The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, May 9, 1900, Page 7

\ J. O'BRI Largest Cloak and Suit House on the Coast. Lowest LADIES’ GOLF $23, s value for $23, sale price Largest Stock! Latest Styles! REMARKABLE BARGAINS! SUITS, Eaton and double-breasted, tight-fitting, latest shade of gray, value for $20, sale price THIS DAY......§{2,50 LADIES’ BLACK CHEVIOT SUITS, tailor-made, richly appliqued, value for $20, sale price THIS DAY .§{2,50 LADIES’ LIGHT GRAY EYF,\’IOT SUITS, tailor-made, LADIES’ NOVELTY GRAY SUITS, value for $37.50, sale price THIS DAY......... EN& CO. Prices! neatly stitched, tailor-made, o THIS DAY........-$I5.00 ce ~..$25,00 B LADIES’ BLACK SILK APPLIQUE SKIRTS, accor- dion pleating, value for $33, sale price THIS DAY .$25 J.0'BRIEN & CO0. 1126 Market Street. AMUSEMENTS. 'COLUMBIA i NDAY. Matinee. LA THE [ MATINEE TO-DAY, WEDNESDAY. FULGQRAV S“IARS, ORPHEUM CEL ON WLIE N EBRITIES. BL B PLEASE DON'T FORG MATINEE TO-MORROW _(THURSDAY) AFTERNOON MR. JAMES NEILL AgEregats n of Pl E_E, T AMERI- AN AMERI- OPERA GRAND ous: PHONE MAIN 522 IN GAY NEW YORK. Full of Catchy M e, Pretty .T'r?‘s!. Graceful nd New Jok Don't Miss It b San Francisco, LADY SLAVEY." years the rage of London and New York NCE OF ARTHUR WOOLEY. POPULAR PRICES. Seat in Orchestra, Saturday t Office—Emporium. BESABAR x THIS WEEK— TURDAY AND SUNDAY. GREAT DIAMOND ROBBERY | As Presented E at A. M. PALME THEATER, PRICES—15¢, 25¢, 85¢, 50c. A. Bothern's Success, N. Y. xt Week _THE MAI OF WOOD BARROW OLYMPIA R uison HE ONLY FREE VAUDEVILLE SHOW IN THE CITY. ENGAGEMENT EXTRAORDINARY. DEETS AND DON, The Newest Novelty Trio. HANLON and SINGER, Roman Ring Experts. MAURICE MONTAGUE, Dramatic Tenor. * THELMA WINFIELD, Violin Sololst. AND OUR CELEBRATED STOCK COMPANY. MATINEE EVERY SUNDAY. AMATEUR NIGHT EVERY FRIDAY. ADMISSION FREE! ADMISSION FREE] ”—Call. OF NOD *TIVOD Am | a Wiz? | Ll " Come and See! TWENTY-SEVENTH TIME TO-NIGHT | Of the Enormous Comic Opera Success, THE WIZARDof the NILE It & ““The Idol's E: | Greater than Prices.: 25and 50 Cents SHERMAN, CLAY & C0.’S HALL. THIS AFTERNOON at 3:15. WONDERFUL CHILD PIANIST. LittlePaloma Schramm Assisted by ... KARLA... Her Younger Sister and-Only Punil, Presenting a Remarkable gramme. g THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, WEDNESDAY, MAY 9, 1900. tant business manent Secretaryship Defeated — Sunday Law Sustained. At the first session of the Subsidiary | High Court of the Ancient Order of For- | esters in Foresters’ bullding yesterday | there were present 130 delegates, eight past high chief rangers alled to order by Subsic The session was ary High Chief M. Boehm. The chair, after hav- ed the report of the committee s, appointed committees on and supervision, state of the order, grievanc and appeals, 2 counts, written and unwritten work, mile- age and per diem, on distribution, on time and place of meeting, after which the report of the subsidiary, high chief ranger was presented "he report shows that there was a net gain of 200, despite the fact that sixteen | courts had gone out of existence. The January report of 188 gives the number of | courts as 150, membership 7485. Report of March, 1900, shows number of courts 135, membérship 7657. Funds of the s nate courts January 1, 1898, $71,087 63; 1900, $85,682 T4—an increase of anuary 1, 1898, jurisdiction covers a large terri- m, “and our members complain of the dis- are under, the order not being properly take tion by the Subsidiar; the entire attention i only, namely {igh Court, that given to one portion California, and for this rea- son have become disheartened. 1 would recommend that some provision be made at this session by which the entire juris- diction be strengthened and our order be- come better known on the Pacific Coast. A number of proposed amendments to the general laws were taken up and acted | abolishing the office of permanent secre- | tary and creating the office of general sec- retary to be elected in the same manner as the other officers, vote of 111 noes to 16 aves. a | At the afternoon on the discussion | | of the proposed amendments was con- |5 tinued. 'The most important of these was a proposition to | *“no department of this order shall be al- | lowed to transact any business on Sun- finance and ac- | ANCIVI;INTWFORESTERS 0oDD FELLdWS IN IN THE HIGH COURT; Proposition to Abolish Per- | Report on the Condition of l i The fraternal organizations are in the midst of their convention season. big orders began their regular annual meetings for the election of officers and the transaction Hundreds of delegates filled the several halls, and several gathered at the various headquarters to listen to annual reports and discuss the welfare of their orders. thousand interested of Yesterday more than six impor- members THE GRAND LODGE the Order—Grand Mas- ter on the Home at Thermalito. The several hundred representatives, to- gether with the sitting grand officers and | the past grands who compose the Grand | members of the executive council and four | | subordi- | follows: pon. one of these, having. for its purpose | mqy defeated by a | trike out from the con- | | stitution that section which declares that | such Lodge of Odd Fellows of California, as- sembled yesterday morning in the Assem- bly Hall of the Odd Fellows' building. Taken as a whole, it is one of the finest bodies of representative men that has ever assembled in the name of Odd Fel- lowship in this city. The committee on credentials presented its report, after which the Grand Lodge degree 1 the working committees for the ses- sion were appointed. The time of the session until recess was taken up with the raading of the report of Grand Master W. A, Bénynge. In this he calls attentlon to the fact that four new subordinate lodges were instituted as Westminster No. 72, at West- minster, Orange Count; Colonia No. 89, at Oxnard, Ventura County; Commercial No. 387, at Los Angeles, and Boulder Creek No. at Boulder Creek, Santa Cruz County. Also sixteen Rebekah lodges during the year. A great deal of the re- n care of in that sec-| port refers ‘to his official acts, which he as follows: 1 term I have instituted in linate lodges, dedicated two letters, visited 101 subordi- Rebekab sums up During my offic person three s halls, wrote nate lcdges, lodges aud the home at salito; have traveled 1 miles 28 follows: rail 10,600 miles, by water 749 miles, and by team 839 miles; have held two sneclal sessions of the Grand Lodge. Relative to the Odd Fellows' Home at hermalito, he say after glving a | lengthy account of his observations on a visit to the place: institution should be sought imrhe- people from chills excessive heat winter—if we are r of the miseries of an isolation they have to endure, If we care naught for the extra expense lito is as good as then Therma- other location, but if we | day; nor shall any picnic, excursion or | do care for those things and I believe the Odd | entertainment of any character be given | Fellows of California have only to fully real- on that day in the name of the Anclent | ize the situation in order to furnish the rem- | Order of Foresters. This section shall | edy—then let us move the home and let us do | not be construed to prevent the attend- | ance of a court at the funeral of a mem- it_now. The question has been asked: How can a | ber.’ at_and five other amendments | ShAN%e be made without ymposing too great were defeated. | vious is Grand Lodge should dec To-day the legislative body will be called | sioms, ‘i g, A | upon to pass on a proposition to create a | committes authorit e P | general relief fund to be raised by a tax | site and report thepeor | of 5 cents a member quarterly and to be used to assist courts or members in dis- | tress. | official organ to t per capita tax to 76 cents: the report of the committee appointed to revise the gen- eral laws and 1o establish district courts | under the jurisdiction of the Subsidiary High Court To-night the delegates, the grand offi- cers and the members generally will b the guests of the Nineteen Hundred Club at a complimentary ball to be given in the Pavilion. To-morrow night vill be a banquet to the incoming and outgoing High Court officers. CAPE NOME MACHINERY and SUPPLIES. OUR GOLD DREDGING PUMPS KROG" ‘Were successful at Nome last SECOND ¢ ERT SATURDAY AFTER- NOON NEXT. Reserved Seats, 50 cents, 75 cents, $1.00, _On sale at Shérm Co.s. CHUTES AND Z0O0,Ey7 Atursonn * aad Evening. FROSTO 4 WARDA: HERBERT GILBERT CASBTLI HARRY DE ARM: MABEL LE CLAIR: FAIRBANK BROS LICE RAY- MON DAVENPORT STERS; MOVING PICTURES TO-MORROW NIGHT-THE AMATEURS. SATURDAY NIGHT—CAKEWALK CONTEST Telephone for Seats, Park 23. FISCHER'S CONCERT HOUSE, 122-14 O'FARRELL STREE LAMBARDI GRAND % G: Double Bill, “FAUST.” Last Act 15c—Admission CONCERT HA Corner Golden Gi CONTT Prison _Scene “RIGOLETTO." —10c. Matinee Sunday. from The covered passage- way connecting these two immense struc- tures places under one management 1400 rooms, of which have baths attached. Tourists and travei- ers from every section of the world recognize and appreciate the comforts and conveni- y these hotels. American plan. Eu- ropean plan. AND IASTHMA -, | Oppression, Suffocation, Neuralgia, etc., cured by | ESPIC’S CIGARETTES, or POWDER | Paris, J. ESPIC; New York, E. FOUGERA & CO SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS. | BAJA CALIFORNIA ‘Damiana Bitters | | 5 A GREAT RESTORATIVE, INVIGORA- tor Nervine. The most wonderful aphrodiziac and Special Tonie for the Sexual Organs for both sexes. | The Mexican Remedy for Diseases of the Kid- own merits. Agents, Circular.) HAY FEVER | E, (Send for NEW WESTERN HOTEL, EARNY AND WASHINGTON STS.—RE- modeied and renovated. KING, WARD & | CO. European plan. Rooms, 50c to $150 day; | § to §8 week; 38 to $20 month. Free baths; hot | ‘and coid water every rcom: fire grates in every | room: elevator runs all night. ! i | Corner Fourth and Marke! be. CAFE ROYAL 5272 THE WEEKLY CALL ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR. OPERA QUARTET. | year. All others failed. In opera- Hfm daily. 9 Stevenson st., 8. F. SAND CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS In Operation Daily, 625 Sixth Street. BYRON JACKSON. 2 ;SS;YING. LEATN to pan. amalgamate, etc.. in 10 days. $20. VAN DER NAILLEN, 833 Market st. TYPEWRITERS. Blickensderfer, especially adapted, durable, por- table, reliable, practical; $40. 117 Sutter. RUNTER RYE- WHISKY., CHRISTY & WISE Commer- clal Co., 327-3290 Sansome St. DREDGING PUMPS. Our centrifugal pumps are going to Cape Nome, are you? Better buy one: just the pump for gravel; has interchangeable parts. W. T. GARRATT & CO., cor. Fremont and Natoma. DREDGING PUMPS. Ofl, Gasoline, Steam Holsts, Centrifugal Pumps. Engines&Bollers. HendyMach. Wks.,40 Fremont. MARSH STEAM PUMPS Supply fresh or salt water for sluice boxes; ‘L‘iih’m low lifts. Simonds, 33 Market st. ENGINES, steam, gas. gasoline: full line: mfrs. American Mfrs, Asen., 20 Fremont. GOL"» SEPARATOR. Cyclone Gold Separator and Amalgamator in | “dally operation. Wm. H. Birch & Co., 133 1st. GOLD SEPARATOR. MARSHALL Gold Saving Machine. 229 Fol- som street. Oriental Gas Engine Company. FIBRE GOLD CONCENTRATOR. Saves fine gold: no plates, mercury or motion. In operation 11 Spear st. GOLD-SAVING MACHINE In operation daily at Mining Fair, Park. Office 137 Beale st. ECLIPSE GOLD-SAVING MACHINE, Portable, reversible, ball-bearing: capacity 36 tons daily; weight 100 Ibs. 303 Mission st. SLUICE BOXES. Klondike champion_ sluice sav tion invited 1798 15th st., corne; ROCKERS. The lightest, cheapest and proven the best for placer work. 1811% Mission st. PAFKS ALASKA ROCKER. Rocking pumps the water; self-clearing ritfles motion continuous. 3 Natoma, nr. Fremont. Central old; competi- Gyerrero. PLATES FOR SAVING GOLD. Schaezlein & Burridge, 3 Hardle place, off Kearny, between Sutter and Bush streets. F. W. BELL, Central Plating Works, 82 Mis- ®lon st., S. F. Phone Jessie 301. SILVER-PLATED MINING PLATES. GET them at Denniston’s San Francisco Plat- ing Works, 652 Mission st. TANKS. | TANKS—Pacific Tank Co., manufacturers, 35 | PBeale st.. 8 F. 248 E. 2d st., Los Angeles. NOME MINING SCHOOL. Learn to know gold and save it, to handie amaigamating plates, etc. Central Park. MEDICINE CASES. FERRY DRUG CO 5 0% .. GROCERIES ,N‘;l Pmls:%la. | Outfits ked. IRVINE B 5 o1 s pacl ward, 8. F. i 3 the grand mast To transfer the management of the | oy order: to reduce the | the Odd TFellow | ! LIQUORS- BLATZ BEER, Bethesda Witer. CAHEN & SON,418 Sacramento st. 308 Fourtn, 1302 Polk and 1441 WHISKE PORTABLE HOUSES. AM-STANDEFORD_ CO., BURNH. Wash l and 1st sts, Oakiand, or Builders' Ex. | Lodge, its next session. At the afternoon session the report of so far as it relates to Home, was made the special order for 10 o’clock this morning, when it will be discussed and 1t is thought that the discussion will be an oxcltfng one. The whole of the afternoon session was taken up in the discussion of the report of the Grand Lodge committee on ap- peals. There are twenty-one of these, and the judgment of the committee was sus. tained in every case. The appeals of Dun- bar vs. Concordia Lodge, Dunlap vs. Sun- set Rebekah Lodge, Cunning vs. Mound Holbrook vs. San Lorenzo Lodge and Mitchell vs. Bloomfield Lodge were reversed. In the appeals of Petersen vs. California_Lodge, Trout vs. San Lorenzo Lodge and Walton vs. pay Lodge the judgment of each lodge affirmed. In one case against California Lodge—action on sick benefits—the lodge was directed to investigate the claim, and the appeal of Gumbiner vs. Crockett Lodge was dis- missed. The committee on_appeals con- sists of Davis Loudeyback, §. G. Kellogg, M. G. Gill, J. F. Thompson and G. B. éan. The grand officers will be elected to- morrow. The reports of the grand trustees and grand representatives were read and adopted. The report of Grand Secretary George T. Shaw shows that at the close of the year the membership in this State was .772. The accession during the year was 228¢ and the withdrawals from various causes 1885, leaving a net gain of 399. The disbursements during the year amounted to 3485008, of which $269.017 was paid for charity and relief. The average per mem- ber for relief was 3874 and average d bursements per member for current e penses was §701. The receipts were $547,: 682 23, being an excess of $62,678 33 over dis- bursements. The assets of the order amount to $2,478,904 4 RAILROAD EMPLOYES HOLD ANNUAL MEETING Election of Officers of Benefit Asso- ciation of the Southern Pacific and Other Business. The Employes’ Mutual Benefit Assocla- | tion of the Southern Pacific held its twen- tieth annual meeting yesterday, electing officers for the ensuing year and transact- ing some important business. In view of the temporary abandonment of the Relief Bureau, the association, which had interided to merge into the new scheme, will not go out of existence. The following officers and directors were_elected: . B. Ryan, president; C. . Wilder, vice president; J. E. Foulds, W. G. Curtis, B. A. Worthington, E. E. ‘Wade, G. J. Strong, J. N. Sherburne, G. A. Parkyns, directors; N. T. Smith, treas- urer, and Miss Anna Cummings, secre- tary. The report showed an_enrollment of 905 members and paid up death benefits ag: fre ating $120,000. The surplus on hand s firm.w, Three death benefits of $3000 each were ordered paid, one of which will 0 to the heirs of the late Frank S uty. NS e AP LR Sons cf Veterans. The second day’s session of the annual encampment of the Sons of Veterans of the United States army, was devoted to but little business, for the officers and delegates were out sight-seeing, being the guests of the United States army. They were taken on the Grace Barton to all the fortifications in the harbor, where the delegates and the ladies who accompanied them were cordially wefcomed. In the evening there was a session in the Red Men's building, when the officers elected and those appointed by the new division commander were installed by Frank R. Handley, assisted by A. I. Knoles and W. ¢, Howe. The amlmeea are: R. J. Butler of San Jose, 15 E. M. Selby Jr, of Ventura, inspector; Dr. A, E. Aide of San Bernardino, surgeon: J." A." Stafford of Pasadena, mustering officer; C.' W. Da- vison of San Jose, judge advocate, and Al J. Welinert of Oakland, chaplain. 'The in- stallation was followed by the presenta- tion of a gold cross of honor to the retir- ing division commander, Harry T. Moore, by Past Division Commander C. L. Pierce. Then followed a banquet, at which there were responses to toasts by Colonel J, Murray Bailey, Major James Kip, James Ashton, Harrold Ward, J. D. Gish, W. C. Howe, A. G. Bennett, Robert J. Butler and James N. Reynolds. —_——————— Good trunks, valises, dress-suit cases and traveling rolls in our leather s ‘Th partment _at lowest prices. Sanborn, F. %el«ll & Co., 741 Market lrre.t. . conferred on 20 past grands | ejoquent and encouraging address by Past firmly of the belief that a new location | | econo STATE ASSEMBLY Address by Past Grand Mas- ter—President Tells of Order and Orphans’ Home. The session of the California Assembly of the Rebekahs, I. O. O. F., opened yes- terday morning in the Memorial Hall of the Odd Fellows' building. All the officers were' present, as were also several of the past presidents and the delegates, whose names have already been published The Cull. in After the presentation of the report of the committee on credentials conferring of the assembly and degree the on about 200 past noble grands there was an Grand Master Barnes, after which a re- cess was taken until 3 o’clock in the after- noon. At the afternoon session there was a congratulatory address to the delegates by Past Grand Master J. H. Glasson, after which the report of the president, Helen M. Carpenter, shows that during the year she visited 127 | was read. M This s lodges and held one special session of the Assembly. during the year, 700; 17 new Jlodges insti- tuted,” 16; lodges surrendered charters, total number of lodges, 237. 172; net g On the s It also shows that the total number of members is ain 2 ub- ject of iInterest in the order by the mem- bers Mrs. Carpenter says: It is very pleasing to note the Increasing favor of white robes and white dresses. staffs of more tha: visited were thus at n one tired. all of the The lodges ome tried it as an experiment and the fact that the lodge robes were utilized in making comforters for the or- | phans is conclusive evidence of their choice. White is destined to supplant the vari-colored robes manufactured for | possesses the double advantage of beauty and be " more lor which represents the bas of all the grand principles of Odd Fellowship? y. And, fitting than the co again, wha the market, t could as it In relation to the Orphans’ Home at Gilroy which is s, she s and the under special care of the phans’ Home is the pride of the Re- lodges generally are deeply Interested in the work and are contributing most generously to the support of that insti- tution, A few lodges that have suffered finan- clal straits deplored their inabllity to gratify their generous inclinations: but such as these needed merely to be apprised of the ways and means that are within the easy reach of the least prosperous, to give their hearty assist- | The sisters of Santa Monica furnish a | ance, worthy example in devoting one afterncon in each week to Orphans’ e donated beyond our greatest expectations, d there scems to be an augmented interest | the increasing family and its | The able management of the proportionate responsibilities, Hom ne work. Others home by the board of trustees, down to the minutest details, is worthy the noble women who are giving their time and best thought unstintingly to_the reward performed. The report shows that during her term | cause, wishing no greater than the consciousness of duty well the president did a great deal of official work. The reports of the other officers were received and referred to appropriate com- mittees. The Assembly is to be presented a set of | gavels at to-day's session. The election of the officers for the en- suing term will be held on Thursday | next. In the evening there was present in the Assembly Hall of the Odd Feliows' build- | ing a large number of officers and | gates, before whom the ritualistic work | dele- was performed by a team from Templar Lodge. dramatic, team The work memorized, fioor and was with that de fection for which this lodge noted. A great deal of praise was give to Noble Grand Mrs. Dale Warford and | gree of per- is en her corps of efficient officers, who have been drilled to t o %lil(‘k. who " a e by heir. eveni R. ngs ago, fifies; resent degree of rfection by P?St Noble Grand ew recognition of his services, was the lodge with a beauti watch appropriately inseribed. & as a nt- old After the work there was an informal reception to the officers and delegates to the Assembly and a short programme of dancing. ————— PREPARATIONS FOR THEIR ANNUAL GAMES The Caledonian Club Has Arranged | an Excellent Programme for Decoration Day. Elaborate preparations have been made, by the games committee of the Caledo. nian Club for the thirty-fourth annual ;fltheflns‘ and 'ark on Decoratl mes at Shell Mound | on day. Thé commit tee consists of the officers of the club and some of the leading members. The programme consists of forty-ons events, thirty of the number being open to all comers. The prizes are numerous and on the usual scale of liberality for which the club is noted. The committee is determined to make this vear's games g that object. eat success in every money will not be spared to attain respect. Ti et Buena Vista’s Anniversary. Buena Vista Parlor of Native Daugh- ters gave its elghth aninversary ball last night at Native Sons' Hall. tastefully decorated The grand march was the flopr manager, Mrs. Lucia Neub: green. led me "The hall was in white and nile by | arth, and hér assistant, Miss Emma Bening. There were about two hundred couples in the march. The programme was made up of ten numbers with two extras and “only one more in Vista.” lect ever remembrance of The affair, one of the most se- given by the parlor, was under Buena the direction of the following committees: Arrangements — ert, Mrs. Addie ichmitt, Mrs. Eva Scheeline, Miss Miss Levy, Emma_Bening, Mrs. Nellie Dockery, Mrs. Charlotte Eg- | Mrs. Blanche May Higgins, Miss Bertha Belau, Miss Emma Anderson, Miss Afifie Surrh Alice Ticoulet, ss Molile Miss Adele Ligon, Miss Anna kowski, Miss Anna Worth; floor— Mrs. Blanche Schmitt. Mrs. Eva Schee- line, Mrs. Bertha Belau, Miss Alice Ti- coulet, Miss Emma Anderson, Miss Adele Ligon, Miss Anna Betkowski, Miss Mol- recentio: lie Lon rlotte Ei Mrs, (‘gfi Mrs, Eila Mrs. Nellie Dockery, ert, Mrs. Addle Levy, ‘Wehe, Mrs. Nellie Rader, M Mary Bell. Mrs. Tillie Towle, rs. Miss' May Higgins, Miss Aggle Surrhyne, Miss Anna Worth. e Veteran Odd Fellow: The Veteran Odd Fellows' Association of this city held its twenty-fourth annual reunion and annual banquet in a cafe on Powell street last evenipg. There were present about one members of the association. H, Morrison made a fow remarks ucing the president-elect, F, A. T in_introd hundred and sixty President ‘Weck, who responded in a felicitous man- ner. Following is the programme: ““The Bible a Vital Force in 0dd Fellow Past President L. L. Alexander. G G 3 i Pie Holy City. Past , M.: song, '‘The Holy Y.’ Siover drns; " Woman-Her Influence, Veterans—7heir Relation to President Charles N. “Toleration—the Cem Robert Burns. P Holds, G. M. ohn tion,”" Gecretary e The United States sent N. of silyer direct to year to February You ‘Willia ng, P. China d 2. John P. ent” T Ref e The 12 ship. " Glasson, P! President ort! hat h cal I S U SO S I S S D S S S S P S | | ! 1 | absolute amount of capital and of mate: | rial prosperity which existed before 1618, GOLDEN AGE OF GERMAN LITERATURE. Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton. GOLDEN AGES OF LITERATURE. XX—GOETHE AND THE GOLDEN | AGEOF GERMAN LITERATURE. BY ARTHUR H. PALMER, M. A. (Professor of German literature, Yale s| Uni ity.) Of the literatures of Europe the German was the last to have its golden age. The four other great European nations suc- ceeded one the other, but all preceded Germany in making their finest contribu- tions to modern culture. A vivid sketch | of this general movement made some | years ago by a notable German essayist, | Karl Hillebrand, may be condensed in out- line as follows: | During and immediately after the breaking up of the ideal unity of medi- eval life and thought Italy led the way | by her rediscovery and use of the treasure | of Greek art and literature; Spain fol- | lowed, imposing herself upon and dom- inating literary Europe no less than re- | !iglous and political Europe. Though now the reformation arose in Germany, it was | Enfland that shattered the rule of Spain | and became the leader of European | thought and letters. Bacon and Shake- | speare taught men in deflance of all tra- dition and authority to observe and record | as they are the facts of nature, physical or moral. Next, under the leadership of France, Europe 'went on to complete the | | worle which the English had begun, of | making human reason supreme in reli- glon, politics, art. Thus, then, in letters and thought we see In successive sway over Europe Ital- ian humanism glving way to Spanish dog- | and | cussion of his companion, and Wieland, Lessing and Herder, Goethe Schiller. fter rather treatment of the first two pairs we attempt a pregnant characterizati him whom so many look up greatest man of modern time serve for a following brief article the first ¢ ira- matist of Germany Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock was born in 1724 at Quedlinburg. He studied the- 1745 to 1748—at the universitie In 1751 the ar! Frederick V him to Copenhagen, remained twenty years. r the de: of his patron he lived almost continuou: in or near Hamburg. where in 13 | died, honorea as the patriarch of modern German literature. his many lyric poems and mainly upon his masterpiece, “The Messiah,” nomi nally a religious epic in twenty cantos, singing Christ’s death, resurrection and ascension, the chief beauties of which, however, ‘are also lyrics in their nature Indeed, as regards the form and style of his great work Klopstock ought never to have been called the German Milton; he is rather a literary Bach or Hindel, his work a literary oratorio in its pre fuse blending of lyric arias and dramatic choruses with epic recitative Christoph Martin_Wieland was born near Biberach, in Wurtemberg, in 1733, and died in 1813 at Weimar, whither he was called by Duchess Amalia in 1772 as tutor of her sons. His youthful writings, influenced by Klopstock and Plato, were followed by a period of revulsion from their pietistic strain to delight in the world and the pleasures of sense. Finding the golden mean, he was at the h-l,h! of his power dul the first decade of his resi- dence in Weimar. His notable novels are fame rests upon O e o o e S S S Y JOHANN WOLFG Q+0-000-0-00-00 matism, this enforcement of tradition and authority yielding to English empiricism, 2nd the latter breaking down its practicai ’lmlls and merging into French rational- sm The turn of Germany to lead and to con- tribute came at last.” The golden age of its primdcy extends in its broader limits from the vear 1748 to about 1850, or more narrowly “from about 1760 to 1825. The golden gift of German literature, philos- ophy and science during this period to the modern world is the idea of organism. Synthesis, the individual, spontaneity, de- velopment, comparison—these are the terms wherein the Germans have led us to_think—organism not mechanism. 1t our rapid introductory survey has so far seemed philosophice, abstract, it has at least this justification, that during all the eriod we are now approaching nhll\)sofhy Bourished in Germany no 1ess (han Dociry., and both were there and then interre- lated and reciprocally influential to a de- gree unknown at any other time or in any other land. That the great classical period of mod- ern German letters came so late has its sufficient explanation in the thirty years’ war—161S-1643. This set Germany back fully 200 years in comparison with France and England. The Germany of the six- teenth century was in material prosperity and social refinement probably superior to the England and the France of that age, and the nation was essentially one in its_intellectual culture. The work of repression and dissolution begun by the religious and political reac- tion of the second half of the sixteenth century was completed with disastrous thoroughness by the thirty vears' war, which destroyed nearly ali the national forces of Germany—material, social, in- tellectual, moral. It may here suffice to state that not until about the year 1850 did Germany again possess the actual, and that the spiritual impoverishment of the second half of the seventeenth cen- tury was scarcely less in degree than the material exhaustion thus proved. German literature of the early sixteenth century had been essentally natlonal. popular, or- iginal. A little more than a century later the thread of historical continuity had been severed, the widest possible gulf opened between the people and what there then was of literature, and this itself had come to be servilely imitative of foreign models. In short, while the material and spir- itual growth of England and France had been and continued to be steadily pro- ressive, it was as if Germany right after 68 had to reereate bhoth nationality and literature. This was indeed a stupendous t . the aceomplishment of which is not the least interesting part of modern his- tory. The details of the slow and unimpres- sive foundation-laying that lasted for more than a century we must here leave unconsidered, passing at once to the mid- dle of the eighteenth century. when there appeared the immediate beginnings of modern German literature. Goethe has written: “The first real living content, true and high. came into German litera- ture through Frederick the Great and the deeds of the seven years’ war.” That is to say, as the causes and results of the thirty years' war had drained and dead- ened national life and literature. so now the causes and resiilts of the seven years’ war (1756-63) brought vital energy in abounding measure to both, and the out- come in the latter was the golden age of erman litérature. 5 GT e characteristic writers of the age may be convéniently divided into three main groups, which follow one another at intervals of about twenty years. To the first group belong Klopstock, Wie- land, Lessing, Winckelmann, TKant, Moses Mendelssohn. With the exception of Kant their influence was exerte b% works_ published between the vears 17 and 1770. In the second group are Herder, Goethe, Schiller, Voss, Klinger, Biirger, most of whose work In creating and guid- ing was done between 1770 and 180. The notable members of the third group, whose principal writings determined the romanticism of the first quarter of the | nineteenth century, are the brothers Schlegel and Tieck, the brothers Hum- boldt, Miebuhr and Savigny. Of all the important later writings up to the middle of the nineteenth century it may be said that essentially they used only the ?'rwu ideas, theories and art principles of the ng all t above described u) Ot ‘commanding predminence amo ence those names are those of the six with transcendent creative ge- | poet minds whom a kind Pro uipped us and lavished within so short a time upon the German people. Most naturally do these six writers arrange t 1ves in three complementary pairs— Klopstock | ics of modern times in liter; R R R R 2 < - - ANG VON GOETHE. * A e e S “Agathon” (1766), “The Inhabitants of Ab- dera” (1774) and ‘“‘Peregrinus Proteus’ Aa7m1). He wrote many comic tales in verse, an epic-didactic poem, Tusarion™ (1768), and other shorter and longer eplcs in verse. He first naturalized Shakespears in Germany by translating rose a in large portion of his - plays. | Wleland's masterpiece is the romantic eplc, “Ober on’™ (17%), in which chivalry, the Orfent and fairy lore are charmingly interwoven. By his own writings and his long editor- ship of a popular literary journal Vieland made German style more fluent and ele- ant, won over the higher classes from rench to German literature and opular- ized English and French philosophy. The mature Klopstock was more national, re- ligious, idealistic and withal English in his literary sympathies. Wieland was healthily cosmopolitan, rationalistic, rea) istic andappreciative of French exceilen Through the labors of the German wri ers prior to the time at which we have now arrived Germany had been brought into the movement of the best European culture and was rapidly assimilating that culture. It was, however, necessary for the German spirit indépendently to react upon this foreign stimulus. e leaders of this reaction were Lessing and Herder Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, born in 1729, at Kamenz, in Upper Lusatia, died in 1781 at Braunschweig. is one of the great orit- ature and art, e modern German Germany alone but d from the conven- tional classicism of the French, while on the positive side he created a small num. ber of literary masterpieces. uniting Wie- land’s realism and Klopstock's idealism. The chief critical writings of Lessin, were “‘Letters on the Lates o and the founder of the m drama. He freed not the entire modern worl Litera (I759-60), “Laokoon” (1%6), “Hambi Dramaturgy” (1760, Of the “Iacpoirh Goethe declared: “It transpor the region of petty observation fute vim free flelds of thought. * * * The differ. ence between plastic art and poetry was made clear. * % * All previous critielsm was thrown awaf like a worn-out coat.” The epoch-making dramas of Lessing ara Sampson™ (1775) German tragedy of common life: were “Miss S he firse von Barnhelm™ O767), Minna the first classic “Emilia. Galotti” "(172), E srerman tray “Nathan the Wise" e N A7), a dramati poem, his chief production in pure Itera ture.’'a beautiful poetic presemtation of his best thought and feeling in the domaig of religion. To this thought and feeling he gave more .iysnmallrh stzttfimem in the short prose work, “The Educat Pegee Wb ucation of the Hu- (1780). in which is clearly forth the previously foreshadowed idea of organic growth in religion. It was of ¢ brief treatise that the philomph!r( .2115 theologian, James Martineau, wrote the words: “Nor shall we ever forget the wonder and delight. the awful sense of intellectual space. brought to us by ¢ Grand essay.” To the very end. then heu::g s llnfluerrxrce rwas r‘nnu powerful for e throwing off of spiritual f for positive construction. ey As Lessing’s complement on the side of emotion and intuition came the younger Johann Gottfried Herder. born 'in 1144 near Konigsberg, died 192 at Weimar, When a student of philosophy and the- ology at Konigsherg he was profoundly influenced by the great Kant. by Hamann by the works of Rousseau and Lessing. After successive teaching. preaching and traveling he bevame in 1776 the head of the ecclesiastical affairs of the duchy of Weimar. ; His purely original poetic pro- ductions(hre not important. It is in his rose wipks of criticism and history and n_his translations that his power lay. The remarkable critical writings of Her- der were “Fragments on Modern German Literature” (1786) and “Critical Collec- tions™ (1769). The “Fragments” have been called by high authority “the most sug- gestive book perhaps ever written,” whic “ran through Germany with the quick- ness of a train of gunpowder.” Herder's great work relative to history was his “Ideas on a Philosophy of the History of Mankind” (1784-01). a “memorable book. which has been father to all the histories of poetry, religion, language and law of our (nineteenth) century.” Herder was a great personality and a mighty prophet of the two all-pervasive ideas of organic growth. or evolution, and of genius, so that “No one, Kant perhaps alone excepted, has contributed more to the stock of German thought, or has exercised greater or more lasting in- fluence over an age, a nation_or of the world at large, than Herder. Directly or indirectly. e revolutionized learning, history and llm'hm e, as Kant recom- structed philosoj Note—This :msy will be concluded to- MOTITOW.