The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 10, 1898, Page 8

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1898. ....DECEMBER 10, 1898 JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. Address All Communications to W. S. LEAKE, Manager. PUBLICATION OFFICE .Market and Third Sts., S. F. Telephone Main 1368. EDITORIAL ROOMS. 217 to 221 Stevenson Street Telephone Main 1874, THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL (DAILY AND SUNDAY) Is served by carrlers In this city and surrounding towns for 15 cents @ week. By mall $6 per year; per month 65 cents. THE WEEKLY CALL............. One year, by mall, $1.50 OAKLAND OFFICE................... ©evere....908 Broadway NEW YORK OFFICE......... Room 188, World Bullding DAVID ALLEN, Advertising Represcntative. WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE............... Riggs Houeo C. C. CARLTON, Correspondent. CHICAGO OFFICE...... ..Marquette Building C.GEORGE KROGNESS, Advertising Ropresentative. BRANCH OFFICES—527 Montgomery street, corner Clay, open until 9:30 o'clock. 387 Hayes street, open until 9:30 o'clock. 621 McAllister street, open until 9:30 | o'clock. 615 Larkin street, open until 9:30 o'clock. 1941 Mission street, open untll 10 o'clock. 2991 Market street, corner Sixteenth, open until 9 o'clock. 2518 Mission street, open untll 9 o'clock. 106 Eleventh street, open until 9 o'clock. 1505 Polk street, open ; untll 9:30 o'clock. NW. corner Twenty-second ana | Kentucky streets, oper: until 9 o'clock. ————— AMU Boy Wanted Just for Fun.” ayest Manhattan.” e Private Secretary.” de Bergerac.” California = Olson.” a man, vaudeville and the zoo. n and Eddy streets, specialties. AUCTION SALES, 11 o'clock, Art ember 14, at 10:30 o'clock, | 1th and Valencia streets. day, at THE SCHOOL BOARD BOODLERS. IKE unto the little cherub which, according to Mr. Dibdin, sits up aloft and looks out for the life <, some kind influence always seems ern itself for the welfare of educational bood- 1 At present justice is making a futile attempt to overtake the ring in the Board oi Education. This ring has been accused of bribery and corruption in all yet, try as she will, justice is unable to bring any member of it to the bar. O rsday the Grand Jury reported to Judge Belcher that it had utterly failed to get the Lincoln School lot lease transaction before it, owing to ob- struction in the office of the District Attorney. S. C. 2, chairman of the jury committee which is after ler and the other boodlers, said an attorney was the District Attorney in Grand Jury matters, that official being greatly overworked attend- ing to his military duties. It was his opinion that no indictments would ever be found against the School Department boodlers until it jwas made some attor- rey s business to prosecute thetn before the jury. Ac- cordingly Judge Belcher authorized him to employ special counsel. We shall continue to watch the proceedings of the jury with interest, but not with any expectation that the pull of the boodlers will be overcome. We are satisfied that nothing will ever be done to these wretches until the people take affairs in hand and mete out to them the rudest kind of justice. The fact that they have accepted bribes to steal the public money and betray its interests is notorious. There is a deficit in the school fund of a quarter of a million dollars, which represents only a portion of their stealings. Yet there is no one to prosecute them, and the Grand Jury is compelied to employ special counsel to advise it how to find an indictment. to conc its If our people were not the most patient on earth they would tar and feather Waller and his boodling colleagues, and ride them out of town on a rail. Rot- ten eggs and dead cats, with which they might be pelted, would be entirely inadequate to express the indignation which the people ought to feel. Yet there is no indignation save that expressed by the fleeced school teachers. A cherub must be looking after the welfare of these boodlers. On no other theory can their immunity from tar, feathers, ropes and the other things which they deserve be accounted for. , It ap- pears that our only chance of reaching them is to dis- lodge the cherub. LEES DEFEATS WALLACE. ESTERDAY Judge Wallace sentenced Karl Y Becker to seven years in the penitentiary. The prisoner is the same man whom Wallace had once sentenced for life. He had been guilty then, and had done nothing since to mitigate the degree of his guilt. This concession on the part of the Superior Judge will cause surprise, and on the part of those who have entertained confidence in the jurist to the surprise will be added pain. The court once convicted Becker. The shrewdness of his lawyers procured for him a second trial, and the supposed crookedness of the jury, although that body may have been merely stupid, resulted in a dis- agreement. The third trial came to naught, because Lees took it out of the hands of the court, decided as to the style of sentence and ask:d Judge Wallace to confirm the findings of the police. This Wallace did. His court thus became an adjunct of the police, to be directed and controlled by Lees. It is interesting to speculate as to how far this mod- ern method may be carried. No reason appears why, if Lees is competent to try a Becker and arrange a certain agreeable term for him, he should not be able to do it in behalf of any other criminal. Of course this would relieve the courts of much work, but it would also tend to make them ornamental and almost superfluous. E A Maine soldier while in Georgia and a state of intoxication made bold to hug a lady. For this he has been fined $500. No report has been received from him as to whether he regards the Southern price for a hug excessive. Discovery has been made that an Italian recently killed here was a member of the dreaded Mafia. Probably he was also the man who struck Billy Pat- terson, and upon this point the reportorial instinct is naow centered. PRELTRS AL Several men are endeavoring on a New York bi- cycle track to demonstrate which has the most en- durance. In the matter of extreme foolishness they are apparently equal. Mrs. Maybrick's one chance of escaping from prison life seems to be to die. BENEVOLENT DESPOTISM. | acquisition of tropical possessions, The Call has | warned the country of the overshadowing impor- | tance of the labor question. White labor cannot exist in the torrid zone. What labor is done there must be by the tropical races. A further fact is made plain by history and by cur- rent events. The tropical races will not work, unless forced to do so. Nature presents no resistance that must be overcome in order that man may live under a vertical sun. She supplies all his necessities and min- isters to his physical wants with a lavish hand. Every country that has owned land and exercised sover- eignty in the tropics has secured a surplus for com- mercial export by some form of forced labor. Spain fell into inattention to the best use and devel- opment of her peninsular territory, because it was easier by forced labor to wring revenues and compel commerce out of her East and West Indian tropical islands. After centuries of this policy her tropical people rose in revolt against being forced to toil under natural conditions that made labor unnecessary for their own existence. As a result of this revolt she has lost her possessions in the torrid zone, and will be driven now to exploit her home resources, and no doubt will bg regenerated, commercially and morally, by the compulsory change. But we are stepping into her shoes, and as we do it our commercial classes are inflaming the popular fancy by alluring pictures of tropical commerce to come. Nearly four centuries ago, when the Pope divided the commerce of the newly discovered regions be- tween Spain and Portugal, on the meridian of no variation of the magnetic needle, which was discov- ered by Vasco da Gama in his circumnavigation of Africa, those two countries entertained precisely the same exalted anticipations which are to-day rife throughout the United States. Immediately upon entering upon their torrid possessions they encoun- tered physical conditions, which have not changed, that required involuntary labor to produce the com- merce they had anticipated. During the scores of years gone by since then the only surplus producing labor in the tropics has been compelied by the lash, or by penal contract, or some form of force. The Dutch are at it to-day in Java. England was driven by Wilberforce to abandon it in her West Indian islands, when she abolished slavery, and immediately their surplus production declined. The same story applies to Hayti and San Domingo, when France and Spain, respectively, were compelled to let go, and involuntary labor ceased within their borders. Recently, Professor Kidd and Mr. Ireland have made a personal survey of the tropics, and unite in the conclusion that their commerce depends on some form of involuntary servitude. Kidd falls back on the ancient doctrine that might makes right. As the temperate zone races cannot labor in the tropics, and as the tropical races will not labor voluntarily, he concludes that, tropical com- merce being desirable to the nations of the temperate zone, they have the right to exercise over labor in the tropics “a benevolent despotism,” as the Dutch do in Java. This means the reducing of tropical labor to a condition of involuntary servitude. Every physical and commercial fact involved in the situation demonstrates that, as we drive Spain out and enter upon her possessions for the same purpose that she had in acquiring them in the fifteenth century, we must go, as she did then, with the lash for the back of. labor in one hand and the demands of commercial avarice in the other, if we expect a commerce that will return to us the cost of conquest and of govern- ment. . The thirteenth amendment to the constitution of the EVER since the opening of the discussion of the servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” The benevolent despotism, by which it is conceded we must force tropical labor to produce a surplus for commerce, will directly violate the constitution. There is no reasonable legal doubt that the penal contracts under which labor is forced in Hawaii to produce a surplus are obnoxious to the thirteenth amendment. Nor is there much room for doubt that if that labor contract system cease under the juris- diction of the United States, the commerce of Hawaii will decline as the involuntary servitude of labor ceases. The most profitable tropical possession of Great Britain in this hemisphere is British Guiana, with an area of over 100,000 square miles and less than 300,000 inhabitants, and a total trade of over $20,000,000, or nearly as much as the commerce of the Philippines. But forced labor produces this commerce in Guiana. It is performed by East Indian coolies, who com- prise nearly one-half of the population. Their labor is distinctly servile, but without it the colony, which has about the same population as Jamaica, would be equally worthless, commercially, to Great Britain., It is well for our commercial bodies and the agen- cies which urge expansion in the tropics to consider these insurmountable physical conditions, and for Americans to know now that despotism exercised over labor is never benevolent, but produces that in- voluntary servitude which ceased under our jurisdic- tion with the abolition of slavery, and is forbidden by the constitution itself. OUR DISPLAY AT PARIS. S the time draws near for the Legislature to fl meet, the various interests in the State con- cerned in the display to be made at Paris in 1900 are bestirring themselves. There are some who wish appropriations for sectional displays. There afe others who will ask appropriations for special indus- tries. In the latter class is the California State Miners’ Association, the executive committee of which has adopted a resolution that the Legislature be asked to set apart one-third of the appropriation made for the State exhibit for the benefit of the mining industry and a display of the mineral resources of the com- monwealth. These demands for special sections and industries are gratifying evidences of the growing public interest ir the exposition. No objection would be urged against them if there were to be room enough at Paris for separate displays, or if the State could afford money enough to provide for each of its industries a particular appropriation. That, however, is not the situation that confronts us. . In his message to Congress President McKinley announced that “notwithstanding the comparatively limited area of the exposition site, less than one-half that of the World’s Fair at Chicago, the space as- signed to the United States has been increased from the absolute allotment of 157,403 square feet to some 202,000 square feet, with a corresponding augmenta- tion of the field for a truly characteristic representa- tion of the various important branches of the coun- try’s development.” He then recommends the appro- priation of $1,000,000, so that the exhibit may be made United States says: “Neither slavery nor involuntary | of the highest character and in the most artistic way. An area of 202,000 square feet is a large space— larger than has been allotted to any other foreign power—but when an attempt is made to congregate within it a display of all the resources and industries of the widely diverse States of the American Union, it will be crowded, and to make an effective display of the whole will tax the executive faculties of the offi- cials to their utmost. What will be the share allotted to California’ of the total area it is impossible to say, but it is safe to assert it will not be large enough to admit of much further subdivision without making everything look diminu- tive and petty. Grand groupings and large, bold effects will be needed to impress the minds of the surging crowds of sightseers at the great show. The best we can do is to make a State display as a whole, and to that end we should all work together. In this issue we should be all Californians and all of us noth- ing but Californians, % B e, WELLS-FARGO’S FRAUD. HERE is some difficulty in discussing with pa- Tu’ence the contention of the Wells-Fargo people that they will not pay a share of the war tax. Irritation is created by the fact that the claim of the corporation is palpably, knowingly and impudently fraudulent. There is in the statute no shadow of sup- port for it, and this the directorate knows. To every lawyer the same knowledge of the subject is common, and the intelligent laymen can read and be certain. Sometimes a provision of law may be ambiguous and shadowy, so that two persons of equal intelligence might differ as to the construction intended. In this instance there is nothing of the sort. In language as plain and direct as words can make it, with no equivocation, nor doubt, nor suggestion of a middle course, Congress decreed that the express companies should pay a tax on packages carried by them. A refusal to do so is illegal, unpatriotic and impertinent, and quotations of Scripture to set forth a justification while engaged in an open attempt to cheat the Gov- ernment and despoil patrons are futile. The Wells-Fargo people care nothing about the jus- tice of the matter. Their object is to cheat the commu- nity upon which they thrive and to cheat the Govern- ment which gives them protection. Their chief hope is in delay, and this, through every technicality an attorney can exercise, they are securing. After a while the war tax will be repealed. Still later there will be handed down a decision from the court of last resort. Of course it will be adverse to the absurd and disloyal claim of the company, and of course the com- pany knows it now as well as it will then. But then it will not care, and now the fatness of dividends would be affected. We confess to have almost given up hope of bring- ing this swollen corporation to justice, but if we can make one canting official ashamed of his dishonesty, or induce a single patron to utilize the mails for the transmission of parcels, we shall feel that the effort devoted to the subject will not have been altogether wasted. WINE SERVED IN PITCHERS. MONG the recent decisions issued regarding /L\ the meaning and operation of the war revenue law is one to the effect that “jugs, pitchers, etc., used in serving wine in restaurants and elsewhere for the purpose of evading the war tax stamps will be considered as bottles and must be stamped as such. But a saloon-keeper selling wine by the glass is allowed to draw it from the cask into bottles for that purpose without stamping the bottle.” The decision has all the appearance of a down East production, and seems to have been designed to take the tax off the Eastern saloon-keeper and impose it heavily on the California restaurant. It is not easy to see why if 2 man who sells wine and throws in a free lunch is to be exempt from the tax, another man who sells lunch or dinner and furnishes wine with it should have to pay the tax. In the East comparatively few people use table wine. None of the ordinary restaurants in that section serve wine with lunch or dinner.” When wine is desired it is ordered specifically and is charged for as an extra in the bill. Consequently a rule requiring the pay- ment of the war tax upon wine served at meals would affect the Eastern people very slightly, but upon the people of California it would be quite a heavy burden. It is probable that under such a rule this State would have to pay nearly as much as all the rest of the Union put together. It is not likely the courts will uphold the rule as issued. A pitcher, or a glass, is not a bottle in a res- taurant any more than either the one or the other is a bottle in a saloon. This is so clear it is hardly prob- able the internal revenue officers here will attempt to enforce the rule. The people of the United States, with the exception of the express, telegraph and telephone companies, have borne the war taxes willingly and paid them cheerfully as a patriotic duty. If these taxes are to be continued, however, now that the war is over, for the purpose of maintaining a jingo policy in the Philip- pines, they must be construed in accordance with equity and justice, so as to render them as little irrri- tating to the people as possible. Such rulings as the one quoted will soon lead to a popular demand for revision or repeal of the whole law. . There is a general belief that the proper place for several members of the Board of Education is in the penitentiary, and a hope that this belief may filter into the apartments of the Grand Jury. If some of the prevalent dog-poisoners happen to get an accidental dose of their own medicine, the hand of a just and benign Providenge will be dis- cerned in the episode. Under the circumstances there is nothing surprising in the fact that Zola cannot get into the French Academy. The thing to marvel at is that he should care to try. This country will be glad to see a gold medal be- stowed on Helen Gould. For a happy combination of kind heart and limitless resource she is without an equal. AR R Why should Sharkey ard Mitchell meet? They could do no more than demonstrate that they are a pair of disgusting fakers, and the world already knows this. ARG School Director Waller explains that the present board has labored under great difficulties. It has, It has had the presence of Waller, If New York is to be made the shipping point for Manila justice demands that San Francisco be made the shipping point for Cuba. 'Widber is now in contempt of court, but the fact can’t well hurt him, since it is impossible for a man to be in two jails at once. Spain is said to be very angry about the Maine. Thilisclurlynin&inmtnmAn;uiunpm- % 8 s e f=3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-F-3-3-:-3-3-3-F-3-3-3-3-3=3-3-3-3=3 =3 - 3= -1 They Are Farmer. proceeded.—San Jose Argus. than he does of being «cresident. his election. of the Southern Pacific. ator. notes. apoplexy. He became limp. BURNS HAS BACKERS. Purchasable Republican and Democratic Newspapers and the Corporations—Mr. Her- rin and His Gall. EDITS THE .EXAMINER-BULLE‘!IN. Colonel Daniel M. Burns appears to be managing editor of the Examiner-Bulletin newspaper combination.—Santa Rosa Republican. BURNS ‘A MAN WITHOUT HONOR. Colonel Dan Burns may have Mexican silver to burn, but Cali- fornians would rather see him and it burn than promoted to a seat in the United States Senate; a man with whom politics is a fad and who never had the honor to make good a deficit which occurred in his department while he was Secretary of State.—Sonoma County HERRIN IS LIKE HIS MASTER. The gall of W. F. Herrin in assuming that he or his master, Collis P. Huntington, would be permitted to select a United States Senator from California, is a fair sample of the gall exhibited by Uncle h'lmnelt in attempting to get away with $3,000,000 of the people’s money for his private harbor at Santa Monica.—Los Angeles Times. THINKS OTHERS ARE LIKE HIM‘SELF. Huntington has lowered his estimation of Herrin and there may be a change in the Southern Pacific law department. Men who get trapped like Herrin was are not greatly respected by Huntington. Herrin's audacity is the result of long.practice, however, and he has become imbued with the idea that everybody is corruptible emboldened by past successes, he failed to cover his /tracks as !i\ag OWNED BY CORPORATIONS. : 1 The candidacy of Dan Burns for the United States Senatorship is receiving more attention than it merits. morsel who stands no more chance of wearing the Senatorial toga of powerful corporations it would be impossible to find & majority of any Legislature that could be induced to support him. The State of California owes nothing to Dan Burns; the corporations may, but that is not a matter that concerns the people, and they are not going to pay the private debts of others. Senate a man like Burns, and so well known as he, would be a last- ing disgrace to California and a fatal act to the party responsible for It will never be done.—Visalia Delta. THE TRAPPER TRAPPED. “Colonel” Dan Burns, political boss and corruptionist, of the Jim Rea stripe, only more shrewd and more dangerous than Jim Rea, wants to be elected United States Senator, and is backed by Herrin Herrin was neatly trapped. Mike dé Young of the Chronicle that Mike should name the next Sen- He made the same proposition to John D. Spreckels of The Call, and these newspaper proprietors being suspiclous compared Herrin was invited to call on Spreckels at The Call building and was surprised to find De Young there also. repeat his propositions, and it caused him to stagger like a man with The great sphinx of Southern Pacific politics was undone completely and stammered something to the ef- fect that he expected them both to name Dan Burns. Spreckels are both fighting Burns, however, and Herrin and Burns are trying to recover their composure.—San Jose .argus. ‘WIRE PULLER, BOODLER AND TOOL. Dan M. Burns, called Colonel Burns because chief of California boodlers, is a full-fledged candidate for United States Senator. true that he avoids the soft impeachment by saying that his candi- dacy is only under advisement, but the Chronicle and Call say he is a candidate, and they ought to know. W. F. Herrin, legal and politi- cal adviser of the Southern Pacific Company, is Mr. Burns’ packer and has openly declared for him; at Sacramento next month. Burns has numerous qualifications, many of which, of late years, have been highly esteemed by State Legisla- tures. This is the list: He is a political boss, a wire puller, a boodler, a tool of the Espee, has a big sack, a brass cheek, is ignorant, is un- popular with the masses, is a favorite of push politicians and has no acquirement that would enable him to advance the interests of his State and would be inferior to every member of the Senate, except, perhaps, the junior Senator from Ohio.—San Bernardino Transcript. f=3=Fcg=R=ge3oFeReogeg gegedagaegeiagegogReegegeFoFogag T eTotoRote] EoieBegefefeeg gegetafedaagetatetofaRetofeR el eRetotola e iRegoRt-LrR -0 1" ¢ Dan is an unsavory political If he had the support of a score To send to the United States He propoged to Herrin was asked to De Young and Itis £0 a hot old time may be expected fefegegagegagagyedagngesog e ugugagogofatagoFugegegugegatetegagogegetagegetutugetadeeRaRetatetotatetote] AROUND THE CORRIDORS. R. F. Cole of San Jose is at the Lick. A. W. More of Tesla is at the Palace. James Davis of Denver is at the Russ. J. W. Farwell of Chicago is at the Pal- ace. ¥ Dr. C. A. Devlin of “Vallejo is at the Lick. Dr. T. E. Taggart of Bakersfleld is at the Grand. J. D. Carr, a capitalist of Salinas, is at the Occidental. Attorney Wiley J. Tinnin of Fresno is a guest at the Grand. Banker F. E. Wadsworth of Yreka is a guest at the Grand. J. E. Chopin, a merchant of Madera, is staying at the iuck. Politician John W. MitcKell of Los An- geles is at the Palace. Attorney W. H. Hutton of Modesto is registered at the Lick. M. Caressus is at the Occidental. a native of New York. H. M. Shreve, a merchant of Tulare, is registered at the Lick. R. H. Bacon and wife, of Chicago, are guests at the California. Mr. and Mrs. Gerlach, from Stockton, are staying at the Grand. O. W. Dunn and wife, of- Stanford, are registered at the California. R. Ross, a prominent railroad man from El Paso, is at the Occidental. C. V. Inderrenden and F. G. Baker, of Chicago, are at the California. R. H. Safely, a large cattle dealer from Calistoga, is staying at the Russ. A. W. Jones, a prominent man from Monterey, is a guest at the Palace. Mrs. James S. Hardin and Miss Hardin of Santa Rosa are at the California. ‘W, F. Patrick, a prominent mining op- He is erator of Denver, fs registered at the | Palace. Lester L. Morse of Santa Clara, wealthy seed man, is at the California. David Keith, W. A. Wilson and R. J. Pierce, of Salt Lake City, are at the Lick. William M. Sims, a prominent tmlt! grower of Sacramento, is a guest at the | Palace. Frank H. Buck, one of the largest or- chardists of Vacavllle, is a guest at the Palace. Raleigh Barcar, commissioner of the State Insane Asylum at Stockton, is reg- istered at the Lick. £ Senator-elect W, M. Cutter, representing Yuba, Sutter and Yolo counties, is regis- | tered at the Grand. Andrew Brown, a_wealthy citizen of Kernville, and L. E. Doan of Los An- geles are at the Palace. J. H. Adams and wife, of London, and Mr, and Mrs. P. A. Willlams of Chicago are staying at the Palace. ‘W. H. Ryer of Denver, representing the Crescent Steel Company of Pittsburg, Pa., is a guest at the Grand. W. F. Maggard, Senator-elect from the Fourth District, comprising Tehama and Butte counties, is at the Grand. M. J. Meyer and Theodore Mansfield of New York and E. J. Marx and A. Weiler of St. Louls, well known traveling men, are at the Palace. John Irwin Jr. and wife, U. S. N.; Mrs. C. G. Bowman, Mrs, W. W. Barry and Miss Gostwick and Miss Carney, all of Mare Island, are at the Occidental. —— CALIFORNIANS IN WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, Dec. 9.—J. D. Rogers of San Francisco is at the Riggs House. Th%mu Howell of Los Angeles is at Wil- lard’s. al ———— The fellah prefers the ancien e e o Ry R RS € ey am pump for lifting AR TR R RS R R R R R TR R DR DD S OIGGP < OGRS FOR'TIE SOLDIERS. A Railway -Company Generously Helps the Good Ladies of Sonoma - County, HEALDSBURG, Cal., Dec. 6, 1898, O the Editor of The Call—Sir: It gives me pleasure to be able to inform you that in a courteous note from R. X. Ryan, general passenger agent of the California Northwestern Railroad Com- pany, he informs me that his company will free, from Healdsburg to San Francisco, send to the soldiers. soldiers, will respond more readily. Th ++4++ P T R P T O P PO PUN As this privilege will not be limited to the people of Hi - burg alone, would it not be well to have it Iy K s out Sonoma County through the medium people, realizing how easily they can send their contributions to the 1 have now on hand more than one hundred books and maga- { zines, every one a good selection. I shall ursday, December 8. Yours sincerely, MRS, L. M. SRR R T T T T PP VOV OOUUUINN 44+ 44 4 kindly transport the books I desire to generally known through- of The Call? Then the send the first case on CE. D S L e S e R R | in 186, and ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. THE GERMAN ARM—H. M., Keswick, Cal. The rifle used in the German army is the Mauser. NICKELS—Mr. J. L., Oakland, Cal. ‘A five-cent nickel of 1867 with a large five on the reverse surrounded by thirteen stars does not command a premium d sells at prices varying at from 25 to 50 cents. No information can be given about the other one asked about on account of absence of date. LOS ANGELES ELECTION—R. A. 8., City. The Los Angeles County officials recently elected are: Sheriff, Hammel; Clerk, Bell; Auditor, Nichols; Recorder, Wade; Tax Collector, Gish; District At- torney, Rives; Assessor, Caldwell; urer, Jones; 'Superintendent of School: Shine; Public Administrator, Kellogg; Coroner, Holland, and Surveyor, Smith. TO PROTECT AN INVENTION—J. F. F., City, If you are the inventor of something that is valuable, but you have not the money to secure a patent and are afraid to trust your secret to one who could advance you the money upon condl- tion that you reveal your invention to him, you can protect your rights by se- curing a caveat, which will cost you the official fee of $10 and about $20 for an attorney to secure it for you. This will protect your rights in the invention until you obtain a patent. THE PRESIDENCY—Constant Reader, City. “Constant Reader” is evidently not a close reader of the department of An- swers to Correspondents else he would have noted that only a few weeks. ago it announced to another correspondent that a citizen of the United States who is qualified can be a candidate for the office of President of the United States, no mat- ter what his religion may be. The first amendment to the constitution says: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of a religion or prohib- iting the free exercise thereof.” LUCKY STARS—E. V. 8., 8idell, Napa County, Cal. According to astrology, those leading stars which are above the horizon at a person’s birth influence the life and fortune of that person. When those stars are in the ascendant, the in- dividual is strong, healthy and lucky; but when they are depressed below the hori- zon the individual's stars do not shine upon him or her, and he or she is in the shade and subject to ill fortune. There is a superstition to the effect that if @ wish is expressed during the passage of a shooting star in its transit from one point to another will come true. URSA MAJOR—J. C., City. An answer to the question, *Does the Ursa Major revolve around the polar star once in twenty-four hours?” has been kindly fur- nished by Miss Rose O'Halloran, the well- known local astronomer. *“Ursa Major seems to revolve around the pole of the heavens, which is within a degree and a half of the pole star, in 23 hours 56 min- utes and 4 seconds. This is the time re- quired for a rotation of the earth on its axis, which causes the seeming revolu- tion of the stars. This sidereal day is measured from the vernal equinox, but in the course of years varies slightly on account of the precession of the equinoxes and the proper motion of the stars. It is an average of four minutes shorter than the solar day, as the earth’s motion In its orbit has in the meantime secemed to cause the displacement of the sun about one degree onward. The earth must rotate this extra angle between two transits of the sun over any given terrestrial merid- ian. The exact difference bet n a sid- ereal day and a mean solar day is 3 min- utes 56.394 seconds. REPUBLICAN PARTY—C. H. 8., City. In the earlier days of §he United States the name of Republican was taken by the party formed by Jefferson in oppos the Federalists, who were stigmatized as monarchists. That party was then v as the Democratic-Republican and fin as the Democratic party. The great party now known as the Republican party, the most powerful one the Democra made up of the old Whi e Know Nothings, a few Democr: abolitionists as allies. The prop organize a new party bad its rise in a movement to prevent the exiension of slavery. It was about the time that the Nebraska bill was about to be passed that Major Alvan E. Bovay of Ripon, Wis., an- ticipated the passage of the bill after a canvass of neighbors and friends to se- cure, if possible, a concert of action among men of all parties in the promo- tion of a new party, based upon the non- extension of slavery. As early as 1553 Major Bovay talked such a party, and at that time proposed the name of Republi- can for it. On March 20, 1854, such a party was organized in Wisconsin, and while Major Bovay believed that it should and would probably be called Republican, tha name was not adopted in that State at that time. On July 13, 1854, a mass con- vention was held in Vermont and a party was organized there “in favor of resisting by all constitutional means the usurp: tions of the propagandists of slave and it was called Republican. On July 6, 1854, there was a State convention in Jack son, Mich., upon the call of more than 10,000 persons. The platform was prepared by Jacob M. Howard, afterward United States Senator. It opposed the extension of slavery, and the name Republican arty was adopted at the suggestion of orace Greeley, to whom it had been sug- gested by Major Bovay after the forma- tion of the party in Wisconsin. The first Republican National convention was held 8 John C. Fremont was the nominee for President. —_————— Peanut taffy, best in world. Townsend’s.® Strong horehoundcandy,15cIb. Townsend's® —_——— Townsend’s plum pudding best in world; 31bs §1. 627 Market st., Palace bldg. * s ok hor g Send your Eastern friends Townsend’s California glace fruits, 50c 1b,in fire-etched boxes or Japanese baskets. 627 Market st.® —_—— Our store will be open evenings until Christmas. Sanborn, Vail & Co., 741 Mar- ket street. . —_—— Special information supplied daily to business houses and public men by the Press Clipping Bureau (Allen's), 510 Mont- gomery street. Telephone Main 1042. * —_——— Mistress (about to engage a new house- maid)—Have you had any experience? A&?Ucmt—oh. yes, mum. . I've been in ‘undreds of sitiwations!—Punch. e No Christmas Table should be without a bot- tle of Dr. Siegert’s Angostura Bitters, the fin- est appetizer, imported from South America. B Vienna telephone girls are required to change their dresses and wear a uniform when on duty, as the dirt meY brought in from the streets affected the Instruments. Their costume is a dark skirt and waist, with sleeves of striped black and yellow. ————————————— ADVERTISEMENTS. OPEN EVENINGS. Beautiful HOLIDAY GOODS Pictures, Statuary, Vases, Ornaments, French and Dresden Cabinets, Onyx Pedestals and Tables, Lamps, Art Novelties, Fine Crockery and Glassware S. & G.GUMP - ° 118 Geary St.