The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, September 12, 1897, Page 21

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL. SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1897. N ENORMOUS VAULT CONTAINING THE BONES OF THIRTY THOUSAND MEXICANS. Guanajuato is a city of Mexico built in | & hollow where three gorges dip and meet. Itis noted for the Pantheon and its fine | buildings built with variegatea stone, | which seem to have all the colors of the rainbow. The Pantheon covers over ten acres of ground, which are inciosed by walls per- haps ten feet high, and there bodies are laid in chambers as in the vaults of other cemeteries. Below is an immense sub- | cemetery, where the bones are carried at | the expiration of the chamber leases, or | when nothing remains of the dead but | whitened bones. A winding stairway de- | into this great scends charnel-house, which is nearly 900 feet long, 20 feet wide d more than 20 feet high. The bones and skulls of over 30,000 Mexicans are viled up at either end of this ‘“store- e,”” indiscriminately without refer- | wnership. | The Pantheon was at one time said by logists to contain the tombs of but without dount the notion of burial in caverns was tasken from t: e his- torical facts surrounding the Caiscombs beneath the ba-ilicas in Rome, the city of | tradi.ions and novle men. | There in the district Iying close to the Appian Way the basilica of St. Sebastian was erected. Under its massive wall tensive burial vaults w became famous as a place According to history, catacombs were built early in centurv. There the bodies of ul rested for 2 year a ths previous to the rem icas whick bore their atter part of th ence to o basi With t a new epoch in the histo »se—that of re s | century | { Catacombs e. They votion and gious were regarded with special d vastated partially gh the barbarian those in former years was so compietely be resort of large bands of pil- | ivvaders, as we om neglect of those gr whose guidance catalogues of | Who should kave been their guardians. booed that the ¢xireme measure Wa f burial places and holy men | The relics were mostly removed, the pil- | taken and the dead were lald to rest in grimages naturally ¢ ed among the | the very existence of tiese wonderiul sub- | tion had it that those | terranean cemeteries was forgotten. & who came there and prayed for forgiveness Poverty had also taken the place of | be safe from the torments of damna- | This superstition was in vogue for ars here were drawn uy v time. The bodies b ed in the gloom d darkness were forgotien. Six centuries had elapsed when the ac- h of the Christian the waters of the sea significance. The custom o interment died some laborers revealed to the inhabitants of Rome another city aled their own. Bosio, a Roman archzologist, devoted his life to tom subterranean above the | afterward the Cata- into decay. They were de- | a century s sank »ut, and | cidental discovery of a sepuichral cham- | N earth were used. Theold superstitions of | the personal investi- 1| | open vaults where they might be seen at | the true Columous of L TG RS Srar e g = T gation of these cav- erns, and for his re- searches was called the hidden worli. Dean Milman, hear- ing of the entrance into these places and the general devasta- tion which was at that time goingon, | secret chambers into a thing of curiosity “Q irreverent reverence which con- | 0 ng eyes, where formerly piety was the catacombs from hidden =2na | w to steal down to show its respect for said: verted IgmNErs, = V& a8 it were, a g eat religicus ene of devout pilgrimage His words gave rise to the dead, and, spectacle, the to thousands.” | hand of BY A WINDING STAIRWAY - DIMLY LIGHTED THIS CHAMBER OF DEATH IS REACHED. extensive alterations in the construction and decoration of the caverns, which thereby lessened their vaiue as authentic memorials of religious art. There in the caverns of death were found again the bodies of men unknown. The discovery of the Roman catacombs showed vast labyrinths of narrow galleries three to four feet in width. They were inter- spersed with small chambers excavated at snccessive levels in the volcanic rock. The ealleries themselves are the ceme- teries, and the Christian dead were buried in long low horizontal recesses excavated in the vertical walls of the passages, ris~ ing tier above tier like berths in a ship. Red matter was found there in larg quantities, not blocd but the remnants of the purest wine which is thought to have been consecrated to act as a religious charm. It is said again that afterem- balmed bodies were laid in the excava- tions the wine was poured in and the Time lcft no trace. Other spots were discovered where bodies had been laid, but only through the presence of quicklime, which had hastened the de- struction of some buman frame. Other bodies were lying here and there, dried to mummies by the dampless heat. Now those formerly sacred places used for worship and the burial of tho dead nuve been converted into historical caverns for the advancement of science, and the Catacombs and the traditions with which they were surrounded have passed into oblivion. child, with & wealth of golden hair falling her shoulders, working along the eams. She isa most pronounced new voman in hér dress. No skirts for her. Not much. A pair of brown overalls proves much more convenient and prac- tical. And she surely looks much cuter in them than she would in an ordinary frock. Taking her pans under her arms she s:arts out. At present she is using an iron irying-pan, with the handle broken off, as the old-time piepan is now too | small. The first gravel she comes to she \givea a test, and if no *color’” shows she about I —Prospector' Little Mae Garr, Who Glimbs Through. Canyons and Washes (Gravel | for Golden Nuggets. | sized nugzet, and knew that it was vala- Of course she had seen miners at learned that they were ts of yellow metal. \ two and a half years finds another. This way she continues uutil it is time to go home to dinner, and when she does ve sure she takes a first- class appetite with her. Of course, little Mae has never made | any big strikes. And perhaps you think The youngest prospector in the country is little Mae Carr, who lives up in the Trinity gold fields. This little girl is not one of who came on the tidal wave the lzte gold craze, but sie has lived abie. work, and soon looking for the & Before Mae w those of there all the three years of her life. Her |old <he was a full-fledged prospector, sn1 | she has never fouad any gold. 1f you father is engaged in bpusiness up there, | used a tin pieplate for panning out. She | hink so just ask her toshow you the little and =0 is Mae for that matter. | seamed to play into remarkable luck, and | bottle of Gust and nu:gets that her mother Almost from the 1e Mae was able to | never went out without finding some- | jqtaking care of for her. R PROPER PRONUNGIATION. walk she has been bun ing gold. It might | thin even be said that she v | a prospector be- | At fir: re she was able to walk. When she was | home, but as in the crawling ce of her career, | ther and further away, until at present| she used to spatter around in the streams | she works up in the m lonely canyons, near the door of her home. Before she |and says she is not a bit afraid. was two years old she had found a zmd-] It is an odd sight to see the bright | Mae used to work around her \c grew oider she went fur- A Novel Method of Instruction Recently Started in Brooklyn. | | Every Monday evening there is a gath- | ering of women and men at the Warren- | Methodis: Episcopal Church, all learn to speak the English lan- it should be spoken, says the agle. Many native-born | Americans attend, and there isa strong | sentation of Swedes and Germans whose early education has, pr-sumably been neglected. An hour is spentin wha is commonly termed the elements of cor- rect oral speech. ‘Lhe teacher is 2 pro- fessional elocutionist. Considering that the cost of the lessons is scarcely dignified by the term nominal, and that the ex- pense of similar instruction elsewhere is irom §3 to §5 an hour, the wonder is that such an opportunity to get instruction is not more generally improved. The school is the only one of the kind in either this city or New York.™ Itis an experiment, or, rather, it was an experi ment. It now seems to be firmiy estab- lished. The movement began in New York City nearly a year sgo, with head- quarters at Carnegie Hall, in a series of jectures, and the Brooklyn school is the first wave sent out from thatinitial splash, The originator of the movement was 2ichard E. Mayne, a writer. The associa® | street tion is called the American Society for the Improvement of Speech. The officers are Richard E. Mayne, president; Hiram Cor- on, first vice-president, and Boyd Ever- ott, corresponding secretary. Tuere are three kinds of work laid out by the plan of the orzanization. These are: The in- siruction of members, the evolution of principles to be submitted to the public schools as educators, and people’s reading classes. President Mayne in speaking of the purpose of the movement said: “One of the greatest defects in our com- mon speech is druwling. Itis very com- mon among residenis of New England, but it is comparative'y rare among our foreign popuiation. Thereason for this is, as I think, the iazy habits of the Amer- icans. They have come (0 be weil off, as arule, and have settled down t0 an easy ife. The foreigners, on the other band. have to taik earnestly to get a living. The tirst step in affording a popular education is to eradicate that drawi and the next step is to inculcate a fondness for beauty ot sound. Itisnot difficult to acquire a knowledge of the fact that each syllable should be sounded in itself. It makes no difference how rapidly one speaks, each syliable can be kept separate from the others. When the scholars are once taught to see this point they have it in their own hands to speak or read with a great degree of correctness. ““As to the public schools, they are not entirely at fault for the quality of the speaking usually found in them. The diffienity is in the divided responsibility, as regards school influences and home in- fluences. The home has far greater scope THE STORY TELLER. DAVID 8. WALKER JR. PUBLISHEB 1T NoRTH BERKELER AUGUSTZ 14, 1897 ¥OLWNE 1 Wecocessesn-sasesciocnsocnto0sa0s OK A HALF SHELL. ; 3 “The Story Teller® is here.It is printed on 2 type v:rx&er. and wiyh én arrangement that inks the fingers but seems to get there some way, The publisher is only ten years old.and a berksley boy. It will cost a copy five ceats, but only ten cents per month. P X ‘The idea is to come out weekly and to give stories to interedt ell the boys and giris of Berkeley, especially North Berkeley, whish i¢ the ve- ry best of all the Berkrleys. A man with glass eyes and one deaf ear 19 sble to see that very easily. f you feel that you must read "The Story Teller", you can easily find the pubbication office at 1401 Spruce Street, North Berkeley.Now is the time to subScribe. If YOU are short of a DIME or a NICKEL, you can come tn later, and we will have back numbers for you. But if you vant Lo get out all the fun thers is reading the exciting adventures in the story of The hunt fcr a stolen Boy King, you had belter start early. iouted every Ssturday. There 1s no school wpon o is the editor subscription and advert- for hustling. Yhis paper will be distr that day, and the publisher, ising agent, likewise the carrier has that day AN ADVENTURE STORT. On the next page will be found the first chapter of °THE HUNT FOR A BOY KING".This story will run as long as the publisher likes it or unt1l it just naturally comes to a cut off. A PERMANENT VICTIM. When the North Berkeley musical club a$ in good running order, the fea agers made sure ofan audience of at least one at every concert by elec ting a PERMANENT VICTIM AS VICE PRESIDENT. Then they fined her for ev= ery time she was-late. So she was always there. ang as she made a 2004 face of it and applauded regularly, thcy said that she was PERFECTLY) LOVELY. EA §E HAV 2AND. Oh have you heard the North Berkeley 3and? It plays every yune vetter® thanevery other. No other Band in town does this. The accompanying reproduction shows the first page of one of the most unique newspapers in the country. It is a weekly, published by David Walker Jr. of Berkeley. All the printing is done on a mimeograph, and, while it is not quite as clear as type, the young publisher hopes to greatly improve the appearance of his paper after a few weeks’ practice. than the school in the matter of social speech. Percival Chubb, recently, in a caught the lines of the runaway between his teeth, his great weight bringing the | septic property, and bacteria attracted by lecture in Carnegie Hall, showed how in- struction in the public schools is set bick by failure of parents to co-operate with the teachers in the use of correct English. *‘As to diction used in every-day life, it isa fact that, excepting trained writers, the average man used ounly about one- fourth ot the words at his disposal. He nuses one word to express many meanings. The historian, Macaulay, said that the Latin language was a barbarous tongue because it was not capable of expressing shades of thought as the Greek was. There is po excuse for men and women to be slipshod in our language. It aboundsin opportunities for beautiful expression. The aim of the society is to heip every one to talk, not only ina more mellifluous way, but also 1n a way that will make the speakers more easily understood.” —_——————— A Dog's Useful Penchant. A resident. of the Hotel Berkeley is the owner of a fine St. Bernard . og which de- serves a gold meaal. The dcg has de- veloped a strange penchant jor stopping runaway horses, and the last time the sion was accomplished just in time to save a party of ladies from serious injury and perhaps worse. His master was driving down Portland avenue iast Saturday when he was startled by acry of ““Look out!” He turned and was justin time to wheel his horse out of the way of a run- away which was tearing down the avenue Just ahead was a party of ladies i dan- ger of what seemed certain death to some of them when the dog, who had been fol- lowing, and who seemed by instinct to comprehend the situation, gave a leap and frightened animal to his haunches just as he was about to strike one of the ladies, whoseemed too terrified to move.—Min- neapolis Times. % THE NEW VEGETABLE-DRIER Here Is a New lr\dustrg Down Near San dose There Is a Place Where Vegetables fre Dried Like Fruit. A new and important industry hascome into existence in Santa Clara County, which bids iair in time to rival the fruit drying. This is the preparation of dried | vegetables for the market, which at pres- | ent is generally confined to the short sea- | sons at the driers betweer the ripening of the different fruits. Just lately the vege- tables have been usurpinz the place of the | apricots, but they have now already be- | gun to give way in turn to the prunes. On approaching a arier it does not take | one long to decide whether fruit or vege- tables are being prepared, for in the latter case a pungent odor rushes out to sting | oue'’s eyes and crawl uncomfortadly up one’s nostrils—for the trail of onions is | over the land. Within a iively scene is pre- sented. Men are hurrying to and fro | bearing trays and boxes, while long rows | of women and clrildren sit busily peeling | potatoes and carrots, which, together with the onions,form at present the staple prod- uct. When boxes of potatoes and carrots are filled, they are poured into a large | hopper, and from there fed to a machine | with rotating knife-blades, which cuts them up into small slices a quarter of an inch thick. The further process which the potatoes undergo is simple, and for carrots and the other minor vegetables it is practically the same. After being sliced the tubers areslightly sulphured in a chamber built of wood. Here great discrimination must be used, for, if they are sulphured too much, the potatoes will taste of the fumes; if too little, they will not contain enough anti- tie starch will develop. Moreover, a little sulphuring is necessary to preserve the color of the vegetables as far as pos- | sible and to prevent decay. After this process the potatoes are not spread out in the sun, but put into an evaporator. The latter looks iike a small Ferris wheel, and is inclosed in a sort of brick oven with glass windows. Within this it revolves close to hot-air pipes for a few hours. When the moisture is suffi- ciently evaporated the cars of the wheel IN are emptied through the windows, and their contents are now ready for shipment in sacks. When this stage is reached the sliced potatoes resemole dry-chips, and it takes six or seven pounds of tue fresh to make one pound of the dried. By their pungency onions possess the power of warding off bacteria, and are, therefore, only slightly sulphured to pre- serve their color. They are nextevap- orated until one-third of the moisture is expelled, and then placed in traysin the sun, just as is done with fruit. Thedrying process shrivels the onions so much that it takes twenty parts of the fresh to make one of the dried. While the onions are being cut up the moisture coming from them is very disagreeable and hard on the eyes of the employes. ‘When carrots are evaporated it takes about nine parts of them to meke one dried part. Perhaps the drying process used in the case of both carrots and pota- toes might be improved upon were steam emploved. By using the latter the starch 1n the potatoes would be partly cooked and sterilized, and after this the tubers could be evaporated in a chamber similar to the one above described. In this way the potatoes could be rid of sulphur, well dried and vet capable of being quickly soaked, and thera would be no chance for bacteria to develop. Other vegetables than these mentioned are at present in process of development; but <o fer the industry has proved very protitable, as evinced by the increased de- mand fordried vegetablesall over the coun- try, but especially in the mining regions. EvuGENIA B. MABURY. The Bank of England has a reserve of only about £35,000,000 in gold; but Eng- land, though having the largest trade and interest to defend from one end of the world to another, has admittedly no need to make any preparations so far as cash is concerned, as she is able to raise the very largest sums of money ata mo- ment’s notice. OPERATION.