The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 8, 1900, Page 7

FRANCISCO H SA e T ADVERTISEMENTS, 19 USEA™’ Try it and see. oF NATIVE SONS® HALL - - AL W. stetedate pedetatetatedetebetetsbedstebetet sieie@ Gump Collection OF EUROPEAN PAINTINGS Will Confinue Every Evening During This Week at 8 0'Clock AND Wednesday, Thursday and Friday Afternoons at 2 0’Clock, S e S S e aatttatadias ] AUCTION SALE i i $ % i THE i ; z i 414 MASON STREET LOUDERBACK, Auctioneer. Bt 0800000000000 0000000040000000000400000040480808000Q ———————— e ———————————————————— The Greatest Bill in a Year THE SMEDLEY SKETCH CLUB! imperiat h Acrobats, Troupe of Moo Ten in Number. A WHT Y; NEWHOUSE & WARD: E FRANKS TRIO; PAULINE MORAN OVOLLO; THE DANCING PASSPARTS. THE —— DO MISS THE —— | . YER WAR VIEWS—— Balcony, 10c; Opera ¥ and Sunday. AMUSEMENTS, COLUMBIA EXTRA. Gomeci to-"voate 2 | tional performance of *'The Old Homestead' will be given Sunday night | 'Second and Last Week. Matinee Saturday. |DENMAN THGMPSO 'The Old Homestead | Beginning NEXT MONDAY NIGHT | CHARLES FROHMAN ‘resents WILLIAM GILLETTE'S GREATEST COMEDY TRIUMPH | BECAUSE SHE LOVED M S0 With J. E. DODSON and the BIG ORIGINAL CAST. SEBATS NOW READY. THEATER. TERNOON at 2:15, NCERTS of the S AND MUSIC DRAMAS, rection of C. L. Graft “THE +LY . 15G DUTCuMAN LiThe Mu a ector ce, Miscellaneous Reserveq Seats— seneral Admission, . box office. CHERMAN, CLAY & C0.’S HALL. EXPLANATORY RECITALS AT THE PIANO TR M s 4 on the DRAMAS m s Siegfried”; Monday, erdammerung’ Friday, Saturday, March 17th Reserved Seats, $1 50 , 1. On sale at Sherman, & « «TIVOLI* *“HOOT MON, THEY CANNA RESIST ME!" 6lst PERFORMANCE TO-NIGHT ©Of the Superb Comic Opers, he Idol's Eye. FVENINGS at 8. MATINEE SATURDAY at 3. POPULAR PRICES—25¢ and 50c. TELEPHONE—Bush 8. ALCAZAR THEATER. A HOWLING SUCCESS! YOU CAN'T RESIST LAUGHING. THE BAUCY, FUNNY FARCE. Never Agflifl 15¢, 25¢ *ESERYED 35¢, 50c. MATINEES SATURDAY AND SUNDAY. SEATS NOW READY FOR NEXT WEEK. SEATS NOW READY FOR NEXT WEET, WEEKLY CALL Enlarged to 18 Pages 81 per Year. Senta | Dutchman | THE PEOPLE'S POPULAR PLAYHOUSE. 770. FPHONE SOUTH STARTING WITH T S NEE, ONE W . The Laughing Farce nd Soc. ? in a Lavish Pro- BRS,” D | GRA | TELEPHONE MAIN 532 ERY EVENING. SATURDAY AND SUN- DAY MATIN GLORIOUS ENTERTAI) TOPIC OF THE HOUR IMMENSE HIT Of Rice's Famous Musical Fecentricity, THE GIRL FROMPARIS | USUAL PRICES. Good reserved seat in orchestra Saturday and Sunday matinees, 25ec. Branch Ticket Office, Emporium. | | BV, | | A MENT. THE 18 THB ~ CHUTES AND 200. EVERY AFTERNOON AND EVENING. GREAT VAUDEVILLE SHOW ! Amateurs_To-Night! THE LADY COOPERS’ CHORUS. Cakewalk Comtest Satarday Night! Black Bartoas vs. Stewarts. Beats by Pho:&—m 2n RACING! RACING! RACING! 1900—CALIFORNIA JOOKEY CLUB-19800 February 26 to March 10, Inclusi; K Ferry-boats leave San Francisco at 12:30, 1, 1:80, 2, 2:30 and 3 p. m., gm?e'fl?:: with traine stopping &t the enirance to the track. Last two cars on train reserved for la- gles and their cacorts; mo smoking, Buy 'your Ehell’ Mound. Al trains via | terry tickets to Oakland mole connect with San Pablo aven electric cars at Seventh and Broadway, Oal Jand _Also all trains via Alameda mole coi nect with San Pablo avenue cars at Fourteenth and Broadway, Oakiand. These electric cars g0 direct to the track in fifteen minutes. Returning—Trains leave the track at 4:15 and 4:46 p. m. immediately after the last race. (OMAE H. WILLIAMS JR., President. R. B. MILROY, Secretary. FURNITURE BUYERS ! SWEEPING REDUCTIONS IN ALL LINES OF FURNITURE, CARPETS, LINOI MATTINGS, Bro, OlroMS From 10 to 20 per cent on account of enlarging o L RO X o . o ly credit s, . Estimates given on complete housefurnishing. Prices lower than ever. T. BRILLIANT, 888-340 POST S8T., Bet. Powell and Stockton sta. Free delivery Oakiand and suburbs. | | REPUBLICANS BEGIN THE CAMPAIGN WORK Initial Steps for Selection of Delegates to the National Convention. JALL, THURSDAY, i In order to accommodate the | FAREWELL—-SUNDAY NIGHT—FAREWELL WHO CAN SIN. WHO ARE PRETTY. | v READY. B The heart #yrobs and pounds ND OPERA-HOUSE. | ESTERDAY James Alva Watt sent Fifth Congressional District | W. H. Cobb, in the Parrott build- | ing, to-morrow evening. This committee, | which was appointed by Mr. Watt In June, 1899, consicts of the following resi- dents of the district: | E. L Robinson, W. H. Cobb, Frank | French, G. H. Fairchild, Max Goldberg, | Jesse Marks, F. R. Danforth, Alvinza | Hayward, R. Donovan, Louis O'Neil and | | J. D. McKenzle. The last named three reside in Santa Clara County. Mr. Hayward is a resident of San Mateo County, and the others live | tn San Francisco, but all dwell in the Fifth District. The Call i not advised that any one has sought to cast reflection on the character | or intelligence of the men comprising the committee, yet the fact is undisputed that there has been a deal of comment In po- litical circles concerning the regularity of the committee’s appointment. For the sake of harmony and regularity in the preliminary work of selecting delegates to the Republican National Convention, this journal deems It proper to make a state- | ment of the facts in the case at this time. | Congressional District Convention that nominated E. F. serts that the convention before adjourn- ment authorized the chairman to appoint a Congressional District Committee. | asserts that he is in possession of the record of the convention's proceedings, duly attested by the secretary, E. D. | Crawferd, which clearly shows that such a resolution was adopted. He says fur- ther that he is ready to produce that rec- ord if its production becomes necessary. | He admits freely that he prepared the record himself, which the secretar; and approved. He acknowledges that he did not appoint the committee until the | month of June, 159, more than eight | months after the convention adjourned and seven months after the close of the Congressional campaign. He insists, out notices for a meeting of the | Re- | publican Committee at the office of | James Alva Watt, chairman of the Fifth | Loud for Congress, as- | He | read | Fourth Congressional District Declares for Open Primary Election—How James Alva Watt Appointed a Committee in Fifth District. o ! but they can send delegates to Philadel- however, that the proceedings were regu- | lar and that he will maintain their regu- larity against all comers. Judge Dibble also vouches for the regularity of the record. The recollection of E. D. Crawford of | Gilroy, who performed the duties of sec- retary of the convention, differs from that of Mr, Watt. Mr. Crawford says in & letter to The Call that he has mislald his notes, but he recollects that a resolution was adopted authorizing Mr. Loud, the | nominee for Congress, and the chairman of the convention to appoint the commit- | tee. He mentions that P. H. Prendergast assisted in keeping the record and re- uests that the latter be questioned. Mr. | Prendergast believes that he wrote the resolution himself and that it authorized | | Mr. Loud and the chairman to name the | committee, Mr. Loud wires to The Call from Wash- | ington, D. C., t! | the appointment of the committee. Watt, however, asserts that Mr. Loud | does ‘not in any sense question the reg- | ularity of the committee’'s appointment, | as_ the Congressman representing the | Fifth District was duly advised of all pro- | ceedings in the premises. | Reference has been made to the files of The Call, Chronicle and Examiner con- | taining reports of the convention. L] | Call and Chronicle mention the appoint- | ment of a committee on purity of elec- | tions and publish the names of the men appointed on this committee, but no refer- direct or remote is made to a Con- The Examiner did ¢ to either onal committee. ADVERTISEMENTS. . Palpitation. | -against the chekt walls at every sudden start; there is shortness | of breath from going up stairs, walking, sweeping, singing, talking or exercise of any kind; frequent fainting, smothering or sinking spells and pain in left side, shoulder or arm. Build up the heart muscles, strength- en the heart nerves and regu- late its action with the only truly great heart medicine. D:. Miles’ Heart Cure *1 had spells of violent palpitation of the heart, accompanied by smothering sensa- tions, and sometimes during these attacks I would be almost blind lori\nun at a time, After doclorinfl for four years and win, worse all the time, 1 was completely cure with a dozen bottles Dr. Miles' Heart Cure.” MRs. NANNIE E. BROOKS, Riverside, Cal. Dr Miles’ Heart Cure is sold -t“,“ dr‘\;.( stores on a positive guarantee. rite fo: ,lree advice and booklet to De. Miles Medical Co.. Bikhurt, Ind, B040904 040404 04040460400040 iVICHY | CELESTINS : IS A knewn for centuries and ¢ Natural Mineral Water imported. | ONLY IN BOTTLES, § For Disordered Stomach '3 and Indigestion. Its value has been testi. o to by thousands. So-called Vichy in Sy. phons’ IS NOT VICHY. Get the Genuine. Your physiclan will recommend 1t. A. VIGNIER, Distridutiog Ageat § S04 Qe0+0+0+0 ¢ 04040404040 FHEHEEHE e NINETEEN HUNDRED ¢ Cleveland BICYCLES., Neo. 83, a perfect road wheel $40. No. 94, a twenty-pound racer, S50, LE-VITT & BILL, 3% Larkin st., 8, F. 20 Ban Pabl: o ave., Crescent Bicycles, $25, $30 and $35. i s 140 ¢ 0404040404 040D+ hat he knew nothing about | Mr. | | minutes algo recorded the fact that th: committee. If a motion was made to ap- RO"“ a Congressional committee it must ave escaped the notice of the newspaper reporters. 'he foregoing statement of fact is made because the Republican County Commi tee will meet this evening, and the com mitteemen representing Assembly districts in the Fifth Congressional District may be | able to enlighten the voters on the propo- sition. Again, the Fourth Congressional Distriet Committee met last night and | adopted a resolution authorizing a confer- ence with the Congressional Commitiee of the Fifth District. Mr. Watt's conclu- slons may be correct and proper, but the record which he refers to should be pro- uced. The Republicans of San Francisco, Ban Mateo and Santag Clara know their rights and they will have what is right and regular., It is Grue that delegates to the National Republican Convention can- not meet as delegates to nominate a can- didate for Congress in the Fifth District, phia to nominate higher officers. FOURTH DISTRICT. Meeting of the Congressional Com- | mittee Last Night. | Initial steps for the selection of dele- gates to the Republican Natlonal Conven- | tion to assemble at Philadelphia June 19 | were taken | evening at Pythian Cas- tle by the district committee of the Fourth Congressional District. The meeting was called to order at 8:30 | the committee. The following named com- mitteemen responded by living voice when the roll was called: Joseph Spear, P, H. Prendergast, A. Barnard, Dr. P. A. Kear- ney, A. Ruef, Willlam Howe, James Mc- Cabe, Albert Houston, Charles Metzner, J. A. Hoey, M. Smith, Martin Brady, J. | H. Nelson and James Snook. A. Ruef announced that he held the proxy of J. Levl Jr., R. H. Williams, D. D. Lustig, and Thomas F. Lennon did not respond in person or by proxy. The secretary read the minutes, which proved to be a record of the proceedings of the session of the Fourth Congres- sional District Convention at which Julius | Kahn was nominated for Congress. The ! committes now representing the distric was appointed In open convention at the time the nomination for Representative | in Congress was made. The approval of | the record immediately followed. | A. Barnard, obtalning recognition from | the chalr, introduced resolutions with a | preamble. In the preamble it is set forth | that the National Committee of the Re- | publican party, by its call dated Decem- | ber 20, 1899, did provide for the election | and constitution of the next Republican | National Convention. The preamble then | quotes the language of the call relating to | the number of delegates and the manner | of_their selection. | The last paragraph of the preamble and | the resolutions introduced by Mr. Barnard | are as follows: ! Whereas, Under said call it becomes the | duty of this, the Republican Congressional | Committee of the Fourth Congressional | District of the State of California, which | Congressional, Committee was duly appoint- | ed by the Republican Congressional Con- vention of the Fourth Congressional Dis- | triet of the State of California on the 34 day of September, 1895, and was duly organized and in existence from said last | named date up to and including the said | date of sald call by said National Repub- | lican Committee and up to and including | the present date, to call a convention fcr | the election of said Congressional District | delegates and thelr alternates for the | Fourth Congressional District of the State | of California in accordance with sald call | of the said national committee; now, there- | fore, be it Resolved, By this, the Republican Con- gressional 'Committee of the Fourth Con- ressional District of the State of Cali- fornin, that a Congressional District Con- vention of the Republican party of the | Fourth Congressional District of the State of California be called for the election of =ald Congressional District delegates and their alternates; that sald convention con- sist of delegates elected at an open primary election to be held under the auspices of this committee; that the chairman of this committee be and hereby is authorized to appoint a committee of three members of this committee to formulate and prepare a call for sald convention and said primary election and to report the sald call to this committes for consideration and action thereon at the rext meeting of this com- mittee. The foregoing was adopeed without dis- o1 sent. P. H. Prendergast introduced the fnl-‘l lowing resolution, which was adopted | unanimously: | Church at Ragossa, $1000 ‘Whereas, The city and county of San | Francisco comprises a part of the Fifth Congressional District and the whole of the Fourth; and Whereas, It will be incumbent upon the Republican Fifth Congressional Committes to take action under the call of the na- | tional committee; and Whereas, It Is desirable that the action of the Republican Congressional District committees of the Fourth and Fifth Con- gressional districts should be In harmony | and accord. i Resolved, That the chairman of this com- | mittee be and he is hereby empowered and | directed to a int a committee of three | members of thi option of a uniform fon in reference to fonal District dele- gates to the pational convention and in the e Republican party and the its principles at the coming elaction. Chalrman ing committee in olutions: P. H, jpear announced the follow- accordance with the res- Prendergast, A. Barnard and Dr. ‘A. Kearney. On motion, Mr. Spear was added to the committee. Hfhe committee then adjourned to meet at the call of the chair. e During the Lenten Season It s astonishing to note the number of pri- vate little dinner parties that are given at Zinkand's. . WILL. Decedent Bequeaths “Her Estats to Relatives and Various Charities. The will of the late Mrs. Anna Herzo, who died on the 2d inst., leaving an e tate valued at $75,000, was filed for pro- bate yesterday. At the time of Mrs. Her- zo's death it was thought that she died intestate, and the Public Administrator made application for letters upon her es- tate, but her will was eubsequently found among papers In her safety deposit box in ' Tocal Dank. In addition o providing for her relatives Mrs. Herzo remembered va- rious charities. Following are the be- quests: To George Mascavich, a nephew, residing in Concord, Contra Costa Count: ,000; to Ellen Radisich, a sister, di mond cross, earrings and bracelets; to the oor of the town of Lissa, Austria, $1000; go the tor of the Roman Catholic church known as El Domo, Lissa, for masses; to the pastor of St. Blaise for masses: to the poor of the town of Ragossa, Dalma- tia, $1000; to the pastor of the Catholic church at Dalmatia, $500 masses. sich, a who resides at Lissa, $2000; to the Youth: Dlrmtorfiof this city, $500; to the Sisters of the Holy Family of San Francisco, $500; to the pastor of the Itallan Church | of Bt. Peter and St. Paul In this eity, $200; to all of decedent’s godchildren, i each; to A. F. Drago, a cousin, $500. 'The residue of the estate is devised'to Antuna Radonovich_and Ellena Radonovich, sfs- ters, and rge Mescavich, a nephew. John L. Radovich and John CI are QHH It E I 444+ named as executors. R P. dealer in fine liquors, 224 East st., 8. F. Branch in Keswick. o ] | o’clock by Joseph Spear Jr., chairman of i the history of the department | of the public 15, 1900: | dent of Schools. ARCH 8, 1900 TEACHERS MUST NOW KEEP THEIR MOUTHS CLOSED School Board’s Offended Dig- nity Vents Its Rage on a Woman. —_— Superintendent Webster Urges a Raise in Substitutes’ Salaries. John Elbert Is Appointed Chief Census Marshal. g i Because Miss H. M. Fairchild, principal of the Golden Gate Primary School, en- couraged the mothers of her pupils to frame a protest against the action of the Board of Education in abolishing the spe- cial study of sewing, that lady at yester- day's meeting of the board was suspended from the department for five days with- out pay. The board, In its offended dig- nity, passed resolutions which recited that “Miss Falirchild had been guilty cof a grave breach of discipline in not sustain- ing the board,” and thus demonstrated | that teachers must now keep their mouths closed with regard to any of its official acts. Miss Fairchild’s offense, which is con- sidered such a heinous one by the Direc- tors, consisted in presiding at a meeting of the Mothers’ Club held the day after Miss N. H. Mayberry was removed from her position as special sewing teacher in the Golden Gate School, and in_ drafting a letter which was copied by the pupils and signed by their parents, requesting the board to reinstate Miss Mayberry. At the regular secret session of {he board held last Tuesday Miss Fairchild came very near to being severely dealt with. One Director insisted that she be suspended for five months. This was re- duced to one month, but was most stren- uously opposed by Superintendent Wab- ster, who said that it was the first time in that a teacher had been disciplined. Finally the board compromised on a five days’ sus- pension. The fact that the petition of the sub- stitute teachers to restore their salary to $3 50 per diem when employed had been turned down at the star chamber session caused the presentation of resolutions by Superintendent Webster providing that on and after March 7, 1900, day substitute teachers be &mid $3 per diem when teach- ing classes of the second, third and fourth grades; $4 per diem when teaching classes of the first, fifth, sixth, seventh, eignih and ninth irades: $6 per diem when teach- ing in high schools and when acting as | vice principals of grammar schools; when | not engaged in teaching §1 per diem for reporting for duty. The sum of $2000 was appropriated tor he purchase of books for the use of eed"l children, and a further sum of $2000 provisions of the Political Code. The title of vice principal of the Wash- ington and of business evening schools was abolished and the position designated as class teachers at 350 per month. The salary schedule fixing the amount of $2 50 per room for janitorial service of the evening schools was abolished. In deference to a writ of injunction is- sued by the Superior Court, all principals 1 and teachers were directed to cease usiu the text books of the Shaylor system ol | vertical round hand penmanship and sub- stitute therefore the California vertical system of penmanship. The Board of Public Works gave notice of the dismissal of the following janitors schools, to take effect March | la av- endish, Mrs. J. Langham, Mrs. M. J. Kel- S. F. Hodgkins, Miss W. i le Fontaine, John Kavanaugh, Mrs. E. C: ly, R. Gautner, Mrs. McCarthy, Mrs J. Fay, Mrs, A. Hines, T. Jackson. Mrs. Kate | 4 Petersen. Mrs. M. J. Smith, janitress of & Webster Primary School, to the Moulder Primary School. John Elbert was appointed chief census clerk at $ per day. On March 25 forty marshals will be appointed at $5 per day to take the school census. The application of W. D. Kingsbury, vice principal of the Horace Mann Sram mar School, for an indefinite leave of ab- sence was denled. His resignation, which Was subsequently filed, was accepted, he having been appointed Deputy Superinten- One class in the Chinese Primary School | and one in the Franklin Grammar School Were consolidated out. Miss M Ka- gan of the latter school was transferred o the Irving Scott School, vice Miss Pes. sle Gillen. The Superintendent was allowed $50 to prepare certain statistics and duplication 5t examination questions. J Hollub was_assigned to the ening School, vice Mrs. R, Miss Rose Goldsmith and es of ub- Miss M. Washington Ev H. Morrissey. Miss M. Curry were granted leav: sence. NO WAR TAX STAMPS FOR TRUST DEEDS Internal Revenue Commissioner Wilson has Issued an order that has thrown all | the Internal revenue collectors in the United States into a flurry, inasmuch as it reverses the previous practice and the previous ruling of the Commissioner and virtually admits that revenue officials have been collecting war taxes in a quar- ter that the tax should never have in- vaded. The new ruling is to the effect that con- veyances of real estate without valuable consideration to a trustee, or by a trustee to another trustee, or by a trustee to a cestui qui trust (beneficiary) require no war tax stamps under internal revenue laws. The Commissioner's ruling is made in accordance with a decisior of the Cireuit Court for the district of Missouri. KENTUCKY LOTTERY. MONTREAL, March 7.—The regular monthly drawing for the month of March of the Cana- dian Royal Art Union, by which the winning numbers of the Kentucky Lottery were decided, was held h‘"n‘:r;;“{is,ooo' an;:ln; pflua oy ws: 9, . e l'ouo > 31000 $500; 53,45 . b, e e e——— Ethnology of California. At the San Francisco Polyclinic last night Dr. Philip Mills Jones deltvered one of the series of Hearst lectures. His sub- t was the ‘“Ethnolos of California.” ’lsfie auditorilum was wef{flllad, and those resent listened with great interest to Dr. fone.' comprehensive consideration of his subject. “Keith's”” Paris hats displayed next Friday and Saturday. Phelan bullding, 808 Market street. . ———————— Bert Gray Convicted. Bert Gray, a hoodlum who has gained considerable notorfety of late through the commission of various crimes, was con- Victed by a jury in Judge Lawlor's court terday on a charge of burglary, com- yme{:(ed Iny'.he Westminster Hotel. ol LSy In the Divorce Court. Annie M. Stone has been granted a 4i- vorce from Willlam BE. Stone, on the ground of willful neglect. Suits for di- vorce have been filed by Anabel von Caso- vivick against Theodore von Casovivick, for desertion; Abraham Tuchler Inst L. Tuchler, for cruelty; Caddie Al- inst Tony Alborell, for deser- tion; amie Blydner alnst Charles Blydner, for cruelty, and T. J. Cunning- ham against Coraline Cunningham, for in- fidelity. Standard Optical Co., 217 Kearny st., leading optictans. All work guaranteed; prices low. * b et City Hall to Be Rearranged. The Supervisors' Bullding Committee yesterday decided to put into operation the recommendations of Superintendent Barnett regarding the rearrangement of the City Call. These include the substitu- tion of electric elevators for those now used and the reconstruction of the ing apparatus. T17 Market st. s-.leo!-hmnln‘m.[ MOST FAMOUS POET OF ANCIENT GREECE. Copyright, 1800, b y Seymour Eaton. was transferred | VII. HOMER AND THE GREEK EPICS. | BY CHARLES FORSTER SMITH, PH.D. t It is a commonplace of ecriticism that | Homer {s one of the three greatest writ- | ers of the world, and Matthew Arnold Is | doubtless right In considering the Ho- | meric poems “the most important poetical monuments existing.” Homer gives us an extraordinarily vivid and interesting | i picture of the world’s young springtime. | The Greeks were the first people that | came with eyes to see; the world was | young and fresh and fair; things and | ideas were still in large part unnamed and the Greeks had the Instinct to give | names that would describe. Homer por- | trays a life that he knows, and describes | | things natvely, simply, directly and un-| ashamed. The “Iliad” and the “Odys- | | sey”” are the eternal books of youth, and | | & perpetual lesson in good taste, because | | thefr form is perfect. But the “Tllad”* and the “Odyssey,” though the earllest Greek | poems extant, are not the work of a | | primitive poet, nor do they describe an | inltial stage of Greek civilization; rather | they mark the close of an epoch. They | | presuppose long periods of development {and the form of the verse was unques- | | tionably the growth of centuries of liter- | |ary culture. The great Achaean age, | | which Homer represents, and of which | | the sfege of Troy was doubtless the most | notable event, culminated before Homer, and its cataclysm came no great while after in the Dorian invaston. | The real theme of the “Tliad” is tha| | wrath of Achilles. Paris of Troy had carried away from Sparta Helen, wife of % D o o S o SR T SR S | R | RS o IR 4 |o | | Menelaus, and most beautiful of Greek | could sa; | women, and all the chivalry of Hellas, un- | der the leadership of Agamemnon, was | besleging Troy to recover Helen. The | poem opens in the tenth year of the war, | | and the period of action is only about | | forty-two days. With consummate art | | the Foet plunges at once In medias res, | as If all the previous course of the war | were known. Achilles had advised Aga- | memnon to stay a pestilence in the camp | by restoring his captive Chryseis to her | father, the priest of Apollo. The haughty | Agamemnon restored the malden, but in- sulted Achilles by taking his own captive, Brisels. Whereupon Achilles, obeying the | goddess Athena, had not slain Agamem- non, but renounced the war. Persuaded by Achilles’ goddess-mother, Thetls, the supreme god Zeus sent defeats and dis- asters upon the Greek host, and Agamem- | non soon recognized that without Achilles | the Achaeans could not take Troy. In | | vain he humiliated himself by sending an embassy of the bravest and most honored | to offer fullest reparation to Achllles, even Agamemnon's own daug! ter as a b Achilles was inexorable. | Worse disasters follow. The greatest Achaean leaders are wounded, Hector is storming the Greek camp, and only Ajax saves the ships from fire. At last Achilles germlls Patroclus to lead out the Myrmi. ons against the foe, but he falls a vi tim to his own recklessness, and his body, stripped of Achilles’ armor, is rescued only by J;rodlgles of valor on the part of Ajax and Menelaus. Achilles’ grief was terrific. He threw himself on the ground. cast dust on his head and dress and writhed In agony, Desire for revenge now took the place of anger. He l:peu‘zd on the rampart and gave a battle shout which dismayed the bravest Trojans and made their very horses cower and tremble. As soon as Thetls could procure his other armor from Hephaestus, the artificer of the gods, Achilles attacked the Trojans and slew their bravest, last of all Hector. Patroclus’ dead body then received spie: did funeral rites and Hector's corpse was restored to the aged Priam. The “Illad” and “Odyssey” are not di- dactic poems, but they present a remark- able picture of Achaean life. “In a man- ner chiefly incidental,” says Mr. Glad- stone, “there is supplied to us a mass of information In history and lefend. rellg- fon, polity, ljl.\-uce. domestic life and hal its, ethnical and social relations, the con- ditions of warfare, navigation, Industry and of the useful arts, exceeding in amount what has ever at any other pe riod been brought for use into one foc h‘ a llngle mind, exce] ssibly by the philosophical works o ristotle, it we | possessed them entire.” ~ “The Homeric | poems,” says Mr. Gladstone again, ‘“have also through the intervention of the Greek and then of the Roman civilization, | for both of which they form an original | literary base, entered far more largely | than any other book, except Holy | ture, into the formation of modern | thought and life.” In the Greek drama, characters are apt to represent types, but in Homer the | characters are marked by the subtlest distinctions. 1In the protagonist is easily the mos ous and attractive figure. conspicu- Of all the he- | roes he is the tallest, strongest, fleetest and most beautiful, an orator whose su- | premacy is acknowledged by Ulysses, and ‘whose chief speech (in book 9) ,is consid- ered by Mr. Gladstone unsurpadsed in the annals of eloquence for 3000 years. A mu- sician he Is, too, and next to the divine Paeon Mrhlfil best understands the art of healing. is love for Patroclus passes | that of women; he is the soul of honor/| and above deceit, irascible and Inexora- ble, yet quick to pity and gentle to the helpless. He idealizes the youth of the Greek race, “a lustrous figure, ever po- tent, ever young, but with the ash-white of coming death around his fore. Under the hands of the dramat- ists his immortal c! cter never degen- erated as did even that of Ulysses. As_Achilles ugrenemed the element of ssfon, so did Ulysses the function of in- ellect. He is pre-eminently distingufshed by tnuthnu{lu‘ gre.ence of mind and self-control—the shrewdest and wiliest of the Greeks, a profound and astute man of the world. # % 1 glorifies his you Spirte of adventure; resourcefulness and manly endurance combined with a pas- | literature, have ! small unwritten | Derby’s GOLDEN AGES OF LITERATURE. slonate yearning for home and native land; but even in the “Iliad” he is second only to Achilles. The two prefigure the manly ideals of the Hellenic race. Other clearly drawn characters are the stubborn fighter Ajax, “tower of battle,” and the garrulous old Nestor, whose “speech flowed sweeter than honey.” Among the Trojans most consplcuous are Hector, the knightly gentleman and bulwark of Troy. and his aged father Priam, who has suf- fered unmeasured ills, and yet must sue to Achilles for his sons body, saying: “I have borne such things as no man on the earth hath ever borne—to lift to my lips the hand of the man who hath slain my son. Of women In the “Iliad” tgo are of sur- passing intere: Helen “has exercised more perhaps than any of the creations of poetry a profound effect on men's fm- agination.” Lessing has pointed out, in the “Laocoon,” how Homer conveys an impression of surpassing personal beauty, not by describing her but by giving voice to the old men’s admiration: Well may the Trojans and Achaeans strive, And for a time bear sorrow and unrest For such a woman. In her cause and quest, Who, like immortal goddesses in face Appeareth.’ But Andromache is the most lovable of Homeric women. Her parting from Hec- tor in the sixth “Tliad” is the best-known art of the poem, and Hector's love for is young wife Is as touching as anything in modern romance. We ngxt see Andro- mache In the twenty-second “Iliad. when, hearing Hecuba's cry of anguish, she rushes to the wall only to see her husband dragged at Achilles’ chariot wheels, and then we hear her bitter la- ment at his funeral. She has appeared but for a few brief moments, and yet no woman of the “Iliad,” and few in had such a hold on hearts, both anclent and modern. Homer was the universal textbook in Greek schools. A young man in Xeno- phon's “Symposium” remarked that he [ e e e e e s ta e S e d ] R B B L e o A o o 2 3 R B R O R S R e e R e e e e R kit Y ) K the whole “Tliad” and “Odys- sey” by heart, and his example was prob- ably not unique. The young Alcibiades indignantly struck a schoolmaster who confessed that he had nothing of Hom- 's, and Alexander the Great admitted hat he had formed himself on the char- acter of Achilles. The elegiac poets de- velop verse and language out of the epic, and all the greatest lyric poets show Homer’s influence—none more than Pin- dar. In an important sense Homer was the master of Herodotus and Thucydides; and Greek grammarians, as well as Ger- man critics, have discussed the Homeric style and thought in both _historians. Aeschylus called his tragedies ments from Homer's and Sophocles received no than “the tragic Homer.” t e g, The Homeric style and language ai noticeable in Plato, as well as the latter's frequent citation of the eplc poet. Even Demos- thenes is said to have imitated Fomer. In the Alexandrine poetry Homeric in- fluence was predominant, especially in Theocritus. Indeed Homer was thd key to_all subsequent Greek literature, as no other poet has ever been to any other litgrature, even the influence of th lish Bible being less determinative own literature. ‘Who was Homer? When and where was he born? What works did he compaese? There i3 perfect agreement only as to the name. We do not know who Homer was. According to a Greek epigram, seven cities claimed to be Homer's birtnpl 5 but, in fact, far more places on both sides of the Aegean and among the islands ar- rogated this distinction, and the state- ments as to the date of his birth r‘fi. over more than 40 years. This is In reality perhaps a tradition of the rise and spread of epic poetry. And what did mer compose? Earller Greek antiquity attributed to him pretty much the whols body of the epic poetry, but Alexandrine scholarship denied his title to ail lme?c the “Iliad” and the “Odyssey.” Even the unity of the authorship of these two was attacked, but the authority of Aristarchus, the greatest of ancient scholars, u}.md the so-called ‘‘separators.” iy in the eighteenth century a Neapolitan claimed that Homer's poems were made by a series of and not committed to writ- Ing at first, but proofs in support of view were first given In F. Wolf's fa- mous “Prolegomena” (17%). Wolf argued that our Homer was originally many 'ms, the unity being due to a commission in the time of Pisis- tratus (sixth century). Woif's foilowers, especlally Lachmann, attempted to dissect the “Illad” into the original lays. All great Greek scholars of all lands have in the last century been on one side or the other of the Homeric question, and it has been almo: as far-reaching in hilology as the Darwinian theory has n in science. By a natural reaction the "r::‘ld :ll oph';ion is l‘"nrr“‘lbtr toward an original nucleus or central poem, greater or smaller; but critical opinion does not tend toward unity of authorship of both “Ilfad” and “Odyssey.” Of translations of the “Iltad,” Lord in verse, and g, Leaf and Meyers, in prose, may be especially men- tioned; but other versions, such as Chap- man’s, Pope's, Cowper’'s, Bryant's, have many claims to consideration. For the “Odyssey,” Worsley's transiation in verse and Butcher and g’s In prose are doubtless unequaled, though Palmer" rhythmical prose version merits especial commendation. Valuable helps to the eral reader in appreciating Homer are, sides the histo- es of Greek literature, Jebb's “Introduc- tion,’ 's “Companion to the Iliad,” Agnes M. Clerke's “Familiar Studles i Homer,” Jebb's “‘Classical Greek Poetry chapters ii and iil; Symonds’ Poet: volume I, chapters iii and haffy's “Social Life of the Greeks, ters ii and 1ii; Gladstone's Studles™ and “Juventus Mundl,” Bonitz's “Origin of the Homeric Poems™ gul o- Matthew Arnold's “On Translating mer.” CHARLES FORSTER SMITH. University of Wisconsin. —_———————— In Spain a waltress may be had for §1 50 a month and often merely for = and clothes. Good cooks 33, but if allowed to do the marketing they will accept $2.