The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, May 3, 1897, Page 1

$ to be taken from E B This Paper not '1 3 L ee PRICE FIVE CENTS. HORRORS OF THE GREEK FROM EPIRUS RETREAT s N\ Blunders Committed During the Disorderly Scramble to Arta. PACKED MASSES STUMBLE TO A PLACE OE SAFETY. Tutks Continue to Advance Toward the Historical Plain of Pharsala, Where | a Decisive Battle May Be Fought To-Day. lated spacial | kala. the Greeks on a reveal inexplicable neg- hard-pressed an abund- n easy dis- itained a Greek guns unaccount- withdrawn. eadily and effectively until re. When they left their was with groans of d left their wi troops posts The ratreat occt <ness and the route was along perilous ) the highway leading proceeded in utter con- of troops stumbled tly without hurry- mass and silen asno apy arent excitement, a resolve to face the moved back toward not e wass iiresistible wave, | owerless to control | rhabitants of villages | e mingied with the troops. nen, women and children els and driving immense ep and goats joined ; until the road was rolling mass of terror- arents who had lost chil- iren who had lost parents afusion, while the glare of whica the Turks ed to remind they had was lost. d 0 o' clock in there was a great lery, cavalry, infantry, homes Here nimals, but the mass slowly | dawn there were side of ius & division numbering 11,000 men | here held a protracted conference to-day. ¢ and made thei the piace w T ence they tarted rkish A special dispatch dated to-day tory to the there are about Infor- but Pharsala says 000 Greek troops in and guns. the Tarks is scan advancing from n rega oy are proba red under cover of the | the | ik | The Greeks are inactive and their positions are weak. A dispatch from Athens confirms the reports of a Turkish repulse at Velestino. General 'Smolentz, commander at that place, is now regarded as the hero of the On the right as you pass from Triker Channel into the mouth of the Gulf of Volo is a rocky promontory which extends north and south about eight miles. At the | ‘ VIEW OF TRIKERI AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE GULF OF VOLO. lower end nestled on the slope of the hill at the concave end of a horseshoe-shaped bay is the little town of Volo. commanding a view of the Gulf of Volo to the north, Trikeri Channel and the 2 eastern end of the point is the Greck fortress erected since 1831, which commanas the entrance to the gulf and the approaches thereto from both east and west. left in the distance is Halmyro Point and the expanse of Volo beyond the point of view is from the hills southeast of the towr. Above it on the summit of the hill is a large chateau gean Sea to the east and Oreas Channel and Cape Stauros to the west. On the south- To the to-night for Epirus, Unusual attention | wasattracted to them by the fact that | their standard-bearer is a 17-year-old girl | | namea Helen Constantinide, daughter of | a local dentist. As the brigade passed | | through the streets the girl marched | A dispatch from Volo states the Turks bave evacuated Karditza, abou: thirty miles northwest of Pharsala, and the Greeks have reoccupied that own. bidtihn ol SALISBURY’S PLAN FAILS. -\ pr i ¢ the Grecian | oy campaign. A foreign officer who wit- | Proudly atits bead bearing the Grecian owing to the Opposition of Russia nessed the affair estimates that the Turks numbered 2000 and the Greeks 8000. He doubts whether it was intended as a seri- ous effort to turn the Greek position. The same officer states that the Turks are steadily advancing on Pharsala, where he believes a decisive conflict will occur, either to-morrow or Taesday. Another officer who witnessed the re- pulse of the Turks at Velestino says the Turkish cavalrymen who made the attack were mounted on mere ponies. They rode close to the Greek lines, fired and then retired with a loss of thirty men. The Greek cavalry pursued them. It is re- ported they captured nine men and nine- teen horses. The retreat of the Greeks from Epirus remains a mystery. The en- tire Greek loss in that province is esti- mated at 200 killed or wounded. ATHENS, Grekc, May 2.—The general expectation that a decisive batile would be fought to-day at Pharsala created in- tense anxiety. Groups gathersd in the streets and animatedly discussed the ex- pected combat, but no attack upon the Greek posiiions was made by the Turks. Colonel Tsamavos:, the new Minister of War, and Theotakis, Minister of the In- terior, arrived at Pharsala at noon and reviewed the troops, whose moraie is now described as excellent. Although the Greeks maintained their position at Velestino they suffered serious losses. It is reported that the Turks, when retreating from Velestino, burned ceveral villages. It is estimated the value of provisions and war material captured by the Turks thus far in the camvaign is 4,500,000 drachmas (about $900,000). The deep irritation against members of the royal family continues. Diplomats It1s believed they diccussed the question of sending notes to their respective Gov- ernments in reference to mediation. A dispatch from Arta announces that the Greex force under Colonel Manos, which recently retired to Arta from Pente. pigadia and Phillipiads, has again ad- vanced into Evirus, recccupying Philli- piada, The Turks are strongly entrenched along the road to Janina, the capital of the province. Bozzaris’ brigade of frregular troops left CaESARS Route + 4+ > e e e Map Showing the Lines of March of Caesar and Pompey From Dyrrachium to Pharsalia, standard. Crowds along the line enthu- | siastically cheered the girl, whom they ! compared to Joan of Arc. | She wears the same uniform as the men, and is a good shot. She declares she does not fear death, and will fight in the front rank. Her brother sccompanies her. | CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY, May 2.— | It is officially announced that the Turks | have recaptured Louros, in Epirus, fifteen | miles southwest of Pentapigadia. | | Saad Eddin Pasha, recently appointed commander of the Turkish army in | Epirus, replacing Ahmed Hatiz Pasha, ar- | rived at Janina with eight battalions of | troops Thursday. Eighteen battalions | | are expected to arrive Friday. When | they arrive the Turks will assume the ! | offensive. —_— | PILLAGE AND MASSACRE. | | Moslems Seem Determined | Slaughter All Defenssiess Christlans In Turkey. ATHENS, Grer reaching here show the Turkish soldiery, though checked by officers in the towns, | are committing hideous atrocities in the rural districts of Thessaly. The Albanian troopsat Zarkos, about twenty miles wes: of Larissa, have massa- cred several inhgbitants of that place. Others would doubtless have been killed had it not been for the officers who inter- | vened. | The Albanians seemed determined to massacre all the Christians in tae place, and the officers had much difficulty 1n | rescuing the residents. | The bulk of the population of Thessaly is s badly frightened at the prospect of encountering the Turks tnat they are fleeing to the mountains. It is evident | from the clothing found upon the Turks killed in several attacks upon Velestino | and from articles found on their bodies | | that there was much pillaging when the | | Moslems took Larissa, | The work of equipping the volunteers ana reservists, large numbers of whom have been in the city considerable time | waiting to be sent to the front, is now pro- ceeding rapidly. Squads have already been dispatched to join the forces in | Thessaly. to May 2.—Reports | Scate of Miles VA EGNATIA T, 0% w7, POMPEY'S Rouvte | passed the winter. and Germany a Conference at Paris Is Abandoned. PARIS, France, May 2. cially stated that the preliminaries in ref- erence to Salisbury’s propesal for holding an international conference on the East- ern question which have been proceeding for several days have now been aban- doned. 6., May 2.—The Daily Berlin dispatch ascribes the failure lisbury’s plan to hold a conference in Paris to the opposition of Germany Russia, both of which insist upon Greece evacuating Crete and upon her re- questing the mediation of (he powers to being about am end of the war. poim il ON PHARSALIA’S FIELD. The Great Battle for Supremacy Waged Between Czesar and Pompey. Again the famous field of Pharsalia scems about to become the scene of an | important and may be decisive contest. | Lying as it does in the center of the Greeks' new and best line of defense on the main road from Larissa to Athens, Edhem Pasha must of necessity reduce it before advancing further south. Many times from its first appearance on the page of history (B. C. 480) to the be- zinning of our era was Pharsalia (now Pharsala) the scene of contests and sieges moreor less noted, butallof them dwindle to mere bistorical incidents in comparison with the great battle between Ciesar and | Pompey, June 29, 48 B. C., which finds place in history as one of the twelve most important contests the world has known in point of results—which gave to one man the practical if not nominal coatrol of the mighty Roman empire. The administration of affairs of the Roman world had gradually been taken into the hands of a triumvirate, composed of Grassus, Pompey and Ceesar, who, di- viding the countries controlied by Rome between themselves, managed each his own dominion independently of the oth- ers and really of the Senate, which was largely composed of the creatures and tools of the three. The death of Crassusin battle with the Parthians, June 53, B. C., put an end to the triumvirate and precipitated the con- test for the sole control between Pompey and Cesar. Pompey was in Rome and Cesar at Ra- 240 miles away, where he had Backed by the aristo- cratic party, Pompey sought to strip Ceesar of what power he already had by taking away his legions and finally put- ting himself at the head of the troops on band and by raising fresh leves, pre- pared to march against him. On receipt of the news Cwsar was quick toact. He called the Thirteenth Legion from Tergeste (Trieste) to Ravenna, and with it crossed the Rubicon, the boundary | of his province, on the night of December 16,50 B. C., civil war had begun. Leav- ing Rome unmolested he pushed on down the Adriatic coast, gaining city after city and recruits, until he had Pompey and bis followers shut up in Brundisium (Brindisi). Unable to withstand Cm-ar in Ttaly Pompey crossed over to Epirus, sending Scipio to Syria to raise fresh troops. This was in February, 49 B. C. Cesar did not immediately follow, but turned to the rednction of Pompey’s power in Spain, Italy and Africa. He re- turned to Brundisium (Brindisi) Novem- ber 17, 49 B. C., and on the 28th set sail with seven small legions and 600 horse for Epirus, leaving Antony to follow with the rest. He landed at Pa ®ste (Paliassa), a short distance north of Corfu. on the 29:h, and the same day marched over the high mountains to Oricum and thence to Ap- palonia (Aviona), and on December 2 headed for Dyrrachium (Durazzo), near which Pompey lay, the most important point on the coast, at the terminus of the paved road, the Via Egnaiia from the east, via Therma or Thessalonica (Salonika) to Italy. Efecting a junction with Antony, who had followed him over, landine north of Dycrachium, he sent ge. tachments under Longinus and Sabienus to Thessaly and ZKtoha for forage, and Domitius by the Via Egnatia, into Mace- donia, to head off Scipio, who, recalled from Syria by Pompey on Cwsar's first landing in Epirus, was advancing west from Thessalonica. Engaging twice at Dyrrachium, winning the first ana being It is semi-offi- | badly beaten in the Cmsar decided to move over into Thes- saly and there concentrating all his forces hazard battle again. gained Apvollonia, and alter a short stay there started June 1 for Thessaly. March- ing up the Aous (Vovousa) River, north {of the present city of Janina, he crossed the main chain of the Picdus Monntains by way of the presen town of Metzovo and Zygos Pass, and striking tbe head waters of the Peneus by the same route, by which theinsurgents recently mnvaded Macedonis, followed that stream down to Eginium at the head of the Thessalian Plain, near the present town of Kalabak, the terminus of the railroad irom Volo and Trikkala. Reaching there June 7, he was joined a week Iater by Domitius, who, after some passages nt arms with Scipio | on the Haliacmon (Kara-su) and a nar- row escape from Pompey, had come over the Kbhas:ia Mountains by Velemisti and | Meteora. Starting from Eginium on June 15, leaving Tricca (Trikkala) to his left, be advanced leisurely across the broad and fertile plains, recrniting his ranks and strengtuening the physique and morale of his men, by the rich cities of Gamphi (Gilunthi) which he captured by assault, Metropolis (Karditza) and Pyrgos, which successively submitted, to the Eastern end of the Thessalian Plain, and went into camp on the left bank of the Enipeus River just north of Pharsalia to rest his troops and await Pompey, who was ap- proaching Larissa. Having beaten Camsar at Durrachium Pompey could have crossed back over to Italy and regained it o his side. He decided, however, to join ipio, follow Casar and destroy his army before he could renabilitate it in strength and tone. After pursuing directly for four days, he turned from Asparagium up the Apsus (Skumbia) River, and striking | the Via Egnatia, procesded on to Heraclea (Monastir), where, learning that Scipio had gone south toward Thessaly, he also turned in the same direction, and pro- ceeding by way of Servia and Elassona, joined his lieutenant at Larissa June 21, where the latter had been for a week. Resting his men a few days, he pro- ceeded to find Camsar, having been led to believe that victory would be certain for him. He was abundact!y justified in this belief, as be had nearly if not quite two to one voth of legionaries and auxiliaries, and 7060 horse to Cmesar's 1000. Marching south from Larissa across the plateau, be approached Pharsalia from the east and pitched bis camp on the foothills of Karadja Abmet, near tne south bank of the river Enipeus, five miles from Cmsar's, a very strong position, which he proceeded to further strengthen with castellan or small stone forts on his left and rear. He hoped to induce Cwsar to attack him here on the slope with the river on one flank and the hills on tne other. Cewsar had no such intention. He wanted to bring Pompey to battle, but not on his own chosen ground. Day after day he led out his men and set them in array, advancing each time nearer to the foot of the slope, where Pompey persistentiy stayed. Finally, when about to despair of getting battle on even ground his oppor- tunity came. Pompey’'s friends demanded a battle end under this pressure, on the morning of June 29, he came down from tke slope and took position on the plain about half way between the two camps. His legions were drawn up in three lines, the right resting on the bank of the river, which was very steep and protected by 600 cavalry from Pontus, while his leit touched the rising ground on the other side of the narrow plain. On the elope it- self was posted the main body of his horse. According to Cwmsar there were Getting a_good start | | before Pompey was aware of his move he second battle, } 45,000 men in the three lines and ten deep. The cavalry, light troops and auxiliaries added fully one-balf to this number. Pompey himself took his post with his left wing. The lines extended across the bed of the Phersalilis River, which at this season of the vear was dry. Cesar's whole force numbered 30,000 men, 22,000 of whom wers legionaries. Leaving two legions to guard the camp, he drew up the rest in three lines, covering the whole of Pompey’s front, and placed his small body of horse on his right facing Pompey’s. He took his own post with the Tenth Legion, just opposite his rival. These arrays were 300 feet apart and near the present railroad station, northeast of the present town of Pharsala. After viewing the disposition of the troops Cemsar saw that his chief danger lay from Pompey’s cavalry on his own right, which so far outnumbered his own, and hastily withdrawing from each legion a choice cobort, be made up a fourth line, which 4e piaced behind bis horse and told them of bis purpose in doing so. On this move and the manner of attack the fate of the battle finally turned. Pom- pey’s men were confident of success, while Ceesar’s were determined to win or die. 1t was usual to join battle by both sides advancing toward each other. Pompey made the mistake of keeping his men still in line. Cewmsar well knew the advantage, both moral and physical, of striking a sta- tionary foe with the impetus of a charge, and ordered a rapid advance. At the word his men rushed forward with eager- ness, paused midway for a moment to catch breath and then advanced again. Casting their javeiins they drew their swords and rushed on the enemy, who met them sturdily and bravely. At the moment of this meeting of the legion ar- rays, Pompey’s cavalry, followed by the archers and slingers, had been hurled against Cmsar's small body of horse. Weight told, and the latter were forced back and finally broke. Pompey’s men, believing that victory was in their grasp, began to move off in small bodies to get in the rear of Cwmsar's line. Here Cwmsar’s foresight saved him the day. At his commaund that fourth line, made up at the last moment, ad- vanced to meet the enemy’s horse, These soon broke and fled; then, cutting to pieces the body of slingers and archers, the line wheeled against the left and rear of Pom- pey’s main line while they were locked in contest with those 1n their front. The end was at band. Cesar flung his third or reserve line forward, the others making way for them, and with one charge Pompey’s line was destroyed. Ciesar lost 200 men, while 15,000 of Pompey's soldiers were left dead on the field. Pompey fled to his camp, as did most of hismen. Casar followed up at once and soon cap- tured it. Pompey mounted his horse and fled with a small escort to Larissa, and thence by the Vale of Tompe up the coast to Thissalonika. Pharsalia was won and the world was Cmsar's. NoTE—Where the ancient names of localities have undergone a change the modern name is given in parenth KING OF 314M NOI COMING. S0 the Amarican Officials Need Not Worry Avout His Heception. NEW YORK, N. Y., May 2.—Siamese Consul-General Smith received to-day from London a cablegram in reply toa letter asking whether the King of Siam would visit the United States at this time according to the published reports, taking the Pacific ocean route home. The cable- gram 1eads: Yours received. Cable reports incorrect. The King is unable to visit America at this time. A letter posted for you on the 27th of April. KIENDDHA, Acting Siamese Minister. CUBANS ARE Y T Weyler’s Reports as to Pacification Are Untrue. INSURGENTS FIGHTING NEAR HAVANA. Gencral Castillo Gives a Most Interesting Statement of His Campaign. FIERCE CONFLICTS IN WHICH €PANIARDS LOST. Dol Rey, Who Was So Badly Beaten by Garcla, Wil Be Sent Back to Spaln. HAVANA, Cusa, May 2.—General Wey- ler left to-night to assume charge of mili- tary operations in Santa Clara province. General Adolot Castillo, a prominent Cuban leader of Havana province, makes the following signed statement: “The mendacity oi Weyler's report about the pacification of Havana and Pinar del Rio provinces is evident, be- cause since March the revolution in these provinces has been stronger than ever. I can certify to the operations of the forces under my immediate command, March 4 I took by force the important town of Guines in Havana province. I remained there with many troops six hour and paraded through the streets. May 8 I took also by force of arms the town of Bejucal in the same province. As in Guines I retired only after my soldiers had provided themselves with all kinds of goods and all the ammu- nition in the town. In both places 1 severely punished our enemies and spies in the service of Spain. *On March 12 I captured a valuable Spanish convoy. Bix big carts loaded with ammunition fell into our hands. March 28 my cavalry fought the Spanish cavalry near Guines. The Spanish regi- ments of Pizzaro and Villaviciosa, 1000 men each, were routed by my 700 cavalry- men. ‘At the first shock twenty-two Spaniards were killed and seven made prisoners. Our losses were six killed and fifteen wounded. Then the Spaniards fled in disorder, and pursuing them we killed some thirty more. ““On April 1, obeying orders from Gen- eral Rodriguez, I passed over to Pinar del Rio province. At EL Breijo we had a & terrible encounter with a Span- ish column. I was told in the column was our capiured leader, General Rivera, I ordered the charge with machetes in order to come to hand to hand fighting. General Rivera was not there, but the result of the action was the Spanish lost a lientenant-colonel, a major, leader of the vanguard, and & caplain, besides some hundreds of soldiers. “On April 3, near Mariel, |I narrowly escaped b:ing captured. With a smail detachment of my forces I was reconnoi- tering the outpostsof that town, when I fell into ambush. A Spanish seldier col- lared we, but I had time to stab him with NEW TO-DAY. Many a boy starts out in life with the firm determination of conquering the world. He means to achieve success and wealth and fame. His inten. tions are , and his will is strong. If he has the bodily strength to cary him through, hie efforts will be crowned with achievement. Bod- jly strength and health are his great- est capital. Without them he can hope for nothing. How many young men and young women are cat off 7115% when the future seems brightest and fullest of promise! They are taken away by the disease which causes over one-sixth of all the deaths in th world—the disease which doctors call cog. sumption. Consumption has been consi erad incurable, and the medical profession has never made a greater mistake than this. There is absolutely no reason in the world why consumption should be fatal —why it should be even serious. It is a disease of the blood, and can _be cured absolutely and always by purifying and enriching the Blood. The only exception to this is the case where the disease has been neglected and improperly treated until it is stronger than the body—until the body has become 50 weak as to have lost the ability to recu- perate. Dr. Pierce’s Golden Medical Dis- covery will cure o8 per cent. of all cases of consumption if used according to direc- tions. It also cures all lingering coughs, bronchial and throat affections. There is mo reason why the child of consump- tive parents need ever have consum tion if its blood and lungs are ulre.nktg: ened by the proper use of the *Discove ery.” All who have any reason to feaf consumption, should read the chapters om that disease in Dr. Pierce’s Common Sense Medical Adviser. This of 1008 pages, profusely illustrated, has seached a sale of over 680,000 copies. It will be sent free of charge on receipt of 2t one-cent stamps to cover cost of mailing only. World’s Dispensary Medical Asses siation, uffalo, N, t medical work