The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 18, 1900, Page 9

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 18; 1900. VON SCHROEDER SUBMITS |MISS ACKERMAN HIS CLAIM FOR DAMAGES Continued From Page One. terms Judge Maguire asked the usual esidence, occupation, ac- impartial attitude as to 1 before the court, and passed Deimas, for the defense, asked: nk it right for a newspaper | facts of scandalous and idual, even | may involve ce:- when those facts ublic morality?” not s not the right?” he right, but 1 do mot e chs * sald Delmas Twelfth Juror Accepted. sk allagher if he dict on . and such | ago,” desired, e doing wrong.” : K the jur- disqualify | ability to ates,” Del- | the jur- of the | i reading suit was n Rafael ly pub- defame plain- facts as pub- be shown to be reds of people who Hotel Rafael in order e for action. He which suit was tted in ev the plaintiff's ntiff consented to such | | true,” Preston re-| 1 prove that the xen-, and we expect to | 1e defense is estab- the statement n was & false Colonel Preston e law was the Su- ation of it. " continued Colonel be offered is mitiga- th on the part of lication, the belief, | hat the facts as asked for and was f ten minutes before tness. nager of The Call, was | ed “questioning Attorney about what oc- that article before it n 414 you receive and Interview With Warfleld. 1ag re the question as < stimony introducing allega- rties, the truth of itness, but the tending to show ng the pubii- \itness an 1899, Frank L. Per- rrespondent, came id that General War- up his erstood, because onduct of Baron von dered it unprofitabie. ters could not be pub- the matter was me that Mrs, War- in the presence of Gen. rfie that they would ask for a I received a telegram | g that the release wus 1 called up General | e and told him I had | formation and wanted to | ter to interview him. He re- the information had leaked he would see me personaily »me with the reporter. ir 1 H. Raymond, a reporter on i went to the California I conducted it interview. ymond to take down the me preliminary con- Warfield confirmed the lease was to be surren- he Baron's conduct had n the hotel and had spectable people away. had nad a good Bunday-to- as he termed it, but the had caused that trade to jtness #aid that General Warflield id in plain English that the Baron ted like 2 low, vile character; that had said to him that there was a cer- sociely woman of San relations tc Baron von liable to_become & public y time. She, the general sserted, was in the habit of inviting & women to parties or dinners given the Baron and abetting him in de- ching them s the recital went on Maguire again sed an objection, saying that there »e & limit to the charges that could made in testimony upon the assertions me one else. Attorney Preston re- a { this man was engaged in debauch- oung women we contend that such nduct blackened the name of the hotel and that we have a right to introduce lence to that effect in proof of the n of the article alieged to be libelous.” Insults Offered Women. The witness was allowed to continue et Srarfield t0ld me of the poker games conducted by Baron von Schroeder others. He had protested, but it did good. He made the statement that cer- ain fool women had made it 80 easy for Baron that be though n- y woman with impunity. He toid clderly woman and her two daug who were annoyed b& the £ tions; if they walked the grounds would follow them and bob up from B behind rosebushes and appear at unex- places. general said that the golf Nnks, , ‘were once very poj an. ight custom to the hotel, had e almost deserted because the conduct of Baron von Schroeder and his cronies there ;«" ‘such es to drive away respectable ople. “He mentioned the case of a young woman who had come to the hotel & re- pected | took pride in flaunting them. Witnes Baro, | on the stand. | D spectable girl, he believed, and had been ruined by the Baron. He sald he had the reputation of running a respectable hotel and he could not afford to lose that repu- tation. Baron von Schroeder and his brother had ruined the good name of the ‘l‘iul;-lnl(}ilucl and they could take it and eep it. Lid he make any statement concern- ing plaintiff and his wife?" Speaking ubout the hotel becoming un- profitable, he said that the Baron and his wife had formerly stayed there during he winter months. She had later gone to Germany. Some question of a woman came up and be could not leave to join her until it was settled. He said the Baron squandered much of his fortune, and particular mention of bonds of the Donahue Railroad that he had_sold.’ | “What effect did General Warfield's statements have upon you?" believed they were true or I would not have published the article. I gave ex- plicit instructions to the reporter to elim- inate all the names of women used in the terview. “Did G eral Warfield make any state- &s to the publicity of these acts?” Vice Flaunted in Public. “He stated that the Baron took no pains whatcver 10 cover em up; that he rather had no acquaintance with von Schroeder and had had no with him. e was ihe defendant, John D. preckels, at this tme?”’ he question called up objections from plaintifi’'s counsel, which were overruled, and the replied: Salinas sugar factory.” ; knowledge of what None y Defendant’s counsel surrendered the wit- Maguire tion of both the editorial s departments?” assume sole direction. I con- Spreckels as to the policy you authorize this publication on the information gained from sral Warfield?” On that and information furnished by | Mr. Perkins. “Did you confer with Mr. Spreckels con- | information before | cerring Mr. Perkins' your interview h General Warfield?"” 1 do not remember to have done so. may have mentioned it casualily.” I exact position on The | “¥our decision to publish the story was | due s ment “Not entirely. I had Mr. Perkins' state- ’me;riu”o! his interview with Mrs. War- ield “Who s this Perkins on whose state- ment you relied” “He was our regular San Rafael cor- respondent. ely to General Warfield’s state- Mr. Raymond, you say, ticle alleged to be libelous? “He wrote the original article from his notes. It passed through the hands of the copy readers and may have been trimmed and objectionable matter eliminated.” The Bulletin Denial. “Did you see a letter written by General Warfield and published in the Bulletin October 25, 1899, denying the truth of the article in The Call Objections made by Preston were over- ruled by the court and an exception was noted. Witness had read the article. frflp\»sed to read the Bulletin article reston objected that there was no ce in to show that Warfield had written the letter, and the court ruled _wrote the ar- and | that plaintiff's counsel was not entitled | to read the latter at that time. Maguire offered a clipping of an edi- orial published in The Call October 26, 1&w. Witness said it was published on his authority. Counsel offered it in evi- dence to w malice, its publication hav- ing follow the publication of the Bul- letin _de: Preston objected on the ground that no reference was made to the plaintiff in the editorial. Judge Angellott! perused the editorial, which asserted it to be the sacred duty of & newspaper to expose vice which af uplic morality. Turning to Pr ton, the Judge said with signifcant em phasis: you gbject to the admission of this “Do in_evidence?" Preston withdrew his objection and the 1895, said Maguire. turn to San Francisco? “My recollection is that he returned on the afternoon of October 2. I am not positive as to the date.” “Did you talk to him about the article ublighed by you the morning of the daia.” “Had you & nam\ed McGee?” No. that name employed in some one of the departments.” “Did you have an interview with Mr. “When did he re- 'reporlor on the paper Spreckels in regard to this story before | its publication in the presence of & third | person?” do not remember that I did.” “Did you have a conversation with Ma. yor Phelan on or about the 26th of Oc tober in reference to the publication of | this editorial, in a room or stall in the basement or under the Phelan bullding?” “1 did not. I have not been on speak- ing terms with Mayor Phelan for some | im “Would you have recollected such a conversation?"” “I certainly would.” “Did you meet Phelan or have any con- versation with him anywhere prior to the election?” “I met him on the street. If anything was sald about this matter it was brought up by him, and was casual. Our conversation was of politics.” “It was since that time that you have ceased to be on speaking terms with the Mayor?” “Yes. I have met the Mayor only a few times.” “How long have you known General Warflela?” “Four or five years, I presume. I was a member of the National Guard, and met him in that clg&clly." “Have you met him frequently eince October 21, 18997 “Yes, frequently. We belong to the same club, and I meet him there often.” “You had no personal knowledge of the facts published in the article?” *“None." Witness was excused, and W. H. Ray- mond was called. Reporter Tells of Interview. “Were October 24, 1569, between Mr. Gencra! Warfield?” asked Preston. “I was.” “What part did you take in the inter- view?” “T took notes of General Warfie)d's statements.” Longhand notes were handed witness and he identified them. Colonel Preston instructed him not to mention any names of women written in the notes, and cau- tioned him repeatedly not by any inad- vertence to use those names in his testi- what took place at that inter- view.” Maguire objected, but the court over- ruled him on the ground that such state- ment was evidence in mitigation. aguire asked if the notes were War- field's complete statement. Witness said they were not, but were catch notes to refresh his memory, with occasional verb- atim quotations. The court ruled that the use of the notes by the witness was al- lowable. “General Warfleld admitted that he was to surrender the lease of the Hotel Ra- fael” sald the witness. “He stated that uests had complained repeatedly of the aron's conduct and on frequent occa- gions there had been scandal. General Warfield said that it was Baron von Schroeder’s custom to have 1s and Foung mesteons introduced to him. He mentioned one case. The Baron frequent- ly entertained a young married woman, who invited other young lady guests, Some of these were guests at the hotel, others were from the outside. Past Master in Flattery. *“He said the Baron tre}l:enu followed women through the grounds, ogled women from the veranda and had even been ac- cused of Indecent exposure. case he told of, that of a young woman who he ‘was convinced came there a virtuous wo- man, an] was ruined by the Bhe ‘was susceptible to flattery, in which the Baron was a past master. The Baron had There may* have been a | . 0 of | Baron had acted. you present at an interview on | Leake and TALKS OF ORIENT Paints Vivid Pictures of Customs of People She Has Met in the Far East. | % MISS JESSIE ACKERMAN, THE WELL-KNOWN TEMPERANCE ADVO- CATE, WHO DELIVERED AN INTERESTING ADDRESS BEFORE THE PACIFIC COAST WOMEN'S PRESS ASSOCIATION. X editorial Decame & part of the: avigesns | in the case. “You say Mr. Bpreckels was at or near Salinas City on the night of October 24, ISS JESSIE ACKERMAN, a well-known temperance lecturer and syndicate writer, was the guest of honor of the Pacific Coast Women's Press Associa- tion at a reception given in Century Hall yesterday afternoon. Miss Ackerman, who is about to start on her ‘third tour of the world, enter- talned the ladies with a delightfully in- formal talk, in which she told of some of the remarkable people she had met. Miss Ackerman's descriptions of the Ori- ental potentates whose hospitality she had enjoyed were painted in vivid colors, and the little personal anecdotes that went with the descriptions showed in a very few words the status of civilization in the Far East debauched her there in the hotel. An- other woman had been degraded through the machinations of the Baron and his brother. Many reputahle guests had been driven away from the hotel. His wine sales had been cut down 6 or 70 per cent on account of the Baron's conduct. He also said that the Baroness' friends no longer came to the hotel on account—"" Maguire objected and the objection was sustained. The witness continued: ““General Warfleld said further, ‘There are a lot of fool women who have been easy. They have given the Baron a swelled head and he thinks he can ‘insult any woman.’ The Baron and his brother had ruined the hotel and they could have it.” The witness sald that Mr. Leake asked how the Baron had ruined it, and General Warfield used plain English in his char- acterization of the manner in which the “Who were the people who had been ariven away from the hotel?” asked Ma ulre. x"l have no names as to those. The only indication here is a note of an elder- 1y lady and her two daughters who were rsecuted by the Baron. He would fol- ow them through the grounds, bob up from behind rose bushes, and in various ways make himself obnoxious; until final- 1y _they left the hotel.’ “Was the article wrote it?" “published as you “It was modified somewhat. I had been rather harsher with the de- fendant and the copy reader made some changes.” Mrs. Warfield Interviewed. Frank L. Perkins was called. He testi- fled that he was the San Rafael corre- spondent of The Call on and before Oc- tober 25, 1899. “Did you have an Interview with Mrs. Warfield?” asked Attorney Preston. “Yes, sir.” Vhere? n the Hotel Ra!‘afl." “W were present? My Werdeld, General Warfield and myself.” . “What did you commuricate to Mr. Leake concerning that interview?” “] told Mr. Leake that Mrs. Warfield had told me that the General would to get a release from the hotel lease; that the Baron’s conduct had been notorious for months. He had insulted women, and his conduct with ogher women whom he could not insult was such as to scandalize respectable women. His conduct had not been confined to the hotel, but had ex- tended to roadside resorts, his assoclates being guests at the hotel Maguire objected to testimony regardin, conduct away from the hotel.” The cou said the conduct alleged occurred in the vicinity of (}]:e hotel and the testimony was admissible. “She named only one resort, the Fair- fax Villa. She sald he had taken guests there. She had remonstrated with him concerning his carousals, and he sald he was running his own hotel. Servants had told her that he and his companions passed whole nights in gambling. At one iime some of them had sat up ali night gambling. She had caused a servant to watch them and had told the Baron that her husband could not permit gaming in the hotel. She had told Baron von Schroeder that such conduct must cease. She aid not believe it would cease, as she 4ia not belleve the leopard could change bis_spots.” ts.’ ‘Did you inform Mr. Leaks what Gen- eral Warfield had said?” “1 told hLT tr;al he sat quietly and of- ered no objections. tQueltlonn framed to call forth testi- mony showing the absence of malice on The part of himself and Mr. Leake were objected to by Judge Maguire. The court ru{ed that the witness might testify as to the Instructions given him by Mr, ““He told me,” sald the witness, “not to send over nnyt.hl:f until the lease of the hotel should be given up. When that should happen my story would have been verified, and I should notify him.” . he ask you anything else?” +T told him I had myself been at a party at Fairfax Villa, where the brother and others from the hotel were esent.’ pl:'Wlll.t did you tell Mr. Leake had hap- en’ then?" The question was objected to by Ma- gulre. Preston wanted to ask witness to give what happened as direct testi- mony, but that was not allowed, and Preston returned to his original question, the court permitting it to be answered. The witness sald: “I told him that two ladles from the hotel were there with the Baron and his brother, and that I had seen + Miss Ackerman dwelt especially upon her meeting with Olive Schreiner, and pictured her appeprance, her home and her surroundings in a way that made a | strong impres: upon her listeners. | Century Hall was prettily decorated in honor of the occasion. Potted palms decked the platform and the flags of all nations draped the walls. Mrs. Ellen Sex- ton, president of the club, presided, and she was ably assisted by the following la- dies, who acted as a reception committea: Mrs. J. H. Jewett, Mrs. Amella W. Trues- | dell, Miss Morgan, Mrs. Frances Edger- ton, Mrs. Hyneman, Mrs. Powell, Mrs. yan Pelt and Mrs. Reamer, | After Miss Ackerman's talk, music, tea | and general conversation were in order. | The hours of the reception were from 3 convince me that the B: | fresh with Tiany o i NCRESINAS pentEy “Did you sent Mr. Leake an | October 247" A | ,,I sent him word that T understood that the lease was to be given up the fol- lowing day, and that General Warfield cng} be setn at the Callfornia Hotel.” journment was taken to 10: A this morning. TR Ao Court Notes. The will of the late Henry D. Cogswell ‘was admitted to probate by Judge Troutt yene;dafir. George Chismore, who wit- nessed the execution of th - cle C. Black and George B. yl'llék::: s scribing witnesses to the codicll, were ex- amined, and the order admitting the will followed. Willlam G. Henshaw was ap- pointed executor, to serve without bonds. Louisa Schwebs flled a contest yester- day to the will of her mother, Katharina | Diiges, who died recently, leaving an es- | tate valued at $10,000. Contestant alleges ;E;Ml-llhe de(l:)efi.!ed v;‘u unduly influenced | by Henry es, B:c{hg]]zr,! her dengnter o Ty e e’ instance of M. C. Hassett, at- torney for the Public. Administrator, the investigation «of the story to the effect that Mate Green of the bark Melanope was seen counting piles of goid in the ship’s cabin after the death of Captain John R. Craigen will be continued before Judge Troutt this morning. Mate Green and Robert B. Hogue have been cited to R lie Administrator B 1 u ministrator Boland, 2 istrator of the estate of the 1:'temmmr‘rl\’a Mabel Taylor, has sued Dennis Diamond | administrator of the estate of the late Captain John R. Craigen to recover $53,800 secured by the sale of the bark Melasae Plaintiff ‘claims that the ship was the property of Eima Mabel Taylor and that the defendant's claim to the proceeds of the sale of the bark is without merit. Judge Daingerfield has gained twenty- two votes since the counting of ballots in his contest to the election of Thomas F. Graham. The last precinct of the Twenty- elghth District and six precincts of the Twenty-ninth District were counted yes. | terday, and Datngerfield made a net gain | of one vote during the day. The contest at the present 1at B P e will occupy about a Bombarded a House, Mrs. M. Kenny, who lives at Blmhurst and Sillman streets, secured a warrant | from Jud%%, Cabaniss yesterday for the arrest of Willlam Horgan, a_young man who used to live at her house, on a charge of disturbing the peace. She al- leged that Horgan went to her house Sun- day night and bombarded it with rocks and mud. She says he also threatened to kill her and her husband and the hired man, who took sheiter in the barn. —_————— Independent Foresters, Last week Court Yerba Buena of the Independent Order of Foresters gave an entertainment to its friends in the Laurel Hall of the Shiels building. There was a large attendance of members and their friends, who were entertained with an excellent ‘progrlmme of ¢ instrumental music, comic mllluuocn.: flg The a few remarks about the order. who contributed to the entertainment of the evening were Professor d'Arcy, R. Luders, Ed. Goldsmith, Elsa Arps, G. A, Heuter and Joseph Beckett, Each num. ber was greatly appreciated. After the entertainment there was a well-arranged programme of dances. evening the second of the direction of the Past Chi 3 Association will be given in &lfi?."f;".'n‘. Hall, when a choicé programme will be presinted. This will be followed by 4 an: Ancient Order of 1 r&remn. Court 8an Joaquin of Stockton has in the past six weeks Initlated fifty strangers. o The name of Court Holland of Oakland has been changed to Court Athens. N. Holland of that oourt‘ for whom it was originally named, h: Chi€r Tanger, and ai the next meeting of the court he will be present, and certificate of his r:.nk. o m Court German g gmmhite prmney o 4 St estival, to iven on 2th of December. et e —_——— ‘The candidate who expresses himself often beaten by another who pays d:: STEWART HOTEL GUESTS AOBBED Detectives Fail to Find the Thief or Locale Stolen Goods. | Many Valuable Articles Also Disap- pear From the R:sidence of H. J. Campbell at 1310 Hyde Street. —_— If Miss Daphne Bellingham, a dashing young Englishwoman, is in the city, knowledge of her whereabouts would bring joy to the hearts of Detectives Har- per and Armstrong and also to many guests of the Stewart Hotel, Eilis and Leavenworth streets, as well as to H. P. | Campbell, bookkeeper of the Natlonal | Iron Works, and his wife, who reside at 1310 Hyde street. | Al of the parties mentioned above would like to have a talk with Miss Bell- | ingham, for they think that she might be | able to throw light on the subject of val- | uable goods stoien from the guests of the | Stewart Hotel and from Mr. and Mrs. | Campbell during the last few months. | Detective Harper has for five weeks | carried in his pocketbook a photograph | of the fair Daphne, and while he has been unable to locate her, she has been seen on the streets and at the theaters, sometimes wearing articles of dress which bear a re- markable similarity to some of those pur- loined from Mrs. Campbell. Early in the summer Miss Daphne Bell- | Ingham arrived at the Stewart and an- nounced that she was prepared to remain | for some months. She spoke of her rich | relatives in England and claimed relation- ship with nearly all the families who ap- pear in Burke's Peerage. If, in the course of conversation, the names of {my of the English nobility were mentioned, the dashing Daphne would at once claim them as blood rela- tives. It took but a little time for Miss Bellingham to be on friendly terms with all the guests of the house and she made frequent social calls to the apartments of her lady friends. resided at the Stewart were fairly car- ried away in the desire to please the young Englishwoman, for she was sup- posed to have plenty of money. Colnci- dent with the freedom of the rooms of the guests granted to Miss Bellingham, trin- kets and valuable goods were missed, but not for a moment were the thefts charged to any visitor, least of all to the English- woman, But one lady residing at the Stewart had little faith in Miss Bellingham. One evening she visited the bathroom and left a valuable diamond ring there. Miss Bellingham entered the bathroom soon after the lady in question had vacated it. Shortly afterward there was a scene. Accusations passed to and fro, with the result that Miss Bellingham left the hotel. Previous to this event Miss Bellingham announced that she was going to visit Mr. and Mrs. Campbell for a few weeks. As’a matter of fact she was hired to wait on Mrs. Campbell, who is an invalid. De- tective Harper has a long list of articles stolen from the Campbells at the very time that Miss Bellingham was residing with them, consisting of valuable jewelry, money, clothing, silks and silverware. Among the articles stolen from the Campbells were many silver spoons and a real lace collar of special design. While_supposed to be visiting the Camp- bells, Miss Bellingham called at the Stew- art to make social calls, wearing a lace collar which is described by those who saw it as being similar in every respect to the one purloined from Mrs Campbell. Another remarkable similarity was the possession by Miss Bellingham of em- of the ladies residing at the Stewart tells of a peculiar brooch which the little Eng- lishwoman wore when on a visit, such a brooch also figuring in the list of stolen goods from the Campbell residence. A young student of St. Ignatius College, who called upon Miss Bellingham during the summer, tells of seeing in her open trunk a number of silver spoons, and his description of them tallles with that of the spoons which formerly adorned the Campbells’ tables. A rigid search of all the pawnshops in this city failed to discover the slightest trace of any of the articles stolen from the Stewart Hotel or from the Campbell residence. The detectives, however, ‘did discover that Miss Bellingham had, duflng the summer, pawned the jewelry whic! she wore on her arrival at the hotel. Detective H: T some weeks ago traced the trunks of Miss Bellingham to a stor- age warehouse and searched them. Why he did so he declines to tell. The Christmas News Letter. *Only three stories, but the best. One is by W. C. Morrow. Another is by Carroll Carrington. Morrow can write; ditto Carrington. There is a ringing poem by Irwin. ‘Wallace Irwin writes what is read. The dramatic article is by Stevens. Ashton Stevens knows his subject. By prominent Californians 22 articles. Every one is authoritative. Willis Polk on architecture. ank statements and his own draw- ings. Foaquin Miller contributes an essay. It is blended prose and poetry. It is the best of Miller in years. These are only a few features. Order coples now; send 'em to friends. 2 cents—quarter-dollar—the price. At every news stand. Also boys shouting in the streets. See this and forget Christmas cards. The record of record numbers. ll pr of surpassing picture and prin Famous artists have painted special canvases. These have been magnificently repro- duced. Francisco has received many gifts. Some from millionaires; some from oth- ers. 48 of them are exquisitely reproduced. Find out what your townsmen have done for you and the city. Only 4 pages of illustration. But the %est of modern art. The record of record numbers. BENJAMIN DII FROM A FRACTURED SKULL Edward Shirran, the Young Attorney Who Struck Him, Will Sur- render 1£. H. Benjamin, the old auctioneer who was struck by Edward Shirran, a young attorney, at Sixth and Market streets No- vember 9 and fell, striking his head on the sidewalk, died at his residence yester- day morning. His skull had been frac- tured. Benjamin and & friend, John Tun- gate, were both assaulted by Shirran, who claimed that they made an insulting re- mark to his wife, who was with him at the time. Shirrap was arrested on a charge of bat- tery and the case was assigned to Jud Mogan’s court, but continued pending the Teeult of Benjamin's injuries, Shirramn went to Modesto on business, but on learring that Benjamin was dying wired Captain Seymour Sunday that he would mart lt‘nr this city at once and surrender mself. Benjamin’'s son, Teenie, has a_charge of grand larceny against him in Judge Mo- gan's court, and when the Judge learned esterday that the boy's father was dead Eeism sy e coul & continud case till December 27. e e ——— Be Sure and Attend The greatest assignee sale of clothing. 1 will ell to-morrow men’s genuine worsted suits that cost $15 for $ 85; also 450 covert cloth men’s suits, worth $20, for $8 90. Come one, come all, to the Boston, 775 Market st., P. C. Kelly, assignee. - o R e Mining Suits Dismissed. United States Circuit Judge Morrow yes- terday dismissed the action of the Pea- body Gold Mining Company vs. Gold Hill Mining Company to quiet title to three pieces of mining property in the northern part of this State. OSEPH FIGEL, MERCHANT TAI- R. The latest stvles to select from. Suits from $20 upward. Overcoats, fancy vests, etc., at tly reduced prices. Sec- ot Hoor Fiood Bidg, Foureh and Market. The young men who | broidered napkins that were counterparts | of those which Mrs. Campbell lost. One | | Crusoe). NIGHT SCHOOL: HOW TO DO THINGS. Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton. NIGHT SCHOOL COURSE. XIX—HOW TO AVOID COMMON BLUNDERS. BY PROFESSOR H. G. BUEHLER. In the use of Articles, Adjectives and Adverbs. The articles are the words “a,” and “the.” A common blunder in the use of articles consists in using “a” for “an” and viee versa. “A" and “an” are different forms of the same word, and the choice between them in the usage of good speakers and writers is determined by sound. Before a vowel sound “an” is used; before a con- sonant sound “a” is used. Sound and spelling do not always coin- cide. For example, “one” and “unit” be- 8in with vowels, but ihe initial sow are those of the consonants “w’ and “y’ In “won” and “you”; therafore, we say “a unit,” “such a one.” *“Honor" begins with a eonsonant, but the initial sound is that of the vowe! “0” in “onset’”; there- fore, we say “an honor.” Usage is divided as to “a’ or “an” be- fore words beginning with “h” and ac- cented on the second syllable. We say “an historical sketch” or “a historical sxetch,” according to taste. The use of a superfluous “a’” or “an” before a class name, especially after the “gn” words “sort# and “kind,”” is a common and obstinate error. We may say, “This is an.eagle,” meaning ‘“one eagle.” But We may not say, “An eagle is our national bird,"” “This is a rare kind of an eagle,” or “It is not worthy of the name of an because in these sentences is used as the name, not of a single bird, but of a class of birds, and includes in its meaning all the birds which belong to the class called “‘eagle.” Another blunder in the use of articles occurs when a person forgets that “A pink and lavender gown" is not the same thing as “A pink and a lavender gown." The first expression in which the article is used only once denotes a single gown of mixed color. The second expression, in which the article is repeated, denotes two gowns, one pink, the other lavender. Similarly, “The secretary and treasurer”” denotes one person, while “The secretary and the treasurer’” denotes two. Adjectives and adverbs are best consid- ered together in an account of common blunders in using them. An adjective is a word joined to a noun or a pronoun by way of limitation or de- scription: as “Black horses”; “He is lazy.” An adverb is a word joined by way of limitation to verbs, adjectives and other adverbs: as, “The horses ran fast”; “She sang well.” The most common form of adverb In literary English ends in “-ly.” It is made freely from all kinds of adjectives except those that already end in djec- tives that already end in ‘“-ly,” as “liv ly" and “friendly,” usually bave no cor- responding adverb. We use instead some verbial phrase: as “in a friendly way,’ Adjectives used as adver quent in literature of the s eighteenth centuries: as, “Then was the king exceeding glad” (Daniel, vi, 23); “The sea went dreadful high” (Robinson They also occur somewhat free- 1y in modern poetry. In modern literary prose they are seldom used, good writers preferring the adverbial forms in “-]{," except in a few cases which may be learned by observation; “Pitch ddrk’”: “He ran fast”: ‘‘Come 'quick™; “Stand right”; “I bought it cheap.” A very common blunder is to use the adjective “good” for the adverb “well” as in the incorrect sentence, “This will_not_write g0od.”” “Good” should be used only as an adjective describing a noun or a pronoun, never as an adverb limiting a verb. The following sentences are correct: ‘‘He had a good sleep”; “He slept well.” his (plural these) and that (plural those) are the only adjectives in English that have distinct forms for the plural. A common mistake s to use the plural forms with singular collective nouns: as “kind,” ‘‘class,” ‘“‘sort. The folWving sentences are correct: at _kind of house is common in New England”; “How do you like this sort of horse?" Persons are sometimes in doubt whether to use an adjective or an adverb after certain verbs as “grow,” “look,” “sound,” “smell,” ‘“taste.”” If the added word ap- lies to the subject of the verb, it should ge an adjective; if to the verb, it should be an adverb. We say, “We feel warm.” when we mean that we are warm:. we say, “We feel warmly on this subject,’ when we mean that our feeling is warm. “As a rule, it is proper to use an adjective whenever some form of the verb ‘to be' or ‘to seem’ may be substituted for the verb, an adverb when no such substitu- tion can be lknwe,;fllThus H:' looked angry; he spoke angrily.” mes we mnx)ryuse el(pher adjective or adverb with no difference in meaning: as, * sitting quiet (quietly) round the fi following sentences are correct: feels smooth”"; “Roses smell sweet’ wind blew furiously”; “The men fought gallantly”’; “Ethel looked beautiful in her new gown'’; “‘He has acted strangely. Sometimes blunders in the use of ad- jectives and adverbs are committed in comparing_two or more things with one another. To say, “Iron is more useful than any metal'” Is clearly incorrect, be- cause iron is included in “any metal.” and of course iron is not more useful than itself. We must in thought set fron off in a gclass by itself, which we can do by inserting “other” after ‘‘any.” “Iron is more useful than any other metal” Is correct. After comparatives accompanied by “than,” the words “any’’ and “all” should be followed by “‘ether.” To say “Iron is the most useful of any (or any other) metal” is also clearly in- correct, because we mean that iron is the most useful, not of “‘one metal (no matter which),” or of ‘‘some metals (no matter which),” but of al metal: We should therefore omit the word “any,’ saying simply “Iron is the most useful of (all) It is also incorrect to say “Iron is the most useful of all other metals, for iron is not one of the “other metals.” Beware of using "an{" or “other” with rlatives followed by *of.” musing * blunders are often made by the careless placing of words or groups of words used as adjectlves or adverbs. As a rule, a modifying word or group of words should come next to word or words which it modifies. The following blunders of this kind actually oceurr: in life: “A lady wants to sell her plano, as she o0ing abroad, in a strong iron frame. “]ost, a_green enameled lady’s watch.” “Wanted, a room by two gentlemen, about thirty feet long and twenty feet g 1 T L' “We all went to the seashore for a little fresh air from the city.” “Lost. a Scotch terrier, by a gentleman, with_his ears cut close.” “Wolsey left many buildings which he had begun at his death fh an unfinished state.” “My cousin caught a crab and took it home in a pail of water which we had for our tea.'” The placing of the word only requires special care. Observe how the position of only affects the meaning of the following sentences: “Only he lost his hat.” only lost his hat.” *“‘He lost onfi his hat,” or “He lost his hat only.” ‘“He lost his only hat.” p XX. HOW TO FIGURE LEVERAGE. This is a simple lesson in mechanics, quite easy enough for students who can solve ordinary exercises In elementary arithmetic. The lever is a rigid rod, movable about a fixed point in the rod. The fixed point is calld the fulcrum. It is understood that two forces act upon the lever besides the reaction of the fulcrum; these two forces we shall call the power and t welght. The arms of the lever are the mrpd' ‘lhc:\llr dlm:dce‘ ‘:)f tl;:.hllnm' of ac- n of power a e Wi from fulerum. In the exercises given here l'h: shall not consider the lever itself as hav- ing any weight. The balance is a lever of what is called the first class. The fulerum is between . 4 - the weight and the power, or, instance, between the two weights. > o+ The steelyard is another lever of this class. A crowbar, a poker raising coals, using the bar of a grate as a fulerum, and the handle of a pump are levers of this class. Scissors, nippers, nut crack- ers, etc., are double levers of this class. Note illustration: L3 In a lever of the second class the weight is between the power and the fulerum, A wheelbarrow is an example of this class, or the oar of a boat, the water being the fulcrum. A nut cracker is a good example L - + * of a double lever of this class. Note il- lustration. ¥ - L " One of the most important problems which an engineer has to soive {8 how to raise heavy weights. With a lever the ratio of the two forces, the power and the weight, may be made by properly arrang- ing the length of the arms, as small or as great as we please. Hence we may with a lever support as great a weight as we please with as small a force as we please, rovided the fulcrum is fixed and the lever s_strong enough. The capacity for counteracting a large force with a smaller one is called mec! fcal advantage. A lever of the first class has mechanical advantage when the pow- er arm is longer than the weight arm. A lever of the second class has always me- chanical advantage. It must be noticed, however, that when a lever raises a weight it will be found that the work done on the weight is ex- actly equal to the work done by the pow- er. For example, if a weight of 100 pounds is supported bv a force of five pounds with a lever of the first class the arm of the power is twenty timbs gs long as the arm of the weight, and it therefore must move through twenty times the distance through which the weight moves. What is gained In force is lost in distance mov General Rule.—Power X Its Arm Equals Weight X Its Arm. If we know the length of the arms, that 1s. the distance between the power and the fulcrum and the distance between the welght and the fulcrum, and we know either the weight or the power, we can find the other. Exercises for Practice. 1. A lever has the fulcrum between the welght and the power. The welght is three inches from the fulcrum; the power is twenty-one inches from the fulcrum. What power will lift 140 pounds”? (Ans. 20 pounds.) 2. In a lever of the second class the arm of the power is thirty-six feet and the arm of the weight is twenty feet. What power will support a welght of ninety pounds? (Ans. 50 pounds.) 3. If 450 pounds be applied at the end of a lever inches from the fulerum, what weight will it lift forty-five inches from the fulecrum? (Ans. 1440 pounds.) LIEBIG COMPANY’S EXTRACT of Beef simplifies sick room cookery. A cup of rich beef tea in a minute, before the invalid’s fancy for food has passed away. T ':- signature in blue : weight of