The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, August 23, 1898, Page 10

FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, AUG HOW CALIFORNIA’S PINE FORESTS ARE BEING DEVASTATED The Lumber Industry Carried On Vigorously by Huge Cor- porations. In Fifty Years the Forests of This State Will Have Disappeared—Bush Fires Wreak Destructlon. “It will take from forty to fifty years to use up the forests of California; that is, if the production of lumber contin- ues at the present rate. And the de- | mand Is likely to increase rather than | to decrea Mr. Van Arsdale is a timber king of the biggest kind, so he did not make | this startling assertion without consid- ering the import of his words. We were sitting on the veranda of a little tage right In the heart of the pine woods. All around were the glant firs, | so soon to be converted into prosaic | boards and boxes, while above us, in sublime majesty, towered the ma cent white-capped Shasta, its s | volcanic sides flecked only here and | there by a patch of lingering spow. For it has been a terribly hot and dry sum- mer, and within the memory of -man Mount Shasta has never appeared so bare. It is hot, even though the fragrant pines cast a grateful shadow around us, and dusty, because the little clearing in the woods is the scene of almost super- | human activity and bustle. During the present season a whole township has sprung up In this secluded spot. Saw- mills of the most modern pattern have been erected, whole streets of small cot- tages cover the ground, = large club room gnd bunk house have been put up; all the appurtenances, in short, of a | big and permanent logging camp have | been created. The McCloud River 1-mber Company Is not handling this enterprise timidly, Itlis out to get lum- | ber, and every appliance which capital kill can provide has been pres in order to get the lumber ble. and rapidly as Ic What goes on here is going on Hl.duz- | ens of other mills throughout the State, | s men, both and money, are ged In the timber trade; so that one has no difficulty in accepting Mr. Van Arsdale's assertion as to the brief pos- | ) | , from machinery. waste about the operation. Only the lower portion of the trunk, below the branches, is of any value; the rest is |left to dry on the ground, ready to serve as fuel for the next forest fire that starts. The trunk, according to its length, is sawn into three or four logs of from eighteen to twenty feer in length. Then the steam engine comes into pl in these wood ¥y and go where you will ~A large donkey en- gine, or, as they call it up here, a bull donkey, i{s within reach, perhaps one or two thousand feet away, and a long wire cable hauls the log over all obstacles to the roadway. Here it is placed on the chutes, a kind of raised wooden slide, down which the traction engine drags it to the mill The yellow pine, next in importance to the sugar pine, has not the same antiquity. It is a very slow grower and Is supposed to attain an age of 250 years. There is always, it should be observed, a good deal of doubt about the real age of a tree, because experts differ. Some assert that you can tell the age by counting the rings, or dif- ferent layers of wood in the trunk, each of which is presumed to represent a year's growth. It Is easy to do this after the tree Is cut down, but while it is still standing the age Is only a matter of guess. Other experts deny the value of the ring test altogether and advocate some other method, the working of which is quite incompre- hensible to the outsider. idently the era of yellow pine in this State has not yet passed. The tree comes up readily enough and young plantations were properly looked after a permanent supply of this tim- ber could be secured. The same with the fir and spruce and cedar tree Oaks, which nobody wants very muc and least of all the big lumberman, will come up anywhere. It is a singu- lar fact that if you clear a piece of land on which only pine has been grow- ing the chances are that oaks will spring up. I have seen a similar thing happen in the Pacific islands, where, when you strip the bush of its natural life left our forests. There is a puffing and snorting, a creaking and groaning of wheels, and | from out the bush in front of s a huge | traction engine emerges. It drags be- hind it—apparently without effort—a large wagon plled high with logs of | timber. As It passes along its great | wheels grind the friabl il into impal- | pable powder, and vast clouds of chok- | ing dust pollute the mountain All | through the woods you will come across | these uncouth monsters, noisily pur- | suing their avocation. They never | grow tired, no task is too great for| their strength, no load toco heavy for them to haul; their mechanical actlyity has signed the death knell of our giant pines. I A little artificial lake, its surface cov- | ered with floating logs, marks the end | of the traction engine’s work. The buzz | saw takes up the contract, and day and | night, without cessation, its ripping, whirring sound hums through the woods. Properly speaking, there is | neither night nor day at these mills; the electric light has changed all that. It is just one period of continuous work, logs coming in at one end of the mill and boards going out at the other, throughout the whole twenty-four hours. The rapidity with which a huge log, measuring perhaps eight feet in diam- eter, can be converted into boards is something marvelous. The log is no sooner hauled out of the water than it is jerked on a traveling bench and rushed against the revolving saw. Slice after slice falls off and Is car- | ried away on & traveler to be further | gubdivided, and In a minute or two the log, once part of a magnificent tree, is only a stack of boards on a railroad car, awalting transportation to San Francisco, or it may be, to the other side of the Pacific. There are sugar pines now standing in the McCloud forests which, within thirty days, must be on their way to Australia in the form of boards. There are contracts which must be kept, and ships which must safl at the appointed date, so that, in less than three months, our forest glants will be incorporated into some Sydney dwelling house. Everybody who appreciates the skill and energy with which the lumber business is being handled will under- stand how rapidly our forest: once the pride of the State, are disappear- fng. And the worst of it is, we are taking no steps to check the waste, no measures to reforest the denuded por- tion of our, domain. Capitalists buy the land dnd strip it of its timber without any consideration for the wants of posterity. We cannot blame them, for the law, as it stands, gives them their privilege. It is the duty of the State to take measures to check this waste, and to preserve for all time a crop which, if properly husbanded, would be of inexhaustible value to the country. The pity of it is that it is now too late to replace many of our finest trees. Mr. Van Arsdale declares positively that there will be no second growth of sugar pine. “The conditions under which the sugar pine grew,” he says, “have passed forever. The climate has changed or something has hap- pened, but whatever the cause, the su- gar pine does not come up again. There is a piece of land at Truckee which, to my certain knowledge, was cleared of sugar pine thirty-five years ago, and the trees which have come up are mis- erable little things, not more than six inches in diameter, and utterly value- less.” Another proof of this Is the fact that no young sugar pines are to be seen in our forests. The trees which are now being cut down are mostly from two to three hundred years old, and average from four to five feet in dlam- eter. Many trees still standing, how- ever, are much older and larger. Eight feet is not an uncommon diameter, while twelve has been seen, though but rarely. These magnificent trees must be at least five hundred years old, and yet, for the sake of a little commercial profit, we destroy in a few hours na- ture’s handiwork of an age. Tree fell- ing is no longer the labor it used to be. Two men with a saw cut rapidly through, the soft wood, and the tree falls in.a few minutes. No matter how large the wood giant there is no need to prepare a bed for it. The pine is sufficiently elastic to stand the shock. ‘With redwood it is different, and un- less great care ig taken the tree will break in pleces when it strikes the follage, breadfruit tre appear. Where do these growths come from? Scientists are at a Ic for an answer. Probably the germs have lain dormant in the ground for centuries, waiting for a chance to make their vitality known. The operations of the Scott & Van Arsdale corporations, which 1s only one of the big milling concerns which form the lumber combine about which so much has been heard lately, are sim- ply enormous. The head of the whole concern is the firm of Scott & Van Ars- dale, which has its office in the Crocker building. It owns body and soul (I quote from the firm's own business card) the following corporations: The Stskiyou Lumber and Mercantile Com- pany of Sisson, the Scott & Van Arns- dale Lumber Company of Fifth and Brannan streets, San Francisco; the | Scott & Van Arsdale Box Factory of | | Upton, the Folsom Box Factory of Fol- som. As If these were not enough en- terprises to handle, the firm is agent for the McCloud River Rallroad Com- pany, the McCloud River Lumber Com- pany and the A. Weed Lumber Com- pany. It is a tremendous aggregation of lumber interests, but the work malinly centers on the McCloud prop- erty, reached by the company’'s private raflway. This line in itself is a splen- did piece of englneering work. It starts from Upton, right under Mount Shasta, and winding round the foothills at the base of the glant crag switches | itself up and down the steep hillsides, going now forward and now backward, until the comparatively level country of the logging camp Is reached, a dis- tance of eighteen miles. Every day sees a long line of laden cars leave the place for San Francisco: every day hundreds of noble trees are felled in the forest. g The company owns or controls me 300,000 acres of the finest timber sl'zu\v.! in the State, and, with the exception of a few months in winter, the work will g0 on continuously year in and year out, until the whole land within a ra- dius of ten miles has been stripped. A number of smaller mills in the neigh. borhood hang like parasites on flanks of the great corporation. All their lumber comes to McCloud, where it is handled by the company, dried and shipped to this city. Altogether the | average dally production of lumber by the company and its tributaries is from 250,000 to 300,000 feet. Besides this an enormous quantity of firewood is split for the use of the Southern Pacific Railway Company. The work forms an entirely separate branch of the trade, for it is mainly carried out under con- :ruct by foreigners—Portuguese or Ital- ans. The box factory at Upton is another enormous consumer of lumber. With the aid of modern machinery it turns out some twelve thousand boxes a day and uses up about 15,000,000 feet of lum- ber yearly. This box industry is a fac- tor in the timber question which we cannot afford to overlook. Many peo- ple are under the impression that the demand for lumber is likely to decrease rather than Increase in the future. They argue that in many ways iron and steel 1s taking the place of wood. We use steel frames for our great buildings, our ships are all of the same material, in nearly every industry the | cheapened production of iron has led to its substitution for wood. It is only the fruit grower who is yearly making heavier and heavier demands upon our forests. One Industry invariably reacts upon another. If the orchards of the State had not prospered so marvelously many of our finest forest trees might still b standing. A yearly supply of about eighty million boxes is demanded by the fruit trade, and from Upton boxes go tc all parts of the coast, even so far south as Mexico. No materfal has yet been discovered which will serva as a substitute for wood in the packing of fruit,-and until something is found thiv drain upon our forests Is certain to continue. Then there is the export trade. Large quantities of our best wood, especially sugar pine, yellow pine and redwood, are shipped to Australia, there to be used for building and decorative pur- poses. Australla has little soft wood of her own, therefore the demand is likely to increase. The Australian ex- port trade in fruit and butter is a iarge and growing one and all the wood needed for boxing these goods mus: (f ground. Thére is an enormous quantity of pecessity come from this country. Hcenolulu, Samoa and the other Pacific islands are also large customers. Mexi- »u cannot get far away | if the | are certain to | e and Central America require boards and boxes, There Is nothing to check the drain upon our forests, unless the State ster.s in and insists that the business cf lumber getting shall be conducted in a rational way, with due regard for the requirements of the fugure. A well-known authority has estimat- ed that, when California was conquered by the United States, some 50,000 square miles, or about one-third of the total area of the State, were covered by forests. To-day we have only some 15,000,000 acres of first-class forest land left. The redwoods of the coast ranges, which cover but a limited area of some 1,400,000 acres, are fast disappearing; at least 20 per cent of them has already been cut and the quantity which re- mains will not last for more than thirty or forty vears. Further inland we find the coniferous belt, the great pine for- s of the Sierra Nevada. Around Shasta, where the McCloud lumber mills are, this forest can be studied to the greatest advantage, for there the trees grow to the largest size and are, withal, easily accessible to the tourist. Botanists, always fond of nice classifi- cations, divide this great forest into three belts, according to altitude. On the lowest belt, where the foothills are, we find oaks and the Pinus sabrina, reaching up to an altitude of 2000 feet. Betwen this height and 4000 feet comes the middle forest, where the noble sugar pine makes its appearance, ac- companied by black pine, cedar, red and yellow fir. But it is between 4000 and 9000 fet that the conifers reach their highest luxuriance. Here the yel- low and sugar pine, the giant firs and spruces, grow to their greatest perfec- tion, and it is here that the destructive lumber industry is most profitably car- ried on. It is easy to write about the evil, but it will be more to the polnt to suggest a remedy. This is not difficult, and any forester of average intelligence could tell you exactly what to do, It has been done in so many other partsof the world, in India, in Australia, in France and Germany and Russia. Wherever there are forests the nation which has any regard for posterity | takes means for their preservation. In this country much of the work un- doubtedly comes within the scope of the Federal Government. Uncle Sam sells the timber lands and makes his profit thereon, so that he should un- doubtedly maintain an efficlent forestry | commission to attend to the reforest- |ing of the lands. We ought, in short, to look upon our timber as a crop, just | as we regard wheat or corn. Up to the | 2000 feet level the land 's more valuable | for farms and orchards than for tim- ber growing. But above this level we | should have great timber ranches, pro- | ducing annually a crop which would | never fail. Every acre of land in the State might thus be profitably utilized. Where fruit would not grow timber | would furnish an even richer product. There is another and even more im- portant side to the problem which must not be overlooked. The very perma- nence of our climate, the very exist- | ence of our vineyards andorchards, our gardens and farms, depends upon the | | preservation of our forests. Already, it is said, the climate of California is changing. It is becoming markedly | hotter and drier. The present season, | exc -ptional as it may be, seems to lend weight to the assumption. If rear were like the present one, Cali- | fornta would be doomed as an agricul- tural State. Yet, by stripping the for- ests from our hills, we are doing our best to turn the land into an arid des- ert. Every one knows the effect of | trees upon the rainfall. The high | spreading branches of our pines arrest | the passing clouds and precipitate | moisture upon the land. Then, it must | be remembered, the Sacramento and | most of our principal rivers are fed by the melting snow of the mountains. During the winter the snowfall lodges under the pines, and when spring ar- | rives it is gradually and gently melted, | insuring an even flow of water throughout the summer. Remove the | sheltering tree branches, and with the | first heat of summer the snow will melt in a body, tearing Its way down the hillsides to the flooded streams below. There will be a big rush of water for | a few days, and then a drought. Also | the bare ground, without tree roots to | hold it together, will wash away read- ily, rivulets once lilmpid will be filled with silt, much water will be lost by | percolation through the loosened soil | and the residents in the valley will find | that the streams, which once never | falled, are diminishing in volume year | by _year. | These things are matters of every- day knowledge, yet nothing is at- | tempted to avert the calamity. Even if the Federal Government does not do its duty toward the forests it has sold, there is much that the State, by the establishment of an efficlent Forestry | Commission, might accomplish. When the Federal Government sells a sec- tion of land, the purchaser has the right, If he chooses, to denude it of every stick of timber. The State has no jurisdiction, but it could easily take | measures to insure the replanting of the land thus stripped. Nurseries for young forest trees should be estab- lished, and the seedlings distributed wherever needed. There is plenty of land available for the purpose, as the State owns the sixteenth and thirty- second sections of each township, the section being 640 acres. Careful experiments should be made to ascertain the best kinds of trees for planting. As I have already pointed | out, it is hardly likely that we will be able to replace our destroyed sugar pine forests, but we might do much | with varfous foreign kinds of trees. The | English oak is sald to grow more rapid- | 1y here than the native variety, besides | producing more valuable lumber. The | eucalyptus, we know, is a very rapid | grower, and the timber from some of the finer varieties, such as ironbark | and blue gum, has achieved a world- wide celebrity. To-day the streets of | London are being paved with ironbark blocks, a material having all the ad- vantages of a wooden pavement, com- bined with the endurance of granite. The streets of Sydney and Melbourne, entirely paved with this material, stand forth as an example which the world 1s rapidly learning to Imitate. There is also the jarrah wood of Western Aus- tralia, absolutely teredo proof and un- equaled for piles and rallway ties. Enormous quantities of this wood are sent yearly to India, as it is the only timber for raflway purposes which will resist the ravages of the white ant. The | black walnut, the European sycamore, | the box elder, the cork oak and various | varieties of ash, might also be included in the list of trees desirable for plant- ing. Side by side with this movement for reproduction, the State might also do much to check the damage to existing forests caused by fire. There Is, I be- lieve, a law In existence wWhich makes it a penal offense to start a forest fire. But the law Is a dead letter, because there is no properly organized forest patrol. The lumber getters would be only too glad to assist the State in this work, for they live in daily dread of a huge brush fire, which may sweep the whole of their property away. The large lumber corporations, such as the McCloud River Company, maintain a private patrol of their own, and as soon as a fire Is discovered a well organized force is called cut to check its spread by backfiring. But this is not suffi- clent. The corporations, naturally enough, only look after the land which they actually own. The remainder of the vacant timber lands of the State is at the mercy of any careless camper who may choose to leave his embers alight. The prosecution of a few of these offenders would do much to eheck the ravages of bush fires, and it only needs a little attention on the part of the State Legislature to bring about the desired result. J. F. ROSE-SOLEY. Hardtmuth's “Koh-I-Noor” lead pencil will outlast three others. Try it, . every | | | CPPOPPOPPOCOOOOOOS®S ® ® e WORDS OF APPRECIATION X e FOR GENEROUS ENTERPRISE : ® & @ CAVITE, Philippine Islands, July 26, 1898. @ ® Editor The Call, San Francisco, Cal.—Dear Sir: Please accept © @ this expression of thanks for sending this regiment the latest pos- @ & sible issue of The Call, distancing all other papers by one day. Re- @ & spectfully, OWEN SUMMERS, ® ® Colonel Second Regiment, O. U. S. V. @ ® L2 @ @ @ CAVITE, Manila Harbor, Phillppines, July 1898. @ & Editor The Call, San Francisco, Cal.—Dear Sir: Please accept @ & this expression of thanks for your very thoughtful kindness in send- © @ ing us the coples of The Call of the last issue possible, the 29th of @ @ June, the date of General Merritt’s departure from San Francisco on @ ® the steamer Newport, the first of the fleet to arrive. Respectfully, @ @ JOHN W. FRENCH, @ @ Tieutenant Colonel Twenty-Third Infantry. @ @ ® PPOPPPPOOCOOOOOOOO @ B R R RO R R RORCROR SRR R CROR R R CR R ORCRC RN R R RS @ 54 SAMPSON CALLS UPON MckINLEY They Discuss the Cuban Commission. PLANS NOT YET FORMULATED WILL BE GIVEN WRITTEN IN- STRUCTIONS. Admiral Details Incidents of the Big Naval Battle—The President Listens With Deep Interest. Spectal Dispatch to The Call. WASHINGTON, Aug. .—Admiral Sampson called on President McKinley 2 to-day and spent thirty-five minutes | with him in discussion of the Cuban Commissfon’s plans and other matters. He reached here on the train from New York at 3:38 o’clock this afternoon and drove immediately to the Navy Depart- ment. There he spent some minutes exchanging courtesies with the naval officials, when Acting Secretary of the Navy Allen drove with him to the White House, the two joining the Pres- ident at a quarter past 4. The President shook the admiral's hand very cordially and inquired about his experience in commanding the fleet | in the Cuban waters. Admiral Samp- son referred briefly to a number of the important Incidents in the war. The details of the great battle of July 3 were gone over quite thoroughly. President at the outset took occasion to express his thanks to the admiral | for the success of the battle and showed deep interest in the story of the engagement as told by him. The talk also bore on the reasons for not entering the harbor at Santiago and the placing of the mines and torpedoes in Cuban ports. The plans of the commission to ar- range for the evacuation of Cuba were talked over and the’ President was asked as to whether formal instructions would be given the commission. The President told the admiral that written instructions would be given the com-| The talk along mission in a few days. this line was of a general nature and laid down no strict line of policy. During the call Secretary Alger came over from the War Department to con- sult the President regarding the dispo- | sition of troops, and finding Admiral Sam n there greeted him and joined in the discussion. Both Rear Admirals Sampson and Schley had been invited here by the President to confer on the plans of the commission, but Admiral Schley did not arrive until this after- noon. Admiral Sampson looked some- what fatigued. He did not wear his uniform, being attired in an ordinary sack suit of light mixed cloth. After leaving the President he stopped just long enough to sgratify several autograph enthusiasts and then drove off to his hotel, where Acting Secretary Allen left him. The latter announced positively that the admiral would retain his command on the North Atlantic squadron while one of the Cuban Commissioners. No time has been fixed for the commission’s de- departure. Pending the receipt of the President’'s written Instructions, Ad- miral Sampson will go to his home in New Jersey to spend a few days. PREPARATIONS FOR WAR BEING MADE BY SPAIN Will Build New Railroads and Is Increasing the Armament of Camara’s Fleet. Special Cable to The Call and the New York Herald. Copyrighted, 1868, by James Gor- don Bennett. CADIZ, Aug. 22.—Construction of railroads from Torregorda and San Fernando to the arsenal has been de- cided upon. The Rumancia is taking on board heavy artillery—four big guns and several smaller ones. The Vitoria is also taking on board more guns. The fronclad Alfonso XIII has again been put through a farce of trials, but is hardly able to keep at sea. One of her twelve centimeter guns burst, but no one was killed. Admiral Camara’s squadron is going to Ferrol to clean up and save the Carlos V, whose ma- chinery Is disabled. It is reported that an English company is willing to take over a plant to the Ferrol arsenal and construct battle-ships there. AT e ITALIAN FACTIONS IN SANGUINARY CONFLICT Rocks, Clubs, Chains and Axes Used in a Desperate Affray at Mill Valley. SAN RAFAEL, Aug. 22—One of the bloodiest brawls that ever disgraced a community occurred in Mill Valley last evening between rival members of two Italian secret societies. Rocks, clubs, heavy chalns and axes were the weapons used and the fray was so fierce that the ground near the scene was dyed crimson with the gore of the contestants. Carlos Luraghi and his wife Rose, together with Carlos and Antone Guratti, two brothers- | in-law, formed one faction. The three male members are said to belong to the Mafla. Thelr opponents were Augustus, Carlos and John Fararri, reputation of belonging to another Italian secret soclety. The feud is of long standing, and when the men met near the depot in Mill Valley last evening a quarrel began. Luraghi took offense at a remark and struck John Fararri over the head with a loaded cane, splitting his scalp and knocking him down. Carlos Guratti followed up the on- slaught” by wielding a heavy log chain, and was met bf' a fusillade of cobbles and blows from clubs In the hands of the Fararri brothers. The melee became general and the fac- tions fell upon each other and fought like wild beasts. Luraghi was felled to his knees by a blow from a club, when his wife uttered a scream of r: and rush- ing up with an ax inflict a_deep cut on Augustus Fararri’s skull. The blow was glancing, otherwise it might, have proved fatal. At this juncture a num- The | who have thes ber of officers arrived and placed the pri ls under arrest, thus ending h or the time. All the contestants wi red with blood. n- - o th 3 cov _To-day the principals were brought to San Rafael and arraigned before Judge | Rodden on various charges of assauit and disturbing the peace. They were convict- 1 and fined in sums ranging from $ to | All departed homeward vowing ven- geance one another at the first op- portunit - NEVADA TROOPS IN REVOLT. Protest Against Doing Garrison Duty in Arizona. CARSON, Nev., Aug. 22.—War Is brew ing at Camp Clark. There is dissatisfac- tion among the soldiers arising out of the fact that a telegram sent from Carson by Senator Willlam M. Stewart to Secretary Alger asking the retention of the Nevada battalion and that they be not mustered out of service brought back the reply that the t would be granted and that nt to do ~arrison 3 s s raised the trouble, and a few who declared they had enlisted to fight, not to become human watch- dogs, circulated a petition this afternoon to be sent to the Secretary of War pray- ing that they be mustered out if could not be sent to Manila or Honolulu. Nearly every man from two companies signed the petition, but the officers got 1 of the scheme, and, demanding pos- dut; session of the document, destroyed it and reprimanded the participants for m\-nhmng_ with affairs that did not concern them. hey were threatened with con- finement in the guard house if such a thing was attempted again. This put the battalion in a high rage and they shower- | ed condemnation upon their officers’ heads. It is difficult to predict what the result will b ADVERTISEMENTS. | | | No ordinary beer can exce! In fine flavor and taste.—It takes the extra ordinary "Blatz* to do so and there- by prove its superiority in purity and high quatlity. VAL.BLATZ BREWING CO. MILWAUKEE. U.S.A. Louis Cahen & Son, Wholesale Dealers, 416-418 Sacramento Street, San Francisco. MEGICAL DEPARTMENT URIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. The regular course of Thursday, September 1, at lege Bullding, Stockton st., Francisco. R. A lectures will begin 9 a. m., at the Col- Chestnut, San D., Dean. 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Hours daily 8 to 12—1 to TAKE ELEVATOR Erenings 7 to & ndays 9 to 1i. 5 They | GITY DRY GOODS COMPANY. CLOAK AND SUIT DEPARTMENT. 1808 1899 FALL STYLES s G Tailor-Made Suits and Jackets. Golf Capes—the latest plaid effects, In a great variety of colors. FUR CAPES, FUR COLLARETTES, FUR BOAS Have arrived and are open for inspection Country orders carefully and promitly at- tended to. GITY OF PARIS DRY 600DS C0., 8. E. Cor. Geary and Btockton Bts., B. F., Union Bquare. PROCLAI 'ATF_OF CALIFORNI Ul:l”‘_l" DEPARTME‘;"‘!‘. NTO, July 30th. 1838. ning on the fourth day of J 2 twothirds of all the members elected to each of the two howuses of sald Legislature voting in favor thereof. proposed the following de- seribed amendments to the Constitution of the State of Callfornia. to-wit: AMENDMENT NUMBER ONE. (Being Senate Constitutional Amendment No. A resolution to propose to the people of the Biate of Cailfornia. an amendment to section eighteen of article eleven of the Cunlnl.\;- tign, in relation to revenue and taxation. by which it Is proposed to amend sald section to reed as follows: = Section 18. No county, city, town, township, board of education, or school district shall in- cur any indebtedness or llability in any man- ner or for any purpose exceeding in any ygar the income and revenue provided for 1t for such vear, without the arsent of two-thirds of the qualified elactors thereof. voting at flection to he held for that purpose, Dor U ens before, Or at the time O indebtedness, provision shall be made for the collection of an annual tax sulficient to pay the interest on such indebtedness as it falls due, and also provision to constituts a sinking fund for the payment of the principal thereol on or before maturity, which shall not exceed forty years from the time of contracting the same; provided, however, that the City and County of Ran Francisco may at any time pay the unpaid clalms with interest thercon for materlals furnished to and work done for sail city and county during the forty-third and forty-fourth flacal years. out of revenus of any succeeding year Or years; pro- vided, that any and all claims for making. re- polrini. sitering or for any work done upan or for any material furnished for any street, alley. court. piace or sidewalk, of struction of any sewer or sewers and county are hereby excepted from the viajons of this section: and in determining claim permitted to be paid by this section. no statute of limitations shall apply in any man; ner: and provided further, that the City Valiejo, In Solano County, may pay its exist tng indebtedness incu: in the comstructlon: of 1ts waterworks, whenever two-thirds of the electors thereof voting at on election held for that purpose. shall so decide. Any indebted- ness or liability incurred contrary to this pro- ¢ incurring such lane, | for the con: | 'mal in sald city | O hia office, resignation, or absence from the pro- | ‘any | devolve upon the Lieutenant Governor for the of | por be - | become incepable of performing the duties of MATION the second Monday of November of each vear, The Judges holding such term of court shall receive no extra compensation therefor, but ehall receive thelr actual expenses, to be paid out of the general fund of the e treasury. The Legislature shall enact all Iaws necessary to crganize such court, to provide the pro. cedure thereof and to carry out the provisiong of this rertion AMENDMENT NUMBER FOUR. (Being Assembly Constitutional Amendment s No. 31.) resolution to propose to the people of State of Callfornta an amendment 1o the Cont stitution of the State. amending article eleven, by adding a nev section thereto, to be known as section number five and one-half, relating to congolldated city and county governments. The | sald proposcd new section to read as follo Section §l. The provisions of sections and five of this article shall not, nor shal] any legislation passed pursuant thereto, apply to any consolidated city and county government now existing or hereafter formed, which shali have become. or shall become, organized under 'ction ven, or secure a charter elght of this article i mation AMENDMENT NUMBER FIVE. (Being Assembly Constitutional Amendment No. $.) A resolution to propese to the le of th State of Califormya, &n amendment of section fftcen and section sixteen of article five of | Constitution of the State of Callfornla, by | which it is proposed to amend said sections to read s followa: ection 1. A Lieutenant Governor shall | elected at the same time and place and in the fame manner as the Governor, and his term of The Income and | office and his gualificatione shall be the same. | He shall be president of the Senate, but shail | >nly have a casting vote therein. Section 16. In case of the impeachment of the Governor, or his removal from office, death, inability to discharge the powers and duties State, the powers and duties of the office shall rosidue of the term, o i | Tpaidus r until the disability And shouid the Lieutenant Gover- impeached, displaced. resign, dls, of 3 | his office, ! president” pro tempore of the Senate shail act | 8s Governor until the vacancy In the office of Governor : shall be filled at the next general election when members of the Lerislature shall or be absent from the State, the Vision, with the exception hereinbefore recited. | be chosen. or intil such disability of the Lisu- ehall be void. AMENDMENT NUMBER TWO. (Being Senate Constituticnal Amendment No. 10.) A resolution proposing to the people of the State of California an amendment to the Con- stitution of the State. by adding a new sec- tion, to be known and designated as section n thereof, p: ro- viding for the framing by the inhabitants of counties, of local county government acts for their own government. The said proposed new section to read as follow: ction to read a8 follom S ants of any county | may frame & county government act for their own government, relating to the matters here- | Taatter specified, and consistent with. and sub- | % to, the Constitution and laws of this State. » causing a board of fifteen freeholders, who | Pave beeh, for at least five vears. qualified | electors of such county, to be clected by the | Sualined electors of such county, at any gen B 'or special election, whose duty it sball be | within ninety days after such election, to pre- | e And propose & county government act for | D Sounty, which shail be signed in dupli- | Shte by the moembers of such board, or a ma- fority of them, and returned, one copy thereof | 1ot he "Board of Supervisors or other legisia- tive body of such county, and the other copy 107%e “aent to the Recorder of Deeds of the "“Such proposed county government act then be published In two papers of gen- ol rewlation In such county, or if there be pot two such papers, then in one only, foast twenty days, and within not less than thirty days after such publication tt shall be submitted to ualified electors of such county, at a general or special election, and if ority of such qualified electors’ voting thereon shall ratify the same, it shall there- | after be submitted to the Leglalature for its | Tejection or approval, ss & whole, without Power of alteration ot amendment, and If ap- Proved by a majority of the members elected o each house, it shall be the county govern- Thent act of such county, and shall in such case become the organic law thereof and super- sede any existing county government act, and | all ‘amendments thereof, and all special laws fnconsistant with such county government act. A oopy of such county government act, certi fed by the President of the Board of Super- Visors or other legisiative body of such county. and authenticated by the seal of such county, fetting forth the submission of such county government act to the clectors, and its ratifica- fion by them, shadl be made In duplicate and deposited, oné in the office of the Secretary of State, the other, after being recorded in the otfice’ of the recorder of deeds in the county, armong the archives of the county. All “courts shall tnke judicial notice thereof. The county government act so ratified may be amendod, at intervals of not less than two Jears, by proposals therefor, submitted by the Jexislattve authority of the county, to the qualified electors thereof, a_general or fal election held at least forty days after Re publication of such proposals for twenty Navs'in a newspaper of general circulation in such county, and ratified by at least three- fifths of the gualified electors voting thereon, and approved by the Legislature as herein pro- Vided for the approval of the county govern- ment act. ln submitting any such county gov- ernment acl any alternative article or proposi- tion may be presented for the cholce of the voters, and may be voted on separately with- out prejudics t others. Tt shali be competent in all county govern- ment acts framed under the authority given by this eection, to provide for the manner in Which, the times at which, and the terms for Which' the several township and county officers other than Judges of the Superior Court, shall e elected or appointed; fof their compensa- flon: for the number of such officers, for the consolidation o segregation of offices. for tha pumber of deputies that each officer shall have, and for the compensation payable to each of Such deputies, for the manner in which the fimes 1 which, and the terms for which the members ‘of ‘all beards of election " shall ‘be elected or appointed: and for the constitution, regulation, compensation and government of such boards, and of their clerks and attaches: Qlso, to prescribe the manner and method by Which all elections by the people shall be con ducted; and may in addition determine “the tests and conditions upon which electors, po- Iitleal parties and organizations may particl pate In any primary election. ‘Whenever any county has. in the mannerand method herein pointed out. adopted any county Fovernment act. and the same shall have been lrmnfl by the Legislature as aforesald, the APictions of sections four and. five of thi article providing the uniformity of £ystem of county governments throughout the tate, and likewlse providing for the election and “appolntment of officersy and the ‘requ tion of their compensation, ®hall not apply, Batd county ernment act shall, as to any of the matters hereinabove provided for and de- clared by such county government nct. not be subject to any law or amendment enacted by e e e subm! o ectors and ratified In manner hereinabove set forth. the AMENDMENT NUMBER THREE. (Being Senate Connlx‘:t;onn! Amendment No. for A resolution proposing to the people of the gfate of California an Smendment 5o the Con stitution of the State, by adding a new section, 1o be known and des{gnated as section five and one-haif, article six. thereby providing for the granizsition of & court, to be known as the ourt of 3 e sal new tion to read as follows: i hs Section §%. The Court of Claims shall con- sist of any three Judges of the Superior Court, h be Dby the Governor to hold court at the reguiar terme thereof. The Cou of Claims shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine all claims of every kind and character against the State, under such Jaws 8s may be passed by the Lekisiature, and ta Judgment therson shall be fnal, The ferms g the Court of Claims shail be held as foi- In the Cff second the of Los Angeles, commancin: onday of March; = commodations. Next term opens August 9, IRA G. HOITT, Ph. D., Principal. City and ity of San Franci: Ing on mwm' Monday lnn.v\.u“ ."ldl the City of Sacramento. commencing om enant Governor shall cease. In case of a va- cancy in the office of Governor for any of the reasons_above named, and neither the Lieu- tenant Governor nor the president pro temporg of the Senate shall succeed to the powers and dutles of Governor, then the powers and di ] | of such office shail devolve upon the Speaker of the Aesembly, untll the office of Goversor | shall be filled at such general election. AMENDMENT NUMBER SIX. (Being Assembly Constitutional Amendment No. 39). A resclution to propose to the le of th Bfate of Callfornia an amendment fo Section #ix, Article nine of the Constitution of the State of California, relating to srammar schools by which it is proposed to amend said section to read as followa: Section 6. The public school system shall fn- clude primary and grammar schools, and such high schools, evening schools, normal schools, and technical schools as may be established hy the Legislature or by municipal or district authority but the entire revenue derived from the State school fund and the State school tax shall be applied exclusively to the support f primary and grammar schools. mmar echools shall include schools organized in & school district. or unlon of school districts, having more than one thousand inhabitants, in which a course of study shall be taught whith will prepare puplls to enter the cultural, mining or sclentific department of the Uni- versity of California. AMENDMENT R SEVEN. (Being Assembly Constitutional Amendment No. 34). A resolution to propose to the psople Siate of Calitornta ga. amendment To® Sectin two of Article four of the Constitution, in rela- {ion to sessions of the Legislature. by which 15 Proposed to amend sald section to read oliows: . Section 2. The sessions of the Legt shall commence at twelve o'clock meridian on the first Monday after the first day of January next succeeding the election of Its membe and shall be blennial unless the Governor shall {n the interim convene the Legislature by proc- lamation. The Legislature shall then remaln ‘a sescion for twenty-five days, after which it must adjourn to some date not less than thirty nor mcre than sixty days from the time of a. journment. It the two houses fail to agree upon a time at which they will resume thelr session, the Governor shall, by proclamation, fix a date for such reconvening. which shall be within the limits above presoribed. Upon re- assembling, the Legislature shall complete ita session. No pay shall be aliowed to membere for a longer period than seventy-five days. and no bill ehall be Introduced in either house ex- cept at the first twenty-five davs of the session, without the consent of three-fourths of the members_thereof. ant to the provi- d an t 1t as NOW, THEREFORE, Pursus stons of the Constitution, an of the Lesislature of the State of Caljfornia, entitied An act to provide for the submission of pro sed amendments to the Constitution of the tate of California. to the qualified el thelr approval, approved March 1, A 1 168 the above-described nroposed amendments are hereby publisted and advertised to be voted upon, by ballot, by the qualified electors of tha 3 o elec State, at "t on to be held throughout SSDAY. NOVEMBER & A. D. The sald proposed amendraents are to ne s grately voted upon ‘n manner and form as foj- s: Fach ballot used at such election taln "written_or”Drifted thereon the followine X upon the vof Cholce as provided by lawe, | XPress his Amendment Number Ons. bein, Constitutional Amendment ‘n’l’."“fii (exempting certain elaims against the City and County of San Francisco, and the_existing indebtedness of the City of Vallejo for the construction of ite water works from the provisions of the Constitution requiring suchclalms to be paid from the income and reve- nues of the year in which th incurred). i For the Amenament? Amendment Number Two, belng Senats Constitutional _Amendment (providing for framing local ‘Z:uml;? government acte by inhabitants of{ counties for thelr government). For the Amendment? ' { No. Amendment Number Th ate Conatitutional Ar::‘:r;flx&l:(‘ 4 (providing for the creation of 4 | Court_of Claims to determine clatma againet the State, and to consist ot three Superior Judges desiznated e Governor to serve wi e ety ithout extra Ao the Amendment? mendment Number Four, - gembly Constitutional A:-l:gm::t No. 37 (exempting consolfdated cities and counties,” organized or to be ore gantzed, or holding a charter der the Constitution, from certain log- ielation in relation to counties) For the Amendment? 3 Amendment Number Five, sembly - Constitational Amenbmagt No. 3 (relating to office of Govarnor, providing for succession _thereto tn of Ticutsnant ‘Governnc ing disabilty. vernor other office during term. © " 00108 For the Amendment? Amendment Number Six, betng Assem- By, Constitutional Amendment No. 5§ a e defining Grammar r the Amendment? Amendment Number Seven, betng As- gembly Constitutional Amendment 0. 34 (praviding for adjournment of Legislature for not less than thirty{ —— nor more than sixty days during eacl Ne sesston). For the Amendment? Witness my hand and the Great Seal of Stute of Caliornt ana S ftate ot Calltornia, “the day and year herein JAMES H. BUDD, Governor. H. BROWN. Secretary of State. T No K l un- No Yes Neo Attest: et