The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, June 15, 1900, Page 9

JERMANPOPILS RECEIVE MEDALS D DIPLOWAS ndid Exercisesin Which raduating Class Par- ticipates. e nts Applaud While Bright Schol- Are Given the Just Reward 1heir Excellent Work. Sp } le G i f the Denman graduating n excel- School and Drawing s of the Humboldt. Ralph Maurer, . B. Thomp- igham, Har- A. Hicks, s Knox, Arthur Jo- Archite Humboldt A Soldier's presentation DIPLOMAS AWARDED TO ALL. -Four Pupils of Mission Gram- mar School Graduated. v = of the Mission graduated with appro- Torty rcises yesterday afternoon. The & presented: Charles Gunn; plano v > r; song. Miss Carrie Miss Minnie Budd and Miss Nel- mandolin and guitar duet, John - duet, Miss Con- Hillenbrand; piano ;P i’ Leo inth grade was an, the teacher, Sulliv dipl . made the pre- " follows: Drescher, . est Leeds, Annie Ross, 1 Jaguary, Am Jessie Letos nes ., Frank Brick- Anna _Schulonan, Engelbright, Natalia Anna Barthold, Naloskoska, Helen Frank Richter, her. Roth Haskell, ewburger and Blaine » received medals are Leo John Drescher, Carrie Man- Beran. e SPRING VALLEY GRADUATES. Diplomas and Medals Are Awarded to Deserving Pupils. of the ninth grade of the y Grammar School assembled he auditorium of the school yesterday ve their diplomas and medals. The inz ladies were all charmingly gowned white and made a pretty picture as they steod and voiced the song of wel- seph Clark, | F. Allen, | *® ed the evening's | omas amid great en- | ) THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, JUNE 15, 1900. ‘GRAND GROVE OF DRUIDS TO ANNUAL SESSION HERE _ HOLD - of Seventy-Nine . Minor Groves. ‘How Druidism Has Advanced During i, Last Term in State P SRR rove of the United An- der of Druids will meet in ixth annual session in the ¢ Temple on Sutter street, in . on the several ¢ 9th inst avs and rem: in and the representa- ct the business that shall the session and legislate for . e s evew . The grand Lewis, juni James F. advancing t markable The net gair period has was revived pended or numerical amed are the represe \d Grove from the M Mayed, Charles John Les L. J. Peri, Henry A AW o Carison, A. Anderson, H. Christensen, A. L. ds 2-T. R , Carl Becl 22—A. M. Gubotti, F. Harting. 3_Thomas Linton, T. J. Br: Charles Achard | 34—R. A. Sorenson. R. Grav ady, John Kar August Simon, J H oser Cavalli, Frank Seray, J . Forni, M. P. Garner, J. G dy, H. Sanger. Sonoggini J. Cunba, F. M. Ramos, s, J. C. Fernapdes. D. D. Tiimon, C. H. Hoar. Drucker, John_ ‘Representatives } > e oebeo e eoeieo@®@ \ g San s e ol dn o o o e od e e o ] ® R A e e o S S e s RS S <D GROVECF T) A ~t=;-”€l STATE OF Q- TALIFORNA S \ HENRY LANG . G.H.BERTRAM SEE, THOSE WHO ASPIRE TO BE- COME OFFICERS OF THE NEXT GRAND GROVE. 40400+ 0-00-0@Q L e R R R R S SRS 1 P R A s AL R R o s 2 90@‘0@0@0—@40—«0‘0-040-00000« obson, G. Y. Smith, A. on. Lovie, James Stafford. Joseph Alberti, T. P. Kapperman, W. F. . F. Clayiri. Harman, H. G. Alberts, W. Heason, Ole Hansen, ich, H. Miller, J. L. Lowe, Banks Maganini, H. A. Miller, H. O. Brooks . e, §. Cuicl, A. G. Bu- Wretman, J. P. Bengtson, tagson. Acgustapace, Glo- ¢ The Candidates for i Grand Offices—A @+ et e i aiteieieies® —_— Gain in Member- ship Has Been Very Noticeable. —— Ball to Be Given. e nanni Banchero, Dominico Navone, Agostina Muzzio. Luis de Camoens, 81—M. S. Linia, 8. G. Al- dine. Pleasanton, §2—J. P. Rose, Frank Lewis, N. alt 5. Pine. | X; To 523—D. Demartini, A. W. Dado, P. Calige: Dante, $—F. Bondietti, V. Bamarini, L. Granuccie. Acoriar, $6—A. C. Nunes, M. §. Neves, J. 8. Silveriea. -0 604-D0 S04 Missior J. N. Johnson | Voit 5. Ragsi, G. Baldis- sone, lente, h , George Black. Cayuccs, ¢ Washingt Hodges. ( A [ 4 B. Laiol, 5. Fregosi. G. Morelli, Fran- Pezzolo, F. Pezzolo, Cordano. n, C. J. Schmidt. G.” Mazzei, Michell, M. Muller, anklin, legretti, A M Lima, M. D. Sanches. ler | R. Vanuechl. | vich, F. Roux Ganlc on, P. C. Mullaglov H 1 E Fortuni, angiacomo, P, Devoto, G. Baffizo, D. Pallaiga, L. Fione M. Angeli, Pozzl, G. Mariani, B. 1lilams. ] Lonigo. | . K. Besmer. Mark Belloni. Louttit, Charles de »wie, Frederick Meu- in | Valleegia N 1 schmide i nt noble grand arch will be- ! e grand arch and he eded by Henry Lange of St. at_present deputy ncble He has been a Druid for more than 4 quarter of a century and has during that lime made many friends in Jules S. Godeau, at g . will be most undout deputy grand arch, one as a candidate against him. He is a member of Perseverance Grove of this city. John M. Graves, who has heen grand secretary for years, will be a candidate for re-election. He is a mem- ber of Modesto Grove. E. H. Goetze will not be a candidate for the office of grand treasurer that he has fiiled for several vears. The only one spoken of for that position is James Hagan of Laurel Grove of this eit. For the office of grand mar- shal G. Bertram of Norma Grove and | . Guglieimoni of Aurora Grove will be ndidates. Three supreme representa- tives will be selected from the followin, named past grand noble arches: J. . Martinoni. F. Cavagnaro., E. H. Goetze, George W. Lovie, Frank Lewis and E. L. Wagner. The Supreme Grove will meet in_Indianapolis on the 14th of August. During the session of the a new Olympia_Grove will be dedicated by the | grand officers with Druidic ceremonies. | There will also be a grand ball in henor | of the grand officers and representative: Grand Grove | come. programme, There was a splendid impromptu after which Principal Silas A. White awarded the diplomas ard medals. Mrs. Taylor, the class teacher, pinned the medals on the breasts of the fortunate pupils. mas: | Mary E._Alberti, Addie E. Buker, Nina W. Boyle, Lilllan M. Craiz, Etta M_Canty, Ethel W, Cayot. Florence E. Collins, Nellle L. Flan- agan, Liliie P. Hansell, Stella F. Hencke, Liz- Hubbard, Nelita M. Kruger, Rose Mc- Donough, Louise M. Patris, Tda Philpott, Annie Antoinette Tay- Rawlineon, Marie O. Strohfin, jor, Bertha Van Wie, a_ C. Vennekohl, Henriette Veiller, Gretta Waterman, Percy Robert Dunlop. William Lori: adfeid, ng, Herbert Manners, Herman Westefeld. Louisa Patris_ and Edna_ Vennekohl were awarded Denman medals. Percy Cecil received the Bridge medal and Mary Alberti, Stella Hencke and Herbert Man- ners each received one of the handsome medals awarded by Silas White, the prin- cipal of the school. P)n Saturday the graduates will be the guests of Principal White at an afternoon reception, between the hours of 2 and 4, at his residence on Union street. The programme for the afternoon was as fol- lows: Musie, Antoinette Taylor: song, ‘‘Freedom Forever,” class: recitation, “Wishing,” Nelita Kruger; essay, -‘Class of * Henriette Vell- Jer: recitatios o Wae L' William Loring: song, “Driftin recitation, ‘“When the Minister Comes to Tea.” M. Strohlin; plano solo, Nelita Kruger: dialogue, Ethel Cayot, Arthur Dejune, Arthur Johnston: violin solo. Aul: reading, McDonough: recita- ‘The Church Fai da Phiipott: song, rdian Angel “The Recessional,” presentation alute the * class; CONVENT GIRLS GRADUATE. | TR s | Closing Exercises of St. Vincent | School at Alcazar. | 'The stage of the Alcazar Theater was | crowded yesterday afternoon with sweet | girl graduates and puplls of the lower grades of St. Vincent's School, who took - | part in some of the most elaborate clos- | ing exercises ever participated in by school children. A feature of the exer- cises was the awarding of diplomas to the | graduates, the Misses Mary Fitzgerald, | Cordelia Burns, Delia Ahern, Lillian Ho- | gan, Mary Reilly and Mary Regan. Miss | §weeney and Miss Mary Rownen were awarded the gold medals for special qual- ‘lflca(inm! in music. | "'The programme in full was as follows: Overture, orchestra; O Quam . Dilecta,” sacred chorus; trio, “Tulip” (Lichner), Misses Murray. Woods, McCarthy, Kutcher, Daugh- | ney, Ryan,_ O'Connor. Hurley, Rowan: “Kiss- | ing’ Papa Through the Telephone” (Minims); | Fecitation, seniors; chorus, “King’s Laughter,” | TOur Little Men”; trio, caprice (Mueller), | Misses Anthony, Farrell, Hagerty, Purvis, Dii- jom, Woods, Mullen, 'Kingston, O'Connell - ber Me to All at Home,” boys' chorus: duet, ~“Tarantelle’ (Heller), Misses livan, | Ewing, reci’ Ferrare, , | tation, juniors; duet, | kowsky), Misses Purvis, l &rsm"m Anthony : ‘Keenan's (b) “Tenting on the Old Camp Ground,” “Our Boys ia Blue”; *I The following graduates received diplo- | ‘Arthur Dejune, J. Archie | | | Hongroise No. 6" (Liszt), Miss Sweeney; selec- tion, orchestra: ““The Gypsy Queen,” operetta (Hanson of the Gypsies (later Queen ' the Fairies). Miss Canepa: Rosalle (Moun- Queen), Miss Margaret Anthony; gypsies, fairies, peas holastic honors—Address to the graduates Rev. P. J. Cummins; farewell, election, orchestra. HEARST SCHOOL GRADUATES. Bridge and Denman Medals and Di- plomas for Ninth Grade Pupils. There was a distribution of medals and diplomas at Hearst Grammar School ves- erday. The Bridge medal was awarded to Charles Hwyck and the Denman medal to Helen Mangel and Vere Chamberlain. The following pupils were recommended: Lulu Hall, honorary; Greta Venton, Lilllan Thorson, Sophia_Verkouteren, Florence Cloak, May Cashman, Florence Hanly. Those promoted by examinations were: Eva Crowley, Ethel Fairweather, Alice Fil- mer, Edgar Gorham, Bessle Herrick, Lillan Hurney, Eva Mason, Dora Smith. ot iy RECITATIONS AND SONGS. Closing Exercises of Graduates o Cosmopolitan School. Graduating exercises of the ninth gra- of the Adams Cosmopolitan Grammar School were held yesterday and the fol- lowing programme was presented: The “Flower Song,” eclass; German recita- tion, Alma Barth; violin_ solo, Babette Cline French recitation, Zita Fahey. Claire Brown- Gertrude Pollack; cornet solo, Louise ¢y: essay, ‘A Winter in Florida,” Dixie Osborn; class song, ““The Sailor's Wife": club swinging, Harry Schreiber; recitation, “Water- million,” Minnie Levison: piano solo, Sophie Harris: essay, A Visit 0 a Gold Mine,” Ben Nordman; piano duet, Alice Kortjohn, Adelle Heeder; class song, ~“The River Song” and ““America.” Malt Natiine Has no equal for its well defined purposes of alding the convalescent, the weak, the mother in recovering health, strength. appetite. Made only by the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Ass'n, St. Louss, U. 5. A. Sold by all druggists. : —_———————— Assessor and Tax Collector Cited. An order to show cause why they should not be punished for contempt of court was issued yesterday against Washington Dodge, Assessor, and Joseph H. Scott, Tax Collector, by United States Circuit Judge Morrow. returnable at 11 o'clock next Monday morning. The order alleges that the respondents violated the restrain- ing order of the court hy attempting to sell the stock of the shareholders of the Nevada National Bank of San Francisco for the purpose of enforcing the collection and payment of the tax upon the shares of the capital stock of the bank. —— . Platt’s Chlorides as a DMnf;mnt recommended as what every family needs®,; ST. PETER'S GRADUATES. | Father Yorke Delivered Address on Catholic Education. The commencement exercises of St. Peter's Academy were heid last night. Three young lady graduates were present- ed with diplomas by Rev. Father Peter C. Yorke. Following are the names of those who took part in the programme: 1da Burke, Gertie Guthrie, Mary McIntyre, Katie Clarke, Maggie Dillon, Nellie Dilion, I. Fopplano, L. Farrell, K. Walsh, E. Ty Sadie McLaughlin, Agnes Fitzgerald, Roche, Mary Cooney, May Barry, Alice ‘Cooney. Mary Haley, Agnes O'Connel Katherine Welch, Teresa O'Connor, W. Fita- gerald, J. Kennedy, H. Broderick.' G. Webb, M. Girot, L. Owen, V. Kennedy, M. Bennett, Walter J. O'Brien, Frank J. MacKinnon, Fred McCarthy, Frank Merrill, A, Mil; tlles, M. Clarke, Masters W. O’ Brie) and K. Canno; 1 J. Whel A. Rae, M. Keenan, L. Farrell, A. Guthrie, H, Jones, E. Cannon. On the conclusion of the programme Father Yorke presented diplomas to Mary I. Cooney, Sadie A. McLaughlin and Mar- garet M. Roche. He thanked the persons | present in the name of the Sisters of the | ~ademy for their attendance and the ~ral manner in which they responded he needs of the parish school. Branch- ~ out into the advantages of giving chil- -+ a good religious education. he com- i-ared the schools conducted by the Sisters Wwith those of a secular character: holding that no education can of the right kind {f the religious training be omitted. To the parents alone and not to the State should the right of educating the child be entrusted. he said. Catholic schools belonged to the common people Who built them. Father Yorke admitted that it pleased him to know that the presidents of the two great universities of California ad- mitted that education in the Catholic col leges was just as good as that given in their colleges. Speaking of Palo Aito, he said, in part, that it was simply a private institution backed by millions of dollars, with vineyards in every county in_the State to contribute to iis support. This he compared with Catholic colleges hav- ing nothing but the generous offerings of those who belleved in supporting such in- stitutions for the good that came from them: for without religion, no education would make good citizens,” he said. The speaker dwelt at some length on the proposed amendment to the consti- tution having for its obiect the exemipt- inz of Stanford's University from taxa- tion. This he opposed hecause It was dis- criminating in favor of the rich as agatnst the poor colleges. Twenty-Four Years Insane. Suit bas been brought by the Napa In- sane Asylum against the estate of Eliz: beth Liesenfeld for $4305. The woman was declared insane by the Superior Court in 1§76, and for twenty-three vears and eleven months_she had been confined in the asylum. She died recently and the | yellow 'BREACH OF PROMISE | iast oceasion he was reprimanded by his | treasurer of the asylum brought sui: against Henry Leasen. her guardian and trustee of her estate, to recover un amount equal to $15 a month for the tim. she was under detention. i WATIVE STNS WIRKING F0 THE JUBILEE John D. Spreckels Chosen for Commodore of the Big Naval Event. gt The Day Parade Committee Will Ask Every County to Participate in the Grand Demon- stration. PRERENSH At the last session of the joint ninth of September committee of the Native Sons of the Golden West Charles H. Turner, chairman of the naval parade committee, was authorized te appoint seven persons not members of the general committee, six of whom should not be members of the order. Yesterday Mr. Turner made the following appointments: John D. Spreckels, who shail be commodore of the :aval parade; Captain N. T. James of the Naval Militia; Captain Willlam G. Leale, chairman of the Pilot Commissioners; P. H. Barber, the pioneer pilot and head of | the San Francisco Pilots; Allen M. Clay, secretary of the Bank of Canfornia and ex-commodore of the Cailfornia Yacht Club; and Al Pryor of the Plper-AdenA[ Gooaali Lompany. The seventh is Ad-| miral H. 8. vryaen, who was appointed & few cays since. These gentlemen will lend their assistance to the committee to | the ena that the naval parade snall sur- pass any otner aispiay oL this nature ever seen on San rrancisco Bay. At & meeting ol e aay parade commit- tee, heia at tue Neadquariers in the Pai- ace riotel, Lieutenant Coionel Boxton, chief o1 siaff, suggesied that it would be | a gooa 1aea tOT lie Nauve Sons to confer @ _truly Caitormia name on the park on | Thirteentn street, and that it should be dedicatea_by them on tne mnth of Sep- | temper. This committee will send invita- | tions to omcials in every county in the | State to parucipate in the ceiebration. Each county will be asked to contribute a fioat for the parade. Major General | Shafter will_be 4sked to co-operate with the Native Sons, and it was stated that| he would consent to do so. Hereafter tne | committee will meet every Wednesday. Next week the conterence committee will | meet the parade committee. Otto Lumng of Oakiana senf word to | | headquarters that he would furnish two beautitully decorated carriages for the, parade and that he wouid use his influ- | ence to have others do ine same. San Francisco Parlor will parade 100 | strong on black horses and will be preced- ed by a band of twent e pleces. The | uniform witl be black, with soft black hats, the saddle clotns to be trimmed with The men on horses will be fol- lowed by a large float. Thomas T. Stack has been appoilited aid to the grand mar- | shal from this parlor. i Mi n Parior has sent in a request that Del B. Bowley. on its members, be ap- pointed a division marshal Naticnal Parior wii wear a uniform to c ack pantaloons, with a gold de, black shirt, =oft low scarf. ldach mem- a gold tie and a hand- ned with the goiden pop- On the night of the Tth of September this parlor wili give a grand reception at the Techau Tavern. Chrairman Kerrigan of the ball commit- e of the opinion that the grand ball should close the festivities and that at that time the souvenir of the event shcuid be distributed. SUIT TO END HAPPILY Paul Strickert Will Secure a License to Wed Martha Rachpauer, Who Sutd Him for $50,000. Paul Strickert, who was recently sued by Martha Rachpauer for $50,000 damages for breach of promise, visited “Cupid” Danforth yesterday and asked for a mar- riage license to wed the fair plaintff in the case. The suit is pending in Judge Daingerfield’s court, and Strickert will now put an end to the litigation, which | might result in financial loss to himseif. Miss Rachpauer aileged in her compiaint that Strickert had promised to marry her within four months, and she had remained single with that expectation. Strickert filed an answer in which he denied that he had promised to marry the lady in four months’ time, but said he was ready and willing to marry her at some later date. He aiso filed a wrltten release of all claims of varied character signed by Miss Rachpauer. Strickert informed Danforth that he had made up his mind to marry Miss Rach- pauer, but that her lawyers had adviséd her to refuse his offer because she | owed him some fees. He desired to know whether he could be held responsible for | debts contracted by the lady before his ! marriage to her, and cn being informed | hall secured at the Mission by | out that he could not the license was made ut. Just before passing the lpa er to Strick- ert Danforth asked him if he was going ' to be married in this city, and the pros-“ pective groom replied that he was going to Oakland to have the knot tied. Dan- forth informed him that the license was | only good in this city and county, but Strickert said that he wanted to be mar- ried by an old clergyman friend in Oak- land, and he left to secure the license in that city. STATE DISCUSSION OF | LINCOLN MONUMENT PLAN | Mass Meeting Will Convene to Con- sider Ways and Means of Se- curing Money. At a meeting of the Lincoln Monument League. held on Wednesday, final ar-| rangements were made for the State con- | vention to be held in the Academy of Sciences Hall on Saturday afternoon and | evening, June 16. Judge M. Cooney oceu- | pied the chair. ! The object of the league is to erect a | suitable monument to the memory of Lin- coin, and tue convention is to be held to awaken public attention to the organiz: tion’s plan. The meeting will be a repre. sentative affair, and many prominent citizéns have promised to be on hand to e's efforts to perpetuate the lent’'s memory in this city. eague is confident that its plans will meet with the hearty co-operation of t.e entire State. Invitations have been sent broadcast, calling on those addressed to attend the convention as honorary members of the league. The first session of the convention is to be called to order | at 2 p. m. and will be followed at 8 o'clock by an evening session. ——————— SMUGGLED GOODS ON THE TRANSPORT GRANT Customs Searchers Seized Thres Thou- | sand Cigars and Valuable Siiks | :nd Laces. Customs searchers seized yesterday upon the transport Grant about 3000 M niia cigars and several packages of silks and laces which members of the crew and | others wera attempling to smuggle | ashore. The articles were hidden in the | most out-of-the-way piaces all over the | steamer and in the Tigging. Quartermaster Baker has had trouble with the customs officials before. On the | Superiors for refusing to stop the vessel to allow the customs officers on beard. The search of the vessel Is still proceed- | ing, and the searchers are doing their work “con amore.” They say that Quar- termaster Baker will be welcome to all the smugsled stuff that they fail to tind. —— e Crane Got One Year.. Peter Morgan Ashley Crane was sen- tenced yesterday by United States Dis- trict Judge de Haven to one year's im- prisonment in the San Quentin peneten. tiary and fine. Crane pieaded guiity | of having impersorated his brother, Smich | Crane. and of having falsely sworn to a | claim for aa original Civil War pension. /istics of half-informed minds. | work and their reports from traine GEOLOGY IN ITS RELATION TO COMMERCE. Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton, COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF TWO CENTURIES, —— ——— L Geology 1s more closely related to the | intelligent development of the material; resources of a country than is any other | branch of natural sciel Upon the raw | materials furnished by mining and agri-| culture all forms of manufacturing and commercial industry are primarily based, | and with both these fundamentals geology is inextricably involved. The science bhas therefore both its applied and its purely | sclentific aspects, and it s necessary to | appreciate its dual character in order to | establish a correct perspective in compar- | ing its condition in the year 1800 with that | in the year 190. The importance of this appreciation lles in the fact that in| its application to industrial needs geology | has claims to governmental support, and it is by the aid of national and State geo- logical surveys that the recent great ad- vances in the science have been made pos- | sible. | By the close of the eighteenth mtury! the larger facts in the structure of the | globe were familiar to all men of sclence who had given them attention. Mines had been In operation for 2000 years and more, | | and had been conducted with much intel- | ligence for several centuries. It was evi- dent to all observers that disturbances of the earth’s crust had taken place, that folds, faults and joints had resulted, and that the cracks had in many cases been filled with later minerals. Rocks were known to be of both sedi- | mentary and of igneous origin. It was well appreclated that some were older than otners, but tke classifications into time series were very incomplete, espe- ciaily for the paleozoic strata. In the re- | lated department of mineralogy the com- moner specles had been identified and | | named and considerable information was | current regarding their chemical compo- | sition. Fossils had- been iong known and had been correctly interpretéd as the re- mains of the former organisms. In the Paris basin several observers had shown that the fossils followed one another in gequence, and were, within limits, char- acteristic of particular strata and useful for their jdentificaticn, but this knowledge n was restricted to a very few savants. the opening years of the present century it was made generally available in France by Cuvier and Brogniart and was devel- oped quite ‘independently by Willlam Smith in England. In the closing years of the eighteenth century, however, most men intérested in this branch were appar- | ently not aware of the importance, or, in | act, of the existénce, of these reiations. In’the eighteenth century only a small part of the world had been geologically describéd, and that with a very imper- fect scfentific vocabulary. France, Ger- many. Italy, Russia and England had re- ceived corslderable attention, but the rest of the world remained for the fu- ture. The terra incognita is indeed by no means exhausted even to-day, but 100 yvears ago the two Americas, Asia, Af- rica and Australia can hardly be said to have existed so far as geological knowl- edge is concerned. Governmental surveys had scarcely begun. Tne sclence ad-| vaneed by individual effort, which often taxed the means of the Investigator to the breaking poin Scientists were also largely . influenced by the metaphysical tendencics of their own and previous cen- turies. They had not altogether outgrown | earlier habits of thought, induced by older | methods of education. | All this being true, it was natural that | writers on geology during this period de- veloped in their scientific work tendencles to speculative systems, to the creation of hypotheses, to grand generalizations and to the formulation of theoretical views with which they sought to make nature gonform. They exhibit all the character- The soil | was fertile and seeds had been sown, but | much of the resulting vegetation proved | to be weeds and of necessity had to be | cut down and destroyed. Of this charac- | ter were the extreme views of the Nep- tunists, of the Plutonists and in the years | soon after 1800 of the searchers after so- called world-hypothesis. Of them all the Neptunists were the most important and in some respects the mi ortunate in | their influence. It required man ars | and a hard struggle with an insidious | foe to rid geological thought of their mis- taken conceptions and doctrines. Early in the present century a reaction set in. Hypotheses were abandoned for observation and record. Geological socie- ties and geological sections in sclentific socleties of a more general nature were | established and archives of record were provided. Governmental {eolunul sur- veys found favor and by the end of the | fifth decade were or had been in opera- | tion in almost all the more advanced | States and countries. Their s)'slndnatéc. ob- directed by a single responsible head. on placed at command a vast amount of information of which the fath- | ers in the sclence had no conception. The- | oretical views more and more grew to be based on sound evidence and to worthy of acceptance by conservative stu- dents. Besides the rlx;ed reports the | surveys have provided g lflhu at large | with ‘maps, both topomg cal and geo- | logical, and before the admiring and al- | most bewilde: aze of the onlooker | have unrolled the seolosical panorama with a richness and fullness not dreamed of at the close of the last century. Under a few topics it is possible to sum server: TS | that all be | and more correct views is manifest up the chief subjects in which 1%0 shows the greatest advance over 1500 The most ancient rocks are recognized now to be igneous in their nature and when they possess a foliation which sug- gests sedimentary bedding it is thought o be due to mechanical crushing and shearing. The foliated structure had for- merly led many to believe in their sedi- mentary origin. On the other hand, the development of reliable methods of ob- servation of phenomena in the fleld and the interpretation of the mineralogical and chemical composition of crystalline rocks in the laboratory have made possi- ble a vast advance in our knowledge of those elusive members of the earth's crust which are usually des “metamorphic.” Not alone in apprec ing the igneous nature of some but in ¢ monstrating the sedimentary nature of others and In working out the structure of many comgl-x areas, such as the Al;s. the Scottish highlands and the Lake Su- perior region, have we gained outposts far in advance of those held in the year 1800. To-day we regard these problems as among the most attractive of the science, although their difficulty is not belittled. When the strata of the older fossilifer- ous peériods, i..e., those comstituting the paleozoic era, are considered, the advance in knowledge is simply astomshing. The geologists of the last century knew little of these beds; their experience, so far as any stratigraphy worthy of the name was concerned, was limited to the meso- zolc and cenozoic format To-day wo are well aware that fossils oceur as far back as the base of the Cambrian. if nc still lower. Faunas have been collect studfed and classified from our forefathers would have given up as hopeless. The next century will probably push the limits still further back, and al- ready in the closing vears of the present one several keen observers have found encouragement for this expectation. In deed, geology presents no more attractive fleld for investigation In the study of faunas, floras and the general life of the past the biological investigator has been irregistibly led up to the conceptions of evolution. and com- versely the thought of the later students has been most strongly influenced by these views. Their appreciation and adop- tion were inevitable with the growth of knowledge, and they have in turn cast a flood of light upon the development of life in the past. Yet no one beclieves that the last word has been said and many curious facts and _relations remain to be explained. The forces back of organic growth, as applied to the genus or group as well as the species and individual, give subjects for meditation to the well-in- formed mind, especially if it possess a philosophical tendency. Most important of all in this respect is the origin and fu- e of man himsel m}m&her of the problems that are entire- Iy the product of the century now closing is that of the glacial period. It was sug- gested in the earlier decades. but it has had its chief development in the later ones. Its phenomena are so widespread and familiar in our northern latitudes that it has elements of great popularity, a3 well as profound scientific character. That the great ice sheet existed no one longer questions, but as to what caused it there is still wide difference of opinion. Astronomical variations, continental ele- vations and changes in the percentage of carbonic acid in the atmosphere have all been cited. There may be others of which we have no present anticipation, but the last two certainly seem to have been of serious moment. The phenomena pro- duced by the ice sheets are now recorded and described in great detall, and for their interpretation much study has been given to Greenland and other polar re- | glons, which still preserve the conditions now iong past in southern latitudes. The study of the moraines and other de- posits of the continental glacier, as well as investigations of the earth’s surface in unglaciated regions, have brought into prominence the importance of a proper understanding of land fofms and land sculpture. This {fl;{;((r’lllllnl -lelpanmem of logy has developed almost into a sepa- !l":?e s‘("}hnol of sclentific work. Its general importance lles in its inflience on the proper study of geography in the schools, and therein its effect is far-reaching. Realizing as a fundamental conception fand forms are the resuits of the action of geological forces, the mountains, valleys, coasts and interior plains are explained upon this basis even to the very young. Rivers and lakes reveal life his- torfes, and a mountain range becomes not merely a series of lines on a map, but a eat topographical barrier that may iave had a powerful influence, as in the case of our Appalachians, upon the de- velopment of the coumtry. True concep- tions may thus be established at the very outset which will afterward bear upon historical study in a most important man- ner. History, political economy and all | the subjects connected with the evolution of States are involved in it. And finally, in modern mining and quar- | rying. in agriculture and work of an en- gineering nature, the influence of broader on every hand. Greater certalnty of opera- tion, less and less of wild and unreason- able expectation and more and more of intelligent development are manifested, so that in many ways not always realized by the general public the civilization of the closing year of the nineteenth century owes a great debt to geolo; . F. KEMF. Columbia University. ANOTHER VICTIM OF , OFFICIAL NEGLIGENCE | Attorney Mitchell Pays Taxes to ex- Collector Sheehan, but Proper Credit Not Given. Attorney Robert B. Mitchell is the lat- est victim of the ligence of former | Tax Collector Sheehan's deputies to post | properly payments of taxes on real estate. Mitchell visited Tax Collector Scott yes- terday and informed him that he had been declared delinquent on the second installment of taxes on a certain piece of property, amounting to :m:‘: :”dh"",". n e uditor’'s previously ascertained £ g o that the proper credit &Q:fi to ‘lhe nntp\nmllment of 38 55, but that the second had not been marked . He_exhibited a check, however, ?::‘fin ot $110 52, which he had remitted on November 14, 189, to Sheehan and | which was indorsed by the latter in pay- ment of the total amount of taxes on | jeces of property—S$l4 68, 74 and | ;%r :fi 1)the latter amount being for two instaliments of $38 55 each. Scott in-| Mitchell that he would have to formed e Board of Supervisors for re- lef, as only the first instaliment was credited on the cash-books and his bill also called for one installment of 3§83 Y cehan visited the Auditor vesterday ' | maiden name, and tendered the sum of $176 to pay for apparent shortages on his books, but he was referred to the Auditor's attorneys, Lileyd & Wood, for a setilement of the dis- puted points. —e—— The Divorce Court. Divorce suits have been filed as foi- lows: Mary E. Collier against Reginald W. Collier for failure to provide; Hirshfeld against Walter Hirshf cruelty. Divorces have been gra follows: Mary Earl from Albert Edwarl Earl, for neglect; custody of minor cf awarded to plaintiff. Camlle V. from Jose M. Silva. desertion; cu minor child and a_month alimony awarded to plaintiff. Matilda Edith Dunpe from Thomas Henry Dunne, failure 'to provide; plaintiff allowed to resume her Matide Edith Pursley. Edith Hodges from Walter Hodges, nes ject and desertion; custody of minor child. $25 a month alimony and $40 counsel fees awarded plaintiff. — e—————— Drummers to Picnic. The San Francisco Commercial Trav- elers’ Association will hold their fourth annual outing and picnic at Camp Taylor on Saturday. June 15. Many valuable gate Gpd game prizes will be awarded. The cémmittee of arrangements consists of Emmet Dunn. H. H. Becker. W. T. Ran- cel, Charles E. Tarrant, C. E. Torres, B. Fredericks, Nick Marised, H. Heinz and J. Blanton. everybody We have the bes-t orders to In accordance with our policy of low prices, we offer from this date to Sheet Music at Half for you to select from. Call or send Price. stock in thz city The Zeno Mauvais Music Co. 769 MALKET STREET. Pgents - ecker & Son and Packard Pianos. :