The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, August 27, 1899, Page 29

THE SUNDAY, CALL. 29 The ikado’ s (opsul ip 8an Frapeiseo Shows Probable son of Affa i leads one 1 , with any 4 the country, yo y the inconv s then preva tlon is not rec of the West have taught s, ne: all of them ap- to the conver- forces. This but it a few year bus us certain ide pertaining in some was glon to use of material knowledge is highly desirable. does not of itself constitute clvillzation. Your conditions here have been such that the human mind has turned to the evolution of thought in certain chan- nels. ‘Neoessity,’ your proverb says, Benefits. competent ar nt to s capac that the courts in our 1 ju ented b, een or € nteen fore operating under div E to which the Japanese must have recourse in their dealings with foreigners have been constant- ly a so n to us. It op- erated ur any ways; it tended to keep two peoples apart, for you must understand that the Japanese had no higher regard for the Consular courts than the Westerner had for the Japanese courts. Accordingly, there was less disposition to join with the Westerners upon those planes from which appeals to courts might hgve to in- be made. This impaired friendly TO CAPTURE MARINE 7 exploration of a marine wonder- land &lmost unknown to sclence will engage this summer the attention of the United States Fish Commission. It 1s a reglon full of strange fishes nd other forms of life quite unfa- of which only a few stray spec! been captured, exam- ed. Much new informa ost value is likely to be ob- contemplated expedition, e led by Dr. Bumpus, director gical station at Woods Holl, of the Fish Commis- glcal station to study history of sea animals, 1 thirty to fifty sci- ot learning all emble there to engage in various Investigat Of these quite a number the expedition, which_will steamer fitted for ed, and pro- atus for the f all sorts. he purpo: w will be udy the known fauna along the edge of the inental shelf make this 1d be ex- d that the easte our con- surt line of of th sixty N. J, ent i not marked L the ocean. If all tk -d up you coul descending more than 6 t distance out you would come to the edge of the great land mass called orth America. Then you would find be- y steep hill, sloping rap- ke the side of a mountain range to floor of the ocean, two and a half miles below. Along the upper part of this nental declivity,” ‘‘conti- as it 15 termed, runs WONDERS northward a stream of warm water, on the shoreward s of the Gulf Stream, it im trop! er g0 out of the warm stream: indeed, they cannot do so frozen to ng on either side. The “river” they inhabit is sand- wiched in between a chilly current from Labrador on the we d the frigid depths beneath the Gulf Stream on the east. The beit of the slope thus described is the “‘wonderland” referred to, The waters that warm it are the home of myriadls of brilliant-hued fishes such as inhabit the " southern seas, while the bottom swarms with gaudy rabs, some of them of gigantic size, queer species of the sea urchin family, formidable-looking sea- spiders, with immensely long legs, and marine worms that equal in gorgeousness the most brightly tinted owers. All along the Atlantic coast of North America runs this ribbon-like extension of the trupics, narrowing gradually until, as 1s belleved, it disappears entirely some distance south of Nova Scotla. Trawls—i. e., set-lines a mile or more in length, buoyed and previded with haited hooks at intervals, will be used to catch the fishes, and dredges wA%l be oem- ployed to capture the star fishes and other bottom animals. The fishes are all flercely carnivorous, and marny resemble ecis in shape. while some of the crabs are big and strong enough to crush and break open the lillell! of large bivalve mollusks, on which they feed, with the grip of a claw, When the water is calm enough gauze nets will be towed to gather in the smaller creatures that live at the sur- face of the warm belt of water, which are as pecullar in thefr way as those that dwell on the bottom. A quart measure of “‘tow-stuff” thus collected will contain v o THE JARPANESE N CONSULATE ON DINE ST . oo ercourse and prevented trade. . ‘onsul, where turally charge Japa authc be X cars ample evidence favoritism, fc ities t quiring dir , the W ited in their choice of re: and to par of these so-called y moved elsewhere they were oblig- ed to proce nder an elaborate s tem of passports and be polic onage. There was a time, too, when they could not go into the in- terfor at all; when their operations were c solely to the treaty ports; but now all this is changed. Under the s were Hm- ence to the cular HIROK (it MOUTS Yoo 070 BY UCHIYAMA provisions of the new treaty the Con- sular courts are all abolished, and r be had In the settlement s to the regular Japanese feature s most fmportant for San nciscans. Japan's trade is unexploited by the United States. There are only 1140 Americans in J pan among the entire 40,000,000 of the Japanese. Of these about 600 are women—members of the familles of the male iden Now subtract from these the American Consuls and their staffs, together with the other Ameri- cans who de in the country as of- ficers or missionaries, and you have the merchant element numbering only a few hundred. These, of course, have been confined to the five treaty ports. all Now open that of the empire are ay find abodes in uch as Americans, however, who av up their residence in Japan, have accomplished marvels for the J A r country vith us. said that all the bulk of noving from the United States n were set in motion thr gh nce, but they have unu- “t- the greater part. The ag- these imports into Japan d States during 1898 was about 40,000, en; in 1892, just four vears prior, it was less than 6,000,000 n—a yen being about 50 cents in your coinage. Youv -an see, therefore, that we buy from you now nearly sev- Unit PULLING A DEEP-SEA “TANGLE " ABOARD THE| Fisn Havnc Tre Fisn Mawk ount Firokichi Mutsu Discusses New Jreaty With Japan Copsiders Deuglopments of Great Importance to (GAF%Z> @ S YoxoTa en times as much as we did only four years ago. “The imports into the United States from Japan, while greater in value than your exports to us, do not show the same relative i ase. In 18 these were about 38,500,000 yen; in 1898 they were about 47,250,000 yen an increase in purchases f the four years of about 10,000,00 while the increase in purch you had been about 34,000,000 yen. “In this bulk which San Fran conspicuous, In 1 ancisco sent to ail the to amount of z went to Japa impoerts into countries San Franc of which went to Japan, showing an i in the f cars of about $2, The imp ther hand, t ff nearly 000, for out c impor through the Go! ,124, but $8,185,072 in. It should that owing to the droug! “You can see that notwithstanding 3 less from us, we are bu you than heretofore. 3 some of your people wh alarm at this newly develope ity of Japan to bu therefore, mand higher tariffs against ou and declare that Americ: nger of being unde g old i a their rkets by products of Japanese would, facture. Such ple , prefer to have old J. new Japan as their nel would prefer the sold you pract bought practically as they n are and are If this reasoning we: have m to fear f of tiie greatest productive capacity, one would naturally expect that that part of your continent which I near- est to the countries of the greatest pro- ductive powers would be shriveled up under the flerce glare of their light. But this is not the case. The richest and most industrial part of the United Btates lies closest to the great indus- trial centers of Europe; and it is ob- served that as the countries of Europe with whom you trade increase in pro- ductive and consumptive power, that part of your country fronting them In- creases in the same ratio. In 1839 you exported to Fngland $32,000,000 worth of manufactured goods; in 1898 you SCOUNT MOTSU AN HID SECRE TARIEDS . AMANQ D,-,:¢ AND sent to the same country $74,000,000 of such goods, notwithstanding En had been increasing enormously ing the de manufactur countr in manufac- turing powe ¥ In 1 ing her enormous growth in abili manufacture and ship abroad, in your r were $32, The same s d be told of France and of Belgium. In fact all that a na- tion has to buy with is its goods, and = more of th »duce the greater is its I Sity. ‘““Another feat new treaty,” ed the C that trade- , designs and patents are pro- Heretofore any Jap- your trad ot do so now. Th considerable business riving at the expense , but it will be a ~ood ventures. with the Philippines tected in Japan marks; they will clean out that has been of standard na is not now ting th you in Calif: too, rupled In hilippines w they were 3,204, ts to the Philippine yen, while in 1898 ,871 yen, so part of ny times e! 1 have ot a doubt that under the increased h must come of ities made possi w treaty, that we s vy more from the Philippines than h fore, and our ports from San Fran o will increase even at a more rapid ratio than in the past.” Remarking upon the Japanese in California, Count Mutsu stated t there are about 5000 of them, chiefl young men who have come to this State to get an education, wo: 18 out while they are so do- re energetic and in- o not save their money a e Chinese. They spend it as fast as they get it, buying knick- knacks, trinkets, books and such. They have aided the development of California industries to a great extent, but they have not appeared at an time as a menace to the labor condi tions of the State, nor are they likely to do . The & pment of the in- dustries of Japan, which are now going on at such a rapid rate, will soon make a demand for labor in that country ac- companied by a scale of remuneration 80 high that any wages which can be offered them in the United States will hardly induce them to emigrate to this country. JOHN E. BENNETT. AND RESTORE THE hundreds of thousands of minute ecrus- taceans, myriads of tiny mollusks called ‘glernpods,’ and immense numbers of ‘foraminifera,” or window-bearers—these last mere bits of felly inclosed in limy ghells of elaborate and infinitely varied perhaps the most interesting of all pelagic, or surface, animals of the strip. are those which drift northwa vith the gulf weed from the tropics—transparent shrimps, transparent worms and trans- arent cuttlefishes that make their homes n the weed, which is upheld by bulbs filled with air. The Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk will first have to find the tropical belt, which is no easy matter owing to its narrowness, and then to follow it along. This will be accomplished with the help of a special apparatus consist- ing of a sounding line of wire with a heavy sinker on the end. to which is at- tached a thermometer. Tne sounding line is run off a huge reel, and the thermome- ter is fixed in such a way as to turn upside down and stop registering the in- stant that the sinker touches .the bot- tom. In this way the temperature of the water at the bottom is ascertained, and when it touches about degrees Fa- renheit, with a depth of 500 to 700 feet recorded by an indicator on the reel, it may be taken for granted that the strip has been struck. An important part of the exp work will bé to map out the Ii the furcssm range bf the tile fish—the dweller of the strip that causes sensation a few years ago. It was in 1878 that the fishing schooner Hutchings, try- ing with trawls for hake in sands of pounds of a fish unknown. The fish th gleaming me 8| id an odd V. that D on the top of its dolphin- like head. The specim taken weighed . from five to fifty pounds, and a trial of TILE FISH them proved that they were extremely £00d to eat. The Fish Commission experts declared the fish a new species and an investigation was proposed; but before it could be car- ried out a dreadful catastrophe occurred. In March and April, 1882, vessels arriving at Boston, New York and Philadelphia reported that they had passed through hundreds of miles of dead and dying fishes of an unfamiliar kind floating on the sur- face of the sea. These, as it proved, wers tile fish, and the evidence gathered on the subject showed that at least 7500 square miles of ocean were strewn thickly with scaly victims numbering at least one thousand millions—enough to feed the en- tire population of the United States for two months. Thus passed the tile fish, the whole species being apparently wiped out bg a mysterious and wholesale calamity. ut subsequent _investigation has made it pretty clear that the catastrophe was causéd by an intrusion of frigid water upon the tropical strip. Running south- ward on the shoreward side of it, as al- y e . Is an Arctic current from Labrador, which during this fateful sea- B carried much more cold water than ordinarily, possibly because of the pres- ence of unusual quantities of floating ice in the The cold stream pushed away the warm stream from the continental slope and froze the tile fishes to death. I feared that the tile fish had been d inct, but ten vears later, in h Commission steamer Gram- pus t eight specimens In_the belt, and there was great rejoicing. Since then the species has multiplied fast along the strip, and Dr. Bumpus is confident that lgrge numbers will be taken by his expe- ition. The tile is a rapid breeder and has few enemies to fear, being large and flerce. It bites greedily at any kind of balt, and there is every prospect that be- fore long it will become a valuable com- mercial food fish.