The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, September 30, 1896, Page 5

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, WEDNESDAY, THE LESSON 0F K LABOR AP Where Toil Is Free and ‘Where It Is Veritable Bondage. China, Japan and India Among " the Lands, of Cruel, IIl- Paid Drudgery. - AMERICA MAY PROTECT MEN. On" This Continent, by Right Use of ‘the Ballot, the Worker May Maintain Freedom. No argument that can be made,no oration that can be delivered, can set so plainly before the American workingman the dan- ger that threatens as the accompanying map sets it forth. In what a small part of the earth is labot well regarded and well paid!’ In what a vast proportion of the earth islabor still unorganized, poorly paid and without consideration in the affairs of government! In only a tew of the many countries of the world have the people discovered themselves, learned their own -power and been accorded the right to walk erect in the cignity of con- scious manhood. In this America leads the world, has‘led the world and must continue to lead ithe world if the working world is to be led out of bondage to hereditary wealth, hereditary aristocracy and hereditary right to rule those who work for others to enjoy. In America alone are there no classes, no social barriers which doom the’children of toil to lowly stations in l1f¢, and in America alone are all men accoraed equafity of opportunity to work out their own ' careers as ambition and capadity may equip them. In all the rest - 01 the world the chiidren of t0il are more or less debarred from advancement by :law, by custom, by hereditary entailment of wealth or oy power of royalty. Look at ~ the black border line which, in the above map, surroundsthe United States, with its liberty ofindividul enterprise, its freeaom from the tyranny of royalty and its well- paid labor, and then remember that that black border line on the map represenis no Chinese wall which requred years in building and which it would take years to tearaway, but only an imaginary Jine, a line declared by law which any Congress can repeal, any ad- verse majority brush away. Look at that line. look at the vast surrounding world . of low wages, pauper wages and ceaseless - the retail cdst-of the article. -amount £o no more than the drayage from . who work for wages. labor of millions practically withount wages—=all striving to pbreak tnis barrier down—and then ask yourself if American labor 1s not in jeopardy, if the warning- bere given to American workingmen be in fact au alafmist scare raised for politi- cal purposes or a solemn and candjd declaration of an impending, peril. It will be noticed that in the above map the oceans are foreshortened, narrowed down until -the earth’s surface is no longer three-fourths water and one-fourth land, but the oceans are not reduced to a .marrower limit on the map than steam navigation has redueed them, practicaliy, in the commerce of the world. San Fran- * cisce is seventeen to nineteen days from Yokohama, twenty-five to twenty-eight days from Hongkong, forty to forty-five days from Calcutta, twenty-four days from Sytiney,’and it costs no more to ship a ton of freight frol’ €1thér of these Flaces to San Francisco than from “San Francisco by rail to Fresro or Bakersfield. A ton of flour is carried from San Francisco to Hongkong for $3 in gold, a less rate than is chlrges for_hauling a ton of wueat from Tulare 1o Port Costa, and the average merchandise rate between San Franecisco and Yokohama or Hongkong is $10 per ..ton or per each forty cuvic feet of space occupied in the ship. On & bolt of muslin, a silk dress pattern or a pair of shoes such a freight rate would scarcely figure into t would wharf to storé, and all water rates be- tween: the above points and New York are ‘not greater than to Sap Francisco, having been quoted as low as 40 shillings per ton. - With- sailing vessels a much lower rate than above quoted can be se- cured, and for all practical purposes these Asiastic points are as near to San Fran- Ciscd as are New York, Philadelphia or Boston. THherefore we must not rest in in any fancied security from compe! with Asiatic cheap labor that is bas distance and cost of transportation. Steam navigation has well-nigh annibi- lated distance and reduced cost of freight to a mere bagatelle in the selling price of any article'of apparel or household utility. Six hundred million ‘workers! That iscthe number of tireless toilers Asia has to offer to the industrial warld, Thé matter is beyond comprehension. “In the United Btates it is estimated that there are now fifteen millions of people To keep these em- ployed and contented taxes—oyertaxes— .the best statesmansanip of our time; but .what §s this handful to the teeming masses -of Japan, China, Indo-China, Ind:a, Siberia and the Malaysian penin- sula and the archipelago, who have not yet discovered themseives or learned that there is anything in this world to be de- sired beyond a full stomach and a warmly clad body. Not only are the men of these countries tireiess workers, but the women also and the little children must work or starve, and lowly indeed is their standard of living. It is the duty of our better western civilization to lift out of the mire of ignorance and superstition, of ceaseless toil and pitiless deprivation, this vast, bulking horde of depressed humanity, teaching it self-respect, the power of or- ganization and the rights of men; but itis no part of the duty of western civilization to permititself to be ‘dragged down to the sodden level of an oriental scale of civili- zation, standard of living and of wages. Howr<to lift the’ one up and not drag the other down is to be the supreme prob- lem of all the coming age, if not tbe supreme: problem of ‘all the ages. To cry & warning to American workingmen of the impending danger is not to perform the function of an alarm- ist for political effect, but is to confer a needful service at an opportune time. The only way to ward off the danger of de- grading American labor through Asiatic competition is to face it at the outset. Averting the eyes from it will not Irighten it away. . an&’n has 4,000,000 people. It has am- bition. The fires of nationalism burn fiercely in every Japanese breast and race pride glows a8 fiercely as the fires of ni apan has an area con- siderably in ex of that of Great Britain, & more equable climate, abundant water power, great mineral wealth and good steam coal that can be delivered to con- sumers for less than $1 per ton. While not fertile in invention the Japanese peo- ple excel in imitation, and as deft weavers and spinners have been developed in Japan in ten_years as were developed in Manchester, England, in three gener- ations. Japan has nointernational patent 1aws with other nations, and when she finds a8 machine that suits her she buys one and makes others just like it, and will soon be equipped with all the modern applianzes for manufacture and produc- :i‘;n. Japan has great resources for the production of many raw materials for manufacture, and her situation is aamir- able for the importation of raw cotton from India and China and raw wool from Australia, and she is filled with an am- bition to become the Great Britain of the Orient. Her achools are industrial and military in character, and Japan now oc- cupies that position in the scale of civil- ization where the rights and liberties of the individual are mercilessly sacrificed for the good of the state. *‘The peovle” of Japan have not yet discovered them- selves, and are not likely to make the dis- covery for a long time to come. In 1883 Japan built her first modern cot- ton mills, two of them, and now she has more than sixty cotton miils, with 1,250.000 spindles. Since the close of the war with China, according to a statement recently published by R. P. Porter, late Superin- tendent of the Eleventh United States Census, who has just visited Japan and made a close study of its institutions, among others the following new industries have been established: Forty-nine cotton mills, with a capital of $29,582,000. E Twenty-four silk mills, with a capital of Nineteen weaving factories, with a capi- tal of $9,425,000. & Twenty - two mining and metallurgic companies, with a capital of $8,150,000. Fifteen electrical works, with a capital of $11,620,000. < Fifty-eignt other industries, with a com- bined capital of $17,489,000. The same authority goes on to say: *In the magnificently equipped cotton spinning and weaving factories, in the machine-shops of Japan, in paper mills, in some of the larger silk factories, in clock and watch faciories, I have seen the most modern English, German and American machinery, and forces of men and women as thoroughly organized for labor and as fully equipped as any on earth.” SEPTEMBER 30, 1896 sources settled by a working population | For answer to which it is sufficient to equal to that of all Europe and North America. Four hundred millions of tire- less toilers with unequaled habits of thrift and economy, imitative and not wanting in skill, waiting to be set to work by European and American capital and en- terprise! That is the competition which confronts American labor! China is conservative. China would be glad to let the world alone if the world would let her alone, but the world will not. Japan waged war against China for no other reason than to compel herto come out from her hermitage and open commercial relations with ber more enter- rising neighbor. England, France and g{us:ia are encroaching upon her on all sides for the same avowed purpose. The whole western world is bent on_forcing upon China all the inventions aud instru- mentalities wherewith to enter upon a never-ending and destructive competition with the western world itself. To pre- serve herself from utter dismemberment and annihilation China has got to build railroads all through her interior and open all her waterways to steam naviga- tion. The great Li Hung Chang has been around the world to study the world and now goes home to throw his immense in- fluence and weaith upon the side of in- ternal development. Prince Li is not ignorant of the resistless power which China’s horde of cheap labor gives her—a labor so cheap and a standard of living so low that an earning capacity of 5 shillings .2 month will support a Chinese and his family. Inthe course of an interview in New York he said: ‘“You should repeal the Geary law. Cheap labor is a most desirable thing within itself becanse it wiil enable you to compete in the markets of the world with the products of the cheap labor of urope. Cheaper labor means cheaper commodi- From the same authority the following | ties and better commodities at lower | prices.”” f | _ That is the sort of doctrine that obtains modern machinery and regularly equipped | in a country such as China and in all of | Asia, where the Government is everything additional facts are obtained: In some of the silk districts I found mills employing 500 to 1000 hands. In the Fukai district the first silk was | and the individual is nothing. It is the manufactured in 1888 and to the aggre:ate | commercial spirit as against the industrial value of $50,000. During 1895 this same distri ,076,220. The sum of $935 would have bought all the floor matting exported from Japan during 1885. During 1895 the exports amounted to $3,461,365. The exports and imports together ag- gregated $77,300,000 for Japan for 1885, For 1895 they amounted to $296.000,000. In aadition to these great factories are thousands upon thousands of old fash- ioned wheels and looms running within hearing distance of the great modern fac- | tories, for- the produced silk to the value of | 0. spirit. Itis the policy of low tariff and “fiying your flag in the markets of the world” carried to its legitimate con- clusion. But it never was the policy of the Republican party of America, which believes that if the individual be cared for well the Government cannot fare ill. India is another rejuvenated nation of toilers. It hasan area about two-thirds as great as that of the United States and a population four times as large, and it has an inexhaustible supply of cheap labor. Three-fourths of the people of Hindostan derive their support from the land, but Japanese weaver and ! progress in handicrafts is making and an spinner must work if he would eat, albeit |era of great industrial development is at with appliances that are a thousand years old. The phenomenal developmertt of indus- trial Japan is further exemplified by the following” comparative items of export, also prepared by R. P. Porter: The foregoing are enly a few of many instances of increused production and ex- port which are not given for want of space, but the lesson derived from this will be instructive. ‘When we come to investigate the scale of wages paid in Japan and the condition of Japanese labor it becomes perfectly apparent why Japan is progressing indus- ¢rially and pouring an ever-increasing product into the lap of the world. Her labor is so cheap and so tireless that no other nation in the world, unless it be China, can comoete with her. The factories of Japan run night and day and each shift works twelve hours at a stretch, the day shift of one week being the night shift of the next, aud many mills do not stop at all for more than one or two days in the month. From the United States consular re- potts the following scale of waees in dif- ferent lines are found to be paid in Japan. The figures are given in silver, which has about half the real value of American money that is here given: Bricklayers, per week. Hodcarriers, per week 114 Masons, per week . 218 Tenders, per week 114 Plasterers, per weel 156 Carpenters, per weel 156 Biacksmiths, per weel 185 Bakers, per week ... S 156 Draymen and teamsters, per week 1150 Taiiors on palive clothes, per week REW Tallors on forelgn ciothes, per weel 2 95 Stevedores, per weel 218 Printers, per week. . 178 Common laborers and porters, per week. ... 1 14 Brass founders, per week.... . 300 Common laborers receive the equivalent of 10 cents per day in American money. Skilled mechanics receive the equivalent, of 18 cents per day in American money. For the arduous labor of the factories women are paid 6 to 16 sens per day in silver and men get 12}4 to 25 sens, and it takes 180 sens to be worth as much as an American dollar. A Government report gives the number of male spinners for 1894 at 8129, who received an average daiy wage of 17.1sens. There were 26,929 femaie spinners, who received an average daily wage of 8.9 sens. bl Speaking of the condition of Japanese labor, Mr. Fusataro Takszno, a cuitured Japan-se, writes of his own country to Gunton's Magazine for August, 1896, as follo “Itis an indispntable fact that hereto- fore the welfare of the working people of Japan has never entered into the consid- eration of national affairs. 5 “Any upward tenaency of wages will be considered as detrimental to national pros- perity and will be opposed as such. *‘Ten per cent of the male spinners and 23 per cent of the female spinners are chil- dren under 15 years of age. _ ““While production was_ increasing ten fold and the demand for labor five fold the condition ol spinners presents ng trace of improvement. On the other hand, the cost of rice, sugar, tea and fuel shows an advance of 10 to 20 per cent during the time. ‘‘Low wages, long working hours, child labor, black list—such are the conditions existing in the cotton spinning industry in Japan and similar conditions are con- fronting the workers inothef trades which arerunning under the modern system of industry. “The workers are in a dazed condition and diffusion of Western civilization is limited to the higher classes. *‘The appalling condition of the factory hands is still further aggravated by the existence of an agreement made by the mill owners throughout the country that the wages of spinners will not be raised unless so agreed unanimously. ‘‘Added to this the spinners are all under police supervision by which their employ- ers are amply protected from every pos- sible numrw on the part of the spinners to right their grievances.”” This, then, is the condition of millions of laborers in Japan with whom the Popo- cratic aggregation wish to have American laborers compete in the home mariet un- der a low-tariff policy. China and her dependencies have a com- bined area equal to that of the United Btates and Mexico and a population more than six times at. If to this there be added adjacent lands under European control but settled by Mogolhns, with Korea, we have lands of unsurpassed re- hand. Neither Europe nor America can with- India in_any line of production under- . taken. Bixty per cent of the jute manu- facturing machinery of Dundee, Scotland, the very life of that city, has been hushed by Indian competition, and the doom of the rest of it is likewise sealed. | Common laborers in railroad building in India receive 6 cents a day in wages as valued in American money. Lathe ma- chinists get 24 to 27 cents a day, and other wages range between these two extremes. The standard of living is low and only the coarsest und _cheapest products are con- sumed by the Hindoo. After generations of floundering in the mire of anthrift, swept by floods anc de- voured by famine, British administration of Indian affairs has impounded the sur- | plus waters, irrigated the arid wastes, built | 20.000 miles of railroad from interior to coast, and otherwise fully equipped India { to enter the industrial lists in competi- | tion with the better paid labor of the Western world. Having been lifted up the Hindoos are now prepared to pull their benefactors down, and are doing it. We have heard much from the Demo- | cratic party of the advantages to be gained | by access to the “markets of the world,” by having the *‘stars and stripes flying in every sea.” Let us see what this bas amounted to so far. .Take Japan. During 1894 there was ex- ported from the United States to Japan goods to the value of $10,982,558, but we | bought from Japan goods to the value of | $44,523,557. | Duriug 1895 our exports to Japan amounted to $9,276,360 and our imports | from Japan amounted to $54,028,930, We buy from Japan 40 per cent of all she has to sell to the rest of the world. | We seil to'Japan 9 per cent of all that she |- buys of the worid. She takes our millions {and sends them to Europe to buy with tifem what she wants, because she can buy there cheaper than here, and she can buy there cheaper than here because Europe can manufacture cheaper than America can, and Europe can manufacture cheaper than America can because labor is cheaper, and for no other reason on earth. Take India. During 1895 we sold to | British India goods to the value of $2,853,- | 941, but we bought of the same countries | goods to the value of $21,266,013. During | 1894 the difference was not quite so great, 1he balance of trade against us being only $10,500,558, but for the year 1893 the bal- ance against us was far greater, being $22,815,794, and it usually ranges between fifteen and twenty millions a year. Take China. During 1895 we sold to that country goods to the value of $3,603,- 810, but we bought goods to the value of $20,545,829. During 1894 the balance against us in our trade with China amounted to $11,262,602, during 1893 the balance agauinst us was $16,736,078, and the adverse -balance in our trade with China ranges between these figures and has done so for years. The fact is that the United States can- not compete with Europe in supplying the Orient with the commodities because our wages are higher and our standard of living more excellent, and the Orient can- not buy greatly from any country because of its low standard of living and degraded standard of wages and production does not furnish the means to buy with. For instance, the entire production of British India for a whole year, all the wealth taken out of the soil, the mines, the sea, and manufactured by artisans does not exceed $10 for each man, woman and child in that country. How cansuch a poverty stricken people buy of the world or sell to the world ? e buy of them because we are rich and able to buy. They sell to us because they are too poor to consume the things they produce and ought to keep for home consumption. And yet tariff re. formers never cease to boast of the fabu- lous wealth awaiting development of American traffic with the Orient! Those who view the question of Orien- tal competition as set forth in these pages are not oblivious of the fact that a certain schoo! of doctrineires and tariff reform- ers (men like Bryan, who declare the pro- tective idea the ‘‘most pernicious political principle that ever cursed the country”) are inclined to pooh-pooh at the danger of Asiatic competition with the better-paid labor of Europe and America. Want of space forbids an adequate enumeration and consideration of the contentions of these sanguine and satisfied exponents of the doctrine of our industrial invulnera- bility, but a few lines will be devoted to the more important among the Briefly. it is claimed by these persons that *‘by virtue of perfected machinery the industrial efficiency of Western na- tions is incomparably greater than that of the Orient.” stand, on equal footing, the competition of | say that Western industrial enterprise is already finding its most inviting field in equipping Asiatic nations with ail our best-perfected mechanical appliances, and when at length this has been done Asia will bave equal mechanical appliances with us plus limitless cheu‘g labor, which will maxze the industrial efficiency of the Far East as much greater than that of the ‘West as her labor is on a more cheap and abundant a scale. “That Asiatic nations are wanting in ad-. ministrative a y and capital, and that without these their cheap labor cannot be made available.” S The fluidity of capital is a fact. It deeks the place of best employment as unerr- ingly as water seeks its level. It knows no country or national allegiance. Hith- erto capital has flown to America because America has been honest, but let Bryan- ism and repudiation settle with a 53-cent dollar debts that were created by the bor- rowing of & gold dollar, and our National dishonor will not only drive out foreign capital invested here, but it will banish our own capital. Money will go where an honest accounting for it can be compelled by the stout arm of army and navy, and with it will go the administrative ability requisite for its employment and for the mobilization and oryanization of the cheap labor of the world. Besides, the fact of the existence in San Francisco of factories employing white bosses and white girls by the score, yet owned and managed by Chinese, together with the fact that the products of hundreds of orchards are handled by white help and Chinese employers in this State, shows that the Asiatic is not so devoid of ad- ministrative ability as these theorists would have us beiieve, 1u is contended that, inasmuch as ‘“men produce that they may sell and buy, that they may consume,’” as the Asiatics be- come greater producers consumption wil 1 increase correspondin:ly, and they will buy as much as they sell. It may be admitted that in the fullness of time all men on the earth will be equai, that equal wages for equal work will be the condition of the earth from pole to | pole and zone to zone, but when? 1tis not this final consummation which threatens American labor with deprada- tion. If all the world paid American wages, America could trade free wiih all the world. It is the process of readjust- ment that hurts. Look again at the ac- companying map and ask yourself, zentle reader, how the United Stat:s, so small compared to the habitable globe, is to maintain the dignity of its labor and the generous recompense of its wages until the poorly paid labor of Europe, the pauper labor of Asia, of Africa, and of all the rest of the globe, has been lifted to the American standard, and when you have done this you will have propounded the crucial question of the coming age. Kinally, the contention is made that the wage-earners of Asia, like those of Europe and America, will organize trade guilds and through power of organization advance their w.fi! as their productive ower, enhanced y the adoption of gVnstem machinery, becomes enhanced. We may grant this and then offset the concession by asking: When? What will have taken place meantime? As a giftea advocate of the above contention has said, “a half-century in the history of nations 1s 8 period as recent as the yesterday of an individual life.” A half-century has been scarcely more than a yesterday in the period which has been required to elevate American and English labor to its present estate, but it might be quite time enougn to undo all tha: organized labor has ac- complished for itself, and wouid be if sub- jectell to unrestricted competition with the limitiess pauper iabor of Asia. A building that it took a year to build was burnt in an hour. The golden age of English labor was from 1401 to 1525, but during the next century it sank to a con- dition of utter helplessness. Three cen- turies of incessant struggle ensued before the right of organization in self-defense and seli-help was conceded by the laws of civilized countries, so easily is the diguity of laber lost and so hard is it regained. But what of the rights of labor in Asia? In no one of those countries have the la- boring classes any rights, as we under- stand them, which the laws are bound to respect. The guilds already formed are chiefly employers’ guilds, not guilds of | laborers. There are no middle classes to whose sense of justice tue down-trodden laborers can appeal. Society is divided into two classes—those who make the laws and those whose only concern is to obey the laws which others made. From this status to that of American labor, which makes the laws as well as obeys them, is a long and wearisome journey in any country and by any people, and the labor. ing classes of Asia have not started upon that journey yet. Tne contentions of the advocates of low tariff are idle. The danger from Asiatic competition is real and imminent. Al- ready it is being felt in many channels of trade and those who read the signs of the times aright know that what has already taken place 1s only the beginning of a mighty struggle with the powers of dark- ness aud that ti.e beginning of the end of it is yet a long way off. How shall the brown man be lifted out of the mire and the white man be not drawn in? That is to be the crucial question of the coming age and, perhaps, of all the ages of human history. The only means of safeguarding Ameri- WHERE WOOL IS NOT PROTECTED Chief Justice Smith Tells of Want in New Mexico. He Says There Are to Be Found the Poorest People and, Per- force, the Idiest. HARDLY WANT TO BE A STATE Low Prices Prevail, Crops Require Irrigation and There Is No Market for Products, Chief Justice Thomas Smith of New Mexico is at the Occidental, accompanied by Mrs. Smith and Miss Gaines of Vir- ginia. The Chief Justice has had a mo- mentous career. He is from Virginia, and his father and three brothers at one time in the fifties resided in California. When the war broke out the now Chief Justice enlisted as a private in the Army of Northern Virginia. He served all tirough the war, and before its close had been made brigadier-general. President Cleveland appointed him e & & =~ Chief Justice Thomas Smith of New Mexico. United States District Attorney of New Mexico during his first term, and he served four years. Then he appointed him Chief Justice, which he has been now for three years. He was not an applicant for either office. Chief Justice Smith is a very young- looking man to have been thfough the war and attained such eminence. He does appear now to be over about 40 years of age. The Chief Justice has been doing what he could in New Mexico to eniorce the laws and_bring about a better order of things. It has been his judgment all along that only by the enforcement of the law could the general morals be improved. In New Mexico two-thirds of the entire population is composed of native Mexi- cans, he says, while the other third is American. **The majority ot the natives are very poor,” said the Chief Justice; “‘they re- cite what is true, that there is no market for corn, nor wool, nor other products. The wool industry is paralyzed. As for the silver interests, they are.all lagging, too. Itis undeniably true that the great majority of the people want free silver, The guestiun of whether or not it can be sustained does not need to enter into it. They want silver put back where it was in 1873. - “I estimate we have about 175,000 people can labor against the consequences of com- petition with Asiatic hordes is to stand by the American system of protection to home industries and stand for the main- tenance of National honor. To both of these high purposes the Re?ublican party and its candidates stand pledged in the most solemn manner, and behind these pledges, as a further guaranty of good faith, is an unblemished party and per- sonal record of persistent championship of them. What this party, its leaders and its followers cannot do for the preserva- tion and elevation of American labor can- not and will not be done. Labor has no other safeguard, no other puissant power to deliver it from the body of this death. Arrayed against this great National party, its candidates and its cause there is marshaled a nondescript aggregation of volitical forces which refuses classification and analyzation avd is mainly concerned for office. In the yesterday of its history it stood for one thing, in its to-morrow it will stand for heaven knows what, but to- day it does stand for putting the United States on an Oriental monetary basis and for the reduction of the standard of Amer- 1can wages and living to.another stand- ard whichk will be European, if not Asiatic, in its character. Its professions may point otherwise, but its principles, put into op- eration, will inevitably tend that way. Its standard-bearer, Mr. Bryan, is an uncom- promising champion of the British theory of free trade, and this theory, putinto practical operation, would assuredly ac- complish the undoing of American labor. Mr. Bryan 1s likewise an uncompromising champion of free silver, and what with a European scale of wages and an Asiatic standard of monetary payment the degra- aation of American labor would be com- lete. ’ 4 b ‘Workingmen of California, your duty in this contest is too plain to need to be pointed out. You have but to be true to your own interests in order to best serve your country and your party. Sophists may try to bewilder you and demagogues may try to deceive you, but if vou have read these pages thoughtiully you know the danger which threatens and you know of the only safeguard that is left. Your destiny is therefore in your own bands, and “as you make your bed so shall you lie in it.” FELL UNDER THE AX. Four Buildings Torn Down Yesterday by the Health Authorities, More rookeries went down under the ax in Chinatown yesterday, the shaky struct- ures at 710 and 712 Stockton streat being leveled by a N?lld of men headed by Cnief Vinegan, Inspector Dockery and Market Inspector Davis. Two huts at 323 and 325 Vallejo street, occupied by fishermen, were also torn down as a sanitary precaution. ————— There are 258 parish ministers in Scot- l-;; who have a total income of less than £ in New Mexico, though the Governor in his report makes the number somewhat larger. The natives are the poorest peo- ple I have found anywhere. They are poorer than the colored people of the Soutb. willing to work, but there is absolutely nothing for them to do. The wool inter- ests are paralyzed, the agricultural inter- ests are limited, and to produce crops there must be irrivation. New Mexico has great resources, but the people being poor and times hard, with no markets for anything, there is general staguation. “Because of the great majority of natives over the Americans it has been a question among many whether it would be best for New Mexico as it now is to be admitted as a State. Many argue that the natives, so long oppressed and naturally revengeful against those in authority, would be for a State Government, when tueir sympathies are with Mexico. The natives, too, say they are so poor they cannot pay their taxes now, and ask how they couid do it under a State Government. “The natives arein the main law-abid- ing. The poorer of them, impelled by hunger or resentment, sometimes commit grave crimes, but generally they are good observers and respecters of the statutes. The increase of population is entirely American. In some places where there were little towns or pueblos a year ago there is nothing now. The natives have scattered. Where they have gone toisa question. It iseven thought by some that there is a steady migration of the natives over the line to Mexico.” Tne Chief Justice is only making a brief stay bere. Mrs. Smith and Miss Gaines preceded him by over a week. They have been visiting Monterey and other places besides this City. FROM THE NORTH. ¥. S. Hussey of the British Columbia Police Pays the City a Visit. F. 8. Hussey, Superintendent of the British Columbia Provincial Police, ac- companied by his wife, is enjoying a Cali- fornia vacation, and is at present aguest at the Grand Hotel. He has just returned from Los Angeles and expects to remain in the City a week. In professional circles Mr. Hussey's name is one to conjure with and a whole- some terror to all evil-doers. Since his appointment to the position of Superin- tendent he has been associated with many celebrated crimihal cases, which, in nearly every instance, he has carried to a success- ful issue. One of the most recent and sen- sational in this category was the ro- mantic capture some two years agoofa desperado named Hugh Lynn, who brut- ally murdered a weaithy northern rancher and his companion. Lynn was arrested on American territory after an exciting chase, his trial, conviction and execution following one anotber in-rapid succession. Buperintendent Hussey is himself a man of determined character and power- The larger number of them are |- ful physique, and as such admirably qualified to fulfill those arduous duties which are inseparable from the efficient application of the law in & new and sparsely settled country like British Co- | lumbia. KOWALSKY’S LIFE. Coin Said to Be Due by the Corpulent Colonel on His Insurance Policy. - W. 8. Morgan is a sorely troubled man. He some time ago acquired a claim against Colonel Henry L Kcwalsky. Now he is not sure that he would not be a loser if | the claim had eost him nothing. There was & time when the colonel was troubled with thoughts of the grave, so he hunted ap an agent and had his life in- sared. In lieu of the premium which the com- pany demanded, a note was executed by the insured promising to pay to himself or order $386 40. The note was made pay- able at the Crocker-Woolworth Bank on a stated day, and was indorsed to Alfred Todhunter, who mbseg\mntly transferred it to W. 8. Morgan. It bore the date of April 4, 1893. Kowalsky has ailowed judgment to be recorded against him on this note by de- fault. This Sudgmenr. he succeeded in having set aside. The matter was on the calendar in Judge Sanderson's court yesterday. The defense wished a secondy judgment set aside and the plaintiff’s attorneys desired to secure an order of examination, so as to force the colonel to tell a curious world what are his assets, in order that they may know his reasons for not satisfying the judgment. As the colonel did not put in an appear- ance the matter went over until this morning. WOMAN SUFFRAGE WORK Remotest Localities in the State Are to Be Visited by Speakers. Miss Anthony and Mrs. Tupper-Ga'pin Will Acdress To-Night's Rally at Sausalito. A number of well-known society people intend accompanying Miss Susan B. Anthony and Mrs. Kate Tupper-Galpin to Bausalito this afternoon. After seeing the sights of the terraced town the party will attend a woman suffrage rally in Slinkey’s Hall at 8 o’clock in the evening. Miss Anthony and Mrs. Tupper-Galpin will both speak, and a fine musical pro- | gramme will be given. Miss Anthony is also booked to speak at another suffrage rally on BSaturday night at the Grand Opera-house, Martinez. ‘riengs of the woman suffrage cause are looking forward with interest to Miss Anna H. Shaw’s promised address to- morrow night at the Mechanica’ Fair, A letter from Tulare County says that three-fourths of the women and all the men of that section seem to be in favor of woman suffrage; while from Fresno comes the news that a committee of fifty promi- nent business and professional men have inaugurated a series of Sunday afternoon meetings at which the equal suffrage ques- tion is to be discussed. Meanwhile the counties which are out of the way of railway communication are receiving special attention, speakers male and female traveling to the most isolated settlements in carts, on horseback or as best they may. F - “We hope,” said Miss Mary G. Hay, the | Btate organizer, “to have the gospel of | equal political rights preached in every nook and cranny of this entire State before the election; and though it keeps our speakers on the go, we have the ground nearly covered even now.” IRAD B. COLDWELL DEAD. Stricken With Heart Disease While Bathing at Harbor View. Irad B. Coldwell, 59 years of age, senior member of the firm of Caldwell & Daily, dairymen, was stricken with heart disease and died at the Harbor View baths yester- day afternoon. The deceased, who was apparently in the best of health, was swimming in the surf and was suddenly taken with con- vulsions. F. R. Conway hurried into the water and carried Mr. Coldwell to the shore, where in a few minutes he died. Deceased, who resided at 1010 Valencia street, was an unmarried man and; so far as is known, had no relatives on this coast. POLK STREET 10 BE AL ABLAE Seventeen Arc Lights Be- tween Sutter and Pa- cific Streets. Enterprise That Will Do Much to Enhance the Value of the Thoroughfare. WHAT THE STEP WILL COST First Practical Projact of the Progres« sive Residents of a Fine Business Street. The Polk-street Improvement Club, hav- ing for its purpose the improvement of that street from Market to North Beach, was permanently organized Monday night by the election of L. H. Kohn of 1601 Polk street as president, Nathan Bibo first and J. E. Quinn second vice-presi- dent, Robert Dross secretary and G. F. Roberts treasurer. By-laws to govern the club, which now numbers 124 members, were adopted. There will be an executive committee of seven appointed during the week by the president. The dues for the next six months were fixed at 25 cents per month and the secretary and treasurer were placed under $500 bonds each. The club is comvosed of property owners, storekeepers and people occupy- ing dwellings on the line of Polk street. It was stated that the club, through its executive committee, will act as an agita- tion commitiee to have the City officials place the street in proper condition from one end to the other,and pending such action it was decided last night to light the street from Sutter to Pacific street with seventeen arc lights, one at the intersection of the cross-street and one between each cross street, so as to make the thoroughfare the most obrilliantly lighted in the City. This will be at a cost of about $40 a week, to be paid for, natil the Supervisors furnish the lights, by the people on the street. ALL FOR McKINLEY. How Police Commissioner Gunst Found the Sentiment in the East., Police Commissioner Gunst returned yesterday morning irom a trip East. He says the East is all for McKinley. *“To show you how confident Eastern judges of the situatioh are,” he said, “I havebeen commissioned by an Eastern s yndicate 1o put $50,000 at 2 to 1 that Mc- Kinley is elected ; even money that he car- ries New York by 50,000; at $800 to $1000 that he carries New York by 75,000, and $1000.to $5000 that he carries New York by 125,000 votes.” Recarding what he saw in police circles Mr. Gunst 'said: *I visitea the police departments of New York, Brooklyn and Boston, and L wish to say that there is not one of them, 80 far as appearance of the patrolmen is concerned, which can compare with ours. Brooklyn has a magnificent eystem. That city has thirty-five station-houses, twenty- five of which cost-$35,000 each; five $45,000, two $50,000, two $60,000, and one now in course of erection will cost $70,000. I had inquiries everywhere for our Chief of Po- lice and all wished him to pay them a visit, as they know and admire his good qualities. We have the reputation of hav-' ing one of the finest and best organmzed police departments in the country.” Rnocked Down and Kicked. Mrs. J. D. McQuiddey applied for a warrant in Judge Campbell’s court yesterday for the arrest of her ex-husband on the charge of bat- tery. She said she had been granted a divorce from him ty Judge Troutt on Monday, and he was ordered to pay her $10 alimony per week. He sent her a note Monday night asking her to meet him at 412 Eddy sireet. She went there, and she says he vpbraided her for getting a di- vorce and knocked her down and kicked her,, As there was no witness to the battery the ware rant was not issued. McQuiddey is a traveling salesman for Redington & Co., the wholesale. druggists. rl‘l’isis I&Suil‘ Worth $12 of any man’s money. Fits perfectly, and it’s the right sort of stuff to wear well: You get it for only $675 All-wool Single and Double Breasted Sack Suits. The price is cut this week from $9, $10 and $12. Better take one at oncg, while you can get your pick. Only for this week. CoLumsian W 00LEN MiLLs (S. N. WOOD & CO.), MARKET 54| STREET.