The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, September 10, 1899, Page 29

28 THE SUNDAY CALL 2 2 YOM OM KIPPUR (Yom, the day; Kip- pur, pardon), or Day of Atone- ment, will be observed on the 10th o Tishri, which corresponds day of September in \dar, by Jews all over tew exceptions. {ppur is the only fast day or- and was originally erhaps, as a temporary day of for the sin of the worship of the calf, yet it was permanently in- 4 by Moses as a day of atonement n general. The later Jews, however, instituted a few more fest days in commemoration of us events, especlally, which at and after the time destruction of the two but thesa additional fast ve now become almost obso- o one ordained by Moses is still rally observed as it was at any the history of the ancient Jews, connected with the erably modified. rved by the ancient ast day were leglon. to prepare himseif nement for the ar- ed him and to turb his devotions him unclean. The most re- remony of,the day was the > high priest into the sanc- e the ark contalning the tables ‘en Commandments, any not allowed on d the sanctuary first time he r ar vessel The i [ Atonement ewed v all men allegiance to when the of Ampm g ap g P g0 fourth time he entered merely to remove tg: censer and vessel of incense. Another of the psculiar sacrifices of the day was the selection of two goats, both to be alike in staturs, color and age, one of which was to be sacrificed to Jehovah and the other to be sent to the desert burdened with the sins of the people d set at liberty, Lots were drawn to de- termine_which of the goats should be killed. The scapegoat was called Azazel, meaning removed or sent-off goat. The remainder of the day was spent in prayers and other works of penance. Among the present orthodox Jews, for the scapegoat of old, chickens are sub- stituted, Which they call Chapora. Roost- ers are used for the male members of the hopsehold and hens for the female mem- - KIPPUR- WWRLGens 4 A rs. On the eve of Yom K.lpg;:r th.? turn them three times around tl head, each time ying {n Hebrew that ‘“the chicken is to sacrificed instead of me,” after which it Is slaughtered and used for food. The younger members of the family also ‘shlog Chapora,’ as it is called. If too young to turn the chicken und_their own heads, the father does t for them, while they repeat the prayer. {uch excitement and some fear is felt if the chicken approaches too near to the head of the youthful devotes, and the beak and claws are watch with a wholesome respect. Yom Xippur begins at sunset on the ninv av of Tishri and continues until sunscl. 31 the following day, There has the length of the bech ug, modification o Banhbecde -2 S P | fast since the days of Moses. -1TS SIGNIFICATION On the eve of Yom Kippur the last meal for the comlnf meal is to create thirst. twenty-four hours s eaten. prepared without salt so as not After the meal has bean eaten services are attended at the syna- ogue. Some of the more devout mem- ers of the congregation remain in earn- es fact until the end of the fast. rayer all through the night, and in i X This, how- ever, 15 the exception, not the rufe. Early on the morning of the tenth day of Tishri the Jews wend their way to the tyna%oxue. there to remain until the last note has been sounded on the shophar or ram’s horn, which {s the signal that the humiliation rreat day of explation an ) at an end. The shophar is sounded at stated Intervals during the day and In A own misdeeds and thos2 of their w! 3 2 “Defender of the Teith,” and tenaclously cling to the romance to the end. Not a superfluous word is used. This Inevitableness and uniformity of key are quite delightful, and their charm end influence linger long after the book is closed. The tale is historical— a somewhat personal and dome: narra- tive of the life of Henry the Eighth as known to Henry Percy, sixth Earl of Nor- thumberland, *‘who was Wolse upil, Anne Bullen's lover and t ' 1 " Frank Mathew, who will be re- membered as the author of “A Child in the Temple,” ‘““At the Rising of the Moon,” etc., has gone directly to histori- cal sources for authority In drawing his characters, and thus the romance carTies : S weight. Cavendish's Godwin, 1a”" are the ties quoted. The intimate plctured from the fall of the asc & Northumber thumberland the Piigrims of C present at the cour e and the King is il on the day of Crom- well's arrest. The romance is in three parts— The Fall of the Cross,” descrip- tive of Wolsey's fal “The Queen of May,” devoted to Anne's brief reign, and “Pilgrims of Grace,” the revolt of the Catholics. Henry is frankly pictured in all phases of his strength and weakness hout varnish in all his moral hid- . At one part in the narrative he is thus described: hen the King came, riding alone. He wore yellow silk and a short mantle of er- mine, and a round cap of crimson velvet with a flaunting white plume. Ag he lounged, managing a_white horse hung with trappings of cloth-of-gold, he was nodding with a lazy good humor. On his big horse he towered above the worship- ing people. Though he was still glowing and fortunate, there was a lurking un- easiness in ma "' Some of the King's dial character and condition. For instance: “Your eyes are wet, baby,” he went on as he pulled her to his knee. “You have been crying again.” 2 een sleepless.” y Thinking of you.” “How could you be better emrloyed'{" he said, fondling her neck. “I'll forgive that—but no tears, mind you. I chose you as a companion in happiness. While I terested found youth had passed 1 dden by priests and frittered in the rejoicing: It was time to be free and a F I am. A Jittle neck,” he mutt ng his hand on it. “You choke me,” she gasped. Still he throttied her. Then he flung her off. Poor little Anne, in spite of her often and evident hypocrisy and sophistication, wins our sympathies, and the King and Cromwell become hateful people. The writer's opinion of Cromwell {s not an elevated one, for he takes sides agalnst Froude and others in believing him thor- oughly _dishonest in his professions of piet; He says that, on good authority, it is known that he had been fervent in his profession of Roman Cetholicism when that was convenient. However, some of the most Interesting passages in the book are made so by words of his. Of much that is quotable the following is selected: ““We thirst for wine, and the gods lavish it upon us as soon as the years have soured it to vinegar."” “All gayety is innocent, as flame must pc.]pure. though it rises from burning ilth.” ““The muddy gardencr_digs while the lovers gather the roses. Seeds are planted in graves. Weeding England, 1 have not spared crowned thistle: “When a man i3 feeble, his mould is effeminate and his stains are enduring.” “Sunset sees rosy windows.” A guttering candle is still deadly to moths.” “Worshipers kneel to themselves. Yet the vulgar need threats of damnation. For their sakes I assume convenient re- liglons.” Northumberland, referring to his tute- lage with Machiavelll, says to Crom- —u ou an Englishman? fan venom!” One of the most interesting chapters in the_romance is a pastoral, when North- umberland {s cared for by a shepherd, who travels from time to time to the town and brings back the news of strife and slaughter, but telling it so stmply that we are given the history and spared the horror. ~ “The old man recited these things merrily, contrasting the folly of creat persons and the wisdom of sheep.” Boaked in Ital- 'he volume Is {llustrated with three portraits after Holbein, Henry VIII, Cromwell and Anne Bullen. Defender of the Faith, by Frank Math- ew. « (John Lane: The Bodley Head, Lon- don and New York.) CAGLIOSTRO. The authorship of “Cagliostro” is as- cribed to the famous Joseph Balsamo, Count of Cagliostro, the great fortune teller of the eighteenth century. It i one more of the many “books nfielt{n .” This usually blown by the rabbl's assistant. The shophar was used by the ancient Jews for calling the people together for holy solemnities; in time of war or re- belilon it was also used as a trumpet for making signals by watchmen. The word shophar means bright and clear and ex- actly describes its clear shrill sound. Standing in public prayer is the prac- tice of the Jews, but on this day of days they prostrate themselves several times in an attitude which expresses devotion, sorrow and humiliation. The majority of the men wear & white gown over their other clothing while in the synagogue. This same white gown Is used as a shroud at their burial. ‘hrown loosely over the shoulders is the Tallus or praying shawl. Among the orthodox Jews the women have a separate portion of the synagogue reserved for them, usually a gallery run- ning around the sides of the structure. Occasionally some woman weakened by her long fast {s overcome and becomes unconscious, She i8 quickly cared for hy tender hands and removed to the vestry rooms and taken out of doors, where the fresh air soon revives her. Members of her family may insist upon her going home to zreak her fast, but nine times mt of ten she will decline and will return 5 her devotions. - “As the drinking of water or any liquid is prohibited on Yom Kippur many de- vices are used to stimulate the senses weakened by fasting. A lemon thickly studded with cloves from which frequent {nhalations are taken seems to retain its popularity as a stimulant. Smelling salts, Rmmonia and kindred preparations are used, The men pass snuff boxes to their neighbors and frequent pinches of this compound are inhaled. The younger children derive much an- joyment by borrowing the reviving prep- QFo¥OXSR BEOKG XOK OFOXOFOXDH The Day of Atonement o RBe Celebrated the Fifteenth Day cf Septemeber. PAOXPUPRQUPAPUPA TR IHIU *oQ L4 * > % B4 * 2 s ¢ b 4 i : & 3 @IEIEXDXDADK OAPAD XOH OXOAP TP O % @dxoxo* A Jeene in a Jan Francisco JSynagogue. daughters and sons under 13 burden of the sins On this accou it Is the great concern They there- s weighted stirring the hearts of all the members of were, into them, as it common a fam the y, welded being with one with one fervent, prayer for forgiveness timent this day {n the synagogues of the ortho- dox one may observe the spectacle of a father in prayer on the Day of Atone- spreading his taleth, or gmylng , over his young sons, symbolizing elders and surprising thelr youthful friends, whom they have induced to “smell it,” by the new and strange odor which brings the unwelcome tears to thelr eyes. e unwary are caught and made to weep by suddenly having a handkerchief saturated with am- monia or some other liquid thrust in their faces. he proud boast of 13-year-old Jalctolzj vtrho gas just been barmitzvaed (confirmed) that he is going to fast the whole day and not even drink any water. When Jacob meets his friende in the ves- try room he asks with an impressive alr how they are fasting, and if any confess that they were only able to stand fast until dinner time, he withers the unfor- tunates with the information that he hasn't eaten a thing and that they must be bables to break their fast so soon, And Sarah, 14 years of who fasted only half a da{( last Yom Kippur, is re- solved to brud her former record and the entire day. mfituvld in all the accumulated wisdom of his 21 years of lite, who is away from the parental roof for the first time, work- ing In a strange city, concludes that the fagt day is only an’ old custom and it arations of thelr TO THE JEWS » doesn’t to give thres square meals a day f(‘:r‘,old c‘u‘flo:fia sake and to sit In the synagogue all day long. Anyway he can_ get along without religion, But gradually he returns to the belief in the old religion. The world’s hard knocks, when he was just begipning to doubt the existence of God, have led him to observe, study and investigate, and he has been convinced that the fathers has lost none of his sway natfons of the earth, and that the laws of Moses, which were good for the an- cient Jews, are good for their descend- ants. So he observes the Day of Atone- ment and you may see him in the syna- gogue, among strangers it is true, but still among his own people, united by the bond that has held them together for over 5000 years, and which promises to hold them together until the end of time, unit- ed by love of the God of their fathers. The Day of Atonement has been ob- served in all ages and In all countries since it was instituted by Moses. Nelither persecution nor groaperuy has had power to prevent its observance, and it is safe to say that Yom Kippur will be observed for countless centuries to come. A. WEINBTOCK, Stockton. An Ancient his desire to include the faults of his little ones in the category of his own sins, and to beseech forgiveness for them and him- self. JACOB NIETO, Rabbi Congregatior. Sherith Israel. Tabernacle. (From an Old Print.) Rionement For Wrengs Dong F there is a day in the life of Israel’s religion more important than others it is the Day of Atone- ment. It conveys to our minds first, the proneness of man—his weakness and the loving kindness of God, who in his magnanimity has ap- pointed a day whereon to pardon his children their follles and foibles. Then again it suggests that man is the highest object of creation; the very image of God, and that he can put him- gself in communion with his Creatcr ‘whenever he becomes conscious of his guilt. The most unworthy can go to this merciful guardian when he becomes sincere and earnest without having as an object a person for his atonement, God is our father and we are his chil- dren, and just as a father pitieth his child, so will God have compassion upon us when we are sincere and con- trite. The greatest difficulty in presenting ourselves before the throne of grace is the thought that we can commit wrong after wrong and expect the Day of Atonement to wash us clean from the scarlet of our sins. Our sages have told us that “sins committed t God the Day of Atonement will pardon, but sins committed against our neighbor the Day of Atonement will aot pardon until reparation has been made to the injured party.” That is divine justice. God is as kind and as merciful to one as he is to the other, and in order to enjoy the real spiritual atonement we must plead in deeds as well as in words. To be cleansed from all our sins we must not only profess repentance, but we must be really repentant. The Day of Atonement is intended to recon- cile man to man and man to God. It is the greatest day in the spiritual life of any faith, and its conferring upon man_ the dignity of making him per- sonally competent to come before God as a mediator confers divine power upon each individual. No mediator be- tween God and man is the spiritual meaning of the Day of Atonement. M. 8. LEVY, Rabbi Congregation Beth Israel. Doing ar nove! and of its twenty inge; tex vet even the at the answe they give to ng to past and future. The “times a little startiing. All unde illy expurgated from this edition of Cagliostro's work, and it may be recommended as a winter me and amusement. gliostro—A Book of Destiny (Laird & Lee, Chicago. Cloth, 75 cents.) PATRIOTIC NUGGETS. This little book is a collection of ex- tracts from the writings of Franklin, ‘Washingtor, Jefferson, Webster, Lincoln and Beecher, whose prophetic sayings are being yearly confirmed. The extracts se- lected are chiefly those giving their opin- fons of America and American people. Although the limitations of the book make the extracts brief, they have been 50 well selected that the march and strength of American opinion is quite completely outlined. It will be an excel- lent lesson to compare their patriotic ut- terances spoken from the heart and with true conviction to the spread-eagle fool- ishness issuing from the lips of many a snt-day demagogue, working, not as sc men were—for the next generation— but merely for the next election. Even Beecher, sometimes spasmodic, spoke gen- erally sound sense. It is an excellent les- son In progress to occasfonally look back- ward for light. ‘‘Patriotic Nuggets,” edited by John R. Howard. (Fords, Howard & Hulbert New York. Flexible cloth, giit top, 40 cents.) THE STORY OF ERIE. That there {s much of interest and gen- eral importance in the details of the con- ception and building of a raflroad will be proven to any one who reads Edward Harold Mott's “Story of Erie.” There is more than local interest in Erle, for it was projected over seventy years ago, when railroads were so little known that but three States boasted such means of transportation. There_is many an inci- dent in the record of Erie, startli and dramatic_enough to be of interest in fic- tion, and the book will appeal to all classes’ of readers, not merely as the his- tory of a railroad. but as a history of so- cial, financial and commercial struggle and progress. The work covers the his- tory of Erie from 1779 to 1890, and is, aside from its human interest, a very valuable statistical reference book. ‘“‘Between the Ocean and the Edward Harold Mott. (John T. 253 Broadway, New York.) Literary Notes. Elder & Bhexi‘l:‘erd of San Francisco an- nounce for mediate publication, in iR Collins, books should pre and inte to U for thus fz s L 1 orthern Californ i e e 2, r wrong?) when he Blackwood, in ) as She Ought to Be Wrote,” that apart article from the two essentials, correct reasoning, a_ hi style. “It is essential. entitled > most in fa cribing welling up from their inmost souls. To »amphlet form, “A First Glance at the i by Charles A. Keeler, being a al introduction to the study of Cali- rds. Later they will issue Mr. complete wor “Bird Notes in which this will be included. ‘popular the Andrew Lang is not far wrong (s s in an History accuracy and orian must have Style is the salt of literature, and history is literature.” . . * “Trooper 3509"“is the fitle of a striking new book by Lionel Decle which Charles Scribner’s Sons will publish immediately. A few words from the preface will in- dicate the urpose of the work. “The rocoflwrllon! I am now offering to the reader of the time I served in the ranks of the French army will show that Dreyfus. has been a victim, not so much of individuals as of a faulty system. iment, the colo- a private from will be seen how, In a re nel forms his opinior o It the character given to him by his corporal or sergeant, and how the mere fact of ap- pealing against a ered as an act of unishment is consid- nsubordination. It is always the same principle—le respect de la_chose jugee (the upholding of a judg- ment, without considering upon what grounds or evidence it has been deliv- ered). “‘I 'wish it to be clearly understood that this little book has_not been written for the purpose of attacking the Frenlcth ia.n]ny s In- tended merely as a faithful account of the hardships I endured when I served my time in the ranks, hardships which every Frenchma:l hes st.m to bear.” The thirteenth volume of the “Outward a8 represented by its officers. Bound” edition of Kl?llng from the press of Charles is just ready cribner’s So: This Includes the first part of ‘‘The Da, s is Work,” and a story “The Son of Tather,” which is not published elsewhere fn Ameérich. . "Everybod{'s Magazine” made its first appearance ugust 22. It is a new 10-cent illustrated periodical, published with a desire to furnish interest and amusement to readers who do not care to read pon- derous essay or acrid argument. The edi- tors mean to endeavor to zine high In the list of ut the maga- ublications that have no other motive than to satisfac- torfly fill a leisure hour. CheCaa 8till another edition of “Richard Car- vel” is announced. It is now running through its eightieth thousand and the new edition will be off the press next week. It {s now bein, rate of about 2000 cgpf called for at the es each. day. ‘“The Cholr Invisible’’ has been drama- tized by Miss Frances Hastings. Her work has received the -rpro\:dlo( James Lane Allen, and the duced in October by Dramatic Company in New ay. be pro- ?he Henry Jewett York, On the Jrip Across HABAROVK, Siberia.—Khabarovk sits on rolling and thickly wooded hills on the south side of the Amur River at a point where the course of the stream is northeasterly. The river bank is a bold bluff 75 to 200 feet high and here commands vast views of the Amur, the green, brushy lowlands to the north, east and west, the intersect- ing Osuri River and the distant moun- tains. It is a garrison town of large area, staring brick buildings, one, two and three stories high and neat and even pretty one- story log houses running to bright-blue trimmings. Every house, however humble, has 1ts thriving window-garden of be- gonias, fuchsias, geraniums, abutllons and palms. Out of doors the hedge roses were blooming and the hills were bright with wild flowers. The streets followed the natural grades of the hills, as in Vladivostok, are from 100 to 120 feet wide and from many points of view, where the broad thoroughfares and tree-shaded houses and shining water can be seen at a glance, the city is fair to look upon. At Viadivostok we were told there were no hotels at Khabarovk. There are none. There are two public houses called hotels and to one of these, a two-story log, the London, we accompanied our pleasant Russlan traveling companions. There were fifteen rooms in the London. Mr. Martzinkavich took two for his family, ‘we took one and the landlord took us all in. To get any room was luck. Every day people were turned away with their loads of boxes and bundles. What became of them {s an unsolved mystery. The dis- appointed men frowned and said things no family newspaper would print—and the women, ever patient and passive, calmly accepted the situation. We who were housed consoled ourselves with our ‘window views of the disappointment. We had no other consolation. Our accommo- dations were vile. At two rubles a day wst&n“nd the use of a room 6x12 feet con- taining a looking-glass 3x5 inches nailed on tha wall, too low for standing use, a $mall metal picher and basin, the former never filled except by special request, a single iron bedstead, the worn-out springs of which had been replaced with boards, three shaky chairs and a common wooden table. The bed had a single straw mattress and one dingy red blanket and the floor and table were covered with dirty and dilapidated oilcloth. The room was papered in bright blue and the single sash curtain was of dingy cotton. Tacked along the wall beside the bed, probably for ornament, was the remnant of an old Zelt plano cover. It really afforded a re- treat for insects too closely pursued by rebellious guests. Above the table on a piece of fly-specked cardhoard were scrawled the following rules: Price of room one day. Extra bed. Tea. 10r one. Tea for two. Dinner (three dishes) Dinner (two dishes)...Seventy-five kopeks Every person taking a room must pay for twenty-four hours, no matter how short his stay. The person who stays thirty-six hours ;wemy-!ou.r must pay for an extra half ay. The person who stays thirty-six hours must pay for forty-eight hours. In the late afternoon we strolled to the bank of the Amur, and seeing it flowing swift and strong, a full mile wide, could easily accept its length as 2700 miles. The water front is an incomplete piled bund two miles long, at which are moored nar- row, roofed stages, with high arched en- trances that serve as wharves, and to which steamers and barges tia. There is an immense amount of traffic on the river and its tributaries, and in the open sea- son over 100 steamers of the side-wheel and stern-wheel styles, some screw tugs and launches and many big barges are in active service. The floating piers, steam- ers, barges, junks, boats, canoes and rafts, the teams, carriage and cask water carts, the peasants in bright, crude colors, the Chinese in blue, the Koreans in white, the soldlers and civil-service men in uni- forms bright in stripes and facings of different colors, gold and sflver, and the silent, eddying, foam-bearing river are features of a Khabarovk scene on any summer day. Two blocks from such a scene we heard clanking chains, and around the corner came forty prisoners in a cordon of soldiers. They were just from Russia and on their way to the island of Saghallen. This was our first sight of Si- berfan convicts. Six of them wore leg shackles, and the others were ironless. They walked at a brisk pace of their own setting, looked strong and healthy, and even the shackled men did not seem leg- weary. A glant in shackles, standing six feet four inches, and on the sunny side of 80, towered far above his fellows and the guard, and as the party passed from our gaze the last rays of the setting sun made a beacon of his blond head. A dozen brick bulldings, one a school for girls, 100x250 feet, another a store about the same size, were being built by Chinese workmen, with hours of from 4 . m. to § .Two rubles -Fifty cents .Twenty-five kopeks Jiberia. D. m., and whose pay s 30, 40 and 50 cents a day. In a sense the Chinese are butld- ing up Eastern Siberia, and the Chiness are the small traders. They undersell their rivals, and on the main street have booths with fruit, candy, tobacco, clgar- ettes, hard-boiled eggs and soft drinks. They also have general stores. The Khab- arovk stores have no show-windows. Dal- icatessen shops are numerous and invit- ing, and bakeries thrive. The Russians are hearty eaters and use a great quantity of bread. A characteristic street sight of Khabarovk at any hour of the day is a man carrying a big round loaf. Our letter from Count Cassini, Russian Embassador at Washington, to Major General Grodekoff, Governor of Eastern Siberia, secured us a Russian welcoms, and to that courteous officer we are in- debted for many kindnesses. Under the personal escort of Captain Somoylow of his staff we traversed the city and gath- ered guiding facts. The pride of Kha- barovk is the park that stretches along the river bluff and offers a beautiful view every few feet of path and road. Hers three times a week, from 6 to 9 p. m., the military band, composed of the sons of soldiers, plays Russian and operatic airs, Imagine our delight as we approached the park the evening of our arrival at hear- ing our own Sousa’s “Washington Post" cutting the soft air. We smiled as we saw the Russlan promenaders unconsciously r:n into step as we all do at home. A short distance from the s, house of the Governor, over which fants the royal standard of Black and gold, and at whose door, day and night, stand two sentries, 13 the triumphal arch erected in 1891 in honor of the visiting Czarewitch At one end of the park is a brick museum, filled with costumes, armor, implements of war and peace, and other th 3 - slan and Chinese. R R The great attraction for us was the bronze statue of General Graf Mooravieft, standing on the point of a lo ) A romon- tory overlooking the river which he prac- tically opened to Russian trade. Nature and art have contributed to the impres- sive prominence of the figure, and as its fine outlines are silhouetted against tha sky your admiration extends from the statue to the idea that placed it in such a noble position. A fence of heavy double chains, posted. with cannon, incloses a mound twelve feet high, which is reached by broad granite steps.” On the mound is a granite shaft forty feet high, on which stands the statue. The figure’is twenty feet tall and shows the general in his prime. The pose is easy, graceful and strong and the face handsome, intellect- ual and resolute. The arms are folded, in the right hand a field glass and in the 1::; a scroll. From the sword belt hangs TOES. ILLIAM MITCHELL BUNKER.