated contingent of Silver Republicans to control the nmext Democratic convention and again | cominate him for the Presidency. | It is not complimentary to the intelligence of these | Silver Republicans that they pronounce on the prin- les of Lincoln and Cleveland. The messages and writings of Mr. Lincoln prove him to have been the predecessor of Mr. Cleveland in decfiring the prin- ciples of sound money, which Cleveland made the pol= star of his administration. Both Lincoln and Cleve- land stood exactly in line with Jefferson and Jackson | on the issue of sound money. Mr. Lincoln pointed out in advance the evils of attempting to sustain the greenback as a sufficient and permanent currency. | He foretold that appalling danger to the treasury and | the public credit which Mr. Carlisle called “the end- | less chain.” He especially pointed out the danger to the wage-earners arising in such a permanent cur- rency, and twice recommended the national banking system in his messages before his party had the cour- age to advance to his position and adopt it. Every feature in Mr. Cleveland’s financial policy was based on that of Lincoln, so that the Republican party in its gold standard and cther financial legislation is on | that issue distinctly the party of Lincoln. Mr. Bryan is in antagonism direct and positive to | everything taught on the money issue by Jefferson, | Jackson and Lincoln, as he is to the principles of Cleveland. Yet these Silver Republicans pretend to deceive themselves in'the hope to delude others, by pretending that they follow the financial ideas of Lincoln by fol- lowing the banner of Bryan. [ ] ARMOR AND PROJECTILES. | | LL the great nations of the world are busily engaged, at a large cost, in constructing mighty warships covered with heavy armor; but at the same time scientists and inventors are loud in declar- | ing ghat in a few years such ships will be worthless: that the increasing power of explosives will soon en- able shot and shell to be hurled with such force that | any armor a ship can carry afloat will be as useless | in battle as the mail of a medieval knight against a { rifie ball. One of these authorit Hudsen Maxim, recently said i a lecture in New York: “Some time within experiments at Sandy Hook for the purpose of testing the new high explosive known as Maximite. A struc- ture built of the strongest Kruppite plate, twelve inches thick and as large as a ‘modern battleship, will be set up as a target. If, as I predict, this plate should be destroyed at one shot, there will be wrought as complete a revolution in naval architecture as resulted from the building of the Monitor. Maximite is the | first high explosive satisfactory in other respects which could be fired through armor plate of such | thickness as to make it available for armor-piercing | shells. When a projectile filled with Maximite is | exploded in flight it will be hurled at a velocity of 5000 feet a second.” The statement that the tests of the new explosive are to be made within six months is encouraging. There is nothing vague about such a statement. It i | gives assurance that the Government and the public | | are going to learn within a definite time what Mr. | | Maxim's prediction is worth. His declaration that | | tke results will tend toward revolutionizing naval architecture may prove true, but, even so, the revolu- tion will not be effected at once, and the Governments of the powers are therefore acting with wisdom in constructing warships they can rely upon under pres- ent conditions. It is not always safe to trust to an inventor, | In the meantime it will be interesting to-note what { Maxim thinks would be the effect on naval architec- ture should the results of the test of Maximite be what he predicts. In the same lecture he said: “The war vessel of the future will be a small unarmored gunboat, capable of traveling at a high rate of speed. Such a craft will com. into use as the natural result of the success of the aerial torpedo, and will afford far more protection than the most powerful battle- ship.” The lecturer went 01 to say that the only foe which could successfully contend against a swift cruiser armed with guns using Maximite would be an auto- in the body for the adoption of any plan of sawing off speech just as the orator is beginning to get in- terested in himself. Dreyfus intends soon to place his impressions of himself in book form on the‘market. Has he fallen into the grievous error of supposing that a story of martyrdom may be tainted, without injury, by .com- mercialism? It will doubtless be 2 frequent item in the society columns of Kansas papers hereafter that Mrs. Nation after a grand afternoon hatchet party has retired to her county jail to attend to her private correspond- ence. mobile torpedo boat traveling under water at the rats of three-quarters of a mile in a minute. Such a boat, he thinks, will soon be attained by means of a newly invented propelling force said to be more powerfui than compressed air. Furthermore, he added: ' “On land the changes in warfare must be as great as on sea. It will be no longer possible for troops to fight in the open. As soon as they appeared on the line of the horizon they would be wiped out by the new engines of destruction as quickly and as surely 13 dust is reduced by the use of a garden hose.” ' The press reports of the lecture announce: “Mr, Maxim made various demonstrations to prove his as- sertions.” Hew near the demonstrations came to con. stituting a sufficient proof is not stated. We shall | across the water. in power over and above her, out of reach of a hatchet and not amenable to prayer, the editor for a week did not feel at home, and therefore, while the experience instilled in her an infatuation for journai- ism, it did not wholly come up to her expectations. We learn from our Eastern exchanges that Mrs. Nation complains that while she was nominally editor of the Peoria Journal, not one-half of what she wrote was published.. The report goes on ‘to quote Mrs. Nation as saying there was a wicked man on the pap-er | who stole her articles and tore them up “just because he wanted to get his own stuff in.” She added: “I took to Peoria a dozen pieces of poetry which my admiring friends had wrote and sent in, the most beautiful pieces I ever read, but the wicked man chucked them into the waste-basket. He got a ‘talk- ing-to.” ‘Hell,’” I says, ‘is full of such scoundrels as you. Now Mrs. Nation has a paper of her own, but still she is not altogether Lhappy. Her publisher, it seems, does not exactly suit ker, but she accepts him for the good of the cause. She is reported to have said in her salutatory: “I have no apologies to make for having Nick Childs for the publisher of the Smash- ers’ Mail. Our Savior ate with the publicans and sinners to do them good. The servant is not above, his Lord. This paper will be, as its name implies, the smashers’ mail. I shall put into the columns the letters I get from all over, even those I get from Those wishing to say anything through the columns of the Smashers’ Mail must put it in the form of a letter and use brevity—the soul of wit—for I reserve the exclusive right as editor. I have had a severe lesson in Peoria from allowing some one to attend to what I ought to, therefore I alone am responsible for what goes in.” The wicked man, it will be seen, is in this case sub- ordinate to his lord, and the editor is now supreme. There will ‘be no more exclusion of Mrs. Nation’s beautiful articles nor wasting of the poetry of her friends. Everything thus appears as fair and lovely over Kansas as a spring morning, and far be it from us to predict disaster or look for signs of ill omen. Nevertheless, it is to be borne in mind that Kansas is a cyclone State, and newspapers in the hands of inexperienced editors are among the greatest cyclone breeders known to man or woman. The Smashers’ Mail may yet prove a storm center, and far and wide | the prairies of Kansas may be strewn with the wrecks of poems and the hair of Nick Childs. DEWET AND HIS FIELD. ROM the ease with which Dewet has managed l:to once more escape the British troops those whe are watching the progress of the struggle in the Transvaal will have another illustration of the diffi- cult task that confronts the British. The Boer gen- eral has proven his ability to enter Cape Colony, raid it for three weeks, obtain recruits from among the Boer settlers of the country, get fresh horses and sup- plies, and escape in safety to the big, wild country beyond the Orange River. So irritated has the British public become over the repeated successes of Dewet that Lord Roberts has found it advisable to 1emind his countrymen of the magnitude of the field cver which their troops have to | keep guard. His statement gives the following table of distances over which his troops had to travel by land: \ Cape Town to Pretoria.. Pretoria to Komatipoort Cape Town to Kimberley .. Kimberley to Mafeking 223 Mateking to Pretorfa . pred Mafeking to Belra 113 Durban to Pretoria. . 511 It is further recalled to the attention of the grum- bling people at home that Cape Colony contains something over 277,000 square miles, Orange River Colony more than 48,000 square miles, the Transvaal _more than 113,000 square miles, and Natal over 18,000 square miles. Commenting upon those figures Lord Roberts adds: “It will be seen that the army in South Africa had to be distributed over an area of greater extent than France and Germany put to- gether, and, if we include that part of Rhodesia with which we had to do, larger than the combined areas of France, Germany and Austria.” All of that is interesting enough as an explanation of Kitchener’s failure to capture Dewet, or Steyn, or Botha, but it does not help the taxpayer much. The British War Office reports show that at the beginning of the year there were engaged in South Africa in the Diritish armies 267,000 men. The cost of the war up to that time had exceeded $400,000,000; and the War Office estimates for South Africa for the current year are about $300,000,000 more. Evidently the pursuit of Dewet is very much like that kind of pursuit of pleas- ure which is known as the road to ruin. It cannot be followed withoutfhaving money to burn, The City Councilors of Topeka believe they have devised a harder blow at the saloon-keepers than Mrs, Nation ever gave with a hatchet. They have enacted an ordinance making it unlawful for a man to treac another even in a private house. Furthermore, any man found in 2 place where liquor is sold is subject to fine and imprisonment. It is an opera bouffe of- dinance as it stands, but the enforcement of it is going to be a circus. United States Senator Morgan is again twisting the tail of the British lion. And the interesting part of the performance is that the lion seems to enjoy it. "\ PAPERS ON CURRENT TOPIC S. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR THE SAN FrRANCISCO CALL. How the Arabs of Zanzibar, Wards of Great Britain, Thrive Under the In- fluence of a Protectorate. By Walter Hodgson. M. A. OF KEBLE COLLEGH, OXFORD. (COPYRIGHT, 1901) IV.—ZANZIBAR, A WARD OF COURT. Though not a colony in the proper sense of the term, and not, therefore, standing in the relation of a daughter to the meth- er country, the dominions of Hamud bin Mahamed bin Said, Sultan of Zanzibar, may be regarded rather.as a ward of court, since in November, 1880, consequent upon the partition of FEastern Africa among Great Britain, Germany and Por- tugal, England established throughout that rich and important territory a pro- tectorate, which extends over the islands ot Zanzibar and Pemba, as well as some few small islands adjacent, together with a narrow ten-mile strip of the mainland about twenty miles westward across the Indian Ocean. The island of Zanzibar itself, having an area of 640 square miles and containing a population of 90,000, is inhabited for the most part by Arabs, and in a still greater number by Swahills, the natives of the soil. There are about fifty Englishmen, a like number of Germans, a still smaller number of Americans, Frenchmen and Ttalians, represented by Consuls of their own, and a few Greeks and Roumanians, who' are content to leave their interests in the hands of the British consulate. There are about 7000 Eritish subjects, mostly Indian, through whose hands passes the whole of the retail and most of the wholesale trade, both of the Island and of Eastern Africa. The grapdees are all Arabs, but the merchants,~great or - - Sultan of Zanzibar. g & 4 small, are Indlan, and, like the Arabs, Mohammedan, with the exception of some heathen Banyans. But among the lower orders are Persians, Egyptians and Soa- nese, representatives 5} every African and many Aslatic races. The Trade Center of East Africa. Zanzibar - suggests cloves—and slaves Siave labor is still to a great extent, and until recently was whelly, employed on the clove plantations, the product of which constitutes the principal export to India, Great Britain, the 'United States and elsewhere; but thcre are very large exports also of {vory, petroloum, rubber and copal. Thegrlnclpa.l meurts are cot- ton stuffs from England, oil from America and rice from India. Prosperous as was the import and export trade in 189, the re- turns for 1899 show a marked advance. The total value of all articles imported into Zanzibar in that year amounted to £1,59,606, an increase of £41,53 over the preceding year, while the total exports for the same period reached a sum of£1.- 513,407, exceeding by nearly £16,000 those of the year before. Zanzibar is thus by far the most flour- ishing and important town in Eastern Af rica. It Is a great trade center for Afri- ca, India and Arabia, As seen from the sea, it appears a closely packed town, bufit down to the water's edge, ‘“‘with stately buildings of dazzling whiteness standing out clear sharp against the deep blue sky, while wav‘lng palms ani vivid green bushes, smooth blue sea and red shore are aglow in the rich warmth of atmosphere that knows no smoke or fog."” Conspleuous among 1ts chief bulldings ar the Sultan’s palace, rchuilt after the bom- bardment in 1395, on the occasion of the short-lived usurpation of Khalid; the vari- ous consulates, the French Hospital, the hospital of the English Universities’ Mis- sion and their cathedral church, which stands upon the site of the old slave mar- ket, the holy table being erected on the very spot where formerly stood the shameful whipping post. There is a mas- nificent harbor where ships of all nations ride at anchor among the numerous dhows. Influence of Sir John Kirk. After several centurles of gquasi-Arab rule, Zanzibar in the beginning of the sixteenth century came under the domin- jon of the Portuguese. Later on the Arabs reasserted their independence, and the island remained In the possession of vari- ous Arab chiefs till the end of the eigh- teenth century, when the Imam of Muscat proclaimed and maintained his sover- elgnty over Zanzibar and Pemba and the neighboring coast. In 1841 the East India Company first established relations with the ruler of Zanzibar, who had assumed the title of sayd, or lord, of the island, and successive British 'representatives were appointed to.the court of Zanzibar, until in 1873 Sir John Kirk, who had been appointed vice-consul in 1866 and subse- quently consul, received his formal ap- pointment to the post of consul general and Jater on attained the further office of litical agent. There is no other man iving, says Sir Harry Johnston, who has so profoundly influenced the condition of Eastern Africa as Sir John Kirk. Born of an old Scotch family and educated for a doctor, he served as such with the British army in the Crimean war, but his own taste and aptitude were for natural his- tory. In 1838 he accepted the post of nat- uralist to Livingstone's expedition to the Zambesi, the exigencies of which, how- ever, forced him to lay aside the natural- ist to become the second in command, in which capacity, when others falled, Liv- ingstone found him a mainstay In several critical emergencies. ‘When he first arrived.in the island in 1866 the sovereignty of the Sultan was most precarious. The standing army was composed of a few miserable, ill-clothed, unpaid, cowardly mercenaries. Slaves were sold in the open market. Ugon the death of the reigning Sultan, Sir John Kirk sedulously cultivated the friendship and confidence of his successor, Beyd 8- hash, with the result that at the end of two years of personal intercourse he was able to obtain as a concession to friend- ship what Sir j3artle Frere, in spite of his personal prest'ge and position, backed by a fleet of ironclads, had failed to extort even under the threat of bombardment— namely, Seyd's signature to a treaty for :heduunpreulon of the East African slave rade. How Zanzibar Is Ruled. In October, 1891, a regular government was formed for Zanzibar, wis General Lloyd Matthews, K. C.. M. G., as Prime Minister. In February, 152, It was de- ent the Sul- tan’s privy purse, which is kept wholly distinct from the general revenues of the country, is fixed at 120,000 rupees annual- ly, while the remainder of the revenue is (Lvoted to cl for the internal mlnht-r‘l‘tion of b: ’-m.c. Ho expenditure can ncurred T Siont and Contul Goneraidnthe Brit: an ns Th chief officlals are a Consul, two Vice Coar suls and a Board of Agriculture. There is also a regular native army of about 900 men, including police, under the com- mand of a British general. Justice among the Sultan’s native sub- jects is administered by cadis, or legal magistrates, but by a decree of 1892 the Sultan made over to the British agent and Consul General his right to try all cases in which the accuser was a British subject and the accused a native of Zan- zibar, or the subject of a non-Christian state’ without a treaty. Almost all causes are now tried before the British court, from which an appeal lies to the High Court of Bombay. Suppressing the Slave Trade. But the great achievement of Great | Britain, conceived long before the protect- | orate and matured through many years of hard struggle in the face of indigenous customs, has been the abolition of legal traffic in slaves from Zanzibar and East- ern Africa. From time immemorial slaves were tak- en from Central Africa to the Mediter- ranean. states, to Egypt and Asia, and until near the end of the eighteenth cen- tury most People had thought slavery a proper institution. In 179 an act of the nited States was passed forbldding slave trade to any foreign country. In 1807 an act of the British Parllament madé the trade illegal for British subjects and a | law of the United States forbade the im- | portation of slaves into the Union. The rst steps taken by Great Britain against | the slave trade on the east coast of Africa were in 1822, when an engagement was ob- tained from the Imam of Muskat and con- firmed by him in 1539, by which he prom- ised to prohibit and prevent the sale of slaves to any Christian nation and to al- low British ships to seize all vessels found within certain limits loaded with slaves. In 1845 it was furthef agreed with the Imam that the export of slaves from his African dominions, or from Africa Into his Asiatic possessions, should bes?ruhlb- {ted under severest penalties. In 1872 Seyd Barghash, vielding to the representations of Sir John Kirk, ratified a treaty renounc- ing the transport of slaves by sea and closing all public slave markets in his do- mains. 1In 1876 he issued further decrees prohibiting ‘the fitting out of slave cara- vans and the bringing of slaves to the coast or transporting them by land, and freeing all slaves held In certain ports. Subsequent decrees were obtained from the Sultan Khalifa in 1889 and 150, all tending to the further emancipation of slaves, until at last, in 1597, the present Sultan agreed to publish a decree abolish- Ing entirely the status of slavery in the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba. This means, in the words of the then British Under Secre(ar}' for Foreign Affairs—now Lord Curzon, Vi ery slave s at liberty to go before a court established for that purpose, and to claim his freedom. All he has to do is to g0 before that court, proxs his identity, claim the liberty to which he is entitled and receive the papers which registered that fact. No court can, from the passing of that decree, enforce any claims upon Rim Dby his former master’ In the first eighteen months $000 slaves, male and fe- male, claimed their liberty, The freeing of slaves is now Drm‘e!dlni. slowly but surely, at the rate of about a year. ‘Work of the Universities. It was In 1857 that Livingstone, while on a visit to England, made his now historic appeal to the universities of Oxford and to the heathen races of Central Africa. “I go back to Africa,” was his simple yet eloquent story, “to try to make an open path for commerce and Christianity. Do jou carry out the work which'I eflun? leave it to you.” alf a century has passed and the re- gponse to that appeal is seen in Zanzibar | and on the shores of Lake Nyansa, in a growing native church, wisely planted and carefully nurtured by the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa, to whose good | work successive agents-general have | borne ungrudging testimony. While the first aim of the mission is to bufld up a native ministry, who shall be able to bring home to their African brethren the precious truths of the gospel In a way that the African can comprehend, the great linguistic studies and attainments of Bishop Steere and others have already alded the work of the Government offi- cials and merchants by reducing to writ- ing the Swahilf language, through which the commerce of the country is mainly carried on. At the same time by patiently trainin in ipdustrial work ana habits the releas: slaves who, for many years past, have been handed over to the care of the mis- sion, a rapidly increasing body of capable and’trustworthy citizens is daily coming forward to take their share in the trade and well-being of their own land. Benefits of Strong Foreign Rule. There is a Swahill proverb that “those who do_a work do not fail to have a rea- son.” It must have appeared presumpt- uous for European powers to meet in con- ference and to partition Africa amon: themselves without the peoples concerne having a say in the matter. But the re- sult has been beneficial. To have planted among them those whose rule is based on equality of treatment for ali alike, with- | out oppression on the one shand, and, above all_bribery on the other, is in itself an untold gain ‘and the natives already show their appreciation of the love of fair play which has characterized the British officials in their land. Another boon re- sulting from the British protectorate is security. This was strikingly exemplified when in 189 on the sudden death of Ha- mid bin Thwain, under circumstances of the gravest suspicion, Khalid Barghash, who had already tried to usurp the throne in 1803, showed that he was prepared for the crisis by immediately barricading the palace and declaring his resolve to reign or die. The next day Admiral Rawson, with the Saint George, arrived from the Cape and gave the usurper his choice be- tween surrender and bombardment. All Europeans were ordered on board ship and early the following morning the palace was shelled and the town fired. This proved too much for Khalld. He fled to the German consulate, from which he was deported eventually to German East Africa, where he rem:ained under German surveillance. His more peaceable elder cousin, Hamud, the present occupant of the throne, was proclaimed Sultan and rues his dominions in complete accord- ance with those Ministers who at the fresent time carry out the policy which ‘%plm the British protectorate In Zan- ar. have | I A CHANCE TO SMILE. His Worship ({% vl;lmar. who has been up every moni éars)—Eben: rroakes.“;rvn't you :;ha);ned )to be scom her;!l” often? Bt tils “Bless yer worship, place is re- spectable ter . pec aule | 1;‘“ some places where I'm He—This is your final answer? he—Yes. He—Well, you can't down. I'll Miss Anteck—Yes, Indeed, I" “l’u ;z'é my grandfather was -m » ceroy of India—‘“that ev- | Cambridge to carry the gospel of Christ | PERSONAL MENTION, Louis Dean of Reno is at the Californta. Ogden Mills of New York is at the Pal- ace. J. M. Batchelder of Oroville is at the Grand. W. W. Chapin of Sacramento is at the Palace. 2 S. H. Callen of Williams is registered at the Grand. Dr. J. P. Abbott of Antloch Is registered at the Lick. John N. Tisdale, a New York furrier, s at the California. Jay W. Coleman, a merchant of Reno, i3 at the Occidental. Charles B. Ryland of San Jose is a guest at the Occidental. Raflroad Commissioner E. B. Edson is at the Occidental. C. J. Martin and wife of San Jose are at the Occidental. Dr. James Hogan of Vallejo is a guest at the Oceidental. James F. Peck, an attorney of Merced, is a guest at the Lick. W. T. Smith, a mining man of Elko, Nev., is at the Palace. J. A. Barham and wite of Santa Rosa are at the Occidental. George L. Jomes, a Grass Valley mer- chant, is at the California. W. F. Fisher, a fruit-grower of Calis- toga, is a guest at the Lick. George Conway, a merchant of Portland, Or., 1s a guest at the Palace. A. C. McLeod, a merchant of San Luis Obispo, is a guest at the Grand. J. T. Harmes, a Sacramento real estate agent, is a guest at the California. J. D. Carr, a large property owner of Salinas, 1s a guest at the Occidental. E. R. Snyder, an ofl man of Coalinga, accompanied by his wife, is registered at the Lick. F. G. Therle, a manufacturing jeweler of Chicago, is a suest at the Lick, accom- | panied by bis wife. L. C. Krueger, foreign buyer for the firm of Carson, Pirle, Scott & Co. of Chi- cago, is at the Palace. James Keith has been appointed city passenger agent of the Illinols Central Rallroad. Mr. Keith has been connected with the Southern Pacific Railroad at San Diego for several years. — e CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YORK. NEW YORK, March IL—The following Californians are in New York: From San Franeisco—D. Davidson, at Cadillac; Dr. J. Q. Dixon, at St. Cloud; C. F. Fleming, at Cosmopolitan; D. Healfleld, at Union Square; H. E. Huntington, at Netherland R. C. Kirk, at Hoffman: C. L. McClish, W. J. Musgrave, at Grand Union: H. F Price, at Imperial; W. S. Saalburg, a Hoffman; Miss C. Schindler, at Barthold. T. H. Todd Jr., at Continental; J. F. E | lish, Mrs. S. B. English, Miss V. English, | at St. Denis; M. J. Heane, at Sturteva | A. Sfllman, at Murray Hill; A. C. Rulot | son, R. White, E. White, at Imperial. | From Los Angeles—F. Bradshaw, at | Herala Square; F. W. Wainwright and | wite, at Astor. —————— | CALIFORNTANS IN WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, March 11.—Ths follow- ing Californians are at the hotels: Raleigh —C. N. Stern, Los Angeles; Frank V. Bell, Willlam F. Herne, Miss Herne, San Fran- | cisco. Shoreham—Mrs. R. A. Wellman, | the Misses Wellman, Oakland; W. Olcott, Charles R. Lloyd, John P. Jones, H. T. | Scott, L. B. Scott, San Francisco. Ar- lington—L. B. Woodworth, California. ——ee—— ANSWERS TO QUERIES. DUPLICATE WHIST—M., City. In the | game of duplicate whist the deal goes to he left. PROFESSOR HOWARD-L O. F. S, City. Professor Howard was not the last of the four professors to leave Stanford University; but the second. He was forced out. CRANK PIN-D. J. W., City. The crank pin on the driver of a locomotive being a part of the driver, it makes a complete revolution every time the wheel turns around. THE OHIO—H. R., City. Before being converted into a United States transport the steamer Ohio belonged to the Amer- fcan Line of steamers, running between New York and Liverpool. POINTS IN CRIBBAGE—Subscriber, City. If A plays a four, Basixand C a five, C makes fifteen, with five points: if D plays a seven he counts four points, and if A plays a deuce, B a trey and C a four, C makes thirty-one, with eight points. * PURSER—J. L. K., City. The dutles of a purser on the steamers of the Pacifio Mall line are the samae as on the steamers of other first-class lines. A purser is an officer who keeps the accounts of the ship to which he belongs and who acts as gen- eral purveyor. WORDEN-—G. F. W.,, Occidental, Cal, Salter D. Worden, who was tried for train wrecking, was sentenced November 15, 1894, to be hanged: September 23, 139, he was resentenced to be hanged, and on June 15, 1898, his sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life. MINING CLAIM—A. M., Angels Camp, Cal. A patent to a mining claim can be secured by the locator though he did not porsonally do any of the work required by 'w. Itis necessary that a certain amount of work shall be done. Such be per- formed by the locator or by those em- ployed by him. RIGHT-OF-WAY—S., Livermore, Cal If a man has homesteaded a quarger sec- tion of land but has not yet proved up, and there is no public road leading to the jand, and his neighbor will not permit him to drive over his private road to en- able him to reach the homestead, he should lay the matter before the County Supervisors, asking for a right-of-way. EUCHRE—A. B. Q., Huron, Cal. This correspondent asks: “In a four-handed game of euchre A turns trump, B orders it up and calls for his partner's best: e ontitied to 17~ That depends u e conditions of the game at the bfim‘. An old-time euchre player says t! un- the less there is an agreement to show best card it cannot be called FIVE MOONS—G. H. C., West Side, Cal, The mean sidereal revolution of the moon around the earth is 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes and 1148 seconds, and mean synodical revolution, or the Nr::ld from new moon to new moon is 29 12 hours 44 minutes and 2.87 seconds. these it appears as im; ble for five moons to appear in hrn:.?. £ é-:nth that in a leap year has only 29 ys. TWO HEARTS-B., City. with but a single lhunet." the following song, “which my mother to sing,” as says to In- gomar in the play of that name: What s love? If t taughe, Ty Beart m-fh)m Soa o s wit! it thought, Two hearts. that best ast cue Ana w comes love? Like morning’: Tt comes without thy call. ‘iapne “Two souls etc., occurs in -How closel; reseml him now.—Philadelphia n’&’f" e 5 I!h"" say that young Beasley is quite a "‘gl:’ he an, othe{' ggcup-uon?" “‘Oh, yes. e pu e on w‘lns—nou:’! the pork at the Swift “Ah, I see. Another Mark-ham" Cleveland Plain Dealer. Pete: ?'%xve;o'wg 3 knock at St s gate. > 7ok 0‘"{}.‘ s ere’ e aged Zuardian n the gate and I'll show you." “Oh, it's you, is {t?" sald St. Peter as he o] the gate. “What were. other world?” ool And how dies love? A spirit bright— Love never dies at all. Choice candles, Townsend's, Palace Hotel * Cal. glace fruit 50c per Ib at Townsend's.® Speeial information supplied da: bulneal hpo\ne- and p\ffil:l men bz l;: Press Bureau ' - gomery st “”l‘elwhm &.finfikm k3 Late statistics show that igan leads the world In the production o penoy New York State long held the first place. —_— Dr. Sanford’s Liver Invigorator.