The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 7, 1901, Page 6

Che e Call.| vesess.o. MARCH 7, 1001 | THURSDAY. JOHN .D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. 22¢ress 41 Cemmozications to W, B, LEAKE, Macager. M ANAGER"S OFFICE. . Telephone Press 204 FUBLICATION OFFICE. ..Market and Third, 8. F. Telephone Press 201, OOMS.....217 to 221 Stevemson St. Telephone Press 202, Delvered by Carriers. 15 Cents Per Week. Stngie Copies, 5 Cents. Terms by Matl, Incinding Posta DAILY CALL (inciuding Sundsy), cne yea DALY CALL (including Sunday), ¢ month: EDITORIAL R . - DAILY CALL (ncluding Surday), 8 months. DAILY CALL—By Single Month EUNDAY CALL, Ope Year.. WEEKLY CALL, One Year. All postmasters are anthorized to receive subseriptions. Sample coples will be forwarded when requested. Mall subseribers fn ordering changs of address should %e | perticular 1o give both XEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order 1 insure & prompt end correct compliance with thelr request. VAKLAND OFFICE. +...1118 Broadway €. GEORGE KROGNESS. Yanager Yoreige Advertising, Marguetts Building, Chisags, tLong Distence Tel “Central 2619.”) :SPONDENT: -Herald Square NEW YORK COR €. C. CARLTON... NEW YORK REPRE E R CATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH Tribune Baflding NEW YORL Waldorf-Astoria Hotel; Murray Hil Hotel. CHICAGO NE Sherman House: P. O. News Co.; Fremont House; Auditorium Hote S STANDS: A. Brentano, 31 Upfon Square: FTANDS: Great Northern Hotel: WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE....1406 G St., N. W. MORTON E. CKAMNE, Correspondent. PFICES—27 M BRANCH 0 cmery, corner of Clay. open until $:30 c'clock. 300 Heyes, open untfl 9:30 o'clock 6% McAliister open until 3:30 o'clock. €15 Larkin, open until k. 1941 Mission, oper until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market. open until § o'clock. 108 Valencla, open s oper until % o'ciock. N 18 o AMUSEMENTS. Fischer's—Vaudeville. Mechanics' Pavilt Fx Bak AUCTION SALES. iy n Co,~Tuesday, March 12, at 10 ¢'clock, Market street By Terts American Au etc., at PACIFIC M@iL NEGLIGENCE. of the Rio was \\ nd the F fic Mail Com- ching for the wreck. ] HILE he sunken vesscl y would bring i that they might at the-baggage of the nany articles which the | h as mementos of the departed « h trust in the company st display of activity the All efforts are carried on Pacific Mazil | med. the tk part of the company adds an- the accident. It ap- to the dead, to the which the sunken | navigation the channel. | 1 in making the search the ndiff of rk in absolute carelessness | upon n Rio and receive serious in- jury, Apparently the Pacific Mail Company has long ago | reached the n that the public h no rights that comp bound to protect or even to respect Wreck taken place among its vessels, | but it has learned 1g from them, and seemingly it has not even trie rn. When avessel goesdown e name off the list of its shiy se old way. Thus each 1 reason for public condemna- the company < znd goes on i Cicaster furnishes ac tion of the ¢ In this, the managers w mpany's methods of doing business. nces of a similar nature, it the blame of the loss of the as in rer s‘eamer upon the pilot or some employe of the com- pany; but upon whom can th it the blame for the meglect to prosccute the sear: or the ship? fau the search was dropped afte- so small an f work and expense? By whos t has out that r since Saturday the efforts to i have been confined to private parties? Here, at any rate, is a ne; nce, or worse, that s 1o be the f managers themselves. on the scarch they save a few or the sake of that they here she sank regard- hem to assist in the d their property The mounted pe o Petersburg are reported od trampled under their horses a ber of students for no other offense than streets; and speculation is leit to wonder what they would have dose had ths studgnts been who to have rode dow ongs in There is a report that the Cuban constitutional con- vention is thinking of treating the demands of our Government in such a way as to force an extra ses- sion of Congress, but it is safe to say if they do ths be a hot one for them, session We may not be altogether satisfied with the work ess, but since we get a reduction of war mount of $41,000,000 and escape an extra content. Things might sion we y as well ¢ been very much worse. A rule has been cs’t—::blished at the.State peniten- tiaries that all convicts privileged to release must be liberated on Monday. This will probably insure them the gratificaticn oi a police reception committee on their arrival here. - China is now 2¢king the European concert to pro-, | toast and boast of its adopted State. | in reseeding protected ranges that THE “SA A NEW GRASS. N recent years a great deal of money has been l spent in importing and testing new grasses, in the hope to add to the country’s resources for forage. While this has been going on attention to our na- tive grasses has subsided. It secemed to have been forgotten that many of the indigenous grasses of this country were found in the days of primitive grazing to be of the highest value. not only in the green state but for hay. The cel2- brated Kentucky blue grass, to which that State owes its reputation for excellent horses and cattle, was not a Kentucky grass at all, but grew wild in Indiana, and was taken thence to Kentucky to become the The red top grass, so much valued in moist meadows in the prairie States, was a wild product of the Upper Mis- sissippi Valley. With their domestication all experiment with our native grasses seems to have ended, and we have ai- flicted some parts of the country by the importation of Bermuda grass, and have distinctly cursed other parts by introducing the horrible lohnson grass. It is said that the latter was taken into the San Joaquin Valiey by a man who is now serving a long sentence 2t San Quentin. We don’t know whether the charge against him was proved, but it is currently reported that he was really found guilty for intro- ducing Johnson grass. That plant is a sort of vege- table cancer. It is the graminaceous lupus. It eats everything and is proof against the X ray, salt, fire and hot water. It will exterminate a vineyard and eat up an established orchard. But nothing will eat Johnson grass. Other exotic forage plants as useless but not as destructive have been introduced in the quest for something new to add to the bill of fare of animals that split the hoof and chew the cud, but native and useful grasses have been overlooked. Now, however, attention is turning back to them. The buffalo grass, that nourished millions of those grand animals, has nearly disappeared, without any examination of its merits and adaptation to domesti- cation. Recently the State Agricultural College of Kansas has taken up this native grass and has dis- covered s merits and peculiarities. It is found that it propagates not by seed alone, but the root. The long, slender roots extend on all sides from the plant Where the plains are not and throw up new plants. tramped into dust by sheep, destroying these roots, | the grass spreads independently of the seed, which explains its persistence when grazed by the buffalo. | It has been experimented with as dry hay to test its food value for cattle, and was found superior to both Kentucky blue grass and timothy. It survives the dry scason if the roots are not tramped, and, as cattle do not tramp them out, is an ideal range forage. Its seed is easily planted and germinates well. Dairy cows pasturzd on this grass give most as- tonishing returns in the quantity of cream and quality | of butter. The rediscovery of its high quality has given a fresh impetus to the proposition to lease the. arid | ranges, to the end that they may be seeded with buf- falo grass and protected against its extermination. The offer of the Agricultural Department to assist have been ex- hausted by use as commons gains great significance fiom the demonstrated merits of this grass and sthe ty of its domestication. Another indigenous grass that is attracting atten- | tion is the gramma grass, once so flourishing in Ne- vada that the Indians harvested its seeds for grain, as we do wheat, and ground it rudely to make a sort of bread. It is exceedingly nutritious, and by <‘(‘-Icc.'-4 tion is probably capable of development into a new | cereal adapted to arid situations. The Call heartily invites the attention of stock- men to the possibilities that lie in the use of these grasses for reseeding the exhausted ranges and re- newing their capacity to carry stock. These plants czn be used where irrigation is impossible, and by care not to overstock the range may be made lasting and the cattle business upon it a permanency. t Now that all fears of an extra session of Congress are about over there scems an easy and open way for the President to make his long promised visit to the Pacific Coast this spring, so we might as well get | ready for a grand welcome. THAT COLONIST RATE. | A 1 OTICE is out that all the overland roads will N follow the Southern Pacific’s suit and give a low rate for colonist, or settler, excursions | from Missouri River points. This will include all the | lines to Oregon and Puget Sound points, and will re- | sult in a large amount of cheap travel. What its | effect upon the increased settlement of the sectiok in- | tended to be favored will be remains to be seen. cess ofvery desirable population. With the excep- tion of Southern California no part of the Pacific i Coast has heretofore Leen exploited by the railroads. | The method now adopted-has long been used for the %Iyencfit of all the country between the Great Lakes | and the Rocky Mountains, and has been a prime fac- | tor in rapidly developing a population of many | millions. The cheap rates to the coast will not | produce as large a population of settlers to the “ whole travel as in the case of that territory, | because the scenery and the glamour of romanca on this coast will induce a large num- | ber of the merely curious to take a cheap excursion for merely sightseeing purposes. In the prairic States there were fo sights to see, and cheap rates to them | carried only those who went for the practical purpose of bettering their condition by settling and making homes. But, canceling out the sightseers, we should still receive a great many permanent settlers, and if they are properly guided to make good purchases and their lot with us proves happy they will make a large body of useful missionaries for California who will continually attract hither their old friends and ncigh- bors in the East. This matter &f proper location ani | future contentment should be the object of every Californian who comes in contact with these new- comers. This State is not peculiar in the instances of land-sharking that have injured it. The settlement of a splendid colony of Hollanders on hard pan land near Merced, in which many honest people lost ail they had, is something for which the State should never ceasc to blush. Mindful of that evil deed and its sorry results, we say frankly to all intending settlers: Be careful when yon buy land, and don’t buy at all until you know the qual- ity of the soil and its adaptation to the use to which you intend to put it. Don't believe any story you hear ‘abbut roast pigs running around this State begging people to cat them. While it is true that the con- diticns of life and toil are easier here than in the ex. treme summer and winter climate of the Fast, it is also true that faithful labor, guided by intelligence tect her from Russia; and will get as much satisfac- | and knowledge, is just as necessary to success- here tion as would be obtained by a man who went to the | as it is anywhere. ph Lropist of a firm and asked for - protection against the wicked partaer. ’ So far this cheap travel has produced ;o appreciable results because of a strange oversight of the Southern | FRANCISCO ‘CATL, | There is no reason why it should not produce an ac- | : /) Pacific people. The cheap tickets have been sold to. San Francisco and Los Angeles with no stop: over privilege. The holder can come right through to this city, but he will fidd the farm lands of San Fran- cisco all taken up. The ranches on Market street and Russian Hill are not for sale. These tickets should have stopovers at Sacramento, Stockton, Fresno and Bakersfield, at Modesto, Mer- ced and Tulare. More than one of the great ranches in the Sacramento Valley is now being cut up for sale in small tracts on favorable terms. The quality of the soil is known and the climate is there to speak for itself. The parties interested are ready to meet these tourists and take them up the valley, but ib they leave the train they sacrifice their transportation to San Francisco, which they are unwilling to do. Desirable foothill lands can also be reached from Sacramento, while from Stockton and other San Joaquin Valley points the very desirable lands of that great valley can be rcached. What can be more use- ful to California than a chance to see the orange orchards of Butte and Tulare counties; and the irri- | gated lands around Fresno, Visalia, Hanford and Eakersfield? Yet without stopovers these tourists can cce none of this. They can come to this city, ses Chinatown and want to die, but as far as any purpose useful to the State is concerned they might as well have stayed in the March mud east of the Missour: River, ) R —— McKINLEY AND HIS CABINET. RESIDENT McKINLEY has been fortunate p in being able to retain for his new term of oi- fice all the members of his Cabinet with one exception, that of Attornéy General Griggs, who, while consenting to remain for the present, has nounced an intention to retire in April. The coun- try will be well satisfied with the continuance qf the former Cabinet in office, and it is hardly necessary to gay that to the President himself the matter must be one of great gratification. : It is not an easy task to bring together a Cabinet whose members work harmoniously together and arz one and all acceptable to the public by reason of their administrative ability and popular sympathies. Dur- ing the early part of his first term the President had | proof enough of the difficulty of the task. For one | cause or another his Cabinet underwent many and frequent changes, and as a consequence the work of ! administration was impeded and unsettled in many respects. It will be remembered that in the office of Secrc- tary of State Sherman gave way to Day, and the lat- | ter soon retired, to be followed by Seccretary Hay. In the office of Attorney General McKenna gave way to Griggs. Postmaster General Gary retired after a comparatively short time and was succeeded by Smith. The Interior Department passed from the contro! of Bliss to that of Hitchcock, and in the Wa* Department Alger gave way to Root. Thus during is first term McKinley had three Secretaries of State, two Secretaries of War, two Secretaries of the In-- terior, two Postmasters General and two Attorneys General. After such experience the public can well understand why the President should be eager to re- tain with him for the coming four years the men whom he has tried in office and found to be at once harmonious and efficient. To the people also will the reappointment of the former Cabinet be gratifying. The work of each of the officials has been as pleasing to the public as t» the President. The administration of the great de- partments of state has been carried on with singular cuccess. There has been no scandal nor any sign of | weakness in any department. - Public business has | Been attended to with zeal and intelligence. The pub- lic welfare has been carefully guarded, and progress and improvement have been made along all lines of governmental work. It is therefore a matter for gen- eral congratulation that the new administration is to be in almost every respect the same as that which has given the country so much prosperity in the past. e senmre, vy an- i BIG BASIN PARK ROM Sacramento comes the cheering report I::‘thnt the passage of the bill designed for the preservation of the great redwood forest in th: Big Basin of the Santa Cruz Mountains seems now to be well assured. 1t is to be hoped the bill will not be defeated, sidetracked or overlooked in the rush of | the closing days of the session. It is & measure of | great importance to the State, since it aims at preserv- ing for generations to come one of the chief glories | | of California—one of the forest wonders of the world, | | Civilization, with its work and waste, its enterprise ;ard its recklessness, is rapidly stripping the Pacific | Coast of the mighty trces that have excited the won- cer of all trayelers and the admiration of scientists ever since they were first made known to civilized | men. With each succeeding year the sweep of de- struction by ax and saw and fire becomes wider, and the forests are vanishing alinost like smoke. Tt is time that something Le done to conserve the forests as a whole and to save the remaining groups of giant trees so that they may serve as great parks for recrea- tion and for instruction for all time to come. In all the wide world there is no forest that bette: deserves preservation than that of the Big Basin, Even if it were remote from human habitation it | would still be worth leeping as a natural marvel, and when once its beauties were made known thousands of people would travel many miles for the purpose of passing a holiday amid its groves, It happens, how- | ever, that the forest, o far from being remote, is al- most at the gates of San Francisco. It is near the center of the population of the State, In 4 time not far distant it will be accessible to a million people for nse as a holiday ground to which they can go and return within a day. Such being the case, the argu- ment for its preservation is irresistible. | | | i | Bills appropriating money for the University of Pennsylvania now before the Legislature of that State aggregate more than $600,000, and it is said the prospects are that all of them will pass. Evidently [PAPE | other organs, | slower, the the people of that Stare do not believ‘ in waiting for millionaires to do everything for them. They know how to do big things for education without asking Carnegic. oAl e . H The excitement caused by the discovery of arsenic ir beer sold in and around Manchester is said to have started the biggest “swear off” movement on' record in the British islands. Unfortunately, however, the movement, while abandoning beer, tends _ steadily toward whisky and does not help the temperance cause to any extent. When Senator Tom Carter writes his memoirs or takcs.to the lecture platform it is to be hcped he will explain why he talked down the river and harbor ap- propriation bill. It was none oi his funeral. As the war tax reductions provided by Congress are to go into effect July 1 we can celebrate our frec- dom from stamp taxes on the glorious Fourth with more than usual exultation, ) RS. ON CURRENT TOPICS PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR THE SAN FRrANcISCO CALL. D. C An Interesting Study of How and When to| _ Sleep so as to Contribute Most to Perfect Health. By Dr. Charles L. Dana. COPYRIGHT, 1901. JII-SLEEP AND SLEEPLESSNES3 It would be impressive if 1 could begin by saying that insomnia, like Insanity and nervous prostration, is on the Increase. it is my impression that such is the cas:, but how difficult to prove it! Insomnia is a minor symptom, not an infectlous dis- ease, and therefore does not get into the health reports. But it is one symptom o insanity. which dizease seems to be slight- ly increasing, and alsu of nervous pros- ;rfi:lou. .:hout 'I:EQH notmlh was hur‘dl orty years . s cau overwor —and Amefl‘c’:‘v’: overwork. It 1: caused by excessive smoking, and we use more t>- bacco every year per capita. It Is caused by those changes In the arterfes which i come on in advanced- ite, and, the life of the modern man being longer, we have more hard arteries than we used to have. It is a symptom of the mervous constilu- ‘tution, and the nervous constitution—to say nothing of nervousness about the con- stitution—is gnm[ 1 evidence nowadays. It is a malady of the town rather than of the country, and our population is be- coming an urban one. Seventy years ago there was none of the so-called sleep- producing d’“" whicih are now retailed across every druggist's counter. In the old days the only things which could be to produce sleep were opium, whicn i \g(;d is\dangerous and uncomfortable; henbane and hemp, ill-smelling real use. are uncertaln, and she which , which are of litue nervi new, col drug'is being evolved from the laboratory and explofted in the medical journals. This could hardly be the case unless there were a great number of persons Wwio wanted something to make them sleep. So that it seems a reasonable conclusion that people do not sleep now quite as we'l @s their grandfathers used to do. 1 am not, however, a pessimist in regard to th2 future on this point. Being an intelligent people we will In time discover that ia- somnia is a bad thing to have and that the struggle for subsistence and success cannot be carried onsif a person does not sleep; and consequently measures will be taken to adjust ourselves to the situation so.that this unpleasant condition will be gradually . diminished—in other words, while we may have more insomnia for the next half century eventually we will probably learn how to live so that there will be less of it. Mental Activity and Insomnia, Besides, the coming man, apart from any question of sleep disorder, will prob- ably obtain less sleep. The more highiy organized and specialized structureés have to keep awake more In order to maintain the delicacy of the equilibrium. At the present time the feats of normal continu- ous mental activity bave been done by men of the higher brain type. Napoleon had not slept for three days when he reached Paris after Waterloo. He could, it is sald, go without sleep almost indefi- nitely. And one reads of many similar feats of persistent vigilance among men of great and active talent. Insomnia and a tendenty to short hours of sleep are more common among brain workers, etpectally among the intellectual and ar- tistic type as distinguished from those of administrative and executive powers. As the organism becomes more settled In its habits, more automatic and machine-like in its ‘work, it gets more rest. (But the world fs not getting into this state, among the progressive - races. Indeed, races that do not suffer from insomnia are cither at a standstill or are dying out. All the organs of the body do thefr work more or less rhythmically and sleep is the resting phase of the brain’s rhythm. takes up one-third of each twenty-four hours. Some organs, like the heart, rest half the time, the lungs x little more than half: the healthy stomach has about the same amount of leisure, The brain may thus be considered as compared with to be worked overtime. But sleep 1§ rot alone a perfod of rest | for the brain: all the organs of the body share it in a measure, The heart beats more slowly and quietly; the breathing {is algo slower: the temperature of the body is less, and the chemical changes of nutrition slacken. How Sleep Clears the Brain. Sleep not only supplies rest; it is the time when the circulatory organs, the veins, arterfes and lymphatics, put in a speciil kind of work and in a way scour and clean up, carrying off the waste pro- ducts accumulated during the day’'s ac- tivity. For during the day the brain cells are " continually undergoing chemicul changes. The Tesults of these changes accumulate. They are called “fatigue- products™ and thelr pregence in the brain causes a feeling of weariness and drowsi- ness. During sleep :hese cell changes are l0od vessels. carry off the fatigue-products, sc that the bratn awakens with decks cleared for action During sleep there is less blood in the brain. The amount js always less than during the waking life, but it varies a good deal, A slighi nolse, a strong odor, a pinch of the skin--all send a little more blood to the brain, though the sleeper may not be awakened by If. This scastive. ness of the circulation I8 necessary. It is a sort of protection to the sieeper from passing into actual lethargy. Just as the sleeping person awakens the brain be- comes Knr a momen: particularly poor in blood, ind hence the moment of waking, especlally 1t accompanfed by a sudden movement, makes one conrused, dizzy or faint. I have Known persons who were startled from sleep and who jumped to thelr feet to fall in a faint. Sound Sleep and Early Rising. Sleep grows deeper for about an hour from the time of its-beginning, then re- mains about the same r two or three hours, then gradually grows lighter. Sleep I8 always deeper when the sleeper 18 In the dark and (o a less extent when there are no freitating sounds or odors. Sleep fn the daytime, as tested by physio- logteal - experiment, is about one-third Hghter than sloep at night, The fact that sleep fn better In the durk s a basis of In in the common beliet Lefore midnight than . Those who get more sleep before the morning Hght uu\e nolses begin to en- ter thelr rooms get betier sleep. Under proper precautions, Lowever, good sieep San be hwd i the ey tme, and T do not find that Journallwin for example, who have to take thelr weep in the morning, suffer particularly from Insomnia. The early-to-bed and early-to-rige habit has a physlological bawis, ut It may be over- done, and it 13 not especially adapted to urban habits of work, The farmer who rises at 4 o'clock’in the morning can go and milk his cows and attend to the allied duties, but in cities the period from 4 to 7 o'clock s a rathur cold and profitless one, not compensated for by the risin of the sun, the singing of the birds ol other like “‘gawds,” as Charles Lamb calls them. The more scrious side is that as the early riser passes middle life he finds that the tendency to wake early ig ac- centuated, so that he begins to suffer from morning insomnia. - I | again. ‘to discourage the rural disciples of an anclent creed. Amount of Sleep Required. Sleep is most essentlal in the two ex- tremes of life. The new-born infaut sl most of the time, or ought to. Up to 10 the child should sleep about twelve huur:l: !rnmtao l:“ l‘)“;l: mufiu‘mn&a oe ten hours; e n shoul along with elght hours, and in old .':o six or seven hours is enough at night, though a nap during the day is helpful. Woman, it is . needs an hour mo sleep than man, but on the other hani =he seems to bear the loss of sleap better than man. These rules are subject to a good many varfations. I have known a man of fine 2 Sarepaaee SIS ety 11+ wenty- lfm.fi. the cther e rake .eflmg nap ey {nt a chance. can go without sleep just -as long as he can go withont food. that is, twenty to fofty da: But peo- ple eannot narily go wit ‘sleso for serlous eeD e are mitiapen, . oY do ot It | ave not said | enough, I hope, to extenuate indolence or | Persons of nervous temperament do not sleep quite so_much as those of the op- posite type. This is true, though not uni- formly s0, of nervous children. It must mean’ that this class of persons does not need quite so much sieep. The repara tlon powers are greater; the tissues bulld ,\llgI sooner; the circulation is more active. ey work more quickly and rest more quickly. Nevertheless, this class needs the sleep it gets even more than others, and it Is especially important that it gets into regular habits of taking sleep. hid such people lose sleep they eventually break down and easily get to suffering from sleeplessness. is is a warning which parents of nervous children shou! take. People sleep more, and more pro- B o altituden. . The tahabiiants udes. :?dbl-(lh dry e ke the Colorado , dry reglons, . li] , windy re- plateau, or simply v m::'y - ms, like those of ota orthwest, suffer from.insomnia. Going to Sleep and Avoiding Dreams. The theory of the cure for sleeplessness is based on these facts: The great nerv- ous centers of the braim are Mn‘g”con- stantly battered by stimull from the va- rious sense ol the viscera and the internal ldmul! of stored up thoufht and feeling. These nerve centers rest in sleep by securing as far as ru&ble a respite from these irritations. Shut out from the spinal cord, for example, impulses to make its centers act and it sleeps. This is at once accomplished ‘):{ lyinghfln on the back and keeping quiet. ut out from the conscious mind the stimull, from the eyes, the ears, the nose and as far as possible from the skin and viscera, and there comes a tendency to sleep. The ex- iment was triéd on a young man who Baa lokt all his senses but hearing. By stopping his ears with wax he would at once fall to sleep. Now we can exclude all these irritations fairly well, and ordi- narily it is done when one goes to bed. Unfortunately, we cannot control the in- ternal stimull of thought and feeling and not always those of extrinsic origin. So worry or the desire to golve problems in affairs or disorders of the body keeps the sleepless man tossing on his bed. But to exclude the sensory stimull from the brain as far as possible is the object which Is aimed =t. / We owe it to a dream that Galen be- came a physician; that Esculapius pre- scribed dates for consumption, and that | more important events of history took | lace. There are to-day persons who be- | ieve in the significance of dreams and | others who get perhaps esthetic feelings | out of them. But I consider that dreams | on the whole are unhealthful and that perfect sleep is dreamless. Dreaming is | no doubt more common now and less af- | fects the fmagination than it used to do. The cult of Esculapius for sixty years was based on the production of dreams, which his followers to-day seek to abol- ish altogether. Dreaming is usually a matter of Indigestion, pain or worry, and | it occurs in the lighter phases of sleep— | that is to say, at its beginning or ending. | How to Get Sound Sleep. Sleep is not affected by the, magnetic currents of the earth, and one sieeps équally well with his head to the north | pole or south pole, and with the bed on | glass castors or on copper conducting rods, with the feet free or connected by a wire to a pail of ice water, as advised by the exploiters of a certaln proprietary s it Persons sleep best in the positions most comfortable to them. Most persons sieep on the side, and oftener the right side, but people with “livers” are inclined to | sleep on the left side and those with irri- table hearts on the right side. Some | physi advise those who have oor blood to sleep without a pillow and those of plethoric habit to sleep with the head | well raised. 'The popular idea that sleep- ing on the back causes bad dreams has | some justification in fact. Young chil- dren, dccording to Henoch, a learned Ger- man’ authority, ought to sleep, and gen- erally do, with thelr arms bent and held to the sides so that the hands are near the chin, somewhat in the position as- sumed during Intra-uterine life. There are many forms of sleep disturb- ances, but the term “insomnia,” or sleep- lessness, is the most common and dis- tressing and includes most of the others. The coming man must bave sound. rest- ful sleep or he will not be able to do his work. To sleep well is largely a matter of | habit and the most important thmfi for | a man to do wko is starting in life if he | Wishes to avoid insomnia Is to form the | habit of going to bed at a certain time and get his body to expect sleep at that time. How Insomnia Is Produced. Insomnia is often brought on by the practice of working at night and following this up by reading late into the night. Far be it from me to deery too unspar- | ingly a habit which brings much p\eas'urc1 and intellectual enrichment into life. The ractice of late reading Is not so bad f it is temperately indulged in. Twent or thirty minutes devoted to some worl Which quiets the mind, pleases the fancy or adds a little-store to knowledge may be helpful. Ptolemy, king of Egypt, was ad- vised ‘‘to use honest actlons during the day and have divine and celestial medita- tions {n the evening,” and it makes a rescription for sieep. Amiel's Journal, ;:mer n, “‘Sartor Resartus,” St. Augus- tine, Marius the Epicurean and the Iyrics of the Bible are good to prepare for sleep. ‘And if any one were to repeat Sir Thomas HBrowne's praedormitial prayer or Wo worth's sonnet a few times he would not only want to sleep but have to do so. But to read Anthony Hope or “The Three Guardsmen™ or the popular novels of ad- venture of the day or polemics or deep philosophy leads to Insomnia and very un- ut and dysonelric nights. There are oss serious works that may be used. such 1d and quieter type of novel or the Barcyvalume history of bgoks Of lelsurers travel. have a list of sleep-inducing works which Is too long to insert here; besides, each must find his own. Working at night is bad for those who have a tendency to imsomnia. Happily by this practice is largely counteracted the not altogether altruistic attitude of the wife, who claime nowadays as a right a certain portion of her husband's time and soclety. 1 presume that tobacco and coffee are the only substances in ordinary use which tends to cause insomnia. A man finds out for himself very soon wnether he is being harmed by these things. Alcohol. except in excess, is not a cause; indeed, the hearty feeders and moderate drinkers gen- erally sleep well, the hearty feeding being the main factor. A little food at night often promotes sleep, especially in the aged. Be Happy and Avoid Worry. Tt is easy gx gdvise against worry, but T know_of nd means of utilizing the ad- vice. Still, worry causes sleeplessness more than any other single thing and to be happ{ is a_very cure cure for bad nights. I must leave it to the economists, the clersy an1 the cultivators of life's | vernal equinox, pure and clear, grain rain; ANSWERS TO QUERIES. FAIR'S WILL—A. B. C..‘:rl‘l’l- cr.dL The will vide for & guard- lan t’o‘:’rhls .of "c-fl:'.n"“ ‘The estate was placed In the care of trustees. - ESTATES--Subscriber, Livermore, Cal. For the Information desired about estates under the Holland domain communicats with Baron W. F. A. Gevers, Envoy Ex- traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary frcm The Netherlands, at Washington, R PIECE—C. A. L., Val- | fey Ford, Cal. A five-dollgr plece of 1839 1s not one of the colns fn’mlch dealers offer a premium. Coins of denomina- tion of that lssue may be purchased from dealers for $7 5. That gives an idea of the market price. NOT EXEMPT—Quartz Miner, Quartz, Cal. The fact that a resident of the State of California of poil tax age served in the Spanish-American war and was hon- orably discharged does not exempt him from the payment of poll tax in this Stata ror from the payvment of county taxes. LARGEST ORCHARDS—Inquirer, City. It 15 sald that the largest orchard in tha United States is the Pa orehard In Kings County, New York. Its area is 11, acres. If any reader of this depart- ment knows of any larger orchard and will advise the fact will be published. DATES OF DEL MONTE-W., Citr The Del Monte Hotel, at Monterey, was opened June 19, 1%0. The bullding v Lestroyed by fire Apeil 1. 1887, It reop | ‘December 9, 18§7. ‘The first Fourth of J ball was given there in July, 1880. Thers is no record that there ever was an ex- plosion in the hotel. THE BRITISH FLAG—A. S, City. It A’s prediction on the 2d of February, 109, was that “the British flag would wave over the Boers' possessions in South Africa within a year,” and he meant ail of their possessions, he is.out on his pre- diction, but if his prediction was that “the British flag would wave over t Boers’ possessions,” then ev that he was right. COLLECTING POLL TAX-W. W. C., Berkeley, Cal. Under the provisio ot section SS;:' and of section 3847 an As- sessor- or his deputy may collect poll ta; by the seizure and sale of any &m.—uf: property owned by the y from whom the tax is demanded and the sale of such poperty :t}l;eththplrn;l!nt of the tax may mad T thres hours’ verbal ] of the time and place. o BETWEEN RELA’ 1d, City. The following Is the law of California om :'hveun'!gjzct of T;m'fi':‘m between rela- at are void: * tween parents and children, ancesiors aad dor scendants of every degree, and between brothers and sisters of the half as well as of the whole blood, apd between uncles and nieces or aunts and nephews ars in- cestous and vold from the bemmning, whether the relationship s legitimate of fllegitimate.” BY HOOK OR CROOK—J. W. B., Oak- land, Cal. Thers is no certainty as to the origin of the phrase, “By hook or crook.” In Marsh’s Library, Dublin, there is a manuseript written in the seventeenth century by Dudley Loftus, a descendant of Adam Loftus, Archbishop of Armagh in which there 13: ~1172. Eing Henry I landed in Ireland this year on St. Luke's ve, at a place in the bay of Waterford, beyond the fort of Duncannon on the Munster side, at a place called ye Crook, over agt the tower of ye Hook; whence arose the proverbe to gayne a thing by hook or by crook, it being safe to gayne land in one of those piaces when the winde drives from the other.” Another version is that anciently the poor of a manor in England were allowed to go into the woods to gather deadwood. They were allowed to cut off dead branches with a billhook or to pull down by means of a crook any dead branches that otherwise would be above their reach, This custom is said to antedate the landing of King | Henry II in Ireland. CHINESE CALENDAR~F. J. R, City. | How far back the Chinese calendar runs | man knoweth not, for the early annals | of the Chinese empire belong to mythol- | o8y rather than to history. The histori- cal period commenced with the Hal, be- | M there was 4 calendar simi the present date whem Yu took charge. A Chinese year contains efther thirteen or twelve months. In flve successive years there are five intercalary months. ere is no distinet name for each month, but a month has always twenty-nine or thirt days. Every year has four seasons, eac season being divided into six perio named chaik (joint) and khe (breath), as follows: First chaik, first khe. second khe, second chaik, third khe and fourth khe. Each of these has a significance in each season. In spring it is: Commence ment of spring, rainwater, excited worms, summer—commencement of _summer. small fall, bearded grain, summer soltice, small heat, eat heat; autumn—com- mencement of autumn, gatbering heat, white dew, autumnal equinox, cold dew, descending of frost; winter—commence~ ment of winter, small snow, great snow, winter solstice, small cold, great cold. In the course of fifteen or siXteen days after great cold comes the commencement of Spring. One of the rules observed by the imperial calendar makers is never to al. low the chaik of the winter solstice to occur either in the tenth or the twelfth month. When it falls very near the last day of the eleventh month, then the next year must be an iIntercalary one. A CHANCE TO SMILE. Daughter—Yes, he proposed to me—and made me just shudder! Mother—Why, he has a falr income and is_quite respectable. Daughter—Ah, but, mamma, how could 1 entrust my whole future to a man se reckless and improvident as to want ta marry ?—Life. ““Where's the servant?’ asked Mr. Cal- lowjoy. “"I’ glsehl.r‘ed her,” answered his wife apprehensively. 'What did she do?" “She took her wages and went away without a word.” “H'm. I wonder if we hadn't better try and get her back. Anybody as gentle and obedient as that ought to prove a jewel'™ —Washington Star. Young Mother—Do you think baby looks most like me or his papa? Nurse—Like you, mum. Mr. Jenkins is a mighty handsome man. -A_competent Tit-Bits. ‘Advertisement: ‘‘Want: and well-mannered nurse. Fo I never saw my wife come out second best exdept once, and that was with a little insignificant-looking chap who took pictures. Bass—And how was that? Fogg—She pitched into him for not hav- ing some proofs ready when he promised. Fle pleaded the weather and sickness, but it was no use—it only made her bully-rag him the more. Finally a look of despera- tion came into his face. " he sald, “if you say another word I'll finish up these pictures to look like you."--Bos- ton Transcript. “Didn't you start out with a fl:y called “Turned Adrift?" " asked the friend. “We did,” replied the eminent tragedian "Bt wa, couian't e "%y body 1o Roat “put_we_ couldn any 1t."-] napolis o practical philosophies to deal with these eeplessness alarms many people, find, because they think it a plyl:‘plflu} of impending brain trouble or indicates the outset of insanity. This is a foolish notion which often does much harm. In- somnia is no more a symptom or fore- dyspepsia. It 1s, to be sure, sometimes a serfous symptom in insanity, but one sees {n hundred sieepless people ‘who are not and never become insane to one who does | At hie GRS Iel Shieh mare shaathEd mark his es much mo; e R e o 1 ere are no g rugs for in, and Lh: world woul(ld be beh!!er if :oemfl: none of our many modern i Dest cure after direct causes are romoing is long exposure to the fresh air in the right kind of climat o .e’ notl;hove‘ 1:00 ‘teel o,r. :e to ¢ point of mue] 't does | help sleep. especially in tho.le":;o are ':;?ll no'twl'rymey .:I“nu" o.mr e eans a I8 often asserted to be. @ As the coming man Is likel; sleep but to need it more, it ers to be careful. Ing hablts and if the mo drugs to correct ti and blowi TY dry. oy- c, as it hooves Get into good ‘are dlsturbes obs e disturbance. warning of insanity that is headache or | SOTeTY St 6 get jess | MONthS spent in studying arithmetic, Cholce candies, Townsend's, Palace Hotel.® —_————— Cal. glace fruit 50¢ per Ib at Townsend's.® —_——— bmfl hlntormttlgn supplied dally to usiness houses and public men by the Press Clipping Burcau (Allen's). 510 inn!- ‘elephone Main 1042. > The perfumers of Rome lived in a spe- clai quarter set apart for their use, and whole streets were filled with their shops, hat | which were lounging places for wealthy tly | young nobles. —_——— Cheap to Bakersfield. The Santa Fe will sell you a ticket to Bakers- are removed | Meld and return et the very low rate of $10. Good to leave San Francisco March 0th, Side e—that u_'}: rides to the Kern County ofl weils at very low rates. Sccure your sleeping car reservations not | end make ail arrangements at the company's not | otfice, 641 Market street, or at Ferry depot. —_————— A thoroughly equipped night school. A tow keeping, shorthand end penmanship - Business College Night School will fit young