The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 28, 1897, Page 10

10 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28 SCUSSED INDUSTRIAL SUBJECTS The Second Day Session of the Woman's Con- gress. MAYOR PHELAN READS A PAPER. College Professors Deliver Ad- dresses Upon Timely Subjects. A SCCIETY FOR MOTHERS OR- GAN'Z:3D. Men Jom in the Discussion and Ad- vanc: Theories Founded on Experiznce. The second day’s session of the great congress of women differed materiaily from thatof the opening day. It wasa restiul session. The atmosphere of *“un- settlednes-” had been dissipated, and visitors, mer and officers alike en- joyed the peaceful celm begot of satisfac- tion and reco, »d success, There were no “'stars” to be introduced. Mrs. Gardener did not appear till Iate in ie atzernoon, and the picturesque figure e Brahmacharin was missine. committes had fixed up a bit. were bright, fresh flowers on the stage, and that absence of a suitable background” that had worried the more esthetic members was supplied by a grace- ful bunching of palms and the shining leaves of tne rubter tree. \bers Many new faces were noticed in the au- dience, and none were missingz. The new- comers were nearly sll voung, pretty and the sessi n that touch of essentia ess, without which no woman-gatliering seems complete. Some of the ladies in the audience were con- siderate enouch to remove their hats, and many carried notebooks to jot down those gems of thought that fell from the lips of the gified speakers. ‘here were a larger number of men present than on the opening day, and they contributed & spirit of combativeness 10 the proceedings. Mayor Phelan’s paper especially aroused them to action. While Lwo arose to con- gratulate and comment, two others in eloquent outbursts picked holes in his theories and in turn propoanded aques- tions that remaine | unanxwered. The Mayor advanced the theory that closing the avenues of one branch of in- dustry was invariably the means of open- inz another and frequentiv in a more re- munerative channe.. R. T. McIver made a strong objection to this fashion of reasoning, «nd declared that 1t was wrong | 10 encoursge the youth to beco; for what work had we to offer the skiiled workman of to-day? *Wnat would we have to offer the workraen of the future?"’ Encouraging applause spurred Melver on to a more detailed discussion and rewarded him at the close for his noble, well-put logic. Mrs. Swift, as on the open e artisans, g day, did the nonors of the convent with a grace- ful tact. Each speaker was introducea with kindly courteous words that imme- diately established a feeling of sympathy betwaen lecturer and auditor. In the morning there was no session. The board of lady managers met and dis- cussed finances, and_incidentally the sub- ject of provicing a ball for Friday night. Golden Gate Hall is let for a dance on Friday evening, and consequently it be- came a malter of securing another meeting-place or of postponing the Fr day programme to Sunday. The latter was finally decided upon. While the ladies were deliberating the in many ladies interested were attending a meetin the First Unitarian Church. The exact purpose of the meeting was set forth tobe to form an organization *“to unite all versons, and especially mothers, who wish to keep in touch with the new movement in child study; to stimulate mothers to study their children and educate themselves in the principles ana facts that underlie the wisest child- training; to unite home and school mo:e inteiligently in the work of education; to make the lome a recognized educational instituiion, in line with the kindergarten, the school and the university.” To-duy there will be Lhree morning, afternoon and evening. THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS. They Are Discussed at Woman’s Congress. The industrial arts occupied the atten- tion of the speakers at the Woman’s Con- gress yesterday. Each Jecturer dealt with the subject in that concise manner that aenotes a profound thinker and deep ob- server. George Merrill was the first speaker in- troduced. Hisexcellent paper was listened to and solemnly applanded. Among other things the gentleman sai1 The manual-training idea came to America througn the Russian educational exhibitat the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876. It was PUL 10 test in the Mass: cuusetts Institute of Technology. Itsgeneral introduction, was by means of cer tain newly established institutionsaf hig school grade. The St. Louis Mazual Training School was the first of its kind in America. he development oi the msnual-training idea from this earliest stageto its present status presents various phases,of which the following is & convenient synopsis: 1. Mulziplication of schools of the St. Louis typeand the extension of their programmes 10 include courses for girls. 2. Extension of woodwork into the higher erammar grades, and for ordinary grades knifework exercises of American origin. 3. The Sloyd movement, of Swedish origin. 4. The amalgamation of 100lwork, drawing, sewing. cookery and the kindergsrien into & continuous graded course of ma.-ual training, or all grades from the kindergarten to colleg Manual iraining and trades schoois have little in common except their equipments. In methods, scope and purpose they are rad cally different. Manual training has extended its resources greatly within the last few vears. It was originally ‘a training, not in, but by means of, or through the agency of, exercises borrowed here and there from various indus- trial pursuits. It alms primarily to educate, 10t 10 give a knowledge per se of this thing or that thing, butslmply to train and develop; that is, o educste, in the ordinary and.broad- estsense of thatterm. Itis s matter of the acquizidon of Intellect by means of in- struction in toolwork, drawing, sewing, cook- ery, or any other handwork—and it does not matter whether this instruction is given in the kindergarien, the common school or the hig| school. In the trades school this discipline fs purely inciden t; if aimed at at all it is made & matier of secondary importa What is sought in the trades school is the acquirement of skill in the use of the materials, wols and appliances that pertdin to some one pursuit, purely for the sake o: the doilars and cents 16 e acquired eiterward from this particular knowledge, In this case the lstruciion given the congress sessions, the of mothers at | | | I | | schoolmen i L il In Glasgow trades schools direcily promote the shipbuilding, the cnemical and the tex- tile manufactures of the Ciyde valley. The Manchesier municipal technital sehools in- t spinning and weaving school. in rything pertaining to those indus- ught in such & manner as 10 assure the maintenance of Manchester's supremacy in the textile industries. A scnool ot artand design aud several important schoois of me- chanicalarts and engincering and practical trades are also esiablished. The most recent authority on these subjects says that Engiand now fee:s thatshe has iound in technical education ths best form of protec- sion for her industiies, Certainly ihal pro- tection which comes from the merit of the articie itseli, commundiog a purcaaser by its superiority, is a protecion that will be su- | perior to wiilaws, sna, as we have seen in 100 er that is raised vetween it and the mar- | bar { kets | Lue complaint which has been mude sbout our education is that it is of such a character that it unfits men for mrnual toil rather than qualifics them for it, aud as productive or ity of men, and as it is desirable that it bé so ior the individual's own good and for the ad- vancement and prosperity of_the country, the character and form of education become & matter of most vital importance 1o the welfare {01 ity and Siate. The University of Caliior- nin was ihe recipient of land grants condi- tional upon its devoting a iarge part of its work—which it is doing—to the uppiication ot scientific knowledge to the commercial, agri- cultural and manufacturing employmen The Lick School in San Francisco, with small capacity, itis troe, is working on these lines, and recently, by the death of 1wo | philauthropists, J. € Wilmerdiug and Charles | Lux, other schoois of a similarcharacier wiil be provided, and hence the future gives glimmerings' of promise. But the munici- | pality is doing practically nothing. Iu your | Hme probably’tiece were no facilities o ac- 1 other iabor 1must be the lot of the vastmajor- | | SPEAKERS AT THE WOMAN’S CONGRESS YESTERDAY. is in itself the end sough'—an industrial end; in manual training,on the contrary, tne in- dustrial trafning serves oniy as a means o n higher end—a means of educating. With this difference implied in its limitations, the ad- tive industrial is eppiied to both. The extent to which manusl training has been incorporated in the course of study is very different in different localities, but in nearly every instance it has won recognition on purely pedsgogical grounds. By this I mean (0 say that It has been accepted by edu- ~ators only after it has satisfied their notions of the theory of education. But with all this itis & question whether it would have had fair trial to show its pedagogical sounduess had it not been backed up by the moral and financial support of the general community, which has not been ultogether favorably di: posed toward educationsl theories. ‘here was a time when schools were supposed to exist jor the sole purpose ol diffusing usefal kuowledge. But nowadays this is regarded by educators es a secondary consideration; with them the first thought is the training and development of the cniid. And there is the root of the co.troversy between and the more practical peope. The educational importance of & subject 1s measured by its disciplinary value; its eco- nomie hnportance depends upon the amount of useful "knowledge it contains. Untii the advent of manual trainiag the educational tueory seemed to trend more and more away irom economie cousiderstions,and the coni- mon-school curriculum became more un more & subject for adverse criticism, until there seemed to be some truth in the parod that defined a school as & place for “‘the co fusion of useless knowledge.” In conclusion, it is the general consensus of opinion among those most intimately con- cerned with the industrisl affdirs of the American people that our schools should be productive of more practical results; that through them an industrial instinct should be developed as the predominant trait of Ameri- can citizenship. And in response to this de- mand I beifeve that the theory of educatio the | will witness a reversion 10 economic consider- ati 1{ it is the business of the schools to make cltizens then the economic and educa- tioual cannot be divorced. In many ways are they affiliated, ana the closeness of this affilia- tion wili increase rather than diminish. so 1 am couvinced that the present lendency toward industrialeducation will continue at an accelerated rate, and that its progress will lead 10 the introduction of an industrial el ment of some kind into every grade of the common school. By this I mean merely to point out the di- reciion in which we are trending; as regards pariiculars of the conditions that will prevail ien or twenty years hence I would not venture 100 strong an opinion. Thus far the import- ance of industrial education has been urged by extremists, and likewise it has been op- posed by extremists. Both sides are right and both are wrong. Each proclaims the truth, but not the whole truth. The msjor portion of the ola-time curriculum is vaiuable and should be preserved against all innoyations; but it is equally true that the branches have in them a large element of good. In time the best of emcu will be ex- tracted and combined, and thus will there be evolved a new education, the ultimate details of which it seems not’in the power of the human mind to predict, but surely it will tend to harmonize with the industriel activ- ity that promises to be the ruling spirit of the twenueth century. Mayor Phelan followed Mr. Merrill, Mrs. Swilt introduced him by sayine: “Our worthy Mayor, who aiways does the graceful thing and says the wise one.” Mayor Phelan’s address wus as follows: What interests men and women who are hard at work in & great city, in whose life and whose development tney are wrapped up and of which they become consciously or uncon. sciously & part, is the industrial possibilities of the place and what the future holds. the bexinning the peaceful destiny ot America nas been its most prominent characteristic. Waen the Old Worid was torn with turmoil, wars and social upheavals, blighted trade and scattered commerce, America was looked upon 88 the certain future field of the world’s great- estindustriai and commercial achievements. 1t appearcd, indeed, an inviting field for man’s euterprise and indusiry, where he could work without molestation. Napoleon, aiter the cession of Louisiana, expressing & sentiment which no doubt inspir:d him to make favorable terms with Jefferson, ex- cinimed, “I have given to England a rival which will sooner or later humble her pride.” When the social fabric of France was shaitered und an exhausied people, drained of appe entiy every resource, stood with empty hunds us the gaunt monuments of destroyed indus. tries, Carlyle, mocking Burke’s words, said, ““The age of chivairy is gone and could Dot but £o baving now produced the siill more in- domitable age of hunger.” All eyes were turned toward the New Worid. At that time there were practically no manufactures. Life Was comparatively simple. Amusements were few. Agriculture was the principal occupu- tion of the people. But by degrees, with the growth of manu- factures, cities developed wonder{uily in pop- utation, numbers and extent, until the habits of the ‘race were changed and the siatus of man & a (00l-using Animal was re-establishea on new lines Machinery fostered this new tendency by cutting down the numbers en- gaged in and the remuneration paid for Agri- cultural employment on the one hand an by giving enormous scope 10 the manufacturing enterprises on the other. And those cnunges are going ou to-day. Men lose employment in the ‘cities by reason of 1abor-saving. devicos. and skilled mechanics have to learn new arts or trades in order to subsist. Whilo this works great individual hardshipin many in. stances, stll it {s something that eannot and will not be restrained, and which will ulti. mately, by cheapeniag the cost of production and adding to the comforts of life, compensate for apparcnt injury and loss. Another field opens irom the one that is closed. And yet it 15 hard to convince the disemployed man of these incts. In the life of Benjamin Franklin you will resd & curious story of how one morning, while Frauklin was in London, the King decided to wear his own natural hair. Up 10 tiat time every gentleman wore a wig. industriai | From | | At once the wigmakers held a meeting and petitioned his Majesiy to cease from wearing hls own naturai hair, because their trade would be destroyed. | “They “enumeratea the |engaged in it and said, n and conclusive argument, that in their places French barbers and hair-dress- ers would come across the chaunel and take the bread out of their mouths and the shingles off their roofs. Now, what would you have done in that case? The King con- | tinued t0 wear his natural hair. and every | gentleman in the iand jollowed his example, and the wigmakers lost their employment. Butine short lime the wigmakers’ sons be- came barbers and hair-dressers nd found & | more extensive employment, because Wwhereas i & wig would last for & very long time the hair | of a man will grow and be in neea of dress | ing. And probably in the United Kingdom a great deal more money was spent for this rea- son in tne barber’s chair tuan formerly ever had been spent in the wigmaker’s shop. So men engaged in industrial employments may be short-sighted in their demands,and re- centiy 1 saw, to my surprise, that associa- | tion (of the Brotherhood of Engineers aud Trainmen, 1 believe) petitioned ihe Legisla- ture of one of the Middle Western States not reduce fares and freights because their es would possibly be reduced. I ao not know what the Legisiature did, but I am sat- isfied (hat if they reduced fares ana ireights the increased volume of business would com- | pensatie for the loss which the petitioners had imag.ned would ensue. Itis always & saie rule to consider the inter- ests of the greatest number 1n all these mat- | ters, beceuse, in cese railroad fares and freights are uppressive, » man caunot get his goods to market, or, in getuing them to markel, makes & fored contribution to the common carrier, which absorbs his profit anda visits the com’ y with chronic depression and peren- nial hard times; and no employe is either safely secure or rewarded in_his ¢mployment where whole communities of men suffer from | & real grievance or wrong. Wiih these changing times, fashion inviting | and invention compelling change, there 18 no certainty in employment unless & deep foun- dation in technical knowledge is laid, or a man’s versatility be broad and his adapta- bility to new condilions be easy. A man must, in these days, be progressive and move with | the age in wuich he lives. There is nothing | 50 staple that is not subject to the law | of change or to the exigencies of accident. You will remember in “Hamlet” how the two oia grave-diggers conversed. One propounds { ihe conundrum, “What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright or the carpenter?” snd the answer is, “The grave-digger, because the house tnat ne makes lasts till doomsday.” That seemed agood answer in Hamlet's time, but in our modern cities we move even the graves of the dead; cemeteries change their locations, and even'the grave-digger himseif )8 superseded by the fireman who attends the cremadory. Certainly ¢ i€ of the great duties of a well- ordered muuicipality thatabsorbsin its greedy maw such Vast popu ations, tempiing the farm- | er’s boy irom his native fields, and bringing up & progeny of its own which throng its streets, is | 1o keep every one if possible weli employ Tne trades unions limit the number of appren- tices in the industrial trades and the hard life of the seaman keeps the city bred boy a; home. Here employment on the sea has iis draw- backs, on the land its limitations. Now, the | city must overcome these limitations and | arawoacks. In this great port training-ships should accustom the boys 10 the sea and teach | them the duties of a sailor, so that they wilk ultimately take the piacé of the hardeued | Juck tar (who is now ruled by brutality and 1orce) and give the merchant marine service aclass of men worthy that fascineting and venturesome, honorabie and_heroic vocation, which in ali ages has been the forerunner and the ieeding siream of national prestige and | commercial supremaes. But in order to have trade we must give well as receive, and the city that produces nothing, nothing shall she get. The com- merce of San Francisco is with the islands of the Pacific and the great Oriental shores be- yond, and their wants we must studiously eul- tivaie. But in order to compete in the mar- kets ol the world, we must produce the best, or as good as the best, and in order to give employment to our pecoie and bring wealth 10 our community we cannot continue as we have been doing, in purchasing goods made in Germany and in France and in England, or continue to import skilled labor wheuever any manufacturing enterprise is projected. The secret of the success of the great European cities, among other thiugs, consists very inrgely in something that wé have not fos- tered, nor has any American community con- picuously encouraged, and that is (he estab- iishment of sehuols 1o give trade und ®chni- cnl education. When we mention the name of Paris we &t once conjure up in our imagina- tion everything that 1s dsinty, beautiful and artistic, and looking for the source ot Parisian success we at once see that even in the pri- mary schools manual training, the rudiments of design and familiarity with 100ls are incul- cated. From the primary school the pupil mey go ai13intoa trade as an apprentice, and pro- vis.on is made for the continuance of his studies either in the cvery-day classes or in nignt schoois. If he desires 1o quality for the civit service of his country tuere are high schools 1o that purpose. 1f he goes in for skilled trade, there age professional colieg 1o impari technical knowledge, and they all bear directly on ihe irades which re profit- ably conducted In France. They teach work in wood and iron and in the decorative arts. They teach chemistry and physics, furniture and upholstery, making printing, lithogra- phy, bookbinding, pholography, photogravure and muny new mechanicai branches of the re- productive arts. There are schools for girls in which dressmaking and millinery and various other indusirial arts as well as domestic occu- paiions are made the subject of patient care. But the peculierity of these schools is that they teach those indusiries which are best adapted to tne localitics in which the sChools are ex- tablished, as at Lille, in the north of France, for examble, young men aro trained in the knowledge of the great textile and mechanical industries which thrive in that region. And what we say of France can aiso bs said of Eng- land and Scotland, number of men as a final | which, whiie exiremely | superintendence. quire & knowledge of a trade or & profession or | &n art in schoois where men are uncon- | sciously guided ana where young boys and girls apply themselves to studies in the selec- tion of which they have no choice, and hence probably you received a general education, desirable in itsell, 1§ not inconsistent with the knowledge of some useful handicrait, trade or professior:, which would be a delight and & pleasure, & ready means of livelihood and & substantial contri- bution to the wealth and prosperity of the place in which you live. The productive industries of & community yield the best returns. It is the man who makes the blade of grass grow where none grew before, who creates something usetul or beautiful out of the crude material, wao is in | ithe best sense & benefaclor. Toward such | benefaction it is possible for every man to contribute, no matier what may be his means or his condition. The producer cannot stand a.one, In every scheme of industrial employ- ment there is provision made, even by the cold political economists, for the wages of Yet 1he farmer in tne in- terior calls the merchant of San Franeisco t toll-gatherer at the gate. The producer looks with suspicion, never appreciating their value, upon what he calis the middiemen; but the middlemen are as necessary a part of the vcon- omic machine as the producer himsell. What avails production unless that which is pro- duced is exchanged for something of value, and the producer cannot both produce and become his own agent in the markets of the world, which is properly the field of com- merce and trade. Now every man who is en- gaged 1n the store or shop or the commercial house who aids in bringing the buyer and the seller tozether performs & vital and im- | portant function, and his employment is just as honorable and just as useful as any other. The hopes of mankind have not been disap- pointed in America. She has vindicated her destiny of peace. Wide acres and weax neigh- bors have wnade the task easr. She has given dignity to labor and destroyed the false pretensions of the “age of chivalry.” Not only is {abor made honorable, but every honorable American seeks, rather than shuns, labor; and every community skould see that the labor of its citizens 1s made ussful, and be directed into chennels which will be the most remunerative o the man and the most advan- tageous 1o the State. ‘hese are the tendencies of the times, and let us hope that out of them great good wili come; and that the hero of the future will not neceasarily be “the man on horseback”—not alone the man who on occasions fights for his country, but he who, in whatever capacity he may be employed, whether it be af0ot or shorse, makes his country worth fighting for. After Mayor Thelan’s paper. which caused considerable discassion, Mrs. Eva V. Carlin was introduced. Her paper on *Child Labor” was in part as follows: ‘The sir is full of new cries for the better- ment of human life; there isa sound of the gathering ana remarshaling of new .orces and the reorganization of oid ones, impelling ail practical, sweet-soulea humanity to remedy the present social situation, aud tnere is no call 30 instant und relevant as that raised in the interest of wage-earning chidhood. The problem of the children is the problem of ti State. In child-saving lies social redemption: in childnood’s ireedom is unfolded the life of the future {reedom of the race. “Saturday’s child must work for its living,” and the fact that thousands of children en- gsged in continuous toil and deprived of ail that makes life happy is accepted as the in- evitable sentence, from which there is no escape. Need puts the child to work when he should be at school. His labor causes low 'ls.l for adults, thus increasing the need and greed of parents, and employers complete the injustice. Californin ntiows children to be employed ten hours per day, and the num- ber of such toilers is on the increase amoug us. Professor Elmer E. Brown brought the afiernoon session to a clo:e by his paper on ““Technical Schools of California.” Among other things Professor Brown said We are & Nation of idealists. Our public school system is evidence of our idealism, Even those who insist that our education be made more practical insist that first of all itshall be broad and liberal It is a great thing for our democracy that it has had this insight. But there is another aspect of our education whieh is not 50 generally understood, but is worthy of the most serious consideration. It may be stated in the form of a_principle sup- plementary to that broad and liberal :den of our education. I may venture 10 state that principle in the following words: Public edu- cation in each of 112 main divisions should lerminate in the mastery of some occupation D iife. ‘The remainder of the paper was occu- pied with the exposition of this principle and its application to California condi- tions. s e EVENING SESSION. Two Speakers Held the Audlence Spelibound Until the Close. ‘Woman, lovely woman and otherwise, married and single—mostly single, but self-reliant and independent; intellectual, sympathetic, refined, non-giggling women for the greater part; the new woman of brain and bravery to solve life’s problems and to battle with life's ills, filled every nch of sitting room during the evening session. ” Miss Katherine Felton read a paper on the subject, “The Importance to Women of a Knowledge of Economic Lawsand Industrial Conditions,” and her. tieat- ment of the subject was all that couid be desired, although the nine-vear-old sta- tistics quoted by her would hardly apply to the Ppresant industrial condition brought many instances, is en'ivied to leap over every | about by the increased output of labor- saving machinery. Miss Felton devoted considerable time to the discussion of the matter of the eu- croachment by women upon the domains of labor hitherto man’s own. Their com- petition in certain, lines had reduced wages, and men had been forced to accept like wages or abandon their work. There was, however, one notable excep- tion—the Lancashire weavers, who took women inio their unions and demanded for them the same wages that were being paid to the men. | The speaker quoted from the statistics of Carroll D. Wrignt of the Department of Labor, which statistics were collated in 1883, to illuminate certain aark problems |of the labor issue. Inquiry of 17,472 women, textile workers, brain workers and domestic servants excluded, gave the average sge at 22 years ana 7 months, showing that the working women in our great cities are working girls. Of the | whole number only 745 were marned and living with their husbsnds. The average ave of 1032 working women in Boston was 24 years, only seven of whom were married, not including widows, but including those who had been separated from their husbands. In 1889 of the working women of Mass: chusetts two-thirds were under 30 years old aca only 11 per cent married, includ- ing widows. It appears from these old statistics that | married women formed but an insign:fi- cant proportion of the whole numbve. en- gaged in work, and that the number of married men permanently displaced by women had not increased. Women seemed destined to take the routine mental work, and m-n would have to seek for scmething higher. As the introduction of machinery hud been con- ducive to the weil bemng of society, 30 would the introduction of woman into the field of labor be conducive to that end likewise. Helen Gardiner, the popular authoress, whose works breathe the spirit of the newer and the freer age, was intro- appearance is not at all suggestive of biue stockings. On ti.e contrary, she is a sweet- faced, swee.-voiced little woman, all goid and no brass. Her manner suggests the proverbial modesty of merit. She began by iaking issue with Miss Felton’s statement that women were not and would not be successful as civil en- gineers. It happened to be a matter of knowleige with ber that one of the great est engineering feats ever performed in the world was by a woman, the des‘zning and construction of the Brooklyn Bruige. It was not generally known that a woman did it. The mun who undertook the task b-oke down and lost his sight, and all the mathematical work and calculation and engineering were done by a woman. It was not wise to tell it at the time, but it was a fact. It wasnot wise at the time to tell that Miss Carroll of Maryland planned Grant's campaign in Tennessee, but Grant ad- mitted that such was the fact. Had 1t | been announced at ihe time it was fearea that Lhe soldiers would not have had con- fidence in the plan of campaign and that this lack of contidence would have had a very bad effect. £ A large part of the most skillful work of the great New York Aqueduct was done by a woman. This ended Miss Gardener’s little talk, and then a most d streasing thing hap- pened. A poor male of midale age, a demi-brunetie, arase out of a cloud of women in the rear of the hall and asked whether the woman who did the work for the Brookiyn bridge was not the wife of the engineer who went blind, and whether, if that were true, it should not redound to the man’s glory. There was a smile on the face of the wretched man as he asked the question. His manner was respect:ul and deleren- tial, as it should be, but his presumption in di Congress was met with a thousand- pound horsepower icy glare from the of- ficers on the stage which put him on coid storage. Nobody noticed the miserable wretch and he was left to take what con- solution he could out of a few glpgles from a knot of good-looking young women who had never attended a Woman’s Congress before. Professor Henry T. Ardley of Berkeley was the next speaker. His subject was “*Art in Industry,” and his remarks were illustrated with a big portfolio of draw- ings, colored and in biack and white. The ' professor’s lecture was really three lectures condensed into one, and the hour and a ha'f aliotted to him was really too short for the scope of the subject. He spoke of decorative art and illus- trated the manner in which naturai ob- jects, particularly flowers and foliage, were conventionalized so as to conform to the laws of dual symmetry, and to fit the panel, the vase or the f:ame which they were ‘designed to fill. His hearers were surprised to learn tnut $7,000,000 was sent out of this country last year for designs made in Europe for decorative purposes. This money should have been earned by American men and women. England, France and Germany were filling our stores with drapery, china and jewelry that should be mude at home. The fir>t step toward a knowledge of de- signing is iree-hand drawing, and it should be taught in all our schools. One does not have to be borne an artist in or- der to learn to draw, nor must one be born a poet to learr: to write. After free- band drawing come designing and historic ornamentation. Geometry, nature and history are the subjects of designs. Designs are often the outgrowth of accident, and contrast, repe- tition and symmetry were the es:entials. In iron pyrites, crysiailized quariz and snowflakes could be found every geomet- rical design ever made or that ever would be made by the hana of man. 8tress was laid upon the value of tan- gential curves. The Egyptians 3300 years ago understooa this principle, and as proof of this statement the lecturer ex- nibited the picture of a conventional papyrus plant carved at that time. Copies of designs on Greek vases, mosa- ics from Pompeii, designs from the Al- bambra and examples of the Rococo styie which marked the decadence of the Re- naissance, and which would give the spectator the delirium tremens to look upon, were exhibited. At the close of the evening session the chairwoman announced that Dr. Beecher woulid read a paper this morning. HARDINGER’S LUCK. He Gets Rich Piacer Mines in the Cara- baya Sandia District In Chile. F. de Miranda, one of the owners of the stesmer Madeleine, now in port, and own- ing interests in large oil wells in Pern, who is at the Palace, kas received a letter from a personal friend in Chile, w! says that Mr. Hardinger, long interested in oil wells at Los Angeles and elsewhere, has made a big gold discovery in Chile. “It is at Cuzco, in the Carabaya Sandia placer district in the depariment of Puno, in the interior, or rather away from the coast,”” said Mr. de Miranda. ‘‘His mines are placer, too, and are said by my cor- respondent to be pnenomenally rich. Mr. Hardinger is well known, not only in San Krancisco, but in other parts of Cali- fornia. He operated in oil for a long time at Los Angeles. ““Thousands of men have for some time past been leaving Iquique to go (0 these gold mines. Iquique is very duli. Noth- ing_almost is being done in the nitrate business, There were from 40,000 to 45,000 workmen having their headquarters in Iquique and about there, ani many of these have left for the gold mines. Thou- sands are leaving now. There is a big excitement there. “Some half dozen big English syndicates are operating in the Carabaya Sandia dis- trict. There appears to be lots of gold there.” Mr. de Miranda's steamers operate on the west coast and carry oil from his welle, which are at Grau, in the province of Tumbez, Per TO CURE A COLD IN;ONE DAY. Take laxative Bromo Quinine Tablets. All drug- &ists Tetund the money i i Lails to curey 20c duced by the chairwoman. Miss Gardiner’s | ng to ask the question of a Woman’s | === NEW TO-DAY. AN OPEN LETTER To MOTHERS. WE ARE ASSERTING IN THE COURTS OUR RIGHT TO THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE WORD “CASTORIA,” AND “PITCHER'S CASTORIA,” AS OUR TRADE MARK. I, DR. SAMUEL PITCHER, of Hyannis, Massachusetts, was the originator of “PITCHER'S CASTORIA” the same that has borne end does now bear the fac-simile signature of This is the original * PITCHER'S CASTORIA” which has been used in the homes of the mothers of America for over thirty Jyears. LOOK CAREFULLY at the wrapper and sce that it is the kind.you have always bought, on every 7z s wrapper. XL onthe and has the signature The Centaur Company of President. March 8, 1897. | Do not endanger the life - e NTAUR COMPANY. TY MURRAY STREET, NEW of wrap- per. No one has authority from me to use my name except which Chas. H. Fletcher is Ot Fbskesor ., Do Not Be Deceived. of your child by accepting a cheap substitute which some druggist may offer you (because he makes a few more pennies on it), the in- gredients of which even he does not know. “The Kind You Have Always Bought” BEARS THE FAC-SIMILE SIGNATURE OF Insist on Having The Kind That Never Failed You. % orry. SHE WEDS' AN ATTORAEY Nuptials of Miss Lauretta Cook and J. C. Apple- white. s Adele Ro tarz Will Marry Prc. fessor J. J B. Argenti on Tu sday The wedding of Miss E. Lauretta Cook and J.C. Applewhite, the young attorney, was | quietly celebrated on Friday evening, April |23, at the home of the bride's mother, 626 Turk street. Miss Zeala Cook, the little sister of the bride, was maid of honor, and Miss Lillian Wilson ofticiatea as bridesmaid. Mr. and Mrs. Applewhite have gone to Del Monte jor & bridal tour and on their return will occupy their new home at 926 Fillmore | street. In June Mr. and Mrs. Applewhite will | 80 South for a two moutns’ visit. | Miss Adele Rottanzi, sister of Dr.T. A. Rot- | | tanzi and Professor J.J. B. Argenti, will be iwarried on Tuesday next, April 27. The wed- ding will be extremely quiet and only rels- tives and Intimate friends will be present, A very pleasant birthday party was given to Master Willie Sullivan by his parents at their home, 1412 Sacramento street, on Saturd: | afternoon. Among the invited guests were: | Miss Alice Dolan, Beveriy Letcher, Miss Ethel | carr, Miss Irene’ Theddy, Miss May sullivan, Miss Lillian Lacombe, Miss Francis Stewart. Miss Sadie Davis, Fox, Miss Cora Dayis, Frank scMaun, seorgie McDonald, Miss Josie McMann, Marguerite Theddy und Harzy Sullivan. 1 Weanesday evening the Hesperian Whist Club met at the residence ot Mr. and Mrs. J. A, Lowery, 1751 Howard sireet, to con- test for two prizes. The iady's prize was won Dby Miss Kitty Morrison and the gentleman’s prize by F. A. Hooper. At the close of the contest a bountifal colla- tion was served. Among those present were: Miss Kitty Mor rison, Miss Belle Morrison, Mrs. L. J. Moore- Mrs. M. Hooper, Mrs. F. 1. Hooper, Mr: Overend, Mrs. Tda Clevelanu, Mrs. J.S. Dal A. Hooper, Wesley Davis, Anson Reed, W. O.. Warnock Sr., Paul J. Moore and J. A. Lowery. ‘The nex: meeling of this club wil be heia May 5 at_the residence of Mr.and Mrs. F. D. Hooper, 278 San Carlos avenue, The engagement is announced of Miss Helen E. Wright to Charles L. Davis of the San Fran- cisco Savings Union. Miss Wright is the niece of Mrs. H. Paxion and sister of Mrs. Hallock Wright. Charles Davis is the son of Wiiliam H. Davis. He is a Native Son and a member of the Bohemian Ciub. The wedding o1 the young couple will be ceiebrated in June. | Afterward Mr. and Mrs. Davis wii reside, tor the remainder ol the summer at least, in sel- vedere. Miss Marie 8 Wood gave & musicale at her residence, 706 Hayes street, on Friday even- ing. ®he fouowing programme was pre- sented: Sonata, op. 2, No. 3 (Beethoven), allegro con brio, adaglo, scherzo, Miss Marie'S. Wood: (a) Chopin), (b)) “Spinniog - on<” (Mendeis- o lis: (a) Spanish dance ~chut.), Miss ;8 @) ‘‘Bercense’” (Uijinsky), (o) ? (Mcbdelsohn). (o) “Scrensde V.1se” (uedard), Miss Mabel Marke- witz: (a) “Last Hope” (Gouschuik), (b) “Ronde Brilliaote” (Weber), Miss Virzinia Frary: song, “Where’er You Walk” (Hindel). Mr. Fouden: ) rrelude, G flat major (Chopin), (b) rondo, 'Sunata Patbetique” (Heethoveu), Miss Hele. Desmond: song, Wil G. Wood: (@) “Hark, Hari the . ark” (Schubert), (5) “Warum” (Schuinaa ny, (¢) “Ehapsody” (Liszt), Miss Marie > Wood. Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Splivalo entertained on Esster Suvday some friends at dinner. Ferns and calla lilies made a preity iable decora- tion. Among those present were Mr. and Mrs. Spiivaio, Mrs. Tuaffe, Miss Anna Keane, Miss Pauiine Dreyfuss, Miss Gertie Van Dyne, Miss Kate Splivalo, Miss Roselyn Spiivaio, Miss Estelle Splivalo, Dr. C. Barsow, Dr. F. Win burn Dudiey, P. Kemillard, Dr. «. Cagliers, Burbenk Sommers, R. Berwin, P, Sanches, W. Griffin, A. D. Splivalo Jr. and E. R. Spii valo. Ramous Social and Literary Deld at National Guard Hall, 815 Ellis streer Friday evening, Aprii 30, ou'which oconsp the following programine will be presen o Overture, Greanan's Orchestra; opening ad- dress, Miss Margaret Flizgoraid, prestderss vors; S0io, selected, Mins Maud Far' (by conciess nt Ame. Voo Meyerinck); - recltation, selcteq, Migs Anna Daly: Tancy dance Siss At Ko ocal 80.0. selecte sy D. let. Miss Shean’s Dancing Ciass: Mills Quarter Philiips, ‘M. Fay and _A. Society will be Anthony He.n, Thumss J. Woods; Mr. Xerxes Xavier, Insurance sgent, Samuel L Waiicr: wr. Josnua Tick, telegraph Operator, Norman Merri: Miss M. Henn, Anthony’s sister, Miss M. Burn. Miss Jessie tienn, Anthony’s daughter, Miss M. Fitzgerald; Moly, the maid with treacherous memory, Miss M. L. Ragan. The foliowing are registered at rings: J. W. Shannon, Frea C. Peters, homas Crowley, Mrs. J. R. Loosley, Mrs. M. Hise, San Francisco; Miss Adelaide Hanscos Miss M. Grant, Miss I L. Grant, Berkele: A. L. White, Oakiand; Mr. aud Mrs. J. Byrne, San Auseimo; T.J. Hammer, Los Au- eles; William Lon more, A. L. Fisher, A. B. mmon Jr., J. R. Berry, Santa Ros: Merchant, Healdsburg. Hon. and Mrs. Paris Kilburn have returned from Pacific Grove to their residence, Tay lor st. AMiss Elsie Chestnut of Pacific Grove is the Skaggs The Alcott Club gave toa number of friends at the Beresford Hotel last Friday evening. The guests and club members indulged in dancing and games un- ul 11 o'clock, when a mostdefightful coliation was served in Mrs. Venchiarutil’s apartments. Miss Lillian E. Grodziusky of this City, who very eujoyable party Miss Grace Lacombe, Miss | B, | lam, Mrs. J. A. Lowery, Miss Susie Hooper, F. ' Tue initial entertainment and social of the | " Cast of characters: M.1. | guest of Mrs. Paris Kilburn, 1201 Tayior street. | | bss been making a tour of the Eastern States | and portions of Cunada auring the past eight months, is expected home on Tuesday, the th inst Professor J. Clyde Gibson. who has been vis- iting his sister, Mrs. Mary E. Hart of this City, | has recently departed 10r Hawaii to engage in | coffee culture. | “Mrs. M. D. Solomon and Miss Solomon have | returned from their Eastern tour, and are | domiciled at 2013 Bush street. | The engagement is wnnounced of Daniel | Lewis to Miss Flora Bernstein, daughier of Mr. and Mrs. David Bernstein. Joseph Rudee has gone to Ukish to spend | his vacation. | _Dr.and Mrs. F. P. Mann have gone to Pavific | Congress Springs for a month or six weeks to | recuperate. | " Miss Georgia Cayvan w | atadinner viven by Mrs. Johu F. Merrill at | her home on Wushington street and Van Ness | avenue last Wednesday evening. Covers were | 1id for ten. The tabie was handsomely dec- orated for the oceasion and the guests formed & most congenial company. | A GINGERBREAD FETE. Unique Affair to Be Held for the Benefit of thy Childron‘s Hospival. i On Tuesday, May 11, a gingerbread fete, aiter the styie of the Parisien fetes, wiil begin at the residence of Mrs. Clarke Crocker, corner of Sutter and Octavia streets. It will be for the benefit of the Children's Hospital and Training School for Nurses, and will continue for five days and evenings, The entertainment will be carried out on a new and fanciful scale, and promises to be a very unique affair. The spacious houses and grounds have been placed at the disposal of the lady managers of that institution, and will be utilized quite as much as the mansion in pioviding a treat for visitors. —————— Farming by Electricity. Great strides are being made in Ger- many in the way of applying machinery to many lines of industry. But perhaps most remarkable of all is | the application of dynamos to agriculture, supplying the three elements of heat, lignt and productive energy, as weil as labor. On one of the new electric farms a tur-® bine drives a dynamo which lights the barns, yards and dwellings, and furnishes a current of low tension to work pumps, run straw-cutter, lathe, grindstone, large handsaw and thrashing-machine. One machinist sttends to the entire plant, which experience proves has reduced the expenses of the farm in considersble ge. gree. This new method of farming hasalready displaced labor to an extent that is mak- ing farm laborers very anxious. Not only does the ‘“‘electric farmer” compete dis- astrous ¥ with the old-timer, but the eleo. tricity so stimulates the growth of his crops by night that he reaps a double ad- vantage. Wiien one reflects to what a vast extent Germany is agricultural the iatroduction ofan invention that is to make thousands offarm Iaborers unnecessary seems fraught | with serious consequence-.—Boston Globe. —————— Paper floors are in use in Einsiedeln, | Germany. It is laid in a pasty mase smootbed, and then pressed. Footsteps on it are noiseless. 3 —_——— Seven miles an hour is the camel’s limit, nor can it maintain this rate over two hours. Its usual speed is five miles an hou the guest of honor TO-DAY: FREE 70 EVERT HAN. THE NETHOD OF A GREAT TREATHENT KOk WEAKSESS 0F NES. WHICH CURED HIM AFTER EVERY- THING ELSE FAILED, Painful diseases are bad enough, but when a | man is slowly wasting away with nersous weakness the mental forebodings are ten times worse than the most severe pain. There isnoletup to the mental suffering day or | night. Sleep is almost impossible, and nnder such a strain men are scarcely responsibie for | what they do. For years the writer rolled and tossed on the troubled sea of sexunl weakness until it w & question whether he had not Dbetter take a dose of poison and thus end all | his throubles. But providential inspiration came to his &id in the shape of a combination of medicines that not only completely restorad the general health, but enlarged his weal | emaciated paris to natural size and vigor, an: | he now declares that any man who wiil take | the trouble (0 send his name and address may have the method of this wonderful treatment free. Now, when I say free I mean absolutol without cost, beeause I want every \renk.n!s AR 10 get the benefit of my experience. . 1am nota philuuturopist, nor do I pose as en enthusiast, but there are thousands of men gofleriag the mental tortures of weakened manhood who wouid be cured at once could get such a remedy as the one that Do not try to study out how I can aiford 1o pay the few postage-stamps necessary to mail the information, but send for it amy learn that there are a fow things on h that, although they cost uothiag to worth & fortune (o some men And meay e, | ime of nappiness to Thommas Slater, box 2283, K-:-mmwnl‘loun‘: and the informnation will be mailed in & plaia tealed envelope. most of us, [N B