The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 15, 1896, Page 15

= . put to the best possible uses, and the army | - on the map. - send a percentage of our revenue to the THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, MARCH 15, 1896. 15 R, ‘ j\\‘t‘* R e N ENRUR R AN TR N\ HE demonstration Union, New York day answered finally the question | 2s to whether or not there isto be | 8 split in the Salvation Army. There is a split in the Salvation Army. Oooper Union was crowded with people, who, upon the entrance of Ballington and Mrs. Booth, broke into a tumult of ap- plause, waving hats and canes and crying “Hail to our American leader.” Again and again was the outburst renewed, and ceased only after many minutes and when exhaustion itself checked it. Before this hurricane of enthusiasm, | provoked by their personal presence, Mrs, | Booth threw herself upon her kneesand | buried her face in her hands. Ballington Bmlh remained, with bowedthead, stand- ing. It was a demonstration such as it is scarcely in human nature to withstand. They have not withstood it and have taken their places at the head of a corps of se- ceders from the Salvation Army. | The Salvation Army teaches self-abnega- | tion. That isits prime article of faith— | everything for God and humanity. The incident has given pause to the whole world, and the great religious or- ganization, the growth of which has been | one 0. the wonders of the time, has been | transfxed in the public eye. FEx- cept to those especially enlisted the | army has been hitherto allowed to go on with its work without much inquiry as to its methods. It was known to be “‘doing religi n on a practical basis,” and doing it | well, and as such was favored and en- cours zed by almost everybody. But the | break ng away from the father by the son, | suppcsed to be one of the leader’s most capable and trusted lieutenants, has turned the questioning eye of the world upon the army. Soldiersiand outsiders alike are | asking, “Why?"” and “What is this Salva- | tion Army that it shouid ask of aleader | something which he should feel that he | ought to refuse even at the risk of being | ealled ‘traitor’?” % Only ashort time ago Mrs. Ballington Booth was here in San Francisco, preach- | ing aboye all things “loyalty to the flag” | and “discipline in the army.” Discipline | —itis\not generaily known—is the super- structure upon which the army is built. It is insisted upon as strictly in thisasin the army of the United States. Hence the more surprise is felt all down the lipe of | t. & red-shirted battalions at the action of | their late commanaer—all down the line in | the West, at least, where there seems to be no disposition whatever to follow his lead | in this. The cry of “Americanizing the army,” under which the blg defection has been organized, is not new. A split was| effected under it in 1884 by Major Thomas E. Moore, the then American Commis- | sioner. He had got his accounts in a tangle, and there was much gossip about misappropriation of funds to the point of a revolt, when an agent was appointed to come over from London to investigate. Moore resisted and immediately set up the cry of English interference. He himself had come over as an English- man, but had had time to become natural- ized just as has Ballington Booth. Moore | declared for a distinctly American army, appropriating the whole paraphernalia, the uniform, the name, the War Cry and every other feature of the army. He carried nearly the whole American army of that day with nim. His successor of | the army proper had a hard contest on hand, but without making any special war and simply working on origina! lines was entirely successful. Pretty soon there was a split in Moore’'sarmy. An adjutant | had a falling out and set up for himself. | Pretty soon again there was a split in that | corps, and by such degrees the “Ameri- canized army” fell to pieces. This 15 what the officers -of the Pacific Coast Chief Division pre- dict for the Defenders’ League—Balling- ton Booth’s enterprise—having ever be- fore it the example of the leader. Notone of them has an uvkind word to say of their late commander, but all speak of his action with sorrow and regret. But of the “Americanization of the army,”” of which 80 much has been said, they uniformly characterize it as ‘rot.” “8o far as the working of the army is concerned,”” said Brigadier Keppel yester- day, “we would not know that England is It is true that reports go to | the London headquarters monthly and at quarterly. Everything goes there so that the London office is thoroughly posted on | the work, but it does not interfere. Our | headquarters are at New York. It is an | in berent part of the system to conform 10 | the national spirit and customs of the peo- | ple wherever the work is prosecuted. Bal- | lington Booth was naturalized when he | became commissioner to America. Com- mander Booth-Tucker, his successor, will 0o doubt become naturalized. | *As for our sending money to London it is all nonsense. It is true we do re-| spond to an occasional special plea or sénd a little now and then. but in my three vears of command of this division I do not think we have sent $1000 altogether away from the coast. We do not even gend money to New York. Yes, we do fund for the support of troken down offi- cers as is required from every division headquarters, but as we have a home here | and take care of our own—the only divis- jonal heaaquarters that does so—that money is returned to us. “We know that the money that comes into the coffers of the army everywhee is | is sustaised by this bond of absolute mu- | tnal confiflence. Itis used for extending | the work, for relieving the distressed. I | have beey many Years in the army. I| entered it|with a determination to cry out sgainst u.v fraud that [ might discover| i | | was perfectly honest. | family reasons be saw fit to refuse. X immediately I had discovered it. Either I am a ool for not having discovered it, if there is any, or I am in collusion with the m, for I declare my firm allegiance to the admi nistration. I believe the army is operated with no other end than to save men—body and soul. General Booth him- self has said it was his great ambition to {be able to s that he did not gain s _livelihood from the organ- | ization. He is able to say so. Three | men came forward and offered to bear the expenses of his living—his and his family. He lives with extreme modesty, in what | most people would call poor quarters. His | children as they have grown up have all | | entered the army and become self-sup- | porting. No,” continued the bricader, “people who question the methods of the army do so because (hef’ do mnot under- stand its moving principle. It is the s cialism taught by Jesus Christ—to ‘serve each other with love.’ I have had many people say to me ‘If I could only get ser- vants to work for me as these girls work for the army 1 would be willing to pay them large wages.” But they can’t buy it, you see. They do this work for the {0\2 of it. Don’t you suppose I could go and make my living—a very good living—in some other line? 1 was engaged in the big publishing-house of P. F. Collier & Co. in New York when I joined the army. But no employer could pay me to perform the work 1 do here. Nobody knows what a strain it is. In any other employ- ment & man quits at a certain hour of the day ana throws off his worry. This work is a part of myself; it is always with me. only what will barely keep me. Manya captain in the field receives more because he has a larger family. The pay is gradu- ated not by ability, rank or length of ser- vice, but by necessity alone. Neither 1s there any distinction on account of rank. No looking up to or bowing down before rank. We are bound together by a great bond of mutual love and confidence and assistance. We equally share in the for- tunes of the army. If the revenues are short we all suffer alike, often going with- out any spending money at ali. If they are large no one gets more than what in any other trade would be deemed a pit- tance, for the surplusages are devoted to extending the work and relieving the des- titute; yet every soldier in the army and every officer is happy in his work, exhaust- ing though it is, and would not change i “‘So, therefore, I give no thouvght to an: of the insinuations asto Ballington Booth on the money question. 1 know that he His orders to fare- well were only those that were issued to all other territorial commanders. For That is all there is to 1t T believe. I am sorry for the general’s sake. It is a great blow to him, returning from the magnificent campaign in India to find disruption in his own household.” This is the sentiment of all the officers of the army here. Booth-Tucker, the new American com- mander, comes from India, by the way. Speaking of him Mnigr Halpin, editor of the War Cry, said: “His career is a strik- ing illustration of this very principle of discipline that mostiy prevails in the army. Tucker was an English Judge in India, receiving a splendid salary—<£3000, 1 belie ve—and was in a fair way to retire { upon a competency very shortly when a copy of the War Cry fell into nis hands. He became interssted, secured more of our literature, and concluded to go to England and_investigate the workings of the army. ‘This is the very thing for India,” he said. He resigned from the bench, secured a commission, took a few lieutenants and commenced work in the streets of Bombay. He discarded his Eng- lish clothing and adopted that of the poor priests of that country; went barefooied and begged subsistence from door to door as they do. Tucker married one of the daughters of General Booth and hyphen- ated the name. He joined the army solely because he was inspired with a desire to | be; i My remuneration is | b THE SALVATION A@MN ; OMETHING OFITS STORY, ITS GENERAL SWEME,WSW@RD& ANDPURPOSEALTS DISCIPLINE) HEDESERTION OF BALLINGTON : ANDOFTH Boomd | 1 1 | | | KELPNG Tl ACCOUNTS OF TnfF ARNM'Y [ I /I T G 3 il i g i el methods in India. And yet he is now or- dered to say farewell there and transfer his labors to America. His work here | will be as distinctly American as in India it was Indian. “It is a part of the system that has grown up through years of experience that the officers from "top to bottom of the great fabric shall be changed about at intervals. The territorial commanders expect to be | moved every seven years. allington | Booth has been the American commander for nine years. I think General Booth has | raised himself immeasurably in the esteem | of the army of the world in that he has not made an exception of or deferred to the wishes of his son in this matter. It is no | wish of any commander to break up all the | associations he may have formed through | a long service and begin his labors in some | new quarter where perhaps the army has been disorganized and non-supporting. But this is the law of the army. It does | not seek the individual comfort of its mem- bers, but the turtherance of the general good, and in that light all will recognize this as a good law.” As gained from the brigadier and other officers of the divisional headquarters, the answer to the question as to what the nn;(?v is—its general scheme, how it is financed, | what it does and proposes to do and some- thing of the mysterious bond that causes men capable of filling large money-earning ;)oaitions to labor in its ranks, may be ound here. Gengral Wilbam Booth at Spmething 36 vears of age began preach- It Began. ing in the streets for the first time on July 5, 1865, at Mile End Waste, London. He had no plan or idea at that time of the immense orgsniza- tion of which he now stands at the head and which extends round the world. So fur from that he felt great diffidence about accepting the invitation to do so. Speak- ing of it he says: ‘I feared my ability to deal with people of this class. I had made several efforts and apparently failed and the thought saddeneg and oppressed me I would yond measure, ve given 1 prosecute the work ' of salvation by its | worlds, had they been mine, to have been qualified to attract and interest and lead to salvation the masses I saw around me, as | completely outside the Christian circle as the untaught heathen of foreign lands, but I despaired of accomplishing it. This, I thought, was not my vocation.” The Salvation Army proper was organ- ized in 1873. 1t spread to this country in 1880. The original headquarters on’this side of the Atlantic was in Philadelphia with Commissioner George Scott Railton to innufi_urnte the campai‘gn with ten *las- sies.” The army in the United Statesnow numbers 30,000 soldiers and 400,000 adher- ents—people who attend the meetings and are attached to no other church. The Na- gpnal headquarters is now in New York ity. i A soldier of the army is one who signs the articles of war, which is a declaration that he has received salvation, and be- lieves solemnly that the Salvation Army has been raised up by God, and is sus- tamed and directed by bim. He declares hisfull determination, by God’s help, to be a true soldier of the army till he gie : that he is thoroughly convinced of the truth of the army’s teaching; that the Scriptures were given Dby inspiration of God; believes in an eternal heaven or hell; that herenounces the world, its com- panionships and treasures, and will de- clare himself boldly as a soldier of Jesus Christ in all places and companies, no matter what he may have to suffer, do, or lose by doing; that he will spend all his time, strengtu, money and influence that he can in supporting and carrying on . the war, and will endeavor to lead his family, friends, neighbors, and all others whom he can influence, to do the same; that he will obe[y the lJawful orders of his officers, and will carry out to the utmostall the orders and regulations of the army. Soldiers are not required to but are ex- pected to wear the uniform, not to smoke, 10 wear no, jewelry or feathers, to practice | economy in every way, not to go tolaw with each other, not to visit officers’ head- tfiua_rten. not to get in debt, to be neat and clean personally, and to keep their houses and children so; no !glqg‘fihng. jesting or flirting at meetings; d stop indoors BRIGADICR KEPPEL :IJWS HEADQVARTERS N e v ' if cannot stand blows; should look after the sick, ete. £ These are only a few of many regula- tions suggested for their guidance. The commissioned officers of the army are re- quired to give their whole time to its work., Non-commissioned officers, cor- : porals, sergeants, sergeant-majors, etc., are those who are singled out by the officer in command for certain special duties, but who otherwise earn their livelihood apart i from the army. To become a commis- | sioned officer it isnecessary to have served six months in the ranks. ‘A long form is prepared for those applying for commis- sions, the questions upon w%ich are direct and personal, and inquire after every phase of the applicant’s life. These forms, properly filled out, are sent to the division commander and are examined by him | alone. He then transmits them to the | national or territorial commander, and he | to the general headquarters. The a; pli»' cant has also to pass a_satisfactory physi- cal examination, especially as to his throat and lungs, showing himself or herself able to meet the demands of ‘‘tield work”— that is, speaking in the open airand.under- going the general strain of the meetings, which is said to be severe. | Some of the questions required to be answered are of the most delicate and per- i sonal nature, such as “Are you engaged | to be married?” ‘“Are you writing to any one with the idea of marriage?”’ Ana among the promises exacted from candidates is that marriage shall not be entered upon for some time at least. ‘“‘These questions and pledges,” ex- vplained Brigadier Keppel, *‘may be thought by outsiders who do not understand the scope of thearmy to be an unwarranted interference in personal matters. But they are precautions found to be necessary. For instance, a young woman, ‘alass,’ as we call them, may enter the army with an entirely pure and devoted purpose, ex- pecting to find everything and everybody within the circle as’ good and pure as she | is. Some scheming rascal may see her | and enter the army, making every profes- sion of religion, as others do,and there lay sgese to and win her. When they are mar- ried he will throw off the cloak, appear in his true colors and bring great misery to her. Instances of that kind caused the general to take these precautions. Mothers came to him and said, ‘General, we cannot allow our daughters to enter your army unless they and we have some ‘protection NESIRE LTI Y | UHABTH | against such uses being made of it.” So | | both women and men are required to tell | ali these relationships, in order that neither shall be made victims of.”’ ‘With the application also must be sent a photograph of the applicant. The a; plication being approved, the candidate is admitted to the training barracks as a cadet. There he is instructed in the “‘art of salvation”—how to make visits, how to conduct street meetings, how to canvass saloons and other public places, sell War | Crys, and their judgment and reading of | human nature is developed. They -are | also put through a course of Bible study. | The garrison of the lasses is at the di | sional headquarters on Market street. That for the men is in Oakland, The g risons accommodate about a dozen cundi- | dates at one time and are always full. { Often applicants are required to wait their turn. Cadets remain in the training gar- risons for six months. If they show them- selves fitted they are, upon recommenda- tion of the officer in charge, sent to some post as a lieutenant. When entering the garrison they give their promise if not | chosen for a commission to return a faith- ful soidier to the ranks. The lieutenant 1s not eligible to com- mand of a corps—a captaincy—until after a service of one year, so that no man can become commander of a post until two | years of service in thearmy. An ordained minister of the gospel would have to go through this course. Neither influence nor money can buy a commission. After the captaincy is reached promotion is by selection from headquarters on the score | of merit and adaptabllity to the various phases of the work., The pressman in the | success are so much less; they find it more | | difficult to move about and adapt them- | *“‘cartridge” money, general trade profits, ‘War Cry office, for instance, is a captain, nrgoimed for long and faithful service, although he is not adapted for field work. Now about the finances— How how the army is sustained the Army and the amount of money s there is in it for those who Financed. devote their entire time to the work. In the first place every post is expected to be seli-supporting. ‘When a new post is to be opened a captain and leutenant are sent to the field with enough money to rent a suitable room and furnish it with benches and a few lamps and some printed text for the walls. This money they are expected to return— it is only a'loan. They can adopt any hon- orable means for raising the necessary funds to carry on the work—they are thrown upon their own resources. Many | of the captains develop a genius in this | line and quickly put their post on a paying basis, while others are lacking in business tact. Captain Wood, in charge of the Lifeboat on Oregon street,is a good in- stance of the former. Under a heavy ex- pense, conducting a big establishment Wwhere bed—that is a cot—and a breakfast of coffee and crackers -is supplied to the needy at 5 cents for the entire entertain- ment, he has kept his balances on the richt sideof the ledger always. The revenues of the ordinary post are the voluntary contri- butions of the roldiers made in envelopes which are called ‘‘cartridges’; proiits ifrom sale of the War Cry—four-tenths of a cent per copy—percentages on the sale of other army literature and donations of friends. Out of these they must pay their rent, lights, bheat and the personal expenses of the officers for living and a 10 per_cent tax for the support of divisional headguarters for prosecution of the work and the sup- port of the officers’ Home of Rest at Beu- lah. If thereis anything above this the officers are allowed a salary, if unmarried, of $7 a week for a male captain and $6 for a male lieutenant; $6 for a woman captain | and $5 for a woman lieutenant. The dif- | ference in the pay of men and women here is explained on the basis of the rule of “necessity’” that runs through the whole of the army. As Brigadier Keppel said: “The pay is not less to the woman because she {s" less efficient, for we have found it quite the other way in the army. But a | woman needs less than a man. She can do many things that cost money that a | man cannot—such as washing, ironingand | mending. A man will have to hire_these things done. Therefore she is paid less only because she needs less.” A On this same principle the married offi- | cer gets more money as his family in- creases. With the coming of each succes- sive baby he is allowed $1 more per week for its sustenance. Married men and women of large families are not encour- | aged to become officers, as the chances of | selves to the orders and reguiations. A | | man’s wife in the service is always of the ‘ same rank as the man. From each post a minute report of pro- | ceedings is expected every week, for which | blanks are furnished. The report calls for the number of soldiers enrolied, number of | recruits, number of copies of the War Cry ordered and sold, number in attendance | at open-air meetings, at the Sunday meet- ‘ ings, at indoor meetings, amount of corps liabilities, etc. Ten per cent of the income must be sent to headquartcrs as | stated. The scldiers at headquarters are | much the same as those in the field, and | if the resources in the field are small then | the remittances are small and the staff | officers are thus subject to the same pre- carious chances as those in the field, being dependent upon them. The field officers are subject to orders to change quarters at any time,’ the successful ones being_ sent | to fields that are not successful in order to bring them up to a self-sustaining and otherwise successful basis. Every corps when enjoying success has a secretary and | treasurer, who look aiter the funds and | accounts under the supervision of the cap- | tain. The corps’ reports are carefuily in- spected at division headquarters and trans- mitted in_condensed form to New York | and New York in turn reports to London. At division headquarters an elaborate set | of books are kept on special forms that prevail everywhere throughout the army. So that it is claimed no license is given to any indiviaual such as would enable him to misappropriate funds without being quickly found out. Vouchers are given and taken for every money transaction, no matter bow trifling, and altogether it is claimed for the system of bookkeeping that it is most exacting. Of the 10 per cent paid into_divisional | headquarters one-third only is retained | here, the balance being sent to National headquarters, as required by the regu- lations, whence it 1s distributed where needed for the care of the ‘sick and wounded” — that is, officers dis- | abled in any way in the service. As this division supports its own Home of | Rest for this purpose their money 1s re- turned here, so that “all money sub- scribed to the cause in this division,” said Brigadier Ke[)pel. ‘is spent in prose- cuting the work here. 80 that with all this prac- tical work to do the head- quarters on. Market street is not so much like a pas- tor's study as it is like the office of a big business enterprise. Every- body is busy, messengers come and go, volice officers come in with reports of | people 1n distress to be looked after, of- | ficers are bringing their reports, clerks are adding up accounts, the editor of | the War Cry and his assistants are rinding out copy for the printers, who, in another department, are setting up the type and running off an edition, while a couple of very good cooks are pre- paring a meal for all hands, The briga- dier has his hands full, and the man who wants to see him must first explain his | business to the private secretary in an outer office, who will probably communi- cat’e the business tbrough a speaking- tube. There are gathered under this roof, be- sides the Brigaaier and Mrs. Keppel, Major William Halpin, editor of the War Cry; Captain Day, sub-editor; Ensign and Headquarters s Place, | printers and others, | referred Mrs. McFee, in charge of the social wing (under Mrs. Keppel); Adjutant Boyden, assistant in charge of ‘‘the trade’’—that is literature (aside from the War Cry) and Salvation Army goods; Captain and Lieu- tenant Wise, in charge of the auxiliary work, together with a corps of bookkeepers, making quite a little army in itself. 3 This division is the only one in the United States publishing a separate War Cry, aside of course from New York. Its accounts are kept separate from all the others. The paper has a circulation of 19,000 and the revenue from it pays the rent of the divisional headquarters. The work of the brigadier Labor of and his staff is indicated the here. A field captain and Officers lieutenant is expected to and labor nine hours aday. He the Army. is obligated to devote three 4 hours each day in visiting. He is required to hold eight outdoor meet- ings every week and ten indoor meetings. The outdoor meetings are held at 7 o’clock every evening, followed by an indoor meet- ing. On Sundays meetings are held at 7 and 11 o’clock in the morning and 3 and 8 o’clock in the evening, the latter three being outdoor meetings. The field officers are otherwise required to busy themselyes in selling the army literature, especially the War Cry. The paper is used as a lever or open sesame to the saloons and other places where the lassies would have diffi- culty in entering without it. There are nine corps in the City, officered as de- scribed. But it is the visible results of the work of the army that enlist the sympathy of the whole people in its behalf, as Ensign McFee says. Ensign Mckee, under Mrs. Keppel, is with his wife in charge of the social wing of the army’s work. “We look out for the bodies as a preliminary step to saving the soul.” The social wing began its work in November, 1891, by undertaking to provide shelter for an old lady who had been turned out of her home. They had considerable They Take difficulty in providing for Care of her, but accomplished the fie Bedy feat. That was' only five years ago, but the army has since then established a rescue home for women who have made a misstep and de- sire to reform; a men’s shelter, the place to where a place to sleep and a cup of coffee are provided for a nickel; a children’s home, where care is | taken of little ones whose parents are un- | able to do so; a woman’s sheliter similar to that for men recently established. ‘Then they have recently esfablished a sys- tem under which priconers as they are ischarged are taken under their kindly wing, work provided for them and every opportunity given them to start li‘e again on proper lines. Then they have been | making a specialty of caring for old and friendless women, The little money handed them from the Robinson bequest, which stipulates that it be so expended, started them on that tack, and Ensign McFee says that it has also set other people to donating money for that pur- pose. Considerable sums’ of money are donated to the different funds that have been established for these various institu- tions and the utmost care is taken not to divert such sums to any but the stip~ ulated purpose. They have, too, a re- cently ~inuugurated ‘“children’s shoe fund.” Children cannot go to school very well even in California with- out shoes. Cases coming to the at- tention of schoolteachers of children detained at home from this cause we re- orted to the Salvation Army. The chil- ren present themselves to Captain Mc- Fee, who satisfying himself that the re- port is correct, fits the child out with the shoes, being careful to keep the old pair so that the child must wear the new ones away. Thisisa firecamion as against any temptation which the father might have to take the shoes away from the child and sell them for liquor. Ensign McFee has a | room at the headquarters for the storing of old clothes and such things donated for distribution. This is the part of the work of the army that is said to have ‘‘visible signs.” It is charity on a big scale, but managed with system and care to avoid imposition. But there is that something in what the briga- dier calls the “art of salvation” that goes with it that is also a vissible sign, and sur- rises the onlooker. It isthat which the ady saw who was seeking the servant when she said she would be willing to pay we!l for such work and devotion as she saw among the army lassies in the army work. “For instance,” said Ensign McFee speaking of this feature, “‘we had the case of a man who had gone down, down, down under the influence of liquor. Love of wife, the esteem of his fellows, and of himself—nothing could reach him. He was lost—his friends and family thought so. But suddenly the Salvation Army reaches him and he straightway stands erect; becomes a new man and re- mains steadfast. It is something that can- not be bought. Under its influence men do not care for money except for the good that may be accomplished with it. There are excellent men working here, as there are throughout all the ramifications of the army, for their mere living. There is an artist making the pictures on the War Cry, an excellent all-round man; there is the pressman, a first-class mechanic; there are the printers, there are our cooks, all of them working for their mere living. I be- lieve they get $4 per week. The editor ot the War Cry preceding Major Halpin re- fused to take more than that sum until the National headquarters insisted. The Salyation Army is the working out of that socialism tanght by -Jesus Christ. The members of the army find their chief joy in their labor of love for their fellows. They do not find the need of money for themselves. They simply work and do not fear.” It is quite common in Fiji and Samoa for a man to bear upon his arm or body a certificate of his birth, which is prnctics{ly indelible. Tattooing is carried on in these slands to an absurd extent, and it is the practice to tattoo on the hand of a mother the date of her child’s birth. z5d | THE PRINTINC OFFICE = OF THE i WAR CRV-,