The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 9, 1900, Page 9

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, MARCH 9, 1900. JMATTIE OVERMAN IS NOW A MISSIONARY 4480 40800 000 40Q MISS s O Tk A& g W measure. m destruction. bor she has chosen. Dr. Brown have acized woman Then came her c fiss Overm he remal B T R R T S S = S O S O R R e in L« . 1 became direct. ng the: h work: b gest bra 8 s Overman wa ch had preceded her, a been turned t is say sh er the exp: was denied e hat und WILL MAINTAIN THEIR FIGHT T0 KILL THE PLAN Railroad Men Will Insist on & Representation at Headquarters. s Officials’ Efforts to Quash Opposition Meet No Encouragemeht From Oakland Employes of the System. A2 15 S Oakland Office 8an Francisco Call, 1118 Broadway, March 8. From the point of view of the brother- hern Pacific relation to sumed a very luring the past for- 1l sides it is now rec- ad officials are en- n an effort umong the men. s said to be one t Huntington desire on s to have » Unci promulgated assur- cording to schedule. his week ay evening will It 1 T 1 tain that the local lodge, at take. It is land Stanford Division follow in line with t other brother- s and send a representation to form Tt of the general grievance committee. hat there must be a modification of the scherm ited before the great majority of n interested will e satisfied is def settled among the e t deepest import is all the men go to make is for a change in the ® to be a general desire ad_circles to make no ult of the confercnce ne & W ¥ workm it good thelr ¢ There se: ral manager and the 1s known. If neces- 1 try to lay their sbjcc. before President Huntfug- t that the men feel that bring trouble and dis- as greal loss to the n There is 1o 4c 4 strike could ¢ tress to them, as wel company. The situati as not reached such an acute s to warrant them in considering th ty of an organized how serious! the rellef bureau that flicult matter to get a ever, many en- rather than tak - company will ac- P Meeting of Southern Pacific Em- ployes in Los Angeles. 1,08 ANGELES, March 8 —Employes of the Bouthern Pacific in Los Angeles are bitterly opposing the proposed scheme of insurance. A meeting of over 100 of the men was held in East Los Angeles, at which the matter, as outlined in the cir- cular, was discussed. Evcry one raised a voice against the measure, while the terse addresses that were made received hearty applause. The more the matter is dis- agitation noted. Al- MATTIE OVERMAN. Oakland Office San Francisco Call, 1118 Broadway, March 8. of a sea »t scandel and shame which seemed bound to overwhelm the central figure in the celebrated church trial Brown, one time pastor of the First Congrega- ¢ San Francisco, g girls man in Oakland, w eld of charitable labor, have received news that Miss Overman has attained e head of the Washington, D. C., sions, whose rescue work has attained an international as been one of remarkable success and Revivalist Crittenton, inder of the missions, has given the young woman every rself as one of the most and labors have, it is claimed, saved scores and Her work, undertaken after she public gaze in the Crittenton home at Los Angeles, has pros- able degree, and it has demonstrated her pecullar fitness idents which marked her hard path after the trial and con- ermined to en! attracted atter y concerned in | | ing in San Francisco for word of success |in Oakland, beginning with a summons to MARSHALL LAW LOIKING OB ) NEW PULPIT Former Rector of Church of the Advent Departs for Oregon. e Vestrymen With Whom the Clergy- man Had a Lively Battle Seek Information as to His ‘Whereabouts. L A Oakland Office San Francisco Call, 1118 Broadway, March 8. The Rev. V. Marshall Law, late rector of the Episcopal Church of the Advent, has shaken the dust of Oakland from his feet and has gone to new fields in search of fresh ministerial experience. The de- parted rector is now looking for a pulpit in Southern Oregon. His family is walt- or non-success in his efforts to find a new | location. Rector Law had an up-and-down career court in a suit of his Chinese laundry- man to recover for services rendered. A | secular constable attached the Sabbath morning contributions to secure the claim, and several other unpleasant financial epl- e S R R e R O O B R R e e R S S R e oY ] has risen as a leader in reform and g women. o have been watching her such promi- branch of the active workers in the sought er been made public. Driven from ally sought shelter at the Southern n to the Rev. J. K. McLean of t in the band of Crittenton res- ngeles, and at the outset her mar- n from those in charge. v interested in the newcomer. She was re for a time, and subsequently Miss where she accomplished much good in d. er herself at the national capital, of this mission work in the there, where she maintatned the nd under her practical and well-directed the right path thi ® + ® + & + ® 2 3 ) 4 S + © * pe + ¢ + s * ® + & + & + s field largely by the with Dr. Brown. f occupying rooms in s she was compelled to and that whenever her r assumed nam 1 known her 1 to depart contrite woman tering protection Jle was Mrs. Mary case. She has taken 1 close touch with Miss Ove :zl the time | enforce =dulous and ther meet Saturday men are opposition 2 is called | DEATH CALLS BANKER CHARLES H. TWOMBLY | OAKLAND, March S§—Charles H. y Twombley, formerly cashier of the First Vational Bank, dled to-day at his resi- | dence, 624 Sixteenth street, after an {llness of several months. The deceased retired from active work several years ago. He ned considerable property in various tions of the State. Mr. Twombley was & ploneer, having lived in California near- ly fifty years. He was in his seventieth vear. A widow survives. Deceased was a member of Oakland Lodge of Masons and of Oakland Commandery, plar. |WANT A WESTERN BAY SHORE WHARF OAKLAND, March 8—The Associated Improvement Clubs have gone squarely on | record as favoring the construction by the city of wharves at West Oakland. The | assoclation at its meeting last evening adopted resolutions asking the Council to appoint a special expert on wharves to present a report upon that proposition. The delegates to this assoclation are all anxious to build up the western bay shore, and look to the construction of a city whar{ there as one of the moves most likely to accomplish that object. REV. MR. SMITH WILL BE GRANTED A DIVORCE OAKLAND, March 8.—All of the furor created over the possibility of Mrs. Laura Smith fighting_the divorce suit brought by her husband, Rev. Guy W. Smith, pastor of the First Christian Church of this city, has gone for naught. Mrs. Smith has al lowed the case to go by default, and to- | day Court Commissioner Babcock heard the testimony of the plaintiff and his wit- | nesses. The Court Commissioner has rec- | ommended that a decree be granted on the ground of _desertion, the sensational charge of infidelity not being pressed. —_— e Mrs. Sargent Granted a Divorce. | OAKLAND, March 8—Superior Judge Ellsworth to-day granted Mrs. Mary b Sargent a_divorce from BEdward O. Sar- ent_on the ground of willful desertion. 'n the same ground Cornelia French this afternoon filed suit for a divorce from E. B. French. Mrs. Annie Talt has been granted a divorce from James Talt of Alameda on the ground of cruelty. Plain- 1ff was awarded custody of two minor children and $10 monthly alimony, et Sl ey Death of Arthur Pocock. ALAMEDA, March S.—Arthur Ferdi- nand Pocock dled this morning at his | home, 1008 Union street. He was a well known young man and prominent in soci- ety ecircles. For a number of years he was emplni'ed with the North American | Commercial Company, and spent a good portion of his time in Alaska, where the rigors of the northern climate broke down his health. He was a native of San Fran- cisco and 21 years of age. ——— Topham Held to Answer. BEREELEY, March 8—N. E. Topham. | who was arrested on a charge of embez. zling funds from a lodge of Foresters, was held to answer before the Superior Court this morning by Judge Edgar of the Jus- tice Court. Bail was set at $500, which the defendant furnished. —_————— Charges Husband With Cruelty. OAKLAND, March 8—Ida Hopper has filed suit for a divorce from Frank Hop- per on the ground of eruelty. The defegs, \ant is a carpenter in the employ of the | Southern Pacific Company. —_—— “Stuttering” Pete Found Dead. | “Stuttering Pete,” a roustabout, was + 94 D00 eD Hed Knights Tem- | moving i car to steal a ride, and becoming fright- | sodes led the vestry to start a campaign | to oust their clerical leader. | The struggle between the vestry and the | rector dmrurled the church temporarily. | John J. Valentine, president of Wells, | Fargo & Co., one of the main stays an | senior warden of the vestry, resigned. The ector defled the mvernlng body of the | church to evict him from his pulpit. He was finally induced to take a vacation, From Boston came the welcome news to | the vestry that the rector had found an- other charge. But on the heels of that announcement came the rector himself, grpvared to resume his pastoral functions. Much to the surprise of the vestrymen Dr. Law 1 ted upon preaching, in viola- tion, the vestry sald, of an agreement that he would leave the Church of the Advent forever. And preach he did, al- though the large vested choir went on strike and refused to furnish music for the services. | The warfare culminated finally in the retirement of the rector. He declared that his troubles were all due to his discourses on Christian Science, delivered from the | pulpit. To many of the church members | It seemed as if their rector were making a defense of the cult, which was repug- | nant to the ritualistic worshipers in s | flock. Dr. Law also introduced in his church what he termed a sanitary com- munion challee. ortly after his resignation the story vas floated among the parishioners that Dr. Law had leagued himself with the lo- cal organization of Christian Scfentists, but this the rector denied, although ad- itting he saw much which was com- mendable in their doctrine of ‘“‘divine heals ing." ¥e vestrymen of the chitrch are mak- ing an effort to learn the whereabouts of their former rector. | ELECTRIC MOTORMAN WAS NOT TO BLAME James McCauley Was Panic Stricken at the Time He Was Run Over. A verdict of accidental death and no- body blamed was the result of Coroner Cole’s Ing yesterday into the death of James McCauley, who was run over by a streetcar on Folsom street, between Twelfth and Thirteenth, last Monday. McCauley was a laundryman and resided at 228 Twelfth street. He was 69 years old and rather feeble. imony was to the effect that started to cross the track in the_car, which was about forty | ;. When he stepped between the rails he looked toward the motorman and epped back again. Then he changed his | mind and stepped in front of the moving | | car. He was struck and knocked down | before the brakes could be put in opera- tion. [ M9 verdtet of suicide was given in the | case of Henry V. Morey, the old man who | killed himseif with ecarbolic acid last | T day night in his room at 605 Broad- | —_————— ’ RIDERLESS HORSE FOUND. REDDING, March 8.—John Lanahan is | believed to be either lost in the hills west | of Redding or to be dead or dying In that region as the result of having been thrown off a horse. Lanahan is a miner, 35 years | of age. He has been employed at the Cleveland Consolidated mine, on the Bully- | chopp range, four miles west of Redding: | He started for this city on horsebacl Wednesday with a message to J. F. Cole- man, bonder of the mine. A 'hard storm was prevalling and he stopped at Igo, fourteen miles west of here, announcing his intention of remain- ing there all night. He began drinking, and about 11 g'clock Wednesday night de- cided to come on_to town. @ has aot been seen since. This evening his horse, still wearing its saddle and bridle, was found near Anderson, twelve miles ‘south of here. A search is being made for the unfortunate miner. siite S BENEFITS NOME MINERS. WASHINGTON, March 8.—The House Committee on Public Lands has agreed upon a substitute for the Lacey Cape Nome mining bill. The purpose of the substitute bill s to give the miners, through miners’ meetings, the power to control the workings of the beach claims on the sixty-foot reserved strip and the tide lands. - More Money for Guardsmen. SACRAMENTO, March 8—The mem- bers of the National Guard who served in the Spanish war are to have a few dol- lars extra pay coming to them on account of that service. The men were pald for the time of their assembling at the va- ricus rendezvous up to the time of their enlistment in the volunteer service at the Federal Government rate for enlisted men, or at 52 cents a day. By a recent decision of the War Department theg are to be paid for that time at the State rate, which is 82 a day. Lieutenant Col- @+O0HOHOAOHOHO +OHOFOHO+ O+O+ OGO 01010 OHOHO-+O1 000 % HOTEL WHICH WILL BE BUILT 2 HERE AND TAKEN TO NOME FaonT cuEvATION- 36ALE A 10 ene FOGE - ARCTIC HOSTELRY AS IT WILL APPEAR COMPLETED. MONG the many plans for money gathering at Cape Nome none are of greater magnitude or fairer promise than those outlined In the pros- pectus of the Nuivak Hotel Company, recently organized in this city. The company Is capitalized for $100,000, and contemplates in the scope of its operations nothing less than the acquirement of a monopoly of the entire hotel business of the mining districts of Northern Alaska. The head of the new company is T. C. Healy, who has long resided in the Yukon district, and who has made his plle in the same lines at Dawson. Such success has attended his ventures there that he now contemplates en- larging the sphere of his activity and striving for the business of Nome or any other mining camp that gives promise of permanency. The Interest in his present venture arises not so much from the amount of money involved as from the manner in which the affair will be conducted. People bufld and operate hotels every day, but this is the first time that a first-class hostelry, with every modern appliance, has been built in one place and shipped nearly 3000 miles in the hold of a vessel to the site upon which it will stand. The lumber will be all cut, shaped, fitted and fashioned in California. Every_detall of necessity and comfort will be constructed and completed here. When this is done every plank, beam, shingle, bolt, nall and screw will be separately marked, and then the entire structure will be taken apart, stowed away aboard ship and carried to Nome, where it will be unloaded and set up. In storing the building the upper storfes will be loaded on board first, so that when it Is broken out the foundations will come first, and the car- penters, of whom there will be a number taken up, may begin working on part of the buflding while the balance is still being floated ashore. The magnitude of the undertaking will be appreciated when the follow- ing description of the edifice given by Architect Curtls Tobey is gone over. The designs and working plans for the new hotel are about completed and the work on framing and construction will be begun immediately. All of the building is to be of frame, even to the foundation, which will be formed of cross timbers en pile. Great care had to be exercised to se- cure a permanent base for these foundations owing to the fact that the ground is perpetually frozen from two to three feet below the surface, and any thaw would have a tendency to heave the footings unevenly. The building will be flve stories high, including the attic, with a ground space of €0x100 feet. The first or ground floor will contain a large office and lobby, a barber shop, saloon and gentlemen's grill, a ladies’ parlor, ladies’ grill, commodious kitchen and wine and store rooms. The bar will be of hard woods, 34 feet long, and will accommodate four bartenders. At the end and between the two grills I8 a raised music stand representing an open shell, which will hold eight pleces and piano. The second floor will contaln a large central drawing room or reception hall, opening directly from the malin stalrs leading from the office and la- dles’ parlor. This room is provided with ample light from a large skylight. A dumb walter from the kitchen below affords ample facilities for using the reception hall for banqueting should the lower rooms be used for public gath- erings. The balance of the second floor and all of the third, fourth and fifth floors are devoted exclusively to sleeping apartments, numbering In all 102 rooms. Each of these rooms is provided with outside light and double frost-proof sash, clothes closet, electric light and call bell service. Each floor is pro- vided with separate lavatories and baths for men and women, linen closets, janitors' hoppers and all modern hotel plumbing appliances. The bullding will consume in its construction approximately 300,000 feet of Oregon pine lumber, which will all be framed and marked and bundled up before shipping from this city. All of the walls, floors and ceilings will be deadened, and the walls and cellings sheathed with tongued and grooved stuff covered with canvas duck painted, to represent rough tinted plastering. As to the profits that will accrue from the investment, Mr. Healy fig- ures on from 50 to 75 per cent on the capital employed. He bases these fig- ures on what he has already accomplished with a twenty-room house at Dawson, and those who know the country say that he is very conservative in his estimate. Some idea may be had of the returns from a hotel business in the far north when it is known that the clear profits from the bar of Mr. Healy's Dawson house run from $10,000 to $13,000 a month. This does not in- clude the revenue derived from the rent of rooms, grill and other sources. Ok Ok OO O OO HOHO OO HOHO +OH OO 0 0 10 40 O OO 4O OF OO O+ OO HOHOH O+O OO 4O+ OO O+ CHO 0 4O HOH OO Ok O 040 1O OO 404 O+ 0 4040 010 +0 § 2 g $ @O OO0 HO-HOHO IO O 1O OFOHO CHOHOF GHOHOHO OO SHERIFF IS SUSPICIOUS. 8. Howlard, Twenty-third: Alfred Aloe, st ce Blghteenth; T. J. Fealy, Pitth: T W Rowell, cond; H. A. Drumm, Twelft) . . Ct - Will Investigate the Alleged Sulcide | iii "Twenty-firth. Cavairy—To be second jien- of William Schwan. tenant: Private F. W. Fonda, Troop B, Third. Volunteer army, Porto Rico Regiment—Cap- Spectal Dispatch to The Call. ux.:;w w’:;n.thL Alm‘;' Fifth Cavalry, to be 2 major; Joseph Lugo Vins = SANTA ROSA, March =~ 8—Henry | fLIl qChP vurgeon, U. 5. A.. 1o be aseistant Schwan, who resides on the Home Ranch adjoining the Petrified Forest, arrived in this clty early this evening and reported to the Sheriff that his brother Willlam had committed suicide. According to the story told by Henry he had heard the re- port of a rifle in the room occupied by his brother, and rushing to the scene found IS NOT SEEKING TO RE-ENTER POLITICS | Ot OHQ T GO OO+ OO HOHO 04 010 1O+ 00 0 10 HO-+ OO O+ O OO O+ OO 010+ OHO HOHO +0-+ GO +O+ OO 10 40 1O+ OO Ok Ot 040 10+ 04O 40+ 0104 OO0 OO+ OO 40 that he had placed the muzzle of a rifle in his mouth and in_some manner pulled the trigger. As the front of Henry's coat was covered with blood the Sheriff came suspicious and he, with the District Attorney, has gnn‘e l& the ranch to make a thorough investigation. 1t is kr{own !hn.txhol_h of the men have been drinking heavily of late. It is also known that a woman named Fields has been living on the ranch for some time and that Willlam, the suicide, =recently had trouble over her with another man, which ended in a fight. Considering all these facts the Sheriff deemed it advisable to go out to thednr:chp;n?“cfltr:em:;- vestigation in order to prec! - blll!ynot evidence of a crime being ob- literated. ——— STEAMERS OVERDUE. News of the Wolcott and Excelsior Anxiously Watched For. onel Peeler of the Adjutant General's of- fice has been detalled to collect the claims of the men for the extra pay. st iy Fell From a Train. Spectal Dispatch to The Call. SAN RAFAEL, March 8—Charles Strong, son of E. B. Strong, narrowly es- caped death on a train of the North Pa- cific Coast Rallroad at West End station to-night. The boy jumped on ened at the approach of the conductor tried to jump, but missed his footing and fell, striking on his head. His injuries may prove fatal. Martin Released. Special Dispatch to The Call. VISALIA, March 8.—Alfred Martin, who killed his father last November, was re- leased from custody to-day. At the trial in February the jury disagreed. District Attorney Allen does not care to put the county to the expense of another trial. st Reed Succumbs. SANTA ROSA, March 8.—J. H. Reed, who was seriously burned by falling on a redhot stove while in a fainting fit, died this afternoon. He lapsed into uncon- SEATTLE, March 8—To March 4, the date the Cottage City, which arrived in port to-day, sailed from Sitka, no word had been received from the westward steamer Wolcott, and nothing had been heard of the steamer Excelsior, which was then long overdue from Valdes, The Cottage City's advices do not tend to allay the anxiety which has prevailed for weeks past concerning the Wolcott. There is much uneasiness despite the re- port brought by_the bark Mermaid to the effect that the Walcott salled from Una- laska on her return to Sitka January 24. These advices disclose that the Wolcott had already consumed thirty-nine days in the voyage—more than twice the time she ordinarily _required in_running from Ui alaska to Sitka. The Wolcott, under any- thing like favorable conditions, should have reached Sitka ten days before the salling of the Cot! City. e o hexing sfuation ls intensified from tfii"im Jnt nothing is known of the Excelsior. That vessel was scheduled to sail from Seattle March 1 for Alaska, and even four days later she had not ar- rived at Sitka from the westward. o PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS. Names Sent to the Senate by the Ex- ecutive for Confirmation. eclousness yesterday and never recov- ered. He was a pioneer resident of this State and county. . R R Boy Drowned. GONZALES, March 8.—Charles, the seven-year-old son of Jose Higuera, was drowned in the irrigation ditch while laying with four other children to-day. f{e Ielf into the muddy water, and aid arrived had gone d hefome own for the last found dead among the lumber piles on Fremont street wharf at an early hour this morning, and his body was removed to the Morgue. time. —_————— “Kelth's” opening millinery, extra fine, to-day. .. WASHINGTON, March 8—The Presl. dent to-day sent the following nomina- tions to the Senate: e e e nt for the Black. foot Ay e Indiane T New Mexico. Infantry: Second lieutenants to be st leutenante "L P PeAAdll, 'fig&”’f 3 eliert. Sixtn: G . Mutpny, “Tweniy N T, felas Jr., Twelfth: £, H. X g‘h:mn- 3 o migh g 9 i g LR G e IR Ex-President Benjamin Harrison Dis- pleased by Statements to the Coni . INDIANAPOLIS, March 8—The News says this afternoon that it is stated by in- timate friends of General Harrison that he is chagrined that his name should be so freely used in the newspapers of the country in connection with public ques- tlons now under consideration. Efforts to make it appear that he is planning to step forward as an anti-ad- ministration leader, with the hope that he may be called on to become a candi- date for President, are, it is said, especl- ally distatsteful. His friends say he has not the slightest desire to re-enter politics and that all references to his political as- pirations are gratuitous. ‘WOOL GROWERS ADJOURN. Officers Elected and Place of Next Meeting Selected. Special Dispatch to The Call. BOISE, 1daho, March 8.—The convention of the Pacific Northwest Wool Growers’ Assoclaticn adjourned to-day sine die, after three days’ session. Officers were elected as follows: President—Frank R. Gooding of Idaho. Vice Presidents—L. L. G. Edwards of Oregon, S. ‘Washington, Colonel Malone of Montana, James S. Leary of Utah, Tim Kinney of Wyoming. Secretary—J. W. Balley of Portland. Treas- urer—C. Ladd of Portland. Executive Committee Tdaho, W. G. Ayres of Oregon, S. A. of Washington, 8. N. Larrabee of Montana, F. L. Oswald of Utah, Colonel E. R. Snow of ‘Wyoming. The next meeting will be held in Pendle- March. e s oD .| ton, Or., next Pacific Coast Pensions. Spectal Dispatch to The Call. ‘WASHINGTON, March 8.—California— Original: James Newman, Riverside, $8. Original_widows’ special, accrued Febru- ary 2+—Minor of Aaron D. Hathaway, ‘B'wckum' $10; Malinda A. Padon, Palm: Oregon—Restoration and increase: Ozjas D. Keeler, dead, Wallowa, $10 to $12. In- t1:!'51‘&-0— elding A. King, Corvallls, $6 Q thuaton—ofldnn: John H. ¥ diers’ hmnmmn: “A. toAilll?rf)::hhl:- Cady, Seattle, 312 to $18. ! phminy Sem iy Death of John Lucas. Special Dispatch to The Call. BOLINAS, March 8.—Another of Marin's to-day. hn Lucas came to this ntry L0 ohn s cou his Ry St ok T LB 0 O arount Novato Ratael H OF #ao ot ihe time of his deac ) YoA™ V.—THE FIRST PICTURE. BY GEORGE W. GILSON. It 1s sometimes almost impossible to get just the light that is wanted. For in- stance, it would be out of the question to make during the middle of the day a suc- cessful negative of a building facing the north, for we would be facing or pointing the lens directly at the sun, which snould never be done. In addition to the reflec- tion on the lens we would not be able to | secure the proper amount of definition or detail in the front of the building. It would be in shadow, while all the other surrounding parts would be in strong light. These parts would be too white for the front of the building, giving what is known as too much contrast. In the case | of a house facing the east it would be bet- ter to make the exposure when the sun has reached the point where it falls just | a lttle off to the side of the front. Of | course, if we have a house to photograph | that Is facing the west the exposurc | should not be made until after the sun has passed the meridian far enough to fall | on the side and front. A house facing the | south is the easiest of all to handle, as it | can be made either in the morning or aft- ernoon. | For the first trial let us agree that a house be chosen for the subject. Let us | suppose that the proper light is now on | the subject. We proceed by setting up our camera on its tripod. It should be so R R e e o e SIS SR I Y e e bebeiste® | placed as to be perfectly steady. The best way to secure the most desirable resuits and at the same time have the tripod so that it will not interfere with the move- ments of the operator in focusing s to st up the tripod so that one leg of it points | directly toward the object to be photo- graphed. By this means the remaining two legs will be in such a position that one may stand between them In arrang- ing the camera. After the camera is in position and the screg of the tripod which holds the cam- era has been tightly set, the cap Is taken from the lens, the shutter opened by using the ‘“‘time exposure,” and we are ready to focus our picture on the ground-glass screen at the back of the camera. The opaque focusing cloth is then thrown over the back of the camera and brought closely down over the head in such a manner as to shut out all possible daylight from the back of the camera. The only light we want is that which comes througiv the lens at the front. | Focusing is generally done by means of | a screw at the front of the camera, which racks out or in, as the case may be, thus increasing or decreasing the distance of the lens from the screen. This focuses the ray of light passing from the object through the léens to the screen, making the picture clear and distinct upon the lass. As the picture becomes sharply 'ocused upon the screen we notlee first | that it is reversed, or upside dowrn. (The reason for this is given in the chapter on lenses.) We soon get accustomed to sseing | our pictures and focusing them in this | upside-down position. ‘While focusing we have opened the lens wide, and having now focused the image on the ground glass as sharply as possi- ble, paying particular attention to a point | about one-third the length of the plate, we must make use of the dlaphragms, or | stops. | “IP%ur camera has a shutter the dla- phragms are fixed in the shutter, and either represent a revolving disk with dif- ferent sized openings or open and close by means of little wings pivoted together, | called iris diaphragms. If the camera has no shutter, what are | termed waterhouse dmf)hmgms are used. These are sets of metal plates with open- ! ings of different diameters. Any ticu- lar plate or diaphragm may be placed in | the H. dlaphragm slot which is cut in the lens for the purpose. | “One reason for selecting a house or | pullding for a first trial of focusing the image correctly on the plate is to demon- strate the use of the sliding front and the swing back. If the camera is set up per- fectly leyel we will probably find that we have quite an expanse of foreground, but only one-half or three-quarters of the house (or height) on the ground glass. This is caused by the house being so much higher than the camera. If one could ascend a platform that would place the camera on a level with the center of the house this trouble would be avoided, but this, of course, is impossible. The dif- flculty is overcome by having the front of the camera so that it can raised or {lowered. There is a thumbscrew on the needs only to be loosened, when the whole front can be raised to the height required. The screw should then be tightened, thus holding the front in place. It sometimes happens that even by raising the sliding front to Its greatest height the entire buflding cannot be focused upon the | ground glass, a portion of the upper part of the building still being cut off. In this case we have to resort to lifting the cam- era upward—.. e., pointing the lens slight- 1y toward the top of the bullding—as one of the fundamental rules of the photo- S an ol 2o ot o oo o 2 5 Rt e S e e e e ot o L e e e ol o [ emaatanat e ol ol e ol e e e ] graphing of buildings is that the back para or ground glass, and consequently the plate, when placed in position, must be vertical. We must now use the swing- back. As the camera is lifted up we must swing the top of the back of our camera forward. In this way we are enabled to get all of the building in our plcture, pre- Berve the proper lines of the building and et uniform sharpness of focus. The swing-back is also used to bring distant and near objects in a landscape into focus at the same time. This is often from the fact that the focus is shorter for objects at a distance than for those near the camera. For the distant objects the lens is moved nearer the und glass, while for objects near us the lens must be moved farther from the ground glass, The Choice of a After the focus has been taken and i tines gie siraight we then dedds on what diaphragm or “stop” should be used. Some oara ors recommend that focusing done with the diaphragm in, side of the front of the camera. This| COURSE IN PHOTOGRAPHY FOR AMATEURS. Copyright, 1900, by Seymour Eaton. but it has been the experfence of the writer that beginners make better pro- 8ress by removing the diaphragm from the lens part before focusing, to be re- placed after the focusing. It would. of course, be an impossibility to lay down any fronclad rule for choosing the stop, as different subjects will require different depths of focus. It must be understood that the diaphragm is used for two ur- gules. First, to secure greater depth of ocus. The smaller the diaph m the 8reater the depth, or the farther back it will cut the picture sharp. But the draw= back in making too small a lhaphrflfm is that it will require a considerable in- crease in exposure. The second consideration In using the diaphragm is that it corrects spherical and other aberrations that are in the lens. The chief point to be remembered in us- ing the diaphragm is to use the largest possible, for it requires less time and the picture is better. The smaller the dia- phragm the flatter the fleld, or, in other words, the more sameness the picture will have. It should be the aim to secure as gerfec! perspective or distance as possi- le, and if too small a diaphragm s used it will bring the distance into nearly the same focus as the foreground, thus caus- ing the flatness spoken of above. About the simplest rule that could be given for the choosing of a diaphragm Is to focus on the central figure or object in the plc- ture with the diaphragm out and then ut in different sizes until the one is ound that gives the effect of the dis- tance receding gradually until the farth- est distance Is of a misty appearance; but even the distance farthest from the camera should be distinct enough to show what it {s composed of. It will be found that the diaphragms are all numbered and run in numbers like this—x4 or xi3 or x16 and so on. These numbers are only to indicate the size of the diaphragm, but it is best not to rely on any numbe but to educate the eye to see all that is in the picture to be made. Timing the Exposure. After the diaphragm has been placed in the lens a_careful examination should be made of the object as it appears on the ground glass to decide upon the time of exfoaure. This Is another point where it will take experience to become anywhere near accurate. One method that Is sug- fes!.d for the beginner to follow is to ook fixedly at the object to be photo- graphed, Keeping the eyes as near the center of it as possible for twenty-five seconds, and then, without looking at any- thing else, to put the head under the focusing cloth, examine the image on the ground glass and count the number of seconds It takes to see the detail in the very deepest shadow. Whatever that number may be will be the time it will take to get a good negative. However, some plates require less time than others. This method is good if the regular land- scape plates as put out by the different manufacturers are used. If it has been decided that a landscape is wanted it will require close study to find out just what will iook well in sueh & pleture. A bit of scenery which looks very attractive to the cye may make a very ordinary plcture. When we look at a view we can see more with the eve than the lens will take in. The landscape should be broken in ite nature. Over- come “sameness” as much as sible. Select the bit of scenery that cause one to examine the picture closel After the view has been decided upon f¢ is then necessary that the light fall just right to bring out what we want to show to advantage and to cover up those things which we should like to remain In the L e e e e e e e e e e . ] D L R Sk An k. S SR SRR S S R R e R T B S S DIAPHRAGM, SHOWING RE- VOLVING DISK. B e9sbeoeteded>ese® bacl As in the case of photo- fnm butiding; the sun should never ‘all upon the lens. Select a time of daj when the sun is off to the side and bacl of the camera. See that the sky line is a little above the center of the picture. If, however, the view to be pho(om?h.d has an es, ly pretty cloud effect it would be weil to drop the line a trifle to secure the clouds, as they are sure to add to the beauty of the view. In the cholice of a piece of scenery the selection should be made, if possible, from a point where the immediate foreground is of a pleasing na- ture. It s this part of the picture that will catch the eye of the beholder at the first glance. To bring out the perspective better and to help one judge better of the distance in a landscape it Is advisable so to arrange the point of view as to have some object such as a tree, bowlder, stump or some- thing of like nature in the middle fore- ground. sure to have it off slightly to one side of the plate. This will give some- thing by which distance may be measured with the eye. If there are to be figures or stock or a_house included in the land- scape these should never oecupy the cen- ter of the picture. Where they come di- thelJ rectly in the center they become the ‘“cen- ter of attraction.” to the detriment of the remainder of the plcture. DOWNING AND SCOTT ARE HELD FOR TRIAL OAKLAND, March 8.—William J. Down- ing and Edward Scott, who confessed to | the robbery of Peter Christensen, wers held to-day by Police Judge Smith in $4000 bail for trial before the Superior Court. Scott and Downing heard their confes- sions read in court this morning, as they had been stenographically taken by Re- porter Van Court. Nefther convict made any offer of defense. Chief Hodgkins had a guard of ten policemen in and about the courtroom when the men were brought up for examination. Every doorway and win- dow had its S three detectives, with of Police Wilson, were sta~ tioned to the two prisoners. PETITION CIRCULATED FOR FREE MAIL SERVICE BERKELEY, March 8.—A petition Is be- ing circulated by the residents of Peralta and Lorin requesting the postal authori~ ties at Washington to extend the free de- livery system to their districts. A similar petition was presented to the department over a year ago, but was not granted be- cause of lack of funds. —_— e Goodwin Guilty of Betrayal. OAKLAND, March 8.—After deliberat- ing over four hours, the jury before whom Charles Goodwin, ex-member of Troop B, Fourth United States Cavalry, was tried on a charge of betraying Mary Schaifer of Berkeley, brought in a verdict of guilty this afternoon and recommended Good- win to the oxxromal mercy of the court. Greene wil sentence W + pronounce