The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 14, 1897, Page 30

ou THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY. MARCH 14, 1897.. Forging the Immense Rudder-Frame of the Cruiser Wisconsin my= HE largest forging ever made on the T!Pnc:fic Coast and probably in the | M9\ United States is now being made at the Pacific Rolling Mills’ plant, out on the | Potrero. The casting is to be the rudder frame for Uncle Sam’s new cruiser, the Wisconsin, which is being built by the Union 1ron Wo The rudder frame when completed will weigh about’ 48,000 pounds. It will be twenty ieet long and will be nineteen feet in breadth. its manufacture will require two months’ labor of twenty-four men, the consnmption of hundreds of tons of coal, and will utilize the force of some of the most powerful machinery in the Wes'. The scene of this forging is most pic- turesque, especially at night when one | could, without much stretch-of the imagi- | nation, liken it «o “Dante’'s Inferno.” | Th e enormous blast furnace belches forth | tlames, from ten to twenty feet in length, | through white-hot bricks, the men move pither and thither from darkness into | light and from light into darkncss, and | their grimy faces and sinewy forms are brought intostrong relief; they shout and yell as the huge mass of metal is swung | into place, and the whole scene reminds | one of the Hades pictures by Dante. Much romanticism might be woven about the scene, but in modern realism that is waved aside, and one considers the | seeming demons moving in and out of | tha circle of flame and glowing iron only as simple laborers, earning their $2or$3 a day; and that the shouting is incidental to the moving of such alarge body and made necessary by the multitudinous noises with which it is surrounded, and realizes that the principal actors in the scene are so.inured to the work, and that it to them is as prosaic and devoid of in- terest as driving a cart is to a teamster or | running a trotley-car is to a mo:orman. To one who has never visited manufac- tories where bulk ‘is the principal feature the spectacle of an enormous ma:s of | white-hot metal, swung about and ham- mered into shape with as much ease as a mother would rock her baby’s cradle, is | most interesting. The scene of the forg- ing of the rudder-frame for the Wisconsin out the center of the large buildings | | pending from it; the props are knocked | the mass of glowing metal is gradually | followed by several others, until the iron | heaped upon the end &nd the forging is 1n all these details the visitor is agreeably startled by a toll, wonderfully sweet, as of a deep-toned bell, which he subsequently learns is an old tire of a car wheel struock by a sledge-hammer. One, two, three, four peals rin - out, and from every quar- ter of the milis men and boys appear. They scurry hither and thither, while their shouts are heard aboyae the roar and din. These seem uninteiligible, but are apparently understood by these sons of Vuican. A boy scrambles up the ladder leading to the top of the great hnmmer and turns on the steam, and one sees the piston rod siiding up and down, as if test- ing its strength. The enorous crane, operated by com- pressed air, is seen 1o rise two or three inches, lifting the forty tons of metal de- out; men pull the bricks from the mouth of the furnace with ten-foot pincers, the furnace door is raised and, with a rush of flame, the end of the rudder frame, look- ing like a great piece of glowing ice, is drawn out. A shower of mixed sand and borax is thrown upon it fora flux, and swung toward the hammer. After much maneuvering the end of the forging, which has all the time dripped sparks as if its heart’s blood was ebbing from it, is rested on the block, and adull thud and showers of sparks indi- cate the hammer’'s first blow. This is is crushed to the required thickness. Then by means of levers and the handles clamped to the “porter-bar” the mass is turned and the four sides shaped. When it has gained the required dimensions the crane swings back, .small bars of iron are returned to the oven, where it remains forfrom four to six hours, until the new metal isin a condition to be thoroughly HALE FROS. 1 New _Silks! French Foulards, Surah Twills, All-Silk Grenadines, - Jacquard Novelties and Satin Brocades— rich, elegant, exclusive. NEW FRENCH FOULARDS, 2l-nch, 4QC the fad in New York for waists. Ask to see them. Ha.e's price.. . Yard SURAH TWILL FOULARDS, large” chrysanchemum-like figures, on dark 7 FC grounds, designs exclusive, 24-inch. | AUHale's... . Yard NEW BLACK GREVADINES, all sllk, 750 24-inch, p'ain checks, very stylisn. [} Hale s price - Yan NEW JACQUARDS, new desigus, new 75C colors, exclusive noveltles, 'twill { grounds, 24-iuch. Hale's price....... Yard weldea, when the same process is re- NEW BLACK BROCADES, fall 29 peated. ¢ inch, large designs, rich, durable mrEGC ‘When the rough shape is finally forged ut.vh:h. one of our specials. Hale’s oa price ... it will be cut off at its junction with the “porter-bar” and sent to the machine- shop to be turned, planed and grooved down to the finished shape, after which it will be transporied to the Union Iron Works, there to become the finished rud- new designs and Hale's W JACQUARDS, colorings, 19 inches wide. PRICE ..cni. oo 35° TR SPRING WELCOMES YOU HERE. HALE BROS. gl AW 1 S\ z, HING LACES SPRING GREETS YOU HERE IN ALL HER GLORY-WELCOMES YOU WITH BOUNTIFUL STOCKS OF DRY-GOOD3 WEAVE SUCH BEAUTY SEEM ALMOST HUMAN. LACES, MILLINERY, TRIM- MINGS AND FLOWERS, RIBBONS AND SILKS TO TELL OF THIS WEEK. ALP NEW—ALL NOVEL—ALL COMFLETE IN ASSORTMENT—ALL AT HALE’S PRICES. The event of the week. FLOWERS. WILD FIOWEES AND GRASS. (50 ES, yellow, 1 dozen flowers an | buds ip a bunch. Hale's price. Bunch HELIOTROPE AND FOLIAGE, 7p5C 100ks most natural, 6 sprays in abunch, Hale's price. .. Bunch PINKS, thenew colors, cerise. ross, 4 50 bengale and rol-oruni. Ha.e's price. Buach AMERICAN BEAUTY, ROSES, very stylish, 1rose, 1bud aud 5(C leaves comprise abunch. Hale’s price. ... ... Bunch CLOVER FLOSSCMS, one dozen 45C in a bunch, some with leaves. 0) Hale's prices, 85¢ and. .. Bunch VIOL] VIOLE 3 doz. for 814 MUSLIN FREN 6 coz. for 2ac sMILLINER M s e s s ololoo s oo s eloe HALE BROS. \ T, D> / ot/ 2 e Jed) 000000 ‘TRIMMINGS. APPLIQUE TRIMMING — The $2.\so Intest fad, all new shades. Hal Prices from 48c to . Yard NEW JET EDGIN G—Cut bea 45° silk back, 15 to 5% inch wi Yard 42° Hale's Prices from 20c to....... NEW COLORED BEAD EDG- ING—New “Oal” bead latest shades. Hale's Prices 26cand. Yard BOLERO JACKETS—Very new, u(.25 jet, silk_and mohalr_com bina- — Uobs. Hale's Prices 81 35t0... Each ALLOVER JACKETS — Nothing newer, in jet, silk and m r combipatiohs, a fad in the Hale's Prices $3 to. . Fach FANCY GIRDLES—Very pretty, G 4.00 just come in, silk and jét. Haie's — Frices $1 to.. Each A ELEGANCE. . LOOMS THAT LLINERY TRIMMINGS. Our great stocks are now complete and await your inspection. 000000000000000-0000000000000000000 HALE BROS. ' h 7 / / © 0000000000000 HEMSTITCHED SHEETS, bleached, the extra large size for big doubl beds. Special COTTON BLANKETS, 3 size. white or RUBBER COMBS, big heavy one inches lon HALE BROS. 2 % 2 2 2 2 % 2= + % % 2 % 2 g 2 3 & 3 2 % % 2 3 2 2 * % & & 2 & % 2 2 = % & 2 2 2 2 3 3 & % 2 2 2 & % k2 3 2 2 % 2 2 % 2 2 % % R Specials! 42;° . Each (Only stomer.) in bazaar. Special, st dfosfosfs s sfod INFANTS SHORT DRESSES, good 3 cambric, embroidery and imitation s ORNAMENTS bemsiiiched_trimmed, full sleeves, > = WOEL 50C. SPECI8l.vorre -eues - Eacn 2. N PIN ¢ | LADIES WHITE LAWN APRONS, 10 % O s e iy 95 Rids, saican syiped border. 29288 123 3 Prices from 356 t Each inches, 20c kind, for. .. Each -'3' SILVER HATPINS_All new, well ] 32C = L. INFANTS WRAPPERS, Australlan © Ce R lfi,%h ook, ansheiakable,uofs fiaish, sizes 20 2 1,24ud & Special . Ean BUCK;]ES_ ‘;mi":mhflg}:?;fi:": 75° ENTS' COTTON SHIRTS, twill .‘3‘ and jet, » big line. o GENT! S ora from 1234¢ to. coreeeeeeees Each ‘cotton, strong, fancy stripes. Special <o) GILT BANDS-So. with Rhine 450 S et s Hale's Prices from 1635c & to.. Each MEDALLIONS—Gilt and Rhine- 1C ‘stone, all new. Hale s Prics. 11«:’::: MAIL DEPARTMEHT. GILT BUITERFLIE: 750 Each R CABISHON ORNAM 5¢ Each SWORD PINS. ... BUCKLE Urnaments. 43¢ and 5 jc Each ] o The newest goods are holding eeficfsciodosfosfosfosfosfusfucgs i and farmsoes of the n:i.in[;-mixilsl. . All| der of the ship that i i:lhoped will be the See Onr Window Display of These Siiks Many Novaltics we have no room | 153 JATEINS: reception. Send for a spring about him the visitor to the mill hears | best in the “white squadron.” to tell of. Come and see them. HES..... naises of diffetant characteis; betokening i The wotk of forging this mass of iron is —_— _ ey T d catalogue and learn of them. the many phasesof work engaged in in | entrusted to Foreman A. W. Probert, one | - SILK POPPIES.. \l 5 The Ladies’ Quter Garment De- et et varemes o werne | & NEW VEILINGS. . Our New| SiHiii: NEW RIBBONS. | Npw |ACES. rdent The noises are bewilddermg to the visitor | in the United States. He has been con- 2 * Veilings have < gl WHITE TAFFETA RIBEONS— . 99C (CONTINUED) partment shows 136 illustrations snd make him start and jump in anticipa- | nected with the rolling-mills for the past i 834 loches wide, fancy eolared: ;e 2 of spring styles. Other - tion of some disaster. Near him a small | six years and has superintended all of the just arrived. All the very lat NEW LACES. A e s s gEE oY ¢ dep?"' steam hammer is throwing thirty tons of | large forgings that have been made there. est novelties—a large assort-| _ =~ o o —— m and FANCY SCOTCH FLALD RIB- 350 new. Hale's Prices ments in proportion. Mailed force into a rod that is cutting through a | He it was who brought to p-rfection the ment—at «Hale’s” prices. coru § i, wide, & larys assort: 4 ()0 1ar for Bats. Mle's Brice cees Yard | Gream \WhLS 374 fneh free to the country, 3 mass of red-Lot iron. Above him roll the | sternpost of the battle-ship ‘‘Oregon,’’ s of patteras. Hale's prices, e & —_ . | Butter Color, 6 mnch. k- caris that are carrying coul tofesd the | weighing some ‘fifteen tons. Avthetime e oo L s s (1 3 JT: | ‘Butter Color, 8 ueh, 2 furnaces in the different departments of | the work was considered something mar- B an0d LACE, ecrn or wide. Hale's Price. weeeeee Yard | YENISE INSERTION RIBBON RUN—A 3 the mills. Just beyond him a stream of | velous. Compared to the present forgin e, all new. Soyara | FANCY WARP PRINT RIB- 500 | 1100k wide s B e s 2 molien steel, accompanied by a shower of | it becomes small and almost insignificant. - 50c yart BONS—414;nches wide, colored ¢ 114 inches - 2 sparks that envelope the dimly seen forms, | The crane used to support this weight </: e St o ot o | e J 53 indicate that a “‘pour” for castings is go- | of forty tons was constructed from the COLORED GLACE TAFFETA QC | BRITISH AND FRENCH Va- o ¥ ing on. They hear a fusllade as of a | designs and under the immediste super- (INCORPORATED] £05 254 doc yard inchen wide, Hare's Pricers ® %:rd i s 1A G(0°, (INCORPORATED] thousand firecrackers, and a tarn of the | vision of Mr. Probert, and in point of 50c and 60c yard — ale's Price 20c to. head reveals sn enormous ingot going | stremgth, dursbility’and *mgohantéal sl | 937-945 Market Street, Al new patterns. Compare these prices. Consider 937-945 Market Street, through the mills to become oneof the great ateel beams which make the frame- | work of THE CArx building. Over all one | hears the escape of steam, the whirring of the machinery and the incessant hammer- | ing of a hundred forges. The first thing that attracts one’s atten- | tion is the furnace belching forth ts | flames through a wall of white-hot bricks. | From the center of this wall projectsa | great nondescript mass which, on exam- ination, proves to be a portion of the forg- ing attached to tne “'porter-bar.” The | latter is covered with every conceivable | shape of iron and steel that can be used as & counterbalance—old tires, wheels, spi- | rals, ingots and anything that can be fast- ened or hung to this ereat shaft to make it balance—have been attached to 1t. Around these shapes are clamped handle- bars of steel, projecting out like the spokes | of a wheel, and used for turning the forg- | ing when it is under the hammer. Where the forging joins the ‘‘porter-bar’’ an eight-inch chain holds it in position. The chain encircles a six-foot wheel above, which hangs from a gigantic crane that is capable of sustaining a weight of fifty tons. ’ To the left is the steam hammer, forty | feet high, weighing hundreds of tons and | having a 14,000-pound steel point capable of striking a 70-ton blow. It is worked by ! steam from top and bottom. The hammer itself isa marvel, it bemg the largest of its kind west of Pittsburg. After taking CASTING THE RUDDER-FRAME OF THE CRUISER WISCONSIN, | is one of the most perfect of its kind ever | AT T e > = built. In the construction of a forging the size of this, an old shaft is first brought into requisition. After its end is squared small bars of iron of the required length, six inches broad and an inch in thickness, are iaid on in toose layers to the weight of from 1800 to 4000 pounds, allowing a pro- jection for the next addition. The shape is taken into consideration, and the manipulation 1o get it as near perfection as possible and save as much labor and material 1n the subsequent finishing re- quires much care and forethought. The furnace must be of a certain heat, the 1ron on being forged must not be too bot nor too cold, the time for heating must be carefully looked after, and many things unthought of by one not skilled in the work enters into the bringing to per- fection of such a stupendous undertaking. Yet the work is done on this coast by American workinemen and is to be paid for out of the United States treasury and to become the rudder of a ship dedicated to the protection of American homes and commerce, J. M. SHAWHAN. FINE half-tone printing by skilled men and modern machinery. Mysell-Rollins, 22 Clay.*. The wild tribes of the Caucasue, Russia, teach their children the use of the dagger as soon as the younesters are able to wa k. They are first taught to stab water without i ) making a splash. %7/7 =] SAN FRANCISCO. o . 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o 0 Y R o (SEE WINDOW 'DISPLAY.) quality, colors, width and sty.e. We solicit comparison. (SEE WINDOW DISPLAY.) s s st fosiosfosfs oo oy SAN FRANCISCO. . |5 v Artificial Light That Wil Outshine Electricity == HE word “science” may be defined :,-Fn as a term expressing the under- :yju standing of the laws governing natural phenomena; the “scientist’” an individual who posses-es the knowledge implied by science, although the term is too frequently used witkout a ‘proper understanding of its meaning and applied to any person engaged in the investigation of phenomena. Yet there are genuine scientists — men like Lord Kelvin, who, possessing that rare power of justly analyzing iheir own accomplishments, are by reason of such superior acquirements led to exclaim: “The universe may be re- garded as a vast physical machine, and our knowledge of it is divided into 1wo branches—what we know of the structure of the machine, and what we know of the methods of ils working. I here confess I know but little, very little.” If we care to review the long list of discoveries ¢f natural laws, the under- standing of which has benefited hu- manity, we find that a vast majority are recorded as the fruits of research along lines scorned by the army of quasi- “scientists.” History is crowded with re- citals of the discoveries of important things which at the time of their announce- ment were ridiculed ard contemptuously laughed at by the very men whose indi- vidual claims to superior learning should have made them the most competent and fairest judges. Lord Kelvin condensed a huge volume of cogent truths within the few words of his utterance. We know just a little, “a very little,” of the methods of the working of the universe. About one of the com- mouest manifestations of nature, light, we know extremely little. We have stud.ed and learned a good deal about its effects. Able mathematicians have ex- perimented ard computed the exact length of time required for the manifestation of light to bridge a measured distance and compel recognition of its presence by the optic nerve of the human eye; accom- plished chemists have observed and marked its action upon other forms of matter; opticians have trained their prisms of glass to divide the individual rays of the compound beam; in fact there is not a branch or special division of the entire field of physics but in which light will be found present in some form or other. It is transformable‘into color, into heat, into cold, into force, into weight, into sound, and yet with all that is known of some of the manifestations we are abso- lutely ignorant of what itactually is. For all we know, it may be transformable into every phenomenon cognizant to the hu- man senses. The army of speculative scientists is divided in opinion as to whether light 1s matter or not. For a long time our textbooks have. contained the statement that ‘‘the sun is the source of all light.” And yet we manufacture light every aight, at a time when the sun is at the opposite side of that portion of the earth where night prevails; and this artificial light fulfills the functions of sunlight. Recently it has been asserted by acknowledged scientists that light is simply vibration—the vibration of par- ticles in what is termed the atmosphere of space, the so-called ether. But particles of what? For unere, again, comes a ques- tion. Scientists are diviled in opinion as towhether there is a vacuum in the in- terstellar space, or whether the ether is not filled with matter—is, in fact, itself matter. It is an easy thing to say that thereis a ‘“vacuum’’ when 'we are unable to com- prehend the character of the substance hlling a certain rezion. The crude instru- ments of measurement possessed by us lack the requisite delicacy of appreciation, and consequently exhibit no recognition of a presence, and forthwith, because our spectacles are dim or our pint-poi leaky we creep out of the dilemma by saying vacuum. Does light emanate from the sun or from the other stellar bodies as is sustained by the production of artificial light by any means whatever. For the question clamors for an intelugent answer—whence comes the light pro- duced by the candle? That it was im- prisoned in the candle stands confessed, for without the candle, or its equivalent, there can beno light. What was its form and condition befre the force called heat was ca!led into'requisition to produce the flame? Why was it invisible while in its atent condition? And, lastly, why do we have to change a form of matter to produce light, which science (?) declares is not matter? I propound these few conundrums in all seriousness for some of my scient:fic friends to reply to. In the show-windows of numerous jew- elers’ shops in this city may be seen what appears 10 be a curious toy—a tiny wind- mill inclosed within a glass globe. Its vanes are attached to four arms, and are blackened upon one side and silvered upon the other, and they revolve with changing rate of speed, which increases or diminishes accordingly as the light falling upon them brightens or dims. It is called the radiometer, and is the device of a well-known scientist named Crookes. Itis proven that the light causes the vanes to move. But how? There is but one satisfactory solation to the problem, and that is the assumption that light fs matter. To move the vanes the light must strike them with a sufficient force, and it is utterly impossible for the human mind to conceive understandingly of force disassociated irom matter. Now, I know that some anxious demonstrator will ex- plain: “But how about electricity ? That exerts force, as in the case of the magnet, and electricity is not matter.” Is my im- pulsive friend certain that electricity is not matter? Let him prove his claim. Accepting the assumption that light is the product of a certain form of matter exhibiting as force contacting with an- other form of matter that all space is filled with matter, then it is a simple ‘question of proper research to determine, not what is that certain force but in what proportion and mode must that force be applied to otber matter to produce light? The most advanced conclusions of the really scientific mind take expression in asserting that vibration is the reagent which renders appreciable every phe- nomenon. In other words, the “force’ is vibration, and that when matter attains the proper degree of vibration then “light’ is manilested. We know that the light suitable for general iliumination is a complex affair, tue blended assemblage of innumerable rays, a few of which we recognize as the red, the yellow and the blue, coupled with other rays of chemical and thermal character; either ray being insufficient for perfect white light, but when incorporated as a whole filling the want. Were it possible to take, say, three crys- tal globes and exhaust from them th: atmosphere until a degree of attenuation thatin a large compartment when both compartments are agitated by the same force. So, by using a single globe divided into compartments of proportionally Pproper sizes the necessary rate of vibra- tions may be obtained for each compart- ment by the application of a single rate ot Power. Human progress never re: nor can it. Rest means death. The age of the tallow dip was succeded by the age of the whale-oil lamp, to be in turn cast into shadow by the bright flame of petroleum, that had paled its radiance beneath the effulgence of the electric arc. To assert that the apex of illumination has been reached is folly. Something better than electric light must come, and it will be found in the mode and mechanism here hinted at. With its coming will dawn a new epoch of advanced civilization. The manners and customs of this present age of so-called high civilization will then be- come as are the dark ages of the past to the present. Man will have stepped with- in the portals of the temple where all is common ground to those who seek with unselfish aim the attainment of the truths of natural physics. he will have begun to understand the manner in which the laws of nature operate, and in the brightness of that era life will be burdened by but one regret, and that the memory—the un- pleasantness of remembering that there was a time when he imagined he kpew it all. F. M. Crosk, NEW TO-DAY. :mmmhmmm §0ur March K%K kA K = ® e -3 ) o @ = @ X x At the beginning of ¥ the month induced so many people to buy ¥ THEN who didn’t ex- ¥ pect to until later that ¥ we have AGAIN RE- ¥ . DUCED many prices, ¥ DETERMINED to% makethe last of March £ busier than ever. SOLID OAK BOX-SEAT DINING $1.% CHAIR, with.French leg....... Hhdd) FANCY SADDLE-SEAT ROCKER @9 ¥ "high back and broad arms..... $3.00 X STYLISH MAHOGANY CORNER $.) 50 X CHAIR, silk brocatelle seat.... & ¥ ELEGANT QUARTERED OAK $3 00 : LIBRARY TABLE, 22x30 top.. 9 2.0 Tk kAR A A AR R AAK AR A AR A kA AAAAK! J BEAUTIFUL BRASS-MOUNTED WHITE ENAMELED BED, . ... X SOLID OAK WRITING - DESK, X meady carved, with pigeont e R o L e i T e light ver se? The scientist who can de- . holes and lurge drop leaf ..... & 5 monstrate that such is the case has before | had beea obtained commensurate with imamsx CORDUROY COUCH. (5 75 N > A him the positive assurance of personal | that of intersteliar space, and then give to SRR 3 2.9 Wi fame greater than has ever glorified | 82¢h globe the proper degree of vibration, | SOLID OAK RICHLY CARVED \\‘ human achievement heretofore, Is it not | it Would bo visually apparent thatone | BEDROGA SEIZHed, dresser, " only possible but probable that there | Elove would glow with a red light. an- | ¥ and table.... % ....$“i70 !/ e emanates from so-called luminous bodies | 0ther with & yellow and the third with a|% e X a force or, energy, which, when contacting :Ll::‘ ‘1;!0 tnet qmlcn-ud(:l luminosities thus : Special Importation Velvets, = with other forms of matter, suitable ior ined were to be added the proper pro- . B | the union, produces luminosity? That | Portions of thermal and chemical equiva- % Axminsters and Body Brussels. 3 = this latter is nearest to the true theory is ;en:- ;hm ;ould :a no visible color, but | X Cash or Easy Terms—City or Country. E prominently sustained by the familiar |instead a perfect white light. That such & E — (= = | phenomena of twilight—the gradual | light-broducing muchine will be devised | % M. FRIEDMAN & CO. transforming of day into night, and|in the future is within the bonnds of : (7 immense floors). S might into day, being due to the | probability. Like all new things it seems 233.235.237 PoST STREET N bending of _the light- producing ~rays | difficult. But there is a very promising : (Near Stockton), Q from the rignt line of their projection | phiysical fact connected with the desired 180-182-134 MORTON STREET. N from the sun into curved lines which over- | affair. The space atmosphere in a small OPEN EVENINGS. N N lap the straight line of demarcation. It |compartment vibrates more rapidlv than : PEVVIVIVIVPU IO, e é; i A 1A ‘ £ The most certain and safe Pain Remedy. Instan relleves and 500n cures all Colds, m?."mn.... ore ‘Throa:, B onchitis, Cougestions und Juflammae tions. 50c per bottle. Sold by druggists. S