The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 6, 1900, Page 9

\ THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, JULY 6, 1900. ¢ IJURIGUS DELAY 1 ISSUANCE OF CERTIFCHTES School Board's Dilatory Methods Cause Two to Lapse. ERESE AW t Be Guided by the Recom- tions of Examiners—Di- rectors Snub Public Im- provement League. i The ation demonstrated t be guided by e Board of E: rewals of cert department, ake Investiga on its own accou will be ompt in r erint Webster s E. J. McGreevy, T d for on year newed. Her tory after i Miss Margaret as of the for diplom: CYCLERS MUST OBEY THE PARK ORDINANCE is H. Pitman Arrested for Hav- His Hands Off the Guiding Bar. secretary of the ppeared in harge e was Cyclers dett t the de- rds had taken for a moment ation from tt him m and placed him e e———————— NO EXTRA COMPENSATION FOR REGISTRATION CLERKS Auditor Wells Decides That Payment | for Overtime Is Not Authorized | by Law. i lection Com- esterday that e must work ra compensation. n on the matter. office must f the force r half do of work | ssary | audit the for st gement ne decid O’ Rour horses, Thomas 1 pro- payment of 0 Rourke attorney is of the opin- 2dit th rac o is in force until the d in e courts, and only an Il prevent O'Rourke from re. money. ORTIONMENT MADE OF EXCESS REVENUE APP Expert Show Williams Prepares Figures ing That Five Funds Will Be Enriched. « Villiams prepared figures what disposition will | be ? (he excess revenue which will | nerease of $20,000,000 in perty roll, ,000. which excess The apportion- 30,080 | 12,489 | 12,40 | al fund of $17 d on bonds held to be urt will be repaid amount is $66.785, of v back $12,160, leav- al fund. —————— Gratitude. ved at the Mayor's from Colonel J. E. Bar- 1 Pennsylvania Regiment AHELA CITY, Pa., July 4 5. Mavor of San Franclsco: se Tenth Pennsylvania ibled express to you and U 10 the citizens of San Yacent communities their last. ppre n of the sympathy, honors and ality béstowed upon them while they “ate camped by the G 4. E. BARNETT, Colonel | Ask That Administrator of Their | whose names | mand an ordinance fixing the hours of SHERIFF DOES NOT WANT BROADWAY JAIL ABAVDONED Plan Suggested by Mayor Is Not Approved by Lackmann. PEE R T Kl To Transfer Incarcerated Omes to Near Ingleside Would Mean a Great Deal of Trouble. s | s suggestion that Jall . be abandoned, meets with tion from Sneriff Lackmann. Mayor Phe! iy 1, on Br decided ¢ According to the Mayor it would be of benefit to the city to have the inmates of Broadw il t nsferred to Jail No. Ingleside. Sb riff Lackmann Sa‘d‘ i change would not be advisable, | for the detention at present con- | of the class of fined in the a 1 would n an expenditure of a considerable ain the prisoners of Jail No. 1 are summoned to the courts every da: make a trip of six miles morning evening, which would be necessary were the ed ones transferred to Jail No loss of time, | which_in at inconvenience. | The Broadway dmit, is & 1its interior arrange- | latest, but it is far| ve prisoners | chanics ge and prison in a sta nge, to my idea, | 1ding, a: not of the very old ments are wise mov | nnual report of A. J. Martin, Sup- t of Jail No. 2, is in the Sheriff. A decided imp in the condition of a rs at t in the matter & kept tho also a decrease ¥ n reports h under hi rge I and says he has been enabled to keep the jail in a good condition, and at a nominal expense. SMADEKE'S DAUGHTERS l CARRY WOES TO COURT| Father’'s Estate Be Dis- charged. Alice R d Adelheid M. F. Smadeke have pe i the Superior Court to re- voke and set as the L account flled by John J. Smadeke, administrator of the estate of their late father, William Sma deke, on the ground that a charge of $2 de by the administrator for the ma nance and support of the young lad med was excessive and improper. Mis- | Alice Smadeke, who has just attained her , also asks that r f administration upon the t of her deceased parent and that those held by John J. Smadeke be revoked. | In an affidavit accompanying the peti- | to set aside and revoke the last ac- | of the administrator the deponents | forth in detail their troubles since the of their parent three years ago. set death After the death of thelr father, they al- lege, they went to live with John J. Sma | deke, but on the death of his wife they | went to live under the care of Mrs. Holtz, | the administrator’s sister, at 3336 Twenty- | t street. At no time were they given | sensive clothing, they s: and were | h only the necessaries of life. | was taken out of school to | Kk and for two years last have done half the housework v of rubbed floors and they continue, W, tly were locked out of the house as a hment for returning to their home minutes_late, and they assert that f it had not been for the neighbors, who took them in and cared for them, they | e been forced to walk the| t all night. Continuing, they claim that John J.! madeke has money which is now the | her roperty of Alice, she having attained rity, but he refuses to give it up. they pray that he be cited to ap- r d show cause why the prayer of petitioners should not be granted. CONTEST WILL OF TH LATE JOAN N. G. HUNTER Her Brother and Sister Make Formal Charges That She Was Unduly Influenced. Once again is the e of the late John Hunter to be the object of legal contro- A contest of the will of Mrs. Joan N. Hunter, widow of John Hunter, v esterday by James Gowans, a D hen and Cathering Gowans Deans, & sister of the deceased. John Hunter died several years ago, Jeaving an estate valued at $1.250,000. Eng- lish heirs forthwith filed a contest of his 1, which Mrs. Hunter defended. A compromise was finally effected, how- ever. and Mrs. Hunter came into peace- ful possession of property valued at over llion dollars. * Recently Mrs. Hunter died. In her will | ghe distributed her estate among various relatives and also remembered relatives of her deceased husband. Her brother 2nd her sister, however, were not satis- fied with the disposition’she made of her estate and have filed a contest. They al- lege that Mrs. Hunter did mnot sign the contested testament, br:‘;“h”;h(lmwls\?\; B:‘; same before a5 kRO leOg e s appear ihereon. If these allegations are proved to have been un- founded, then the contestants will fall back on the allegations that at the time che signed the will Mrs. Hunter was of fncound mind, was under the undue in- fluence of divers persons who reside in | this city, and was actuated by fraudulent misrepresentations made by "these same parties. A. Ruef appears as counsel for the contestants. e e———— Fish Men Want Shorter Hours. The wholesale fish dealers, with the ex- ception of one, have all joined in the pe- tition to the Board of Supervisors for the passage of an ordinance shortening theé hours of labor of those concerned in that | business. N. BE. de Luca has written an | open letter on behalf of the dealers and | their employes, in which he says that .. Paladini has protested against the ordi- | nance without just reasons therefor. S After making certain statements,” says | Mr. de Luca, “which are incorrect, and without denying the grounds of our peti- | ion, Mr. Palaslni states that this is a free country and that the hours of labor | hould mot be fixed, because every man | is permitted to open and close his place of | business as it may suit him. According to Mr. Paladini, a keeper of a dive on the Barbary Coast has a right to object to an ordinance closing ail dives at a given hour because it would injure his ousiness. All | the fish dealers and their employes de- PR SPIDE SN D PDN SP DA S SEN S S S labor reasonably, with due regard to the rights of employers and employes, to be obeyed by all engaged in the fish business and within the bounds of humanity." e e Patrick Finnegan Dies Suddenly. Patrick Finnegan, a miner, who came from Modesto to this city a few days ago, died suddenly at 3 o'clock yesterday after- noon in_his room in the Clay Street House, No. 3 Clay street. He complained early in the morning of pains in the re gion of the heart, and Dr. McKenzie pre- gcribed some powders for him. Mr. Fin- negan was 83 years old and rather feeble. e Wothing Just as Good -NUTRINE can be found in any drug &. for urposes for which Malt-Nutrin the t is superior to all other tonle itute should be accepted, Made 4 In the Divorce Court. Lena A. Underhill was granted a divorce from W. Underhill yesterday by Judge Bahes the ground of wil Sults afl" UVomln:-ve been mfi“byn ?lut. Lester t Lulu May Ma; [~ field, for cruel and Michael J." Kelley egalnst "Aivina H. Kelley, for infidenty. [ IS SO S AR A SO S S e e S SR S L A AR s e e s a s ae aaan e e b e ad s e o e e o | | 917 Bush street, accused As: | 9 | of having appropriated a private pape B o e S e o 3 e o B e e e e R e e o g 1 D T S e R R N S A A : % ; ASS (BUBONIC) IN A LOOKING GLASS. Mr. Edelman’s back was turned to Mayor Phelan, and the latter took advantage of this fact to make some facial grimaces and to raise both hands to his ears and shake them in the manner that is employed by some in seeking to cast ridicule upon a Jewish person. man laughed outright. ddenly wheeled around and confronted his tormentor. They were plainly in sympathy with Mr. Edelman. mittee, so he turned his back to the Mayor again and said contemptuously: “I was addressing the chairman, a polite and honorable gentleman, and one too high-minded to take advantage of any ' one when his back is turned.”—From a Kansas City special dispatch to The Call. But Mayor Phelan was unaware that his movements were reflected in a mirror, and Delegate Edel- The Mayor was abashed, whereat some of those in the room The latter did not care to make a scene in com- SAYS ASSESSOR APPROPRIATED A PRIVATE PAPER C. G. Hooker Objects to a Valuation Made in a Peculiar Way. The only exciting incident of the meet- ing yesterday of the Board of Supervisors, sitting as a Board of Equalization, oc- curred when C. G. Hooker, a capitalist of essor Dodge, who was present in an advisory capacity on which to base Hooker's assessment. Hooker was cited some time ago by Dodge and testified to his personal belongings. He inadvertently left a memorandum of certaln bonds valued at $130,000 owned by him on the Assessor's desk, and that offi- cial took advantage of the captured evi- dence to arbitrarily assess at $56,000 bonds of the Southern Pacific Company of Ari- zona, the other bonds being unassessable. Dodge also assessed Hooker for $8800, moneys in bank, and the last named ap- plied for the elimination of the two items from the assessment roll. He asked that his assessment be reduced from $70,220 to The Assessor had no right,” said Hooker, “'to assess me on a private mem- orandum showing what bonds I owned one year ago. He also tore the date off, and 1 say he is not an honest man. 1 did own the bonds a year ago, but that is no reason why I should be assessed for them now. Dodge refused to give the paper back to me, though I repeatedly requested him to do so.” Dodge replied in his own defense that it was the Assessor's duty to assess prop- erty on whatever evidence he could dis- cover, and that he had the power, under the law, to assess property that had been concealed at ten times its vaiue. The board decided that the assessment on the bonds should stand at $56,000, since they had been issued by a dorporation foreign to this State. The only satisfac- tion Hooker received was the striking off of the bank. The board heard a number of other ap- plications for reductions and cancella- tions of arbitrary assessments. After the property owners had explained their rea- sons for desiring the reduction the As- sessor made his recommendations and the board took favorable o unfavorabie ac- tion. ¢ A. Warren objected to being assess- ea for $15000 solvent credits. Dodge claimed that the Fair Estate had sworn to owing Warren the sum of $15,000, which had been deducted from the estate’s as- sessment. Warren testified that he had received two payments from the estate of $9706 50 and $9009, which he had imme- diately paid over to other firms. Warren claimed' that he does a cash business, and when he succeeded the firm of War- ren & Malley he did so without any lia- bilities. The clerk was ordered to notify the agent of the Fair Estate to be prese to testify as to when the money was paid and Warren was also cited to appear. The following reductions were allowed: Adolph Marks, real estate—from § to Fred C. Peters, Improvements—S$7500 to 00. Justinian Caire Co., improvements on Market stivet, near Second—$6i00 to $1650. Jeremiah Daly, improvements and real es- tate—$1700 to $1400. John F. Sullivan, improvements—$600 to $400. M. A. Cachot, real estate—$5000 to $1000. The applications for reductions made by the following named were denied: K. Vatuone, G. Podesta, Emile Woenne, Charles Flelscher, Johin J. Cunningham, Betey Silverstone, James Daly, James H Robertson and Robert Ward. The clerlcal errors in the personal prop- erty assessments of Morris Mendel, Mendel and Casper Fitch were ordered canceled. The board adjourned to meet on Tuesday afternoon at 1:30 o'clock, when further applications will be heard. —_—————————— More Hospital Internes. Drs. R. M. Dodsworth, W. M. Bruce and B. F. Willlams have been selected by the College of Physicians and Surgeons as its internes for the coming year at the City and County Hospital. Dr. Frank Krull assessment of $5800 on money in has been named as an interne by Cooper | College. The young men were put through a non-competitive examination by the Board of Health yesterday. Duty on Wood Alcohol. 0. L. Spaulding, Acting Secretary of the Treasvry, notified Customs Collector Jackson yesterday that methyl or wood alcohol 1s properly classifiable as an un- envmerate‘f manufactured article assess- able with duty of 20 per cent ad valorem. L e e e S e e e o e e e e et S e e o ) b | | | | NEWS FROM THE OCEAN AND THE WATER FRONT New Four-Masted Schooner William Olson Put in Commission. The handsome new schooner William Olson, built by Hay & Wright, was the center of attraction on the water front yesterday as she: lay alongside Mission- street wharf. Decked with bunting she was the most admired vessel In the bay. Mexican trade and her advent notes the growth of the trade between Californian and Mexican ports. In 1880 Captain Willlam Olson_went_into this trade with | the schooner John N. Ingalls. After he s0ld the Ingalls he secured the Czar, then the General Banning, then the 'Lena Sweasey, and last of all the Willlam Olson. ‘In speaking of her yesterday Cap- tain Olson said: “She is the best vessel that has ever come out of Hay & Wright's ment for California in Mexican ports.” The Olson is now ready for sea and be- fore she started on her maiden voyage Captaln Olson, Captain P. Hutman, the master of the new schooner, and the other owners decided to give a reception on board. The cabin_and officers’ quarters after hatch to the taffrail there was one large room inclosed in canvas and covered with flags and flowers. Dozens of friends of the owners and skipper appeared in answer to the nvitations and in conse- quence there was a constant succession of visitors during the afternoon. Among those who visited the vessel were F. Schlott, W. Park, F. Parks, W. H. Cur- rier, F. Talbot, C, D. Bunker, H, Master- son, N, Hickman, A. Hay, D. James, B. A. Tietjen, E. B. Wright, P. Kellogg and A. Heilbronner. Nearlg all these gentlemen were accompanied by their wives and a most enjoyable time was spent aboard. The Willlam Olson is 162 feet long, 37 | feet beam and 12 feet 6 inches deep. She is about the fifteenth vessel turnea out from the Alameda Point shipyards dur- ing the past three years. Among the others are the steamers Charles Nelson and Kalulani and_the schooners Honoipu Robert R. Hind, John D. Tailant, Expan- sion, Filipino and Luzon. The William Olson was to have gone at once into the Mexlcanhtrnafil, gu! owing to the hurricane season she will first make - olutu for a Joad of sugar, Co° P to Hon Aftermath of the Fourth. Thomas O'Brien wound up a Fourth July ;ns by jumping oft Mlsslan-stre:f ended to by Dr. B: the Harbar flospital, *° " PR . F. Gilmore, an employe of th - fornia Street Raflway (,J::m);any. kiy‘i%','e his life through his carelessness. A Fourth of July cannon exploded in his hands and the charge m;«l’ in one palm. This was several days ago, and he paid no attention to the wound. ' Yesterday he got scared and went to the Harbor llog. pital. Dr. Dray told him that mortifica- tion had already set in, and advised him to have the wound opened up. Assistant Superintendent F. D. Griffin of the postal service got a great scare on the Fourth. He was sitting in his office in the ferry depot, when a il-clllher bul- let came through the window. The shat- tered glass cut a few gashes in his head, but otherwise Mr. Griffin is ready for work. als sttt hud Harbor Commissioners Meet. The usual meeting of the Harl mission was held yesterday. bcgoggm street whar( was set apart for the trans- port service at a monthly rental of $1500, The City Street Improvement Company ha:a gn(sfig !;5 perdc:‘l'l,t Ottm the new wharf al [OW an e Daviment ot 5197 % made to o OTdered a He Fell Three Stories. ‘William Daniel had a narrow es from instant death on the corner olc. ‘a- cific and Kearny streets yesterday. He was fixing a fire escape on a bulldin; there, when he lost his balance and fel three stories to the pavement. At the Harbor Hospital Drs. Dray and Irones found that he had a possibie fracture of uze' :}:‘l:k“g?’ncglgen of the ‘an, a lac- eraf 2 e scalp and possib] - ternal injuries. = ‘Water Front Notes. :h.dhllvna.t‘?lnmn oy o T"{ fl':"wm be accompanied by u’mm family., ghiciher, e s TR oS panied by his wife and son. The William Olson has been built for the | yard and she will prove a_great advertise- | were decked with flowers, while from the | At the boglnnlngrov( this century there were living in Europe two physicians | who were destined to revolutionize the | practice of medicine throughout the world and for all time. These two men were Edward Jenner, the discoverer of vacei- nation, and Samuel Hahnemann, the founder of homeopathy To these men more than to any others in the world’s history are we indebted for the rational and scientific attitude of medicine to-day. Both of them met with great opposition, amounting in one case | to persecution, but each lived to see his ideas and theories accepted by a muiti- | tude of followers, and both died at a ripe old age, after leaving an impress on the pages of medical history that is in- effaceable. ; In 1800 the first vaccination in America, after Jenner's method, was performed by Dr. Waterhouse of Harvard College, upon | his own children. Some years previously | Jenner had published his discovery a had described minutely the investigations and experiments which had led up to it In this same year, after patient waiting and much detraction, he was received at court by the King and Queen of England, and shortly after was granted an honor- arium of £10,00 by act of Parliament, which was subsequently increased to £20,000. Up to the ti smallpox was @ the greatest Ty d been the me of Jenner's d! or centuries I : in the history of werld. It wa dreaded than’ chd for those of its or the black death, f at it did not kill it rendered un- sight by its horrible markings. To-day the mortality from | throughout civiiized nations is i | mal and its only victims are practically | those who_obstinately refuse to be vac- | cinated. Previous to this time the lives | of human beings were menaced not uxll)’i | | | g smallpox inite by smallpox, but quite as much so by the lancet and the leech, the pills and the powders of the regular physician. For 2000 years blocdletting had been in | eginning of the nime- | s carried to extremes never reached before. It was the custom for persons to be bled twice a | whether sick or well—if well, to ward oft those humors which if retained in the system might induce sickness. | The extent to which this practice was carried is almost incredible. Men and women were bled until they swooned, and after partial recuperation, if still sick or weak, were bled again and again. In order to obviate the sight of blood without parting with the beneficent (?) in- fluences of depletion, a French physician | by the name of Broussals advocated the use of leeches instead of the lancet and organized a sort of leech trust. He is sald to have used 100,000 leeches in the wards of his private hospital in a single vear, while his immediate follower, Boull- greatly surpassed.his teacher in the excessive use of his favorite instrument. Eleeding went hand in hand with the | most excessive use of drugs, and it is difficult to say which treatment claimed | the most victims. The sick one could | choose between taking two or three cunces of saltpeter per day or from forty to sixty grains of gamboge at a dose, or | having from a pint to a quart of blood | removed from his veins. Simple pre- vogue, but at the teenth century It w scriptions were seldom if ever made. The | polypharmacists were here, there and everywhere. They apparently vied with each other as to who could write the longest prescriptions and give the largest doses. Many of these prescriptions had been handed down through the centuries and the number of ingredients thereof had suffered no depletion from age. It was no uncommon thing for a medicine to contain from twenty to forty different drugs, and often from forty to sixty. This was the state of the medical art— no one as_ yet claimed that it was a science—when Samuel Hahnemann at- | tracted attention from the novelty and revolutionary character of his doctrines. | In 1500 Hahnemann was forty-eight years old. For fifteen years previously he had contended almost single-handed for the abolition of bleeding and for the sub- stitution of drugs which had been tried upon well persors and their effects and endencies definitely ascertained. He maintained that every drug had a specific action, an individuality all its own, which made it different from every other drug, and that no one could foretell the effect of twenty or fifty drugs compounded to- gether in one prescription. His successes in certain districts and in certain diseases had been marvelous and the friends of the new system had steadily increased. It was ten years later (1810) before he published to the world a complete account of his theories, experiments and deductions, which he called the “Organon of Medi- { cine.”” Tt is little wonder that he made | many enemies_and that their opposition was intensely bitter and unrelenting. He | had demonstrated that a single remedy, if | properly selected, could, even when given in minute doses, cure diseases which massive_doses and heroic measures had utterly failed to relieve. The apothecaries, even more than the doctors, were his bitter opponents, for they saw quite clearly that if the people accepted his doctrines their exchequers would suffer. They compelled him to per- sonally prepare his own medicines and then secured the passage of laws forbid- ding physicians to do so. These laws sore- Iy embarrassed Hahnemann and compelled him to change his residence several times, He finally went to Paris and died there after becoming famous the world over and after accomplishing the greatest revolu- tion ever recorded in the annals of medi- cine. However we may regard homeopathy as a distinct school of medicine or depre- cate the fact that there should be more than one school of medicine, future ages must concede that Hahnemann more than any other physician that ever lived placed medicine on a rational badis, He abolished practices and methods which had been in vogue for hundreds and hundreds of years —methods which are now looked back upon with horror and disgust. He ban- ished the lancet. He was the first phy- sician to study intelligently the natural history of disease. He gave an impetus to, if he did not originate, the systematic study of the Khyswlogi:-al action of drugs. He compelled men to think and observe. He assisted others to the discovery that active medicines are never neutral forces but forces which are ever potent for good or for harm. He taught the value of small doses and Insisted on accuracy in prescribing them. He _revolutionized pharmaceutical methods. His simple rem- edies were so easily swallowed that all other physicians were compelled to exert themselves to devise more elegant and less distasteful preparations for admin- istration to the sick. Many of Hahnemann's theories and dicta are now regarded as fantastical and are repudiated by the majority of his pro- fessed followers, but in the main it ma. be sald that no one else ever did so muc for rational therapeutics. Even his va- garies have been a lever of resistless gower in advancing scientific medicine and ringing it to the exalted place it oceu- es to-day. Pt ihese are not the only men who have left an imperishable impress on the pages of medic hmor{ during the nine- teenth century.: Only brief mention can be made of a few others and their achievements. The obstetrical forceps was first invent- ed, or at least its description was first ublished, by one Peter Chamberlain in 647, but until 1733 its shape and form were a family scoret; and this boon <o mother. hood did not come to the knowledge of the general physician until long after 1800, Its use was not yet taught in medical schools. Indeed, the. obstetrical forceps has been an evolution, and its perfected form does not date back over a quarter of a century. In obstetrical practice the next step worthy of notice is connected with the disgpvery of chloroform, in IS31, but this discovery remained practically unutilized until 1847, when Simpson, the Bnglish sur- n, used it with such success as to bring t into finenl notice. It was some years after this, however, before it began to be used to mitigate’or abolish the pains of labor, and while since then it has been a verl e “gift of the gods” in surgical it has nowhere been a grea: B8, Where wemen pave. e o travail. ® year, | £ | demand w ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF MEDICINE. Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF TWO CENTURIES. ————— removed a small tumor from the neck of a patient Two years later (1844) Dr. Ho: as for the painle e in »” medical branch :ral medicine. middle of the notable ent bu century the labor of doctors s of dise is w oth in man, and in the vegetable 11 en were purely scientists and ed study for s sake. Paste the greatest them all. His but passi laid the foundation of nee > one proi d most patient research demonstrated that putrefaction were mical changes, as had been previously believed, but by the & tion of living organisms of a low type Just about this time there oc i a ussion relative the which ed derson b 2 \ a com- who maifitained the vivum ex ovo.” On laid Pasteur a no less assiduous he structure of the of disease Wh IS of this . and while many as at present presented, illogical and premature, jon but that microscopic responsible for the compli- company se, if they cause the 4 e now belleved to ria or other and many dis- eved to be to be wer: theory 't as there is no qu life is largely ations wh caused Wl yrms of mi hich were formerly be! »n-transmissible are now known ta yus or infectious. was proven to be an ease. In this last year of century strenuous efforts are being > to prove that a certain variety of ponsible for what Is known as malaria. If these efforts are 1ccessful and means can be devised to xterminate this pest what a new bless- ing awaits mankind! But while much pa- tience must exercised before the full fruition of the germ theory can be gar- nered, already its beneficence is s in many directions and especially in the fleld o reventive medich: The history of modern sanitation is practically the history of bacteriology. Un- til the results of the laboratory were made manifest by clear demonstration the arian had no entjfic_ foundation on which to base his ruless The laboratory with its analytical methods bids fair to eclipse all other changes which medicine has undergone. People now demand pure food and pure drink. 1 the present decade such a d have been deemed utopian, It is now a well known fact that typhoid fever Is spread by means of _drinking water and by milk into which the germs of tyohoid have been accidentally intro- duced. It is also known that other diseases are disseminated throughout communities in a similar way and epidemics can be and are being controlled over which we wera formerly power! The present tus of medicine in this country as compared with that of 1800 is erhaps best shown by the higher stand- ard of medical education which now ob- tains. Even twenty-five years ago no American medical college required of its matriculants more than a rudimentary education, and some of them did not in- sist on that. Attendance on two annual courses of lectures of six months each was_enough to secure a_diploma. The teaching was almost wholly didactie. A man 21 years old could come fresh from In 1365 tuberculo: infectious d the the farm or the workshop and in two 4{;!{( ears could become a full-fledged Now the great majority of our colleges have extended their courses of Instruc tion to four years and the teaching is mostly clinical instead of didactic. Many colleges require preliminary study equiv- alent to high school graduation or a col- lege degree of A.B., while the require- ments for graduation in medicine are much more rigid than formerly. Besides this, most of the States require a snecial examination by a board of examiners who are independent of the colleges be- fore a license to practice is granted to graduates. The medical college ftself 1s a very dif- ferent institution from what it was at the beginning of the century or even fifty ¥ later, Now the college must be small indeed and poorly equipped that is not attached to some hospital, and it must have withal laboratories for the study of bacteriology, microscopy, urinalysis and organie chem. istry. Such equipments were undreamed of fifty years ago. But have these discoveries and achieve. T‘ar(x!u been of any positive benefit to man- nd? Let facts—undisputable facts—answer the question. In 190 the estimated dura- tion of human life was something less than thirty years; to-day it is over forty years. There are more centenarians living to-day than at any time during the Chris- tian era and this In spite of !ge fact that we live at a much more rapid rate than ever before and more real life 1s crowded into each year and month and day than ever befors in the world's_history. ROBT. N. TOOKER. Chieago. *Queen Vietoria was the first lady of rani Englgnd to take " ehlorotorm ta’ enfidnitth: which she did when her fourth child was born. Her previous labors had been tedious and pain- ful in the extreme. Her physician extraordi- nary was Dr. Charles Locock—afterward Str Charles Locock. He had used chloroform om Itke occasions {n his hospital work. but his ex- perience with it in grivate practice had been limited. However, promised the Queen a painless labor and ‘fulfilled his promises to the letter. When the Queen realized from what suffering she had been spared her gratitude was great, and In testimony thereof she proposed to give the doctor a title by way of recompense, which she subsequently did. When her intentions became known various newspapers began speculating as to the title she would bestow upon him and various sugges- tions were made apropos. None, however, were quite satisfactory to the public at large until Punch, In turn, suggested that under the cir- cumstances the most appropriate title which $he conld give him would be that of “Lord De- v HE SCRATCHED WINDOWS WITH HIS SOLITAIRE Luis Bracho, a Young Student, Ar- rested on a Charge of Malicious Mischief. Luls Bracho, from the City of Mexieo, who is a student at a private college at Menlo Park, amused himself early yester- day morning by scratching store window plate glass on the north sides of Market and Kearny streets with a diamond ring: which he wore on his finger. Nineteen windows altogether were dam: him. He wrs observed b Poll b Beach and Special Officer Husted, wh, placed him under arrest on a charge malicious mischief. He wore sthree di mond rings on his fingers and his on excuse was that he was drunk and afd not realize what he was doing. i The case was called in Judge Fri iy Testerdny merning R0 Ris o tinued Uil to-day. When the Judge ed the extent o e da racho done he ordered that hie. bail Yo bl from 310 to $200, which was promptly Tro- vided. s i Clarke Again Sues Baker., | A second suit was flled yesterday b"w H. Clarke, steward, against Charles i T. Baker, quartermaster of the tra rt Sumner, to recover $10,000 damages ;for false imprisonment. Clarke alleges Baker kept him Imbruoned—w‘wnfhfi does not state—for a riod of eig! n days, and fed him on bread and water excepting every ‘z!;l.lrtycu h;m he d ive him nourishment. SIYS o3 Tacadey Clatke asked Zor B0 000 damages for iries received ati the bhands of Baker and for false 6Bt for & Period Of forty-cight ROUM. i