The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, May 31, 1896, Page 29

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, MAY 31, 1896. Yovelties in Seience, HArt and Literature. Lizht Without Heat. Not since Edison, in 1879, proclaimed the success of his efforts in subdividing the electric current, making incandescent electric lighting possible, has there been so important an announcement in the elec- tricai world as that made last week by Mr. Nikola Tesla that the advances made by him in vacuum-tube lighting had reached 8 point that assured complete commercial success. The result of Tesla’s work in the field of carrents of high irequency were first made known to the public in his now famous London lecture of 1891. In 1892 he gave the same lecture, with a large number of brilliant experiments, before the National Electric Light Association at St. Louis. _The results then exhibited were start- ling, and aroused the most intense inter- est. At that time, however, Mr. Tesla himself admitted that his work was not yet commercial. Few even of his stanchest adherents . believed it ever would be. Now, after four years of hard work, and having been delayed by the fire which de- stroved his Jaboratory and much of his most valuable apparatus, ‘the great in- ventor is jubilant over the measure of suc- cess achieved, and has broken the long si- lence which he has persistently main- tained in regard to the progress of his work. “Four years ago when the first public historical importance that it should be made public. I should not feel at liberty to give an account of the details, but the main facts I have Professor Langley’s con- sent for giving you, and they are as fol- lows: & % “The aerodrome, or ‘flying-machine,’ in question was of steel driven by a steam- engine. It resembled an encrmous bird, soaring in the air with extreme regularity in large curves, sweeping steadily upward in a spiral path, the spirals with a diame- ter of perhaps 100 yards, until it reached a height of about 100 feet in the air, at the end of a course of about half a mile, when the steam gave out, the propellers which had moved it stopped and then to my sur- vrise the whole instead of tumbling down settled as slowly and gracefully as itis possible for any bird to do, touching the water without any damage and was im- mediately picked out and was ready to be tried again. “The flying-machine carries a small steam engine of one horsepower. The | whole contrivance weighs twenty-five pounds. Its Jight steel framework holds | extended horizontally three sheets of thin canvas, one above the other. The length over all is fifteen feet. The engine runs two propellers. *‘Professor Langley will soon construct a flier of large size, which will carry a proper mechanical equipment ana be capable of extended flight. The one de- | scribed is only a model for experimental | purposes. The inventor has not troubled { himself to any extent about the question of a suitable engine, which could be fur- nished easily enough when needed. The The Funnel Cloud of a Tornado, Showing the Spiral Path of the Ascending Atr 4round the Vortex (Afier Davis). announcements were made of the results of my work in vacuum tube lighting,” said he recently, “I found few people who would admit that I had anything more than an interesting laboratory experiment. My visitors all said, ‘What beautiful effects!’” and in the next breath, ‘How urterly uncommercial.’ “To-day I believe, not that the ultimate is attained, but that I have already pr duced a thoroughly practical and commer- cial method of vacuum - tube lighting, vastly more economical than either the arcor incandescent systems, and which will be a marked advance over the present methods. *I found the causes of loss of energy and have largely overcome them. Already I can deliver 10 per cent of the initial enerev | in a pure white light. This is three times the efficiency of an ordinary indcandes- | cent lamp.’” “I have long sincediscarded the vibrator. I found it impossible to produce one which woula last more than a few hours, so I found a better way, and now use no vibra- | tor at all.” “But, Mr. Tesla,” the reporter saia, “how can i explain to a layman just how vou start the ether in your exhausted bulbs into such rapid vibrations and pro- duce this light with no mechanical vi- brator?” “You can’t explain it. I don’t know that 1 could. You might say,’” said Mr. Tesla laughingly, *that it is the music of the celestial spheres. “There is no direct connection between my conducting copper wires and the inte- rior of the exhausted bulbs. The current passes through the glass. There is o vi- brator, no mechanism.” Asked what vibratory speed is now attainable Mr. Tesla replied : **About 6,000,000 a second now. In a per second.” “How do you measure them, Tesia?” “In two_ways, one of which I will not describe. But the second is by my ear only. Taking one of these little bulbs I can distinguish the periods of vibration almost as accurately as the musician can distinguish the tones of the scale from his tuning fork.” The light produced by Tesla’s iatest tubes is pure white, possessing all the visible qualities of sunlight. Moreover, according to the great inventor, it has nll the purifying qualities of sunlight, and a room, well ventilated, would be equally healthy to live in whether lighted by one or the other. When it is remembered thatin gas light- ing there is less than 1 per cent efficiency. in incandescent electric lighting less than 3 per cent, and that Tesla can aiready show 10 per cent, with a promise of getting a great deal more, the importance of his discovery in the commercial world is ap- parent. 5 | No expensive or complicated apparatus is needed. A simple coil is provided, which transforms the ordinary low-ten- sion current, making it available for use almost anywhere. A particularly attractive feature of the new gght is that the new bulbs, once ex- hausted, have a practically uniimited life. Mr. Tesla has some which have been in use in his laboratory almost continuously for four years, and are still burning with un- dimimshed brilliance and consuming no more energy than when first lighted. One little bulb now burning in the labo- ratory is sufficient for a parlor of ordinary size, giving out as much light as an arc lamp, glowing s!eadil{ withont any waver- ing, and consuming but a fraction of the energy. e With the success of this vacuum bulb- lighting system practically assured the tireless inventor has not relaxed his ef- forts and is working harder tLan ever. Next in his mind is the perfection of the oscillator, and after this, nothing less than telezraphy and telepnony without wires. “Do vou actually believe that is possi- ble?” Tesla was asked. “I more than believe it. I am sure of it. Kurther than that, I believe that with this grand force nothing is impossible. Even the most optimistic or visionary dreamer would fail to predict the accomplishments of the next aecade.” Flight Is a Fact Professor Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, has witnessed the trial flights of the machine devised by Professor Samuel P. Langley, formerly of Pittsburg. Mr. Bell makes the following statement: “] witnessed a very remarkable experi- ment with Professor Langley’s aerodrome on the Potomac River. Indeed it seemed short time I expect to produce 50,000,000 Mr. problem was to make a machine that would fly, and fly in the right way; this | accomplished, there was no_difficulty in suppl,ying the power required for a long trip.” Influsnce of Bottles on Their Contents. | Experiments tried in Germany several Jyears ago show that ordinary beer dis- solves very slightly the glass of the bottle in which it is kept, and more careiul measurements show that almost every liquid, even water, can dissolve glass in very small proportions. These facts, how- ever, are not generally known, so that the | following illustration of them, quoted from | the Natural Druggist, will catse surprise. | Probably ninety-nine persons out of | every hundred, taken at random, would | ridicule the idea that the quality of the glass of which a bottle may be made can have any influence on the taste or keeping- qualities of its contents. And vet, that it does do so. we have the best of evidence. | We are not alluding to the influrnce of | light shining through the flasks and its | action on the substance contained, but the [ direct chemical resction occurring be- | tween the glass and the material within | the flask. Very recently the following | case occurred in France. A wealthy re- tired merchant bought a lot of very costly and rare wine in casks, samples of the vine from each cask being given him by | the wine merchant. The wine was de- | livered and the new owner proceeded to | have it racked off and bottled. Some time afterward some of the wine was | brought to the table, and on tasting it the host detected a strange, unpleasant taste, which was also noticed by the guests. A fresh bottle was found to be similarly affected, and bottle after bottle was opened with the same result. An examination of the stock in the cellar developed the fact that every bottle of the recent purchase was spoiled. A suit was brought against the wine merchant, who declared that he had delivered the article exactly according to the samples furnished. On examining | these latter they were found in excellent | condition. Itis unnecessa:y to go intode- | tails, but during the course of the action at | law some of the bottles were produced in | court, when it was found that the glass | had become opague. The botiles were uanded over to a chemist, along with one of the lot purchased for bottling the wine, which had never been used. This is what the chemist found in the glass of the un- used bottle: silicic acid .. Potash and soda. Lime.. Argillaceous 3 In the examination had been used, while silicic acid and argil- | laceous material remained constant, or | nearly so, the lime, potash and sola were | very much diminished, and it was made evident that they had passed into solu- tion, forming compounds with the acid ingredients of the wine, decomposing the latter and rendering it unfit to drink. There is naw a suit pending against the maker of the bottles. Egg Cutter, Gu'de and Holder. The invention of Hiram B. Everest of Riverside, Cal., will be received with joy by all people who want to cut the tops off their eggs neatly and cleanly. His inven- tion consists of a handle with a large flat surface at one end. In this there is a hole of the proper size to just fit over the end of an egg nicely. On top of this, separated by about one-sixteenth of an inch, is an- other plate with a smaller hole in it and so arranged as to swing on a pivot.. To use this contrivance it is only neces- sary to place the larger hole over the egg that has previously been placed in an egg- cup. The handleis held in the left hlng, and with the right the knife is passed be- tween the two plates, cutting off the top of the egg in the neatest manner. To Increase Sail Area. A method of arranging the rigging of a sloop 8o it will carry as much sail asa schooner is the invention of William King of New Orleans, La. There is considerable mechanism about the vessel, but it is all intended to facilitate the handling of the saiis. The hull and masts of Mr. King’s vessel are about the same as those in general use. 'Fastened rigid to the hull are two steps, one on each side of the mastand inde- pendent of it. Pivotally mounted in each -step is a spinnaker boom. The gaff is made in two sections, secured by bands that per- mit a sliding movement between them, A halyard is made to ogouu over pulleys and to raise or lower the upper section as | | 1o me that the experiment was of such | desired, There are two sets of gaffs and 29 spinnakers, each supplied with a suit of sails that can be handled independently or together. There are two jibs arranged in the same way. On either side of the bowsprit there is a step secured to the hull. A spinnaker boom is mounted in each. One of the jib- stays goes to the top and the other goes to the masthead. This, of course, makes the jibs of different sizes, but that is the way they would be in aschooner. The sail area of this vessel is nearly three times that of an ordinary sloop, and there is no doubt but that in’ sailing before the wind she would be able to make good time. The topmast 1s adjustable, so that when neces- sary it can be lowered and the vessel put under jury rig in a very few minutes. Substitution for Amputation often misinterpreted, was explained aslong agoas 1753 by Franklin in the following characteristic and simple words: “The spout appears to drop or d-scend from the crond though the materials of which it is composed are all the while ascending, for the moisture is condensed faster in a right line downwards than the vapors the selves can climb in aspiral line upwards, Such is the modern theory of the torna- do, developed by Ferrel, exhibited in our illustrations, and tound to_be in complete aceordance with recorded facts, Theory shows that tornadoes will prevail where the geographical conditions are favorable to the facile movement of cold air from the north alongside or above warm air from the south. Such an area exists par excellence over the flat river basins of the Mississippi, Missouri and A new and simple mode of treatment has been introduced in France, by which, it is claimed, a large proportion of injured limbs now usually amputated can be saved. The method, which is due to Dr. Reclus, was recently described before the French Congress of Surgery. and is thus explained by the hospital: Whatever the extent or gravity of the lesions, he never, under any ecircumstances, amputates the injured limb, but merely wraps it in anti- septic substances by a veritable ‘‘embalm- ing” process, leaving nature to separate the dead from the living issues. This method of treatment possesses the double advantage of being much less fatal than surgical exwmresis, and of preserving for the use of the patient, if not the entire limb, at nn{ rate a much larger part than would be left after amputation. He ad- vocates this very conservative treatment on account of the excellent effects of hot water, which he uses freely. After the skin has been shaved and cleansed from all fatty substances by ether, etc., In the usual way, a jet of hot water is made to irrigate all the injured surfaces, and to penetrate into all the hol- lows and all the detached parts of the wound, withouv exception. This is the only way of removing all clots, and to wash away all foreign bodies, together with the micro-organisms they may eon- tain. The advantages of hot water at this high temperature are threefoid—(1) hot water at this temperature is antisept heat greatly increases the potency of an septic substances; (2) is hemostatic [that is, stanches the flow of blood]; (3) it helps to compensate for the loss of heat, result- ing from the bleeding, and eagecially from the traumatic shock. After the ‘embalm- ing’ process, and the dead tissue has been separated from the living, the surgeon has nothing to do except to divide the bone at a suitable spot. According to Reclus, the results obtained are remarkable. The Science of Tornadoes. The remarkable prevalence of tornadoes over the Middle States during the present spring, and the fearful destruction to life and property wrought in particular by the storm at St. Louis, following close upon similar ones in Central Micaigan, Kansas, Iowa, etc., naturally opens up the practi- cal question as to what causes these storms to be so terribly frequent in the States,and whether by a study of their causes and prevalence in time and place we shall ever be in a position to predict or control them. We purposely use the word *‘tornado,” and not the word ‘*‘cyclone,’” since it is only by the perpetuation of a popular er- ror that the word cyclone has ever been applied to these pecaliarly local and de- | structive phenomena, which are specific- ally and generically different from the ordinary disturbances covering large areas and properly named cyclones. Thus the smallest cyclone covers 100 miles, while the largest tornado only covers two miles in width and averages only 1369 feet, according to Finley. A cyclone arises in these latitudes from the interaction of large air currents form- ing part of the general atmospheric circu- lation, and in the tropics from slowly ac- cumulating differences of temperature and humidity in a horizontal direction spread- ing over large areas and causing hori zontal instability and ultimately motion. Tornadoes, on the other hand, arise within a cyclonic area from the rapid oc- currence of a strong contrast in the tem- perature of the air in a vertical direction, causing vertical mslnbiln&{ and a burstin, up of overheated air and vapor throug an overlying layer of cold air. SAs soon as ever the upward flow starts the surrounding air isdrawn in to fill its place. Spiral rotation starts just as in the | case of water descending through a vent, and by known mathematical principles the rotational velocity increases enor- mously near the center. A tube of air ascends' in spiral rotation, widening up- | ward owing to the greater freedom of | motion above the earth, and as the cen- tral yortex ngpmaches the condition ot a vacuum by the centrifugal tendency of rotating_air condensation of vapor takes place within it and is propagated from above downward in proportion to the vio- lence of the motion, giving the well- known appearance of the funnel cloud de- scending toward the earth. This last phenomenon, which has been Ohio, and as a fact we find the States em- braced by their area most visited by tor- nadoes. ~Independently of geographical locality such a crossing of currents, es- cially cold over warm, occurs in the gfs.m. octant of a cyclornie and it is pre- cisely in this part of a cyclone or what is frequently termed a “low” that tornadoes are generated. The same octant when the vertical temperature differences are less marked is frequently the seat of a small subsidiary “low” in which thunderstorms occur. A thunderstorm, waterspout and tornado are in tact first cousins, Another factor favorable to tornado for- mation is a sluggish movement of the air, allowing a local accumulation of heat an molsture, causing what is termed oppres- sive weather, and since such heating u; near the surface, with cold air overhead, occurs most readily in the early summer it is not surprising to find that the re- searches of Lieutenant Finley place the month of May as that of greatest tornado frequency. When the gun is loaded it only requires the exercise of a small mus- cular effort to release an immense poten- tial of energy. . Similarly in the case of the tornado, the heat and other conditions may have been accumulating for some days, but the mo- ment most favorable to its sudden trans- formation is when the daily temperature bas reached its highest point, thatisin the afternoon, and though torna&oeu have been recorded at all nours of the day they are most common in the afternoon. Again, since they occur on the southeast side of a cyclone they travel in the same direction as the air moves in this part, viz.: from southwest to northeast, and as the condi- tions favor their develogment chiefiy on this side of tlie area if there is more than one tornado they will usually travel along parallel paths. In aadition to these general motions a tornado whirl, owing to the variations in the local conditions which regulate its development, frequently oscillates up and down, now descending to the earth and again whirling harmiessly overhead and swaying from side to side, occasionally doubling over its path, but only within narrow limits, and always maintaining a generally easterly course. From the theory it appears that while the velocity with which the tornado is propagated is no greater than that of the middle stratum of the cyclone within which it is generated, viz., forty-four miles an hour, according to Finley the velocity of the air round the central vortex may rise to 500 miles or more per hour. As a matter of fact, Finley nas measured effects which can only have been produced by such velocities, and we may take it that the horizontal force of the wind, near the center, is frequently as much as 250 pounds to the square foot, sufficient to wreck any building, especially when in consequence of the arrival of the traveling vacuum over it, the air within exerts this force in bursting the roof and walls outward. In <LZ=ZLE) <sSss= An Economical Pen—Three in One. A Riverside Man’s Invention for Halving Eggs Neatly and Cleanly. The New Dumping Wagon. Ilustrating M-. King’s Ingenious M thod of I cre: ing the “ail ‘re: of m 8jop. e SEATOTRED. To Keep the Baby Quiet, the Contrivance of a Chatham (N, Y.) Man¢ TRIAL TRIP OF the case of the memorable tornado at Mount Carmel, Iil,, oen June 4, 1877, the lifting force of the vortex appears to have lasted long enough to perform a most singular feat. “Bince by it ‘‘the spire, vane and gilded ball of the Methodist church’ wer‘:1 carried fifteen miles to the northeast- ward. Fortunately, in comparison with the long paths of cyclones proper, which have been traced nearly round the globe, the length of the track of a tornado is usually not more than twenty miles altogether, and it only comes to earth, so to speak, through a portion of tuis. Consequently, although terribly destructive within their Timuts, the chances of a tornado striking a large city in the tornado area of the States is not large, though when, as in the pres- ent case, it does do so, the destruction is on a terrible scale, and with the annual increase in population in cities will tend to increase. One line of both practical warning and fruitful investigation nglpears to be em- phatically taught by the theory of tor- nadoes, and that is the measurement of temperature in a vertical direction. Upon this the formation of a tornado chiefly de- pends, and, apart from all other prognos- tics, one of the best ways of forecasting the probable presence or abscence of tornadoes would be toattach a series of thermometers or thermographs to a kite or small balloon wire and keep a daily record of the differ- ences at certain heights. Any abnormal difference, especially in the direction of heat below and great cold above. might be translated as a danger signal of the highest importance. In this respect the daily experiments of A. Law- rence Rotch at the Blue Hill Observatory, near Boston, where he sends up a thermo- graph to a height of nearly 4000 feet above the earth, possess an unusual interest, and it is to hoped now that they are seen to be capable of being used in the preservation of life, they may be imitated and extended by the State for the benefit of the peovle committed to its charge, and that the State should once for ail admit the value of scientific research so far as to endow it, and relin- quish the ignoble plan it has oo often pur- sued hitherto of allowing a private indi- vidual to spend his time and money in a research of which it ultimately reaps the advantage after unnecessary delay. To counclude, we maintain that torna- does are not only predictable, but prevent- ible, and, though the latter belongs to a stage of civilization for which the world is scarcely ready just at present, the former is a pressing duty which it behooves the State to carry out without delay. D. ARCHIBALD. Three Pens In One. Augustus Groundman of New York, N. Y., has produced a novelty 1n the shape of a pen. Itshould also prove economical. The pen is of the usual shape and pro- vided with the usual point. But there are two slots on either side of it which con- verge in the center so as to form addi- tional points. There is a central slit that passes along the back from the first point to a vent in the upper point. The idea is that when the two lower ints are used until they become worth- ms they can be broken off and the portion of the pen behind will form a new point. lln: this" way each pen is really equal to three, New Dumping-Wagon. Most of the dumping-wagons in general use are made to dump over the back end. John Neuman of Baltimore, Md., has in- vented & wagon that dumps between the four wheels. This is accomplished by having the bed in two pieces hinged together at the top ana held in place by a clamp at the bot- tom. The front portion of tha bed is mounted in a stationary bearing, but the rear portion is made so that it will slide toward the front section when both are swung downward. The mechanism for operating this wagon is of the simplest kind and not likely to get out of order. There is a reg- ulating rat:het by which the length of the downward tilt can be controlled. Theiwo beds are so carefully balanced that one man can operate them. : To Keep a Baby Quiet. John E. Ring of Chatham, N. Y., has invented an apparatus to give babies plenty of air and exercise without making too much work for *‘mamma.” The appa- ratus is simplicity itself and appears to be absolutely safe. There is not much to Mr. Ring’s inven- tion. The principal part is a long pole of tough, springy wood with a fastening de- vice at its lower end and a fixed block of wood to act as a fulerum. On the upper end of the pole a basket, or rather receptacle, is hung in which baby can be placed and allowed to “‘jump” himself to his heart’s content. To adapt the same apparatus (o babies of different weights, there is a supplementary steel spring on the under side of tue pole so ar- ranged that it can be engaged in a ratchet and give it different degrees of stiffness. The basket in which the baby is piaced can be made rnamental as desired. Various Notes. The British Medical Journal reports tha those working with the X rays are likely to suffer from a variety of skin affections said to be similar to the results of sunburn. Gold in transit across the Atlantic “sweats,” however tightly it may be packed, says the Age of Bteel. It is usually sent in stout kegs, and squeezed in as tightly as possible, but there is a regu- lar allowance for loss by attrition upon the voyage, and in the course of years this loss to the commercial world amounts toa large sum. In a paper on the Antarctic continent, read before the Royal Society of New South Wales recently, C. Healey stated that the evidence collected tends to show Antarctica as an unstable area, at one time dissolving into an archipelago, at another resolving itseif intoa continent. From the cistribution of the pond snail Gundlachia he argues a narrow land con- nection during Mesozoic time between Tasmania and Terra del Fuego across the south pole, and that New Zealand at that time reached sufficiently near to this Ant- arctic land to receive by flight or drift many plants and animals. _ Itis well known among oculist experts that the opera-glasses which may be nired in most theaters frequently become the | medium for s diseases. Dr. Fick has shown that winking is more frequent as the retina becomes more fatigued, and it has been found that in reading at a distance of thirty centimeters thke number of winks per minute is 1.8 with electrical illumination, 2.8 with gas- light, while with weak illumination which only permits reading at eighteen centi- meters the number is 6.8 per minute. Many undertakers are now using cheap coffins pressed out of paper pulp. When polished and stained such coffins look al- most as well as those of wood. They last longer in the ground than coffins of wood or metal and theK can be hermetically sealed better than heavy metal ones. ‘Wood which has been thoroughly desic- cated will, when exposed to air under ordi- nary circumstances, absorb 5 per cent of water in the first three days, and will con- tinue. to absorb it until it reaches from 14 to 16 per cent as a normal standard. A well-known ard very prominent Eng- lish family is the possessor of a remark- able relic in the shape of a human heart preserved in a jar of alcohol. It appears that Shelley, the poet, feared that there was achance of being buried alive. To F“.m' against any such contingency he eft directions thaf his heart should be re- moved immediately after death. The queer relic may still be seen by any one pree'ding very serious eye who visits Bascombe Manor, Bourne- mouth, England. Herr A. Noil of Berlinchen, Germany, bas invented a clock that will run 10,000 years without being wound up after it is once set going. It is also provided with hands which will correctly int to all the changes of the moon, days of the week, month, ete., from now until the end of the year 11896 A.D. Sir John Lubbock, the great British na- turalist, has made some curious experi- ments in which be proves that the house- fly moves hi= wings 21,120 times a minute while flying. The tides of to-day average only about three feet in height. If the moon could be brought back to within 40,000 miles of the earth their average height would be 648 feet. According to the Medical Review bro- mide of sodium is a specific against sea- sickness, and it cites many cases where persons who were seasick on vessels along- side the dock went through cyclones with- out casting their bread upon the waters. The remedy is to be taken two or three days before embarking; it is of no avail to take it when the person is actually sea- sick, possibly for the reason that like Ban- quo’s ghost, it will not down. The university press at Oxford has ap- pliances for printing 150 different lan- guages. NEW TO-DAY. Both Liquid and Powder. In every package a battle of liquid Sozodont (il ly), @ box of fine Sozodont powder (use @& week). No other dentifrice so complete, so safe, so certain to give the best resuits, A sampleof liguid Sozodont by mail, provided you mention thisp ublication and send three cents for postage. Address the Proprietors of Sozodont, HALL & RUCKEL, Wholesale Druggists, New York Cit; RAILROAD TRAVEL. RAILROAD TRAVEL! BIG REDUCTION IN RATES BY RAIL a0esTO- 00 PORTIL.AND, OR. TUESDAY .. JUNE 2, And Every Fifth Dav Thereafter. Leave from S. P. Co.’s Ferry landing, {006 of Market st., at 8 P. . M. —Including Berth in Pullman Tour. N ist Sleeper. ....ALSO.... First-class tickets, including berth in 7 PullmanStandard Sleeper. $10:2 SPECIAL NOTICE. This train will not stop to deliver or take on pas- sengers at intermediate stations, nor will tickets ba sold or baggage checked 1o such points. Through Tickets for Puget Sound ints on Sale at Reduced Rates. or further information a/ply at 613 MARKET STREET (Grand Hotel Ticket Office), San Francisco. RICHARD GRAY, Gen. Traflic Mgr. T. H. GOODMAN, Gen. Pass. Agt. SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY, (PACIFIO SYSTEM.) Tralus leave and due {0 arrive at SAN F 1SCO. — Frow May 3, 1506, — ARRIVE A Niles, San Jose and Way Stations... S:40A 0a Atlantic Express, Oglden and Fast.. 8:439 A Benicia, Vacaville, Rumsey. mento, and Redding via Davis.... 6:45p 7:004 Martincz, San Ramon, Napa, Calis- toga and Santa Rosa. 8:15p 831304 Niles, San_Jose, Btock Sacramento, Marysville, Red aud Sundays excepted Orovill 4:15p *8:304 Peters aud Milton et L 9:004 Los Angeles Expre: Darbara and 1. Napa, Calistoga, El HSauta 1088+ feitonesst BUIBA 4:00r Benicia, Vacaville, Woodland, Knights Landing, Marysville, Oroville and Sacramento 10:454 4:30¢ Niles, San Jose, Livers Stockton T:A3r 4:30P Merced, Bere Yosetito) and Fresno . B:00r Now Orleans Lixpress, Fresuo, Bak ficld, Santa Barbara, Los Augeles Eeumh-g, El Paso, Naw Orleans an: 8:00r Santa Fo Route, for Mojave and 5:00¢ Vallejo. 6:00 0 Furo tias Tast. ai n jcs nid San Jose.... S NANTA CRUZ DIVISION (Narrow Gauge). 17:454 Santa Cruz. Bxcursion, fanta Oruz and Prineip2l Way Stations ...... 18:65p 8:154 Newark, Centorville,San Jose, Felton, Toulder: Santa Cruzand Wa Stations. siser #2:15» Newark, Almaden, Felton, Boulder Creek, COruz and Principal Way COAST DIVISION (Third & *G:A0A Sau Joso and Way Blations (New Almaden Wednesdays only)....... *1:45e Principal $:184 Ban Jose, Tres Pinos, Santa C Pacitio Grove, Pasa’ Lobles, i Sax ais Obispo, Guadalupe and Prin- cipal Way f 8:474 Palo Alto a=d Way £ 104 San Joso and Way Stations. 5A Palo Alto mud Way Stal 30r Sa ti G *3:200 San Jos I *4:300 San Jose and Way Stations, B:300 San Jose aud Way Stations. :30p San Jose and Way Stations. :45p San Josoand Way Stations. T:004 7154 B:00n 10454 Melrone, Seminary Park, 1454 112:394 | Fitchburs, San Leandro - | 13:307 3:00 2:000 o ER Haywards, 7:00p > 9:00p | § Runs through to Niles. 10,501 fi“:ln; ¢ From Niles. HE2: CREEK ROUTE FERRY. From SAN FRARCISCO—Poot of Market Street (Slip 8)— *7:15 9:00 11:00AM. $1:00 *2:00 *4:00 106:00 *8:00ra. From OAKLAND—Foot of Brosdway.— 10:00a. $12:00 *1:00 © $3:00 *5:00e.x. A for Morning. P for Afternoon. * Sundays excepted. 1 Saturdays only. . 1 Sundags only. _ 4t Moaday, Thursday aud Saturday nights onlv. _ _ $3:00 *6:00 8:00 *3:00 $4:00 | | { R | { SANFRANCISCO & NORTH PA- (IFIC RAILWAY (0. Tiburon Ferry—Foot of Market St. San Francisco to San Rafael. 11:00 A..: 12:38, WEEK DAYS—7:30, 9:00, , 6:30 P. M. Thursdays—Extra G 8:30, 5:10, 8011:80 ».3. Saturdays—Extra trips at 1 _and 11:30 .. SUNDAYS—7:30,9:30, 11:00 A.3x.; 1:30, 8:30, 6:00, 6:20 P. x. San Rafael to San Francisco. WEEK DAYS_6:15, 7:50, 9:10, 1110 A, x.; 2:45, 8:40, P. . Saturdays—Ex! s SURDAY Se7 555, 6 os0r 1130 o e UN. 7335, 850, 11:10 A. 3.; 1:40, 3: 5:00, 6:25 P. . R Between San Francisco and Schuetzen Park same schedule as above. “Leave Arrive T San Francisco. | IMeffeet | gan Francisco. WEEK | SON | Wk Davs. | | Davs. Novato, 3130 T 9:30 Ax| Petaluma, 5:10 px|5:00 P Santa Rosa. 1 uiton, | T 7:30 axt| Windsor, | 110:10 axc Heald: | lGey 7:30 x| 6:15 Py 8:30 px|7:80 ax| Cloverdale. | | Vieta, | 7:80 Ax Hopland & 10:10 A | 8:50Px| 7:30am| Ukiab. | 7:30 px| 6:15 P T80 Ax| ] [10:10 A |7:30 ax|Guerneville. | 7:30 px 3:30 P | | | 6:15 e 7:80 AM|7:30 AM| Sonoma |10:40 A | 8:40 AM 5:10 P 5:00 Px| and 6:05 Py | 6:15 BM | | Glen Ellen. | 7:30 A |7:80 Ax| 10:40 A% 10:10 Ax 8:30 pax|5:00 pa| Sebastopol. | 6:05 PM| 6:15 px Stages connect at Santa Rosa for Mark ‘West Springs: at Geyserville for Skages Springs: at Cloverdale for the Geysers; at Pieta for Highland Springs, Kelseyville, Soda’ Bay and Lakeport Hopland for Lakeport and Bartlett Sprin Uklah for Vichy Springs, Saratoga Springs, Blue Lakes, Laurel Dell Lake, Upper Lake, Pomo, Potter Valley, John Day’s, Lierley’s, Bucknell's, San_ hedrin’ Heights, Hullville, Booneville, Green wood, Orr’s Hot Springs, Mendocino City, Fort Bragg, Westport, Usal, Willets, Cahto, Coveio, Laytonville, Harrls, Scotia and Eureka. Saturday t0 Monday round-trip tickets at redueed rates. & On Sundays round-trip tickets to all points be- youd San Rafael at half rates. Ticket Offices, 650 Marketst., Chronicle building. H, C. WHITING, R. X. RYAN, Gen. Manager. Gen. Pass. Agent. Atlantic Pacific RAILROAD N ‘Trains I ks d arrl \ 5 5p TR S SANTA FE EXPRESS To Chicago via A. & P. Direct Line Leaves every day at 5 P. M., carrying Pullman Palace Sleepers and Tourist Sleepers to Chicago via Kansas City ;)“Tw‘ change. ADnex cars for Denver and St. uis. The Potliar SasTA FE ROUTE EXCUR- SIONS leave every WEDNESDAY for BOSTON with the very latest up-to-date uphoistered tourist sleepers, in charge of experienced agents, running The best rallway from Callfornia to the East. New rails, new Ues: no_dust: interesting scenery; and good meals in Harvey's dining-rooms. Ticket Office—644 Market Street, Chronicle Bullding. NORTH PACIFIC COAST RAILROAD (Via Sausalito Ferry). From San Francisco, Comm: neing March 26, 1896 WEEKDAYS. | through to destination. For Mill Valley and San Rafael — 7:00, *8:00 9:15 10216, 1145, 4. a: +1:45, 3120, 410 5:15, ¥6:00. 5:35 P, i, Extra trips for San Rafael on Mondays, Wednes days and Saturdays a: 11:30 ». M Ratael —*8: *9: 851550, S51b, *4i0% ratrip (0 Sausalitoas Tralns marked * run to San Quentin. *13:138 .. does net rum to Mill Valley.