The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, January 18, 1901, Page 7

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY. JANUARY 18, 1901. you have u have ices as we are asking, us notice to vacate, so we retire for good. A I T T AT <y for grown folks at the usual price of children’s a chance to buy shoes at a gen- even less chance of buying good The Mutual Sav- is exteasive and buy your shoes at half- less ia some toe button Here are just 2 few shoes, hand-welted, the well- instances. $3.30 shoes, price cut to $2.10 h of the many things you can buy with this $1.40 s’ satin quilted Romeos in blue, white, pink, black reduced from $2.00 to $1.10 es’ golf boots in box calf ess of the price, they go d d, regular $3.50 shoes, $2.15 sh Men's waterproof se: $5.00, now to be closed ou oes, such as are sold generally for for $2.60 Men's light fine dress sh oes in Vi $2.15 g00 ne ds greatly reduced; also rubbers down; slippers and house goods—in store— has been reduced to sell them safe and store ladders, for sale. We close at 6 p. m. and on Saturdays at 11 p. m. The KO mfort 4 Marketst AMUSEMENTS. «TIVOLI» NIGHTS LAST NIGHTS ! ¥ NGS at §. MATINEE SATURDAY at 1 INDERELLA! Y NEXT-Perfect Production of “THE FENGING MASTER.” LAR PRICES 25 and 50 cents. Telephone—Bush 9. THE ORPHEUM'S BIGGEST SHOW YET. SAM LOCKHART’S BABY ELEPHANTS! NE O'ROURKE AND COMPANY. Five Olracs, J. F. Crosby Jr., Company, the Willy . Bettine Gerard. ICAN BIOGRAPH. Saturday and Bunday seats now. ek. MATINEE RDAY) A STR STRANGE LAND 1 laugh DE MOROSCO’S GRAND OPinA HOUSE MATINEES SATURDAY AND SUNDAY. LAST B NIGHTS. Henry Ar Famous Play, R Performance that I A; o the Refined and 15 , 5oc. Rows in_ Orchestra. 75 Cents. Good Reserved Seats in Orchestra at All Mat- inees, 25 Cents. Branch Ticket Office, Bmporium. Coming—Bernhardt and Coguelin BLe ALY THEATRE LAST THREE NIGHTS. LAST MATINEE TO-MORROW, Saturday. A Few Front FLORENCE ROBERTS | Next Week—The Pretty Comedy, SWEET LAVENDER, Prices RACING! RACING! RACING! %)—WINTER MEETING—1%1. CALIFORNIA JOCKEY CLUB. 1 JAN. 19, INCLUSIVE. KLAND RACETRACK Y, Thurs- shine. tart at 3 . S # leave San Francisco at 12 m. and 2, 2:3 and 3 p. m. connecting at the entrance to the s on train reserved for smoking. Buy your 1. All trains via fan Pablo avenue Broadway. Oak- iameda mole con- th San Pable R avenue cars at Fourteenth and Broadway, Oakland. These electric cars € e track in fifteen minutes R Tre leave the track at 4:15 and 445 p. m. and immediately after thé last race, THOMAS H. WILLIAMS JR., President. R B. MILROY, Secretary. ny, 10c; opera chairs OGUE’S COMEDY, .| FISCHER’S ©© AMUSEMENTS. EnTiae: Phone South 533 NOW THOROUGHLY HEATED WITH STEAM MATINEE SATURDAY AND SUNDAY. LAST THREE NIGHTS. The most brilllant play of the century, The TW0 ORPHANS | Magnificent Scenery, Gorgeous Costumes, ete. Appearance Nightly. Prof. Grasber's Banjo, Mandolin and Guitar Club (100 members). | PRICES Eyeninss_tec, ic, e, 35c, oc. | Matinee—l0c, lbc, 3c. NEXT WEEK--The BEig Melodramatic Suc- | cess. “DARKEST RUBSSIA." | | TWO MORE NIGHTS, MATINED SATURDAY “A BREEZY TIME.” §SEATS NOW ON SALE For the engagement of MRS. FISKE “BECKY SHARP.” ONLY MATINEE SATURDAY. PRICES—$1, 3150, 81 TS, S0c. No reservations by phone, COLUMBIA SAN FRANCISCO'S LEADING THEATRE THIS |[“WAY sexr | DOWN week.| EAST.” HXTRA—SATURDAY AFTERNOON SHERMAN, CLAY & CO.’S HALL, Concert by the Superb Prime Donna Soprano, TREBEL'L | Reserved Seats, $150 and $1, ready at Sher- man & Clay's store. Afternsen |CHUTES AND Z0O 37 BIG VAUDEVILLE SHOW! TO-MORROW AFTERNOON JUVENILE PERFORMERS’ DAY. TO-MORROW NIGHT MONSTER CAKEWALK. Telephone for Beats—Park 2. | | | NCERT HOUSE Admission 10c. | _Oro Bernard and Oro; Marie D. Woods, Sid Baxter, Mlle. Atlantis, Rousell Brothers, J. T. Powers, Edythe Lesly and Others. | Reserved Beats f5o. Matinee Sunday. PALACE and GRAND HOTELS, San Francisco. These hotels pos- sess the attributes that tourists and travelers appreciate —central location, liberal manage- ment, modern ap- pointments a n 4 perfect cuisine. American and Eu- ropean plans. OHS KIDNEY & LIVER s | L b~ {BITTERS A PLEASANT AXATIVE ICATING NOT INTO | SCHOONER IS REPORTED WRECKED - ON THE HEADS AT 'All Hands Supposed to Have Been Lost, and as There Is Some Doubt About Vessel’s Identity Much Anxiety Exists in Shipping Circles. GRAYS HARBOR MYSTERIOUS DERELICT SCHOONER THAT WAS SIGHTED BY THE GERMAN STEAMSHIP EVA ON THE 18TH INST. AND TWO DAYS LATER WAS REPORTED ASHORE ON THE NORTH ENTRANCE TO GRAYS HARBOR BY THE STEAMSHIP FULTON. HERE is considerable mystery about the schooner reported as wrecked off Grays Harbor. Tha stegmer Eva arrived at Astoria on the 16th inst. and reported passing a derelict on January 13. At that time ths Eva was off Grays Harbor and bore down on the abandoned vessel. The latter's name could not be made out, but Captain Pederson said she was painted white and about 150 tons burden. Her masts had | gone by the board and the decks wers {awash.” A heavy storm was raging and |the Eva had to stand “on and off” for | four days hefore attempting to cross the | Columbia River bar. | On the 15th inst. the steamer Fulton | arrtved at Grays Harbor and reported the schooner Swan ashore on the north deck was gone and the vessel was water- logged. According to the report of the captain of the Fulton the Swan was on {her way from Santa Barbara to Puget Sound. The records, however, fail to show | a record of any such vessel. There is a | little_seven-ton sloop called the Swan, | but she could not be the vessel in ques- tion. The wires are down between here and Grays Harbor and Coaquille River and in consequence many of Lhe local owners of | coasters are on the anxious seat to know what vessel it Is that has been lost ‘with all hands. A dispatch to The Call from Santa Bar- bara says that no schooner named Swan sailed from that port. The bark Alden Bease, which left hers | more than a month ago for Honolulu, had a hard time of it after leaving port. She ! reached the islands January 9 and Cap- | tain Potter reports that two days after leaving San Francisco he was caught In a heavy gale and two foresalls and a Jib were carried away. From all quarters comes news of the storm and the end is not yet. S SAN JOAQUIN RISING. Rush Work on Dredgers Wanted to Save Levees. Men are working night and day on a big dredger that was launched from Hay & Wright's yards at Alameda Point last week in order to get it completed. It is for F. H. Wright of Jersey Landing and the owner would pay a big premium could he only have it on the San Jorquin at the resent time. The greater portion of ersey Island is under water. The recent rains have swollen the river and the em- bankments could not stand the pressure. Jersey Landln%'s threatened and in con- | sequence Mr. Wright wants his dredger to_build new levees. ‘Three other dredgers for the Sacramer - to and San Joaquin are now nearire com- pletion and on all of them the work is pro- essing night and day. ‘i ne new dredger | For Mr: Wright Is a duplicats. of ths Golden Gate now at work on the remains of Shag Roca. ———— Zealandia Sails To-Day. The Oceanic Company’s mall steamship Zealandia safls for Honolulu to-day. Among the steerage passengers are sixty- five Portuguese who are going to Hawall to work on the sugar plantations. They are a merry crowd and seem more than delighted over the idea of making money among the sugar cane. One of the cabin passengers on the mail boat. will be Captain F. Mosher, who, seven years ago, was master of the B. P. Cheney. In the interval he has com- manded one of the interisland steamers and now, after a visit to his relatives in the East, goes back to resume his old run betwéen the islands of the group. - Racing to San Francisco. The bark Mauna Ala, barkentine Olym- plc and schooner Rosamond are all out eighteen days from Honolulu and there is considerable wagering on the front as to which vessel will be here first. On the 15th inst, a steamer came M and reported that_a four-masted schooner resembling the Rosamond was outside. The butchers and greengrocers at once rushed fresh supplies out to the vessel. She turned out to be the Lottie Bennert, however, and now much of the stuff is going to waste in Peterson’s boathouse. The general trend of the betting goes to show that the Olympic will win. There would be a gen- eral laugh all round should the old Mau- ua Ala show up in the lead. ———e ‘Water Front Notes. The British steamer Oopack, under charter to the United States Government, B S iy ADVERTISEMENTS. brought to your door. fhu‘%"‘td Frctr: e best par of the best beef by the best pro- cesses. BAJA CALIFORNIA Damiana Bitters 5 A GREAT RESTOKATIVE, INVIGORA- tor and Nervine. The most wonderful aphrodisiac and Special Tonic for the Sexual Organs, for both sexes. The Mexican y for Diseases of the Kid- O ARABER, ALFE & BRUNE. Agents 828 Market st., B. F.—(8end for Circulars.) entrance of the harbor. Everything above | arrived from Manila vesterday. She is a cargo boat and has peen running between the Sound and the Philippines. At Naga- saki her captain got instructions to come to San Francisco to load. The horse transport Lcelanaw also ar- rived from Manila vesterday. She was thirty-eight days makiug the run and | brings no ne She will probably be re- leased this trip and will go into the coal trade again. | The British steamer from South America yesterday with 3700 tons of nitrate. The powder works are short and the cargo will be shipped from Oakland by rail. There is an increasin: demand for nitrate, ncnce the fact that steamers are being used in its transporta- tion instead of sailing vessels. Captain Swanson. the Popular master of | the ship George Skolfield has been pro- | moted to the command of the steel ship Euterpe by the Alaska Packers’ Associa- | tion. The Euterpe loads a cargo of lum- ber here for Australia. | - NEWS OF Tfl OCEAN. The Cape Wrath will load wheat on Colum- bia River for Europe, 43s 34, prior to arrival; the British steamer Glenfarg, wheat and mer- chandise at Tacoma for Europe via Suez. et Departure of the Gaelic. The steamship Gaelic salled Wednesday for Chira and Japan with a general cargo valued at $204,32%6, manifested as follows: For Chi: 1761800 for Japan, $19,747: for Manila, $27, for East Indl for Viadivostok, $i969; tor Siam, $883. SR Shipping Intelligence. ARRIVED. Thursday, January 1. r‘sum' Gipsy, Leland, 21 hours from Monte- 0. Stmr Navarro, Green, 12 hours from Bowe.s Landing Stmr Newsboy, Ohlstrom, 18 hours from Cas- r. par. g Stmr Westport, Ericsson, 42 hours from Re- ondo. Stmr Washtenaw, Zolling, 8 hours from Ta- coma.. Stmr Umatilla, Cousins, 64 hours from Vic- toria and Puget Sound ports. Stmr Whitesboro, Olsen, 17 hours from Green- wood. Stmr Leelanaw, Storrs, 38 days via Mojl 27 d: o S Sy Melntyre, 414 days from Comox. Br stmr Oopack, Barber, 30 days from Ma- nila, via Nagasaki 21 days. Schr Rio Rey, Skipper, 7 days from.Bowens Landing. CLEARED. Thursday, January 1. Stmr Geo W Elder, Randall, Astorla; Oregon Rallroad & Nav Co. 4 Stmr Corona, Glelow, S8an Pedro. Nor stmr Titania, Igenes, Nanalmo; John Rosenfeld’s Sons. SAILED. Thursday, January 17. Alllance, Hardwick, Portland. Robert Dollar, Elletsen, Seattle. Stmr Westport, Ericsson, Eureka. Stmr Del Norte, Allen, Crescent City. Ship Dashing Wave, Lancaster, Tacoma. Br ship Drumburton, Thomas, Seattle, Bark Undaunted, Davidson, Comox. Bktn Benicla, Bowes, Honolulu. Bktn Monitor, Donnelly, Grays Harbor. Schr Ida Schnauer, Sorenson, Port Gamble. Schr Newark, 3 Schr Ocean Spray, Olsen, Iversens Landing. TELEGRAPHIC. POINT LOBOS, Jan 17, 10 p m—Weather cloudy; wind NE, velocity 12 miles. DOMESTIC PORTS. GRAYS HARBOR—Arrived Jan — Newburg, hence Jan 13. o lsnlled Jan 17—Stmr Coronado, for San Fran- etsco. PORT HADLOCK—Sailed Jan 17—Schrs Ban- gor and Laura Madsen, for San Francisco. HILO-—Sailed Dec 30—Bark Annie Johnson, for San Francisco. KAHULUI—Salled Jan 5—Ship Antiope, for Ladysmith; schr Metha Nelson, for San Fran- clsco. PORT TOWNSEND—Sailed Jan 17—8chr For- for Port Pirle: schr Prosper, for Syd- ; schr Robert Lewers, for Honolulu. | Arrived Jan 17—Ger shivs Flottbek and Al- sterdam, from Yokohama. HONOLULU—Arrived Jan 10-Bktn Cheha- from Newcastle, Aus. 17-Stmrs _ Lagkme, Stmr Stmr 1ot UREKA — Balled Jan Santa Ana and San Pedro, for San Franclsco: schr Irene, for Sydney; schr Fortuna, for San Francisco. Arrived Jan 17—-8tmrs North Fork and BEu- reka, hence Jan 1. FORT BRAGG—Arrived Jan 17—Stmr Se- quoia, hence Jan 18, and safled for Mendocino. ASTORIA—Arrived Jan 17—Stmr Willamette, from Oyster Hagbor; schr W I Jewett, hencé Jan 11 Salled Jan 17—Ger bark Alsterufer, Ger ship Willokommen and Ger ship C H Watjen, for Queenstown; bktn Tam o' Shanter, for San Francisco; tug Samson and barge Washtucha in_tow, for San Francisco. PORT LOS ANGELES—Arrived Jan 17—Stmr Mineola, from Nanmaimo. 5 VENTURA—Sailed Jan 17—Stmr South Coast, tor —. SAN PEDRO—Sailed Jan 17—Stmr Luella, for ——: schr Maweema, for Grays Harbor. COOS BAY—Arrived Jan 16—Schr Mary E ?\m!. hence Jan 9; schr Western Home, hence an schr Abble, hence Jan 9. an 17—Schr Gotama. for San Viking, for San Francisco; Emma Utter, for San Francisco. SOUTH 'BEND—Sailed Jan 17—Schrs Orlent schr and_ Repeat, cisco. NEBAH BA out Jan 17—Br shio Yoko, for Queenstos ship Sintram, for San k Highland Light, for Lahaina. FOREIGN PORTS. PAYTA—Arrived prior to Jan 17—Schr Fred J Wood, from Tacoma. YOKOHAMA—Arrived Jan 4—Br stmr Bel- gian King, hence 3 Arrived Jan 16—Jap stmr America Maru, hne Dec. 29 CALLAO—Arrived Dec i—Per bark Blena, from Vancouver. Sailed Jan 16—Br stmr Heatheralg, for San Franciseo. COLON -Arrived Jan 15—Stmr Finance, from New York. Bailed Jan 15—Stmr Alllanca, for New York. HONGKONG—Arrived prior to Jan 16—Stmr City of Rio de Jon.:emm. hence Dec 14; Br atmr % - from Oregon. Sailed Jan S-Br stmr Pak Ling, for Seattle. Francisco; tro; Sailed Jan Jan 15—Br stmr Empress of China, for Van- couver; Br ship Buteshire, for Oregon. SYDNEY--Arrived prior to Jan 11—Bktn John Palmer, from Port Hadlock. E SHANGHAX—PSOAIIQ% Jan ldl—Br ship Alice A_Leigh, for rt Townsend. FALMOUTH—Salled Jan 16—Ger bark Ath. ene, for Antwerp. PILLA- Jan —Arrived 16—Schr James Rolph, from Antofagasta, to load for Vie- NEWCASTLE, Aus—Arrived Jah 17—Schr Condor _arrived | IESSIREN % Kailug. from Noumea, to load for Honolulu. HAVRE—Arrived Jan 15—Ger stmr Herodot. hence Oct 2. | , IQUIQUE—Sailed Jan 15—Br bark Dalblair, for Oregon. 'OCEAN STPAMERS. QUEENSTOW N—Arrived Jan 17—Stmr Corin- thian, from Portland, Me, and Halifax, for Glasgow and Liverpool. MOVILLE—Arrived Jan mr Astoria, from New York, for Glasgow, and proceeded PORTLAND, Me—Satled Jan 17—Stmr Buenos Ayres, for Glasgow. LONDON—Sailed Jan 17—Stmr Minnehaha, for New York; stmr Tanis, from Hamburg and Antwerp, for San Francisco, via South Ameri- can_ports. LIVERPOOI—Sailed Jan 17—Stmr New Eng- 'HOME STUDY CIRCLE XIV. (Introductory Paper.) | For generations Africa has been called | the dark continent. This at the first | glance seems a strange name to appiy to that one of the six divisions of the world which is mainly situated in the | torrid zone and which is more enveloped | in continuous and blazing sunshine than |any other. No part of North Americ: | or Europe or continental Asta extends far | enough southward to reach the equator. in the temperate zone. So also are two- thirds of the island continent Australia. But all Africa, except its blunt southern | extremity, the northern part of its great Sahara and the countries immediately adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, is in- cluded between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. There the rays of sunlight are most direct, the days longest and the | nights shortest. As far as geographic sit- uation is concerned, the shining continent or the luminous continent would appear a more appropriate name. The term “dark” was applied to Africa in consequence of the supposed mental and moral inferfority of its inhabitants. Also it was a portion of the world with which Europeans were little acquainted, and the adjective indicated not so much its condition as the opaque ignorance of forelgners concerning it. Even after the daring expeditions un- dertaken by the Portuguese, Prince Hen- ry the Navigator, it was, except a nar Tow belt along the shore, shrouded in a thick veil of obscurity. If not unknowa- ble, it continued at least unknown. The rest of the globe was becoming familiar, but Africa remained the region of mys- tery and perhaps of marvels. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ad- venturous explorers sought the fountains of the Nile just as in the fifteenth cen- tury they had risked their lives in quest of the kingdom of Prester John ‘The | learned world, credulous of the fabulous, was inclined to distrust any simple and unvarnished tale of travels. A man was credited according as the glowing account of his wanderings and experiences taxed imagination. The Scotchman James Bruce was the foremost African explorer of his time. For twelve years he lived in Africa and pushed farther up the Nile than any European had ever been. But the plain, unadorned account of what he had seen and done was received with al- most universal disbellef. Another travel er, as_daring and perhaps better known, | was Mungo Park. He followed the river Niger through a large part of its course and was finally killed by the natives near Timbuctoo. The Nile and the Niger were on the lips of all geographers. Yot the FOR CALL READERS War Geography of Africa With Refer- ence to the Dark Continent in New Century. Copyright, 19C1, oy Seymour Eaton. , birth of Christ, was the emporium of the | crowded wit | | thrust themselves | the Madeiras and t | are Tesponsible. Southern Mediterranean. For the isolation of Africa from the rest of the world, for its practical inaccessi- bility and for the stagnant condition of African life the physical formation and the geographic situation of the continent These factors have pre- sented invincible obstacles to its progress and development in the past. Centuries hence, when other regions become over population and when man better understands how to grappie with and subdue the forces of nature, these ob- stacles will be reduced to a minimum. South America is of the continents the They will be diminished, If not overcome. one in physical character least dissimi- | But at present, and f lar to Africa, yet more than one-third | future so long as to baffle calculation, of South American territory is situated | ! of a period in the hey constitute almost insuperable bar- riers to advance Some of these obstacles will be rendered evident by a glance at the map. First 10 be noted Is the regular and monotonous contour of the coast bays and ject into t line. Sharp, deep rolonged gulfs nowhere pro- e land. Peninsulas nowhere mto the sea. Conse- quently there is corresponding absence of natural harbors and ports of entr The islands near the c exceedingly few and small the north- Wwest_are there grou the Cana: ape Verdes, and B ¢ | they are distant from one another and | from the shore. The one large African island—Madagascar—is separated from the mainland by a channel broader than the Red Sea, no less than 29 miles in width This is the very opposite of what we observe on the map of Europe. There the contour is Jagged, broken and most irreg- ular. Bays and gulfs mingle in confusion with peninsulas, and all the waters are dotted with hundreds of islands of various size. All other things being equal, the greater the amount of coast line in pro- portion to the included area, the greater that area’s acces: and probability of development. Europe possesses one mile of coast to every IS7 square miles of Africa possesses but one mile s v 137 square miles of ter- ritory. Thus nature has been in this re- gard four times more generous to Europe than to Africa. The character of the coastline no less than its meager proportions is another disadvantage. Throughout its center and south the continent is cne vast plateau surprisingly destitute of mountain ranges. In general the land rises abruptly from the vicinity of the sea or even from its very borders. Lowlands of any consider. able extent lying betwcen the ocean and this Interfor plateau are seldom seen. So the shore, as bebeld from the water, is no less repellent and inhospitable in appear ance than it is in fact. An exception may be noted In that extended northern tract which stretches along the Mediterranean Sea westward toward Morocco. But south of that tract interposes the terrible Great Sahara to cut it off from the life and d tiny of interior Africa. In fact, in thair present relations, as in all their historics land, for Boston; stmr Vancouver, for Port- land, Me. i 5 CHERBOURG—Salled Jan 17—Stmr Auguste | Victoria, from Hamburg and Southampton, for | H New York. | ROTTERDAM—Sailed Jan 17—Stmr Amster- | dam, for Boulogne and New York. NEW YORK—Arrived Jan 17—Steam yacht ! Prinzessen Victoria_ Louise, from Hamburg. | Salled Jan 17-Stmr_ La Champagne, for Havre; stmr Koln, for Bremen. | —Arrived Jan 17—Stmr Sarmatian, rE. CALLAO—Sailed Jan 16—Stmr Heathcralg, tor San Francisco. GENOA-Sailed Jhn 17—Stmr Fuerst Bis- marck, from New York, for Alexandria. SOUTHAMPTON—Sailed Jan 17—Stmr_Au- guste Victoria, from Hamburg, for New York. PLYMOUTH—Sailed Jan 17—Stmr Graf Wal- burg, for New York. led Jan 17—Stmr Ocean- ./ Seattle and_Tacoma.... Japan via. San Diego.. Humboldt | .| Tacom: .. 131 Panama & Way Ports, 3 Santa Roea..... San Diego. TO SAIL. Steamer. Destination. |Salls. _January 18. [Newport 9 am|Pler 11 CHIEF POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF AFRICA. onolulu 2 pm|Pler 7| .[Panama & Way Pts12 m(PMSS | ol ‘[Astoria & Portland|1! | Sumbalit .. } amiPler % | real source of the former, probably the ,associations, the African lands upon the Coquille River 4 pm{Pler 2|longest and most famous river in the | Mediterranean turn their back upon the Jnnuary ' world, was not known till Speke discov- | great division of which they are geograph- Point Arena. Point Arena 3| ered lLake Victorla Nyanza hardly more |ically a part. Egypt, Tunis, Algiers, under Coronado. Grays Harbor . 2/ than a generation ago. It is not five | whatever name, have always been closely Seattle & N Wi 2| years since Lieutenant Hourst, first of | identified with Europe. So are they now. Honolulu x 10 | Buropeans, descended the Niger from| The European rivers are arieries of . Jauuary 20. | Timbuctoo to its mouth. communication and commerce. They pro- oot e S R |5 amiPler 11 | " There is not time to tell of the intrepid | vide the earliest and the most constant zarina.......|Seattle & Tacoma.|l0 amiPier 8| men and women—for some of the most |roads for the traveler and the tradesman. Umatilia. Vietoria & Pt 5d] 8 am|Pler 11 | Runtless _explorers were women—who | The African rivers, on the other hand, ars San Pedro. ... |Humboldt since the birth of persons now alive have | seldom navigable near their mouths. more than doubled mankind’s knowledge | Though thousands of miles in length and of Africa. Less than fifty years ago |of prodigious volume they can rarely be January 22 every map of the unknown continent re- | ascended by a vessel from the ocean. The sembled a gigantic figure 8, the northern | suddenness of their descent as, pouring loop comprising a larger circle than the | down the plateau, they rush to the ocean, southern. Each loop consisted of a fringe | gives rise to Innumerable rapids and cat- =z of land, averaging hardly more than a |aracts and falls. Sandbars often obstruct «|Astoria & Portland hundred miles in width, bounded on its | @pproach to their mouths. Moreover far- AR SR sl § e outer edge by the ocean and shading off | ther inland they are sometimes clogged P e s Tefinitaly toward the interior. The junc- | and rendered well nigh impassable by the January tion of the loops was an ill-defined band | luxuriant vegetation of the tropies. Lofty China and Japan.. danuary 25. North Fork..., Humboldt Hongk's Maz Sun, Moon and Tide. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey— Times wnd Helghts of High and Low Waters at Fort Point, entrance to San Francisco Bay. Published by offictal au- thority of the Superintendent. NOTE—The high and low waters occur at the ity front (Mission-street wharf) about twent five minutes later than at Fort Point; the helght of tide is the same at both places. FRIDAY, JANUARY 13, 57 Loeenbi8 A m. Time Tlme; e [—| e f——| Pt L Wi H W NOTE—In the above exposition of the tides the early morning tides are given in the left d columu and the successive tides of the in the order of occurrence as to time of the third time column gives the last tide of the day, except when there are but three tides, as sometimes occurs. The heights given are in addition to the soundings on the United States Coast Survey charts, except when a minus sign (~) precedes the height, and then the number given Is subtracted from the depth given by the charts. The plane of reference is the mean of the lower low waters. Time Ball. Branch Hydrographic Office, chants’ Exchange, San January 17, 1901 U. B. N., M Francisco,” Cal, On account of a fault In the mechanlsm the time bail was not dropped to-day. C. G. CALKINS, Lieutenant Commander, U. 8. N., in charge. California Limited. No extra charge is made for riding on the California Limited of the Santa Fe, although the superiority of the service Is reaily worth sumething more. . | reaching from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean. The varfous territories or states along this band were vaguely indicated, but the space inside each loop was hardly mare than an enormous blank dotted at intermediate points with a few uncertain ames. 9 The revelation of Africa during the last half-century was the work of David Li ingstone more than of any other man, al- most more than of all other men. From 1849 to 18 with exhaustless energy and courage, he traveled in every direction through its trackless interior. He was the firey Buropean to cross the continent. He now sleeps in Westminster Abbey. No man better deserves a final resting place | in that mavsgleum of statesmen and ben- efactors of humanity. Yet notwithstanding all that Living- have accomplished; notwithstanding that burning human passion impels to discov- ery and exploration; notwithstanding the genius of missionary ardor and commer- Cial enterprise which no obstacie can dis- courage, Africa is still the dark conti- nent. However large our knowledge of it to-day may seem in rnmg:mnn with the little men knew of it in the past, the sum total of present information is small and much of it uncertain compared with what we know of the other great divisions of . mfingrl&?nm-u Diaz aiscovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1436. Columbus landed at Watlings Island in 1482. Hence by a strik- ing coineldence Africa was rounded and the eastern verge of America laid bare at almost the same time. Yet in the four centuries since the relative development of the two continents presents a remark- able contrast. Already in its civilization America has rivaled Enm){«, In some of their achievements its inhabitants of European origin have surpassed the an- cient countries from which thelr ancestors came. On the other hand, Africa in point of fact has ‘remained stationary. The colonial settlements planted at rare inter- vals along the shore and the parceling out of its territory among the western states have made scant impression on the great mass of the continent. Till a very recent date its chief activity has been the pro- duction of slaves and its chief indust the slave trade. raw materials whic| now filter to the coast for exportation are the same as when Carthage, before the stone and his predecessors and followers | s rise here and there upon the pia- eau, but seldom as paris of one continu- ous chain. Except the Atlas Mountains there are few ranges to constitute the boundaries of weil defined and compre- hensive watersheds, so few of the rivers ursue their course In one fixed direction. ly after swinging around in enormous circles and after having flowed north, east, south and west, dc the Congo aad the Niger find their way to the shore. Also innumerable rivers in the Interlor never approach the coast, but bury them- selves in !mmense lakes formed in the dx:hu;euloni of the greai plateau. e fact that it was mainly situated in the torrid zone was a further and haps the most effective obstacle to the Jevelop. ment of Africa. Hyvothetical achieve- ments have been ascribed to who lived on or near the equator, but at best they have left nothing permanent behind them. As a general iaw where the soil is most exuberant man thrives least. Yet man less than any other animal is at- fected by climate. More than any othe: he can adapt himself to circumstance and protect himself against extremes of beat and cold. Peoples indigenous to the troplcs have always succumbed to tha enervating influences which surrounded them. Whether the same result would be seen mong the descendants of Bu- ropeans who from their ancestors in the temperate zome had inherited a higher and more virile civilization is a present a problem. The experiment has, Indeed, been tried, but only In_a few localities and on a limited scale. It has not as been sufficiently tried tu warrant a dei ite answer. Upon the determination that problem depends the future of Afrf ca. But it will require centuries for Its solution. Fifty years ago barely 500,000 square miles of African terntory acknowl ‘European grwfl—tnrnhlp\ Sinee then the coutinent has been divided among the JTE g dozen men might divide a Jarm. Thus more than 10,000,000 square miles of African territory have bmb“:?- propriated.” Moroceo. Abyssinfa, Li a and a part of the unbounded Sahara ars the only regions whici some fbreign state does not look upon as its own. It will be of Interest in a subsequent pap-* to con- sider the relations of these iuropean claimants and to investigate the mne outcome. EDWIN A. G Amberst College.