The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, January 11, 1901, Page 7

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, JANUARY 11, 1901, ADVERTISEMENTS. A SOUR STOMACH Is Often the Real Cause of a Sour Temper. { | | That the condition of the digestive or- gans has a marked effect upon the char- acter or disposition is a’truism as old as the hills. Old Ben Johnson wisely said | “the pleasure of living depends upon the énother Great Orpheum Show ! — liver,” and it is a fact which none may T OLRACS, BETTINA GERARD, | dispute that a sunpy _disposition more OSBY JR EZ FORMAN AND | often results from a healthy digestion than from any other cau Acid dyspeps commonly called sour stomach or hearthurn, is caused by slow ead of being prompt- rted into blood, bone lies in the stomach for & and decaying, creating pressure on the lungs b breath and general dis- i irritation. Such half digested food is indeed poor nourishment body, brain and r and the result is shown in irrita- imaccountable head condition usually t how quickly all appetite and dige Y, THE WILLY COLLINISE, JOE THE RS HAWTHORNE, CAH THE BIO. AND NEX SAM LOCKHART'S BABY ELEPHANTS . San ¥ s called these wes only irri teal to f; ‘l.‘n\\ is to make RICHARD GOLDEN ; 2 oro peptones, S v 1 1 hydrochloric and OLD JED PROUTY. e b frer n—T New York M ssful i curing stomach tr ter Su they contain, in a ple ablet fo all these N A STRANGE LAND Iiciiari’cientials for pertect digestion Ever Written Fime assimilation of food. This City. Henry Kirkpatrick of Lawrence, Mass., “Men and women whose occupation ubles is be- ant, concen- 4 STRAY GER | ke it a dally ctice to use Stuar pepsia_Tablets after meals, I " done so myself and T know p« ively th: Bcusco...nuus& R Owe me present health and visor b. o 5t me 1 was 22, when I gradu- AR 82 chool with broken heal(h from until ¥ was 34 cel new e Ty HAL B2 frée from stomacn 1 no appetit D whatever d very lttle for any other heartburn_nearly was alarmed by ion of the heart, peared after T yspepsia Tablets t my meals with relish and which 1 had not known since ry—Gor- opularity of Stuart's enormous, but it is druggist in the United a 1t Britain has a this meritorious prepara- good word for Nothing Greasy when “Ko-Nul” A Steriliz:d Cocoanut Fat, is used for Shortening, Frying and General Cooking. A perfect superseder of Butver, Lard and Compounds. Never Gsts Ranc Free from Anihal Matter, Ask Your Grocer or Write. CINDERELLA! FERRIS HARZMAN ? NEW SONGE MOROSCO’S GRAND OPERA HOUSE Matinegs 'Saturday‘ aod Sunday. “A VIRGINIA COURTSHIP.” a, stra at 4 India Refining Co., Philadelphia. YIM, VIGOR, VITALITY for MEN MORMON BISHOP'S PILLS bave been in use over fifty leaders of the on Church and their fol- lowers. Positively cures the worst cases in old and young i ng from effects of e—Emy COLUMBIA EXTRA—-2 GRAND CONCERTS MOLLE. ANTONIA POLORES i 3 Losses, Insom- nia, Pains in Back, Evil Desires. Lame Back, Nervous Debility, Headache, Infitness to M: Ty, Loss of Semen, o (l:nfi;lnxna Et}!& Ne’ . ’rwusvmg of ‘Byelids, Effect are immediate Impart vigor and CENTS potency to every funetion. Don't get despondent: a cure Is at hand. Restores emall, undeveloped organs. Stimulates the brain and nerve centers; 50c box, 6 for 52 50 by mail. A Written guarantes ¢ cure or money refunded with § boxes. Circulars free. Address RISHOP REMEDY CO.. 40 Ellis st., San Franci Cal., GRANT DRUG CO., L d 40 Third PALAGE and | GRAND HOTELS, San Francisco. rium. SAN FRANCISCD'S LEADING THEATRE These hotels pos- sess the attributes that tourists and travelers appreciate —central location, liberal manage- ment, modern ap- pointments a n 4 perfect cuisine American and Eu- ropean plans. srsday WD SATURDAY. | SCOVERY s and | absolutely | | cludes an active outdoor life_should { | | | neer | magnifice % CAPTAIN C. H. GRANT LEAVES THE ARMY TRANSPORT SHERMAN Officers of the Steamship Present the Departing Master With a Beautiful Gold Locket as a Token of Good Will. & - D INTERNATIONAL NAVIGATION COMPANY'S STEAMSHIP VADERLAN AND HER DISPLAC COMMODIOUS STEAMSHIPS SAILING FROM NEW YORK. AGENTS HERE ARE THE RED STAR LINE. BEAM, 42 FEET DEEP SHE 1S 680 FEET LONG, 60 FEET x‘ E OF THE HANDSOMEST AND MOST | e qF 12,000 TONS. ON E was an interesting farewell ceremony on the United Stat transport Sherman yvesterday. C. H. Grant goes East to assume command of rd Gould's officers of t hall of the & reial eed. herman met in the 1 to bid him god; Among who were present were Quartermaster Captain W, C. Cannon, Su- perintendent of the fransport service, apiain John Barneson, Supervising J. H. Matthews and Chief Engi- George R. Kingsland of the Sher- n. The presentation was made by Cap- nron. l"nnln*v Captairn nt a it locfet, suitably ‘inscribed said ou have made od master and in onr opinion the transport service loses | You say you will return but I don’t believe it gets to know you he allow you to come back to Cal- ain Grant made a sailor's reply. sald he could make a better spee about fair and foul weather sailors than he could abo letters o 2 ut presentations and During the last two had be through th erman n unusually trying times and during the t them he had found his of storms that be officers to be Captain Ba men the right stamp. tribute to Cap- tain Grant’ an officer. “As | a ship m: navigator, he is one »f the at men afloat,” said the su- | perintendent of the transport service. Captain Barneson sald he was sorry that he had not beer given a chance to join in the testimonial. He at_once an- swered by Chief Enginee ngsland, who sald: “The presentation was a spontaneous affair among the officers. has been our triend and we wanted to . him something to remember us by. leaves us to-day, but we want him | to remember that wherever he goes we | will always bear him in our hearts as nmander and right royal good e OCEAN RACE TO HILO. Amy Turner Easily Beats Roderick Dhu on Run Down. The American barks Rode Amy Turner s on December 2 led from here in company For a time they kept | together and then when a week out they lost sight of each other during the night The Amy Turner went to the westward and caught a favorable slant of wind, while the Roderick Dhu held to the course Jaid down on the charts and which Cap- tain Johnson 1 always found to stand good s > Roderick Dhu and there wa Jjubilation aboard the former consequence. There was no complaint aboard the Roderick Dhu, however, as she arrived on Christmas day and the cold storage plant on the sel yieldgd up more luxuries in the shape of game, tur- key, suckling pig, fowl and fruit than could be procured ‘on the whole island of | Hawall. ——— ‘Water Front Notes. Captain Gilmore of the Servia will take command of the Guy C. Goss. Captain Hardy, who brought, the Goss from New York, is in the Marifle Hospital, suffering from a broken arm. The vessel was caught in a gale off the coast and Cap- tain Hardy was washed from the bridge. ADVERTISEMENTS. Next y n Fitz & Webster Pre- F YHE e et Tpoue Taree, || BLOOD.LIVER.LUNGS. “A BREEZY TIME.” sE USUAL POPULAR PRICES. FOR BARBERS, BAK- ers, bootblacks, bath- houses, billlard tables, { brewers, bookbinders, candy-makers, canners, dyers, flourmills, foundries, laundries, paper- hangers, printers, painters, shoe factories, sta- | blemen, tar-roofers, tanners, tallors, etc. BUCnANAN BROS., Brush Manufacturers, 609 Sacramento St <4 'BRUSHE NIGHT, Jan.'21 CKY SHARP.” CQREAR EVERY NIGHT AT 8:16. MATINEE TO-MORROW AT 2:15, FLORENCE ROBERTS | IN THE ADVENTURES OF NELL GWYNNE . EEATE ON SALE SIX DAYS IN ADVANCE. Next—SWEGT LAVENDER - ‘non-poisonous Blll!.d! ‘Gonorzheea, Gleet, Spermateorrhas, Whites, unnatural dia: or auy inflsmma- ritation or ulcera- RACING ! 1900—-WINTER MEETING—1901. | CALIFORNIA JOCKEY CLUB. | RACING! RACING! DEC. 31 TO JAN. 15, INCLUSIVE™ SMD MCE{,‘:GACK. Raci onday, Tuesday, inesday, Thurs- *iday and Saturday’ Rain'or htne each da: . THE PRISON OF THE POPE. | e S555°% Lfic'l;ljlifi BY i -boats leave San P':i'-él:crg'n 12 m. and REV. PETER C. YORKE & | $r8ek: ona their escorts: no smoki | dadi elr ; : Lerry' tickets to Shell Mound frflbxlmm s For the Benefit of ST. JOHN'S PARisH, | Oskland mole copnect With Be edwar ook Rev 2 . Rector. land. 1l trains via Alameda mols - o T i | Yot with San Pablo avente cars at Fourteenth 'I'h Sd E 2 Feb. I”l | and Broadway, Oukland. These electric cars In . ur ay ve!lug‘ kg 2| Bt hrningTrains leave the track at 445 and the last race. ing—’ o . . and immediately 4 D TR, President. At 8 o'clock. | FHOMAS H. WILLIA METROPOLITAN TEMPLE Fifth and Jessie Streets. R. B. MILROY, ry. D e~ e BIG VAUDEVILLE SHOW! TO-MORROW AFTERNOON, FIRST JUVE- NILE DAY, TO-MORROW NIGHT, MONSTER CAKE- WALE. Telephone for Beats, Park 2. |CHUTES AND Z00 e TICKETS FISCHER'S CO"gERT, Hause Oro, Bernard and Oro, Marie D. Wood, Sid Baxter, Mile. Atiantis, Rousell Brothers, Nell Montgomery and Antonio and Conchita Mas- tinez Heserved Eeats 2ic. Matinee Sunday. Tk Beautiful/ Tufted Steel-tempered springs, upholstered with nice figured velour. Special Reductions in every department. Houses furnished complete—esti- mates cheerfully given. Country trade & speclalty. Free delivery within 200 miles on $25 worth and over. CASH or CREDIT. T. Brilliant Furniture Co., OPEN EVENINGS. 338-342 POST ST., peamu. PAINLESS EXTRACTION cts. Our $5,00 Plates fitlike a glove. DR. K. L. WALSH $15% GBARY STREET Between Hyde and Larkin. S eMphone IOk 3 CAFE ROYAL Gorner Fourth ana 2 Brosial Brey. valises checked free ht Niagara and the | Captain Grant | ck Dhu fmd' r % 'A- soon as an anchorage was reached nI ASTORIA--Arrived Jan 10—Stmr G W Elder, | physician was summoned and Dr. Bauer | hence Jan &, | went out on a launc | 9AN " DIEG | The Guy C. Careon, from | some months ago by Bennett & | FORT BRAC | , but has since peen sold to the -“,’,‘1,}‘;'1.‘"?:?' H Steam Whaling Company. She | g0 “,Mmfi! ANC | makes one trip to Puget Sound under the ve | Jan 10—Schr Lottie reka. Satied Jan 10—Stmr Noyo, for {LES—Salled Jan 10-Br ox, B C. N PORT. Jan 10-Ship Henry FOREIGN {OHAMA—Arrived ag and will then be turned over to BALTIMOR B | Hyde, for 8a big American ailed for hark Shenandoah rope vesterday with the sec- | has gone out of % She ha ab rd 102,248 | centals of wheat valued at $105,315. ! | The ship Euterpe which went ashore | | PORTS. Jan 10—Br stmr Cop- S—Stmr Advance, for New York Arrived Jan 7-Fr bark Mare- Aug 18 - Dec 19—Nor stmr Eva, on a_reef and was towed oft | by the tu, is now in port and | c uction next Wednesday United States . hence fled E from | Yokohama. YOKOHAMA—Sailed Jan 8—Stmr China, for an Francisco. MAN Order of the Court, i | by District The following notice n Issued by the to mariners has branch hydrographic an Islands, Tutulla, Pago Pago harbor nce, light exhib! Breaker Point— rmation dated D. r 8, 1900, has_been received \ t of the United States naval Tutuila, that a fixed white light has been established on the highest { point of the bluff over I Point, east side | 10—Stmr La Bre- ce Regent Luitpcld HAMBURG—Arrived Jan 10—Stmr vania, from New York, via Plymouth YORKOH Salled Jan 10—Stmr Victoria, . for Tacoma. Pennsyl- > g e T W iled Jan 10—Stmr Rhyn- ilumina t 270 degrees | for Philadelphia; stmr Majestic, for New »m the channel between Anuu Isl- | York: both from Liverpool. ila, around to the infier harbor | LIVERPOOL—Arrived Jan 10-Stmr New and, atled '3 from Boston t above the mea 10—Stmr Iherian, for New York A and should be visible @ distance of at least elght miles. | BREMEN ved Jan 10—Stmr Kaiser W It is shown fro standard supported by | helm der Grr from New York, via Che | braces in the form a tripod, the whole | hourg and Southampton. painted white. During the day the lantern is | LIZARD-Passed Jan 10—Stmr La Gascogne, covered by a conical white cover. from New York, for Havre. . ’ ———— ROTTERDAM—Arrived Jan 10—Stmr | sterdam, from New York, via Boulogne. Sailed Jan 10—-Stmr Rotterdam, for Boulogne and New Am- NEWS OF THE OCEAN. Matters of Interest to Mariners and Shipping Merchants. York. Bt Steamer Movements. The W. H. Dimond loads merchandise for | s | Honolulu; the Yang T wheat at Tacoma TO SAIL. for St. Vincent, for crders, 37s 6d, prior to > tior arrival; the int Anne, wheat and barley for ‘ Dniiustion. Europe, 41s d, or flour 42¢ 6d, rechartered. - | am|Pter Wh | Coquille pm|Pier Sl of fat | Fulton 5 pm|Pier The British ship Corunna cleared yesterday | for Queenstown for orders ST ctls | wheat valued at $54.300 ft lumber as dunnage valued a | The American ship Shenandoah cleared Tues- | State am ;‘m 9 9 am|Pler am|Pier 9 am|Pler Santa 2 day for Liverpool with 102,248 ctls wheat valued | Allfance. Portld & Coos Bay|10 am|Pler $105,315, and 40,000 ft lumber dunnage valued | . Kruger... Grays Harbor. .....|Pler $600. . Point Arena.. Point Arena.... 2 pm|Pler P NeWbUrK ... Gravs Harbor pm|Pier An Additional Manifest. PRy Y A% Coos B 12 m|Pler 13 In addition to cargo previously reported the | Columbia..... Portland 11 am|Pier 24 | steamer Peru which sailed Tue - | Santa Rosa... San U 9 am|Pler 11 ama carried the following cargo | Pomona.. Hli‘n 1dt i 2 pm|Pler 9 America, valued at $Iz592: 5 bales cottom, | . o okl | | pkgs ‘car material, 6 cs paint and varnish, | North Fork... Humboldt .. 9 am|Pler 2 bdls steel, 15 kegs nails, 30,000 s salt, 10 |gJanuary 18. | | cs coal ofl, 24 bdls shovels, 46 cs hardware, | Robt. Dollar. Seattle pmiPler 2 6 bbls flour, 34 bdla pipe, 11 crs furniture, | Bonita......... Newport 9 am|Pier 11 161 s groceries and provisions, 2 flasks | Mandalay. "“"i“”“‘ River 9 am|Pler 2 quicksilver, bdls from, 12 bbis roofing, 2 | January 16. | drums oil. Queen.. San Diego ... 9 am|Pier 11 —_—— - — Gaelle. hm‘l;’MSSB : Crarina pm Pler Notice to Mariners. Wala ¥ am|Pler 9 Captain Evans of the British ship Conway Castle, at Callao, reports, under date of Au- gust 27, 1900, that he passed disturbed water in latitude S. 17_degrces 3 minutes, longitude W. 108 degrees 37 minut: At times the sea broke on it to a helght of twenty feet, and Steamer. | the captain came to the conclusion that there 1 T O o e O CALIINA. Teobert Dollar..| Seattle . Lieutenant Com: 0. 8N, i Otigege, | BEISH Bovk.... BRSOl . e 1Eow Bay Shipping Intelligence. |Seattle .. . onolulu ARRIVED. Victoria & Puget Coquille River 8an Diege Thursday, January 10. Stmr Point Arena, Hansen, 12 hours from Mendocino. Stmr Columbla, Doran, 56% hours from Port- land, via Astoria 41 hours. Stmr Newsboy, Ohlstrom, 18 hours from Cas- Alexander, 44 hours from Peterson, 13 hours from Portiand Seattle Newport Victoria |China and Japan. Point Arena |San Diego .. Crescent City . Allen, 79 hours from Grays W H Kruger, Harbor. Stimr Newburg, Petersen, 70 hours from Grays rbor. a Stmr Krog, T hours from Hongkong Mart Point Aren: Santa Rosa Crescent Cit Sun, Moon and Tide. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey— Times and Heights of High and Low Waters at Fort Point, entrance to San Francisco Bay. Published by officlal au- thority of the Superintendent. NOTE~—The high and low waters occur at the city front (Mission-street wharf) about twenty- five minutes later than at Fort Point; the height of tide is the same at bo*h places. FRIDAY, JANUARY 11 Harbor. Stmr Gipsy, Leland, 21 hours from Moss Landing. or stmr Tellus, Pedersen, 91 hours from anaimo. Bktn W H Dimond, Hanson, 13 days from Honolulu. Schr 1vy, Samuelsen, § days from Coos Ba y. r Mary Etta, Anderson, 48 hours from Sun rises - P NOTE—In the above exposition of the tides the early morning tides are given in the left hand column and the successive tides of the day In the order of occurrence as to time of day, the third time column gives the last tide of the day, except when there are but threa tides, as sometimes occurs. The helghts given are in addition to the soundings on the United States Coast Survey charts, except when a minus sign (—) precedes the height, and then the number given Is subtracted from the depth given by the charts. The plane of reference is the mean of the lower low waters. — Qo Bowens Landing. Schr Sparrow, Dart, 9 days from Eureka. Schr Gem, Nelson, 6 days from Coos Bay. CLEARED. Thursday, January 10. Stmr State of California, Jepsen, Victoria and Puget Sound; Goodall, Perkins & Co. Stmr Corona, Glelow, San Pedro; Goodall, Perkins & Co. Stmr Santa R Alexander, San Diego; Goodall, Perkins & Co. Ship Falls of Clyde, Matson, Hilo; J D Spreckels & Bros Co. Br ship Corunna, McNell, Queenstown; G W MeNear, Bark Diamond Head, Peterson, Honolulu; Williams, Dimond & Co. Brig W G Irwin, Garthley, Honolulu; Wil- liams, Dimond & Co. Schr Emma Claudina, Mikkelson, Mahukno; Chas Nelson, SAILED. Thursday, January 10. Stmr Geo Loomls, Bridgett, Ventura, Stmr Empire, Macgenn, Coos Bay. Ship Shenandoah, Murphy, Liverpool. Bark Diamond Head, Petérson. Honolulu. Brig W G Irwin, 0! Schr Emma Claudina, Mikkelsen, Mahukona. Schr Melancthon, Olsen, Columbia River. Senr Del Norte, Jacol , Coquiile River, Schr Laura May, Hansen, Schr Corinthian,” Karth, Schr Antelope, Bjorkengren, Coquille River. TELEGRAPHIC, + POINT LOBOS, Jan 10, 10 p m—Weather oggy: wind SE, velocity 8 miles. DOMESTIC PORTS. CRESCENT €ITY—Salled Jan 9—Stmr Cres- . for San Francisco. B RANY HARBOR- Arrived Jan S—Schr Sai- . B lor Boy, hence Dec 2. Branch Hydrographic Office, U. S. N., Mer- Sailed Jan 9—Schr Fannie Dutard, for Port chants'” Exchange, San Francisco, s Los Angeles. Jan 10-Schr Chas R Wilson, tor aanuary =y .!”’P;_h. SRR : zalea, for 3 new Ferry B N PEDRO_Arrived Jan $—Schr Bxcelsior, fing W bulldi ‘was dropped at exactly noon to-day— "at moon of fhe 10th meridian, or ai § k p. m., Greenwich time. G- 8, SALKINS, 'S.'N.. in charge. from Prt Biakeley. HONOLULU—Arrived Dec 2%-Schr Allen A, "%"fl%bm—é:‘nm Dec 15—Bktn Amelia, for send. P EURER A~ Sailed Jan 10—Stmrs Pomla and North Fork, for San Francisco. » ‘Arrived Jan 10—Stmr Lakme, hence Jan 9. SEA’ iled Jan 9—Stmr Rainier, for l"ln Francisco; stmr John 8§ Kimball, for Hono- uly, TACOMA—Salled Jan 10—Schr F § 14, for San Pedro. e o'el Lieutenant Commander, o Kills Wife, Babe and Self. ‘BOSTON, Jan. 10.—Savant Swede, shot and ably fatally wounded his mother anq 3- ear-old boy at their home fn Jamal g\uce to-day. He then killed himself. i34 | the prohibition of farther HOME STUDY CIRCLE 'FOR CALL READERS War With Ideas Behind It, as lllustrat- ed by Changes in Geographical Lines. —. Copyright, 1901, by saymour'htun. XIII It was contended by Americans f nearly two decades tnat by the Louisiana treaty of 1803 we ‘acquired title to bota Texas and Oregon. A party issue pending the settlement of these claims looked to | what was cailed the “reannexation of | Texas' and the “reoccupation of Oregon. The dispute over the O: settled by the retirement from the north west coast of Russia and Spain and Ly peaceable negotiations between America | and Great Britain, ending with the Ore- | gon treaty of i846. By the Florida treaty of 1819 Spain relinquished to the United States her claims to the northwest coast north of 42 degrees north latitude. By the same treaty we relinquished all claim to Texas, in what Clay called a ‘‘quit- | claim deed,” by which we recognized that 80 far as the Louisiana treaty was con- cerned Texas pertained to Spanish Mexico and not to nch Louisiana. In the same treaty, also, our Louisiana purchase recelved for the first time definite limits gon country was | on the south and west, as follows: “Be- ginning on the Gulf of Mexico at the mouth of the Sabine River, follow that river to 30 degrees norcth latitude; thenca on a line due north to the Red River, westward along this river to the hun- dredth meridian; then northward to the Arkansas River; westward along this riv- er to its source in the Rocky Mountains, then a north line to 42 degrees and then along that parallel to the Pacific Ocean.” It is now admitted that our Louisiana purchase ended at the Rocky Mountains. What we obtained west of the mountaius | pertained to the Oregon country, and it | came to us with the fninal Oregon settle- | ment of 1846 The movement resulting in the admis- | ¢lon of Texas and the acquisition of the Mexican cessions began with the pro- posed migration of Moses Austin to Tex- as in 1S18. It was in 1822 that Austin's son_first colonized In Texas a grant of land that had been received from the Mexican Government. Emigrants from tality”” said President Garfleld. The great war of idens that preceded for a genera- tion the conflict in_arms of 1861 received renewed impetus after our acquisition of the Mexican cessic What should be the status of the new territory as to si ery? Upon this great issue the vital cot flict was joined. Did Mexican law (by which slavery had been prohiblted as ear- Iy 1827) apply to the new territory un- til Congress had specifically changed it? Or did a pro-slavery constitution, as i terpreted by Calhoun and Rhett and t radical Southern school, apply ef its own accord, with its “transmigratory quali- ties.”” to the territories for the prote N of slavery there? Or should the Wilmot proviso be applied for the exclusion of slavery by Congressional authority? Or should the settlers in the territories under “popular sovereignty” be allowsd to set- tle the question of slavery for them- selves? It was over these questions that the war of ideas raged for a decade. Settled by a temporary compromise in 1850, these questions wére again reopened for all the unsettled Territories in the West by the repeal in 1854 of the noted Missouri com- promise of 1820. The Kansas-Nebraska act of 1554, which seems to have made the Civil War inevitable, opens to view upon the map a great territorial prize that was at stake between the slave States and the free. Texas was the last slave State ad- mitted to the Union. It was evident to Southern leaders that unless, under what they called equal rights in the Territories, more slave States could be obtained from the West the long struggle to maintain the equilibrium of power in the United States Senate between the slave States and the free would have to be | abandoned. By the Nebraska act of 1854 the slave power entered upon its last des- perate struggle for new soil. 8o far as the issue thereby enjoined could be set- tled by constitutional and peaceful pro- cesses, It was settled in 1860 by the elec- tion of Lincoin. That election meant that, while it was not the purpase to interfere with slavery in the States whera S~ ~— %3 Possge ne -~ WHEN CANS. ! SO SOERMNEase | the United States had been awaliting the determination of the ownership of Texas —the region between the Sabine and the Rio_Grande—so long in dispute between the United States and Spain. We may im- agine that the settlement of 1818, by which this territory was consigned to Spanish control, was not satisfactory to prospective American settlers who were ready to follow in the wake of Austin. By the successful rebellion of Mexic) against Spain and by the recognition of Mexican independence in 1521 this terri- | tory became Mexican soil. ere wers many influences calculated to make Mexi- can rule in Texas distasteful to the Amer- fcans who were settling there in Increas- | ing numbers. The race prejudice between the Spaniard gnd the Anglo-Saxon, the ar- bitrary and capricious rule of Spanish offi- cials, the denial of local self-government, | immigration from the United States, the lack of order and the failure to protect life and prop- erty, the desire of the Americans from the Southern States to continue their system of slave labor, prohibited by Mexico, tha sympathy and moral aid (f not the ma- terial aid) afforded to the enterprise of independence by the United States—all these influences led t> the Texan revolt against Mexico. In the battle of San Jacinto in 1838 the Texans vindicated their claim to inde- ndence, and for nine years the “Lone tar republic’ was recognized by the United States and other powers as one of the independent soverelgnties of tha world. Mexico did not relinquish, though she could not exercise, her sovereignty over Texas; and when by the consent of Texas in 18{5 that State was admitted to the American Union we recefved with the new State the Texan quarrel with Mexteo and became responsible for the defense against Mexico of the Texan claim to ter- ritory on the Rio Grande. Texas claimed all east of the Rio Grande from its mouth to its source. The admission of Texas and our assuming the defense of her ter- ritorial claims would probably have been sufficlent to bring £bout war with Mexico, But the overt and immediate cause of the war was the occupation by the United States of the disputed territory between the Nueces and the Rio Grande. This President Polk asserted in his war me: sage to Congress, had caused the shed- ding “of American blood on American soil,” and Congress declared that a state| of war “existed by the act of Mexico.” The conflict that followed was ‘‘short, sharp and decisive.”” When the Ameri- can armies had occupied the capital of the Mexican republic and forced Mexico to terms of capitulation, American arms were in military possession of vast tracts of Mexican terrltolg that the administra- tion of President Polk was unwilling to surrender. At Guadaloupe, a_little town near the City of Mexico, on February 2, 1848, a treaty was signed and subsequently ratified by both republics, by which it was agreed in consideration of $15,000,000 paid directly by the United States to Mex- jco and $3,500,000 more paid to citizens of the United States who had claims against that country t Mexico should relin- quish to the United States her rights and claims to all territory north and east of ‘the Rio GrAnde and Gila rivers. This Mexican session embraced Texas, with all its claims, New Mexico, California, Ne- vada, Utah, Arizona and part of Colo- rado and Wyrming, an area of over 522.- @0 square miles, more than double the area of any country in Europe, except | Russia. This is an area almost equal t. that of the original thirteen colonles with their western lands at the time their in- dependence was achieved. ‘While the Gadsden purchase was not a part of the war settlement of 1848, it was 8o closely related to it that it must be noticed here. In 1853, by a m&?lementsry treaty with Mexico, negotiated in behalf of the United States by Mr. Gadsden of South Carolina, we acquired 45,000 square | miles more of Mexican territory for the sum of $10,000,000, and our southern boun- dary became fixed as 1t has since re- ed. - “A war without ideas behind it is bru- & tant Alaska, acquired MAP OF THE REGION WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN 185, | CALIFORNIA WAS STILL GOVERNED BY THE MEXI- | _ it existed, yet got another slave Territory nor another slave State should be added to the American Union. The Civil War itself, like the war of 1812, wrought no territorial changes in America. The issue involved in that war was the issue of dismemberment. Should the republic that, united, had experienced such wonderful expansion, be now rent in twain by irreparable division? Should “Mason’s and Dixon's line"—originally a survey between Pennsylvania and Mary- land, ‘subsequently an artificlal, imagin- ary line between the slave States and the free—hgcome an actual and permanent geographical division betweerf irreconcil- able sections? That issue wds answered at Appomattox.. Any other answer than that there given by the fortune of war would have resulted In a sadly calamitous change in the war geography of America. Alaska became an America possession by a peaceful treaty of purchase with Russia in 1867. The Hawailan Islands were annexed by act of Congress on August 12, 188, an act that was the outcome of a bloodless revolution in those islands. These changes of ownership are not a part of our subject proper. But the stu- dent who has set out to trace the terri- torial changes in America wrought by war will have to recite the recent im- ortant changes brought about by the nish war of 1898. t was a notable remark of Henry Clay that nothing struck him with so much amazement as the fact that historical cir- cumstances so soon pass out of the recol- lection of men. It is not to be supposed that the momentous historical changes of the last four years have yet passed out of the memory of any considerable number of readers. Yet there is apt to be among the great body of busy Americans only an unrealizing and transient appreciation of the number and ificance of these changes. So little hes s paid after the first announcement of the events that the net result of the recent territorial changes is not appreciated or understood, and it would be not a little surprising to many to know the actual extent of the territo rial chan of 1898, the year of our hun- dred days' Spanish war. A mere recital of these changes is all that may be at- tempted here._ By the Spanish-American treaty, signed by the Peace Commissioners at 'aris December 10, 1388, ratified by the United States Senate February §, ), and bE the Queen Regent of Spain March 17, (a) Cuba, after having been in the pos- session of Spain for more than 300 yvears, was relinquished by Spain to become an independent state. Though the island is still held and controlled the military forces of the United States, incipient st have been taken to secure for it the status of an independent state. It is one of the richest islands of the world, with an area of 45,000 square miles, and will no doubt corftinue in close relations, if not in political union, with the United States. (b) Porto Rico, with an extent of 368 square miles—an island ninety-five miles long by thirty-five miles broad, known as “the gem of the Antilles"—was trans- ferred from to the United States. (c) The Phillppine Islands, almost 2000 in number, with an area of 115/ uare miles and a population of more than 8,000, 000 souls, were transferred, in considera- tion of $20,000,000, from Spain to the United States. ‘When we look u n these acquisitions and consider them n connection with dis- in 1367, and Wake Island in the fic, acquired by the title of discovery in the same year, Ha- wall, annexed in 1898, and Guam, by treaty in 1888, and Tutulla, Mauna and four smaller islands of the Samoan group. acquired by negotiation with England and acquired Germany in ), not to speak of the com- lications in China and other enterprises yond the continent, it may be led that America has' become a *“ power,” and that the war geography of Amerlc-l at !h:! cl(ns; of the nineteenth century is a part of the war eogral the world. JAMES A. W&O B&‘.‘ Indiana University.