The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, February 11, 1896, Page 10

10 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1896 B, F. HUDELSON ON THE A P. A The State President Ex-| pounds Its Political Principles. FATHER YORKE QUERIED Extending ! Time for Natural-% ization and Restricting Immigration. FOR NON-SECATRIAN SCHOOLS. Recapitulation of Former Questions. A Letter Addressed to Ameri- can Citizens. The following communication is self- explanatory : B. F. HUDELSON, State President. OFFICE Room 40, Building, 81 FRANCINC or of the Cc nications 1 o P. W. F. BARNES, treet, 10, 1896. Sir: In tor- | t forth the | Sa To the Ed. have and the “A, P, A, by the Platiorm, Council npreme E Herewith I hand You an official stetement of the “Political Prin- ciples of the A. P. A.,” enunciated by.the Na- tonal Advisory Board, which met- in’St. Louis 1 snds committed. Heretofore ixietter I have confined my- ntement in order that first of all your readers may be atforded a general view, | at once clear and comprehensive, of the broad | principles upen which the American Pro- téctive Assoc fow at 1 might not seem 1o by V WAy the issues I have cc tiously anything pight be deemed in any de- tation or &n application Such consideration will fol- those principle low in proper ¢ I have, nowev 3 before the public, but ed with equal rican citizex may be ssed to_every An of the A ther Protesiant or Catholic. f ditor, 1 su t ad- prevent co section to w s of the 2 The *Political Prin- will be found in quoted | PRINCIPLES OF THE A. P. A. on of immigration, so as to_prevent our shores of paupers, criminals 3—Is Mr. Yorke opposed to such ion of immigration as will prevent pau- Question rest pers, criminals and anarchists irom Janding on our ? re: tension of the time for naturalization, to d that toreigners may become familiar with our free ins:itutions and laws before they take part in our political aftairs.” Question 24—Is Mr, Yorke hostile to the ex- tension of the time for natnralization, to the end that foreigners mey become famiiiar with our institutions and ixws before they be per- mitted to voie? voter, to | 4. “One general non-sectarian free public school system, supported by public funds, and sufficient for the primary education of all children.” Question 26—Does Mr. Yorke oppose sup- porting from the public funds one general non- gectarian free puolic school system sufficient for the primary education of our children? | 5. *No public funds or pubiic proper(y to be used for sectarisn purposes, directly or indizectly. Question 27—Does Mr. Yorke favor using public funds or public_property for sectarian purposes whether directly or indirect 6. “Taxatlon of all property not owned and con- trolled by the Governmen Question 28—Does Mr. Yorke oppose the tax- | stion of all non-Governmental property? itations to be open o overnme:nt control.” Question 29—Does Mr. Yorke oppose the pub- lic inspection of all private schools. convents, nunneries, monasteries, semineries and other educational or charitable ins 8. “No person who recoznizes allegiance to any | foreign or eccl cal potentate as superior to that ‘of our Generai vernment shall be supported for any official position whatever.” Question 30—Does Mr. Yorke support for office any person who recognizes allegiance to any foreign or ecclesiastical potentate as supe- rior 10 our Government? 9. “Americap land for actual settlers only.” Question 31—Is Mr. Yorke in favor of grant- | ing public lands to other than actual settlers? i The questions which I'iave heretofore asked of Peter C. Yorke have referred to the princi- | ples of the American Protective Association as set forth in its decleration of objects and in its platform. That he has thus far refused to answer them is not surprising, inasmuch as he bein, ze that nothing a clever man must real: can be urged against the principles of the order. But inasmuch as he mas see fit to ttemrt to explain the position he has taken sgainst those principles as an onponent of the order founded upon them, for his convenience 1 repeat my questions here. ON OBJECTS OF 1HE A. P. A. Question 1—Does Mr. Yorke deny that pol- itice need purifying or does he object to their purification ? Question 2—Does Mr. Yorke object to our at- tacking any religions organization attempting to become &_factor in politics * Question 3—1s Mr. Yorke hostile to ouraim preserve and maintain the Government #gainst all foreign influence ? Question 4—Does Mr. Yorke regard religio- political organizations as friends to civil and Teligious liberty ? Z Question 5—Is it not, in Mr. Yorke's opinion, unsafe and unwise to put in oflice men who owe allegiance to & foreign power ? Question 6—Is Mr. Yorke an enemy of the {ree - public school system and does he favor supplanting it with a sectarian institution ? Question 7—Does Mr. Yorke oppose protect- ing our citizen laborers from European pauper and criminal labor and is he hostile to honest a0d cducated immigrants who propose becom- ing American citizens and who will forswear allegiance to every foreign power? Question 8—Doss Mr. Yorke oppose putting into office honest and true men—patriots who are qualified and who owe allegiance solely to ibe starsand stripes? ON THE A. P. A, PLATFORM. : Question 9—1s Mr. Yorke hostile to “loyalty to true Americanism which knows neither birthplace, race, creed or party” as a first requisite for membership i any organization? Guestion 10—Is Mr. Yorke hostile to intense political activity and aconscientious discharge of the duties of citizenship by every individual in the solution of the problems conironting our people? 5 Question 11—Js Mr. Yorke hostile to our tol- eraion of all erzeds, and does he deny us the right oi frapzaise guaranteed by the consti- tution of the United States—the right to sup- port or oppose such candidates 25 we think proper. Question 12—Is Mr. Yorke hostile" to our po- sition that subjection to and support of any ecclesiastical power which claims equal if not greater sovereignty than the United States Government and which I8 rot controlled b{l such Government is irreconcilable with it zenship? Question 13—Is Mr. Yorke hostile to the up- holding of the constitution of the United Siates and its guarantee of religious liberty to the individual? Question 14—1Is Mr. Yorke hostile to our po- sition that the non-sectarian free publie school is the buiwark of American institutions and does he clsim that it is noi the best place for the education of American children? | miles. 1 principle which condemns the support from the public treasury of any sectarian school, re- formatory or other institution uotunder pub- lic control? 2 Question 16—Does not Mr. Yorke believe that exemption from taxation is equivalent to a grant of public funds, and is be hostile to the taxation of all property, the title to which is not vested in the National or State govern- ments or their subdivisions? Question 17—Does Mr. Yorke favor the en- listment in the military arm of the Govern- ment of any one not actuslly a citizen of the United States? s Question 18—Does Mr. Yorke object to our requiring some proof of the ability and honest intention to become sell-supyormlg American citizens from all immigrants? Question 19—Would Mr. Yorke object to the repeal of the act authorizing the naturaliza- tion of minors without a previous declaration of intention, and is he hostile to & provision by law that persons to be naturalized must speak the language of the land and must prove seven vears' continuons residence in this country from the date of the declaration of intention? Question 20—Does Mr. Yorke object to & pro- test against the laxity with which our present naturalization laws are administered ? Mr. Yorke hostile to the pub- pection at all times of all hospitals, asy- lums, reformatories or other institutions in which people are under restraint? Question 22—Does Mr. Yorke fayor National or State legisiation in favor of any one section of the country or of any class? Mr. Editor: Tnasmuch s to the profitable dis- cussion of any question it is necessary that the positions of both parties to the discussion be clearly defined and generally known, if Mr. Yorke absolutely refuses to state for himself his position in the premises,I shall be com- pelled to outline for him what his position in opposition to A. P. A. principles necessarlly is. Very respectully, B. F. HUDDELSON, State President of tne A. P. A. of Californis. CLOSED THE GOLD MINE. Why William H. Thomas of Murphys Is Puzzled—The Activity in Cala- veras County. ‘William H. Thomas, one of the owners of the Central Hill hydraulic mine, at the edge of Murphys Camp, Calaveras County, is at the Russ. cause work has been stopped on his mine. He says the season is very short—not over | sixty days, anyway—and that there is no telling when the mine will be allowed to 1esume, as the Debris Commissioners, though appointed, have not been con- firmed. “I am afraid it will prevent us from get- ting out any gold this year,”’ he said. “We were shutdown by Captain C. E. Gil- lette of the War Department, but just what for I cannot see. There were some technical notices sent us, and we con- formed to them as near as we could in constructing our flumes and other work. We had fourteen men engaged, and the stopping of our work was an outrage. “We are sixty miles from navigation, and there is not a river within nine or ten The,water we use is all carefully saved and used over and over. The debris does not go into any stream or bother any- body in any way. Because of all this none | of us can see why we have been stopped. The captain’s only reason is that in some way. as he thinks, we did not quite come up to the technical requirement. It has caused us great inconvenience. “The mines of Calaveras County never looked better than at present. A great deal of prospecting is being done and new properties are being opened. There is especial activity in quartz mining. I am of the opinion many big mines will be de- veloped on the mother lode there in the | next vear or two. The interest in mining | there is increasing.” M BODH COMING, The Owner of Many Mines Pre- dicts a Big Revival This Summer. Improvements About the Rawhide—A Foundry Restores Jamestown to Life. The man who owns the Rawhide, the App, the Heslep, the Hitchcock and the | Valparaiso mines says that the industry | which first attracted the world to Califor- nia is on the eve of a great awakening that | is not appreciated even in so interested a commercial center as San Francisco. ‘“There is going to be a terrible boom this summer in gold mining,” said Colonel | ‘W. Nevils at his. apartments in the Palace vesterday afternoon. “It will revive as the greatindustry of this State. “For thirty years I have been in that country under which the mother lode stretches, and I have owned at different times the best mines in the counties of Tuolumne and Calaveras. The Utica mine, now so well known for its enormous output, was my property before it was pur- chased by the present owners, “Amador, Tuolumne and Calaveras are the vprincipal mining counties, and I know every hole in them. 1 have tramped all over that country for twenty years, and packed my blankets; that is why I icel tnat I know something of the mines and of the prospects of a boom. “Ihere is a little old place in Tuolumne County called Jamestown. mining town, and, like a good many others of the same class, it became only an evi- dence of bygone prosperity and of men departed for other diggings.” Two or three years ago you could have bought that whole town for $40. “But it has taken on new life. A fine large foundry has just been completed there by Demarest & Fuller. The works are now running and giving employment to forty men. Saloons, stores and other money-gathering enterprises have started up round the new center. It is midway between the App and the Rawhide mines, which will furnish the main source of rev- enue to the foundry. “In the Rawhide we are opening two new levels, the 800 and 900. But the most important improvement is the establishment of an electric plant, now al- most perfected. It will cost $50,000, and will be used not only to iight the whole works, but to run ali the machinery. The power is obtained from springs above Columbia, about seven miles distant, and the water, conveyed through an 1l-inch pipe, furnishes a” pressure of 1100 feet at themine. ““One hundred men are employed in the Rawhide, whicn is virtually our head- uariers. The App, the Heslep and the itchcock are three miles away and are all on the mother lode. ‘*‘About three miles east from the Raw- hide we have had men prospecting for six months in the Valparaiso. Itison a vein outside the lode. They have run a tunnel in about 400 feet and have reached good ore. - “It is & mistake to think thata mining camp is necessarily a crude, uncomfort- ebie place. The little community at the Rawhide is very comfortably housed amid picturesque surroundings. “Mrs. Nevils and I spend a good deal of our time there. We are going up to-mor- row for another visit.” —— oo . A Charge Dismissed. The case of Martin Hughes, ex-Deputy Sberiff, charged by Mrs. Hugh Sellick with as- seult with a deadly weapon, was dismissed by Judge Low yesterdey, s the complaining wit- ness again failed to appear. At the de- fendant’s request the Judge heard testimony o show that the accusation made by Mrs, Sel- lick that he had ill-treated his -blind son was not true. The Judge expressed the opinion that an injustice had been done to the de- fendant. e We Are Poisoned by Air and Water When they contair the germs of malaria. To an- nihilate these and avoid or conquer chills and tever, bilious remittent or dumb ague, nse persistently and regularly Hostetter's Stomach Bitters, which also remeaies dyspepsia, liver irouble, constipa- tlon, 10s8 of strength, nervousness, rheumatlsm and kidney complaint. Appetite and sieep are im- Droveqy this thorongh madicinal agent, and the infifmities of age mitigated by it. A wineglassful Question 15—Is Mr. Yorke hostile to the three thmes a day, He is much perturbea be- | It was a 49 | | | tween them and the precepts of the gospel. | of the evangelical code of morals to know the | for entrance into the kingdom of God, conse- | for one “to sell all thathe has and giveit to the FATHERWYMAN'S LECTURE He Discusses the Religious Com- munities of the Catholic . Church. THE OiB,IGIN OF MONASTICISM. Its Influence Upon . Civilization Ex- plained by the Eminent Paulist Preacher. Rev. Father Wyman, superior of the Paulist community -in San Francisco, addressed the Educational Union at Metro- politan Hail last night. His subject was *‘Religious Communities.” There was a large attendance and the lecturer was listened to with marked interest. Father Wyman is a New Englander of old Puritan descent and embraced Catho- licity in late years. He spoke as follows: Ladies and Gentlemen: It 1s my intention 1o speak of religions communities in general without considering the specific differences among the various orders in the church. THE ORIGIN OF THE MONASTIC IDEA. This subject developed from the beginnin embraces a vast field, for it is co-extensive witl the history of religion, Ever since the tail of man the recognition of the necessity of human effort and divine grace for the fulfllment of man’s true destiny has led chosen souls o seck Tetirement from material pursuits, seclusion from worldly strife and abstinence from lawful pleasures for the purpose of attending more closely to their spiritusl interests. Holy Beripture specifically prescribes rules under the Mosaic law for a chosen class called Nazarites. A school of prophets also flour- ished for centuries under the same dispensa- tion, and as the time for the promised Messias drew neer the last and the greatest of proph- ets, St. John the Baptist, the precursor of our Savior, appeared leading a life which scemed in susterity well nigh impossible o human nature. The life of Christ 1 as & perfect exem Father H. H. Wyman. [From a photograph.] plification of the principle and fdea of mo- pesucism. His voluntary poverty, imimacu- late chastity and perfect obedience have fur- nished the model for all Christian monastic institutes. While the universal law-giver does not exact of every one the practice of the vir- tues which belong to the monastic state there is perfect harmony and no contrariety be- The evangelical counsels are the complenient of the Christian precepts. The principle which underlies both is one and the same. The ob- servance of any one of the counsels is impossi- sible witkout ihe keeping of the correspond- ing precept. The counsels begin where the precepts leave off. It is necessary for the proper understanding distinction between the Christian precepts and counsels and their relation to each other. Those who ignore this distinction always have & one-siged and irequently a distorted ides of the gospei. Fanaticism, for instance, some- times would make a commandment out of a counsel, but a principle thus stretched is sure tosnap and it ends in most cases with the breaking of a real precept. The diversity of gifts and graces from God is as great as the number of individuals. Moreover, men are not naturaliy constituted alike in the moral and spiritual sny more than they are in the physical order, hence it follows that the ob- servance of such rules as voluntary poverty, chastity and obedience was never intended by our Lord for all mankind, but is only & counsel for those who have the grace and the aptitade for following it, But with the commandments it is different; the keeping of them is necessary quenily all men can with ordinary observe them. This fs what Christ means when he says, “My yoke is easy, my burden is light.” But everyone who is iamiliar with the New Testa- ment knows that the extraordinary virtues, poverty, chastity, obedience and every exalted virtue are there taught, and unless they are Tecognized as practicable and applicsbie to particular individuals, a portion of the teach: ug and exemple of Jesus Christ is made void, It avails liitle for Christ to teach that it is good grace oor,” to leave father, mother, wife, in short, leave all things to iollow him, unless it can be made practical. These truths need 1o be insti- tuted and exemplified in the lives of men and women in our midast, otherwise this part of the gospel teaching is without effect. History shows that for nearly 1900 years these coun- as well as the precepts of onr Saviour, e been followed by numbers, end, us all wiil admit, to the building up and extension of the Christian religion in the world. I have given, as every candia man must acknowl- edge, the only ‘satisfactory expianation of the origin of the monastic state. THE INFLUENCE OF MONASTICISM UPON THE CHURCH AND THE WORLD, Just as the sanctity of St. John the Baptist and the infinite holiness of Jesus Christ :rew to them the multitude, so in the apostolic and the age next succeeding it the lives of many of the Christians, which were asdetached from the world, as mortified, as seli-Cenying as ever has been known in the strictest religious orders, brought about the conversion of vast numbers of people of every race. There was not the necessity then for those who aspired to follow the counsels to separate themselves from the general Christian communities as there has been since that time, for the constant persecution to which they were exposed, their ability to profess and practice their religion only at the risk of losing everything—even lhellrdhvcs—nrncflcllly severed them from the world. S But the virtnes which later formed the basis of the monastic state were all practiced in the highest degree by many persons in the first ages of the church. This is such a well-known fect that the founders of the strictest religious institures in later times never claimed that the observance of their rules would constitute a manner of life compareble in any degree to | that of the aposties of Christ and their im- mediate successors. The influence of the prin- cle of self-denial in Christianity has, as the history of the church shows, contributed so largely to its extension in the world, and its progress and triumph among all civilized na- tions, that it is impossible to conceive how Christianity could ever have prevailed or ever have cndured for solong a time without at least the striving of elite souls to realize in a measure the high ideal protlaimed br the Savior in the “Sermon on the Mount,” and practiced by him with absolute , perfection while on the earth. Even tne law of Christ cannot be discerned Efi' the great mass of sinful men uniess it ines forth in the lives of individuals who also ain: at practicing the counsels as well. If the higher spiritual life had not sus- tained in the church by esteblished institutes with rules emhodyinf the evangelical coun- sels, the teacning of the gospel would never have been complete. With the carrving of them into gncfiee. accompanied as they must often_be by the active work of teaching, preaching, nursing of the sick, caring for the poor, etc., there is the same necessity for or- ganization that there is for gubllc worship and the administration of the sacraments. Christianity has succeeded because it came into the world not as a naked ides, but as an organized force, nnd the monastic principle, in part, at least, took form immediately in the association of individuals, for we read in Holy Scripture that the first .Christians had ail things in common, selling all their possessions and goods and dividing them among all as every one had need (Acts ii:44-45). Thus was evangelicel poverty put in practice under the direction of the.apostles. The evangelical virtue of chastity, also, took form in the apostolic college, none of the twelve living with wives after entering upon the wWork of the ministry, an example which was followed so far thai marriage wasouly toler- ated {0 a limited extent among the clérgy in the Eastern church, and in the Western chureh not atall. The discipline of celibacy with the clergy is practically as old as Chris- tianity. The infinence of the monsstic prin- ciple in the church then has directly shaped the character of the ministers of religion, and indirectiy that of the people. Vast numbers of Christians in ail ages have practiced the evangelical counsels by themselves and in communities, so much so, in fact, that it.can never be said that the sublimest teachings of our Lord haye failed to become practical among Christians. I have thus far considered the influerce of the mouastic principle upon the religious iife of Christiaus in all ages. Now there have also been :nfluences exerted by i:on the social life of men which are well worth considenng. In every age and country the church has found the world the great obstacle to her efforts to ‘jromote Cheistian perfection. St. Augustine speaks®f two cities, one the city of the world, the other the cit; af God. Thesa two cities arg founded ugon different principles and ruled by different maxims; they may be said to be perpetually at war with each other with no possible compromise between them. Christ saidq, “I am not of the world, and therefore the wor'd hateth me,” He also declared, “My kingdom is not of this world.” There have always been many worldly minded Christians who ‘have doubtd the necessity of this an- tagonism between the two cities and have wished for a reconciliation of the kingdom of Christ with that ot the world. The monastic system nas always been the strongest barrier to this idea because founded wholly on a supernatural basis with principies and rules of action directly opposed (0 the maxims of the world. With worldlings the acquisition of wealth has always been a matter of the greatest im- portance. To be able to live only by labor is considered by them & terrible hard hip, yet the conditions of human existence are necessarily such that for the vast majority of men there is no escape forit. Only a few o the most saga- cious and talented men under favorable cir- cumstances can possibly reach the goal of wealth, and that, generally speaking, at the expense of the multitude, whose condition must be lowered for their special benefit. Contempt for riches, a voluntary choice of & life of labor and poverty, honor and love be- stowed upon the poor, is, if not an offense, certainly the greatest folly in their eyes. The voluntary practice of poverty, however, has enabled the church to oppose successfully the inordinate passion for wealth. She has thereby rendered poverty honorable and_created a re- spect for the poor and has checked eagerness for wealth by humbling the pride of the rich and making” them feel that their possessions add nothing to their dignilf'. The practice of evangelical poverty in the church has, I mighl, say, set up the kingdom of God on earth and introduced among men the divine standard of-judgment. History shows that when the monasiic institutes were most flourishing and the monastic virtues were in heir greatest vigor wealth did not rule society as it formerly had done and as it has since done everywhere where monastic institutes have declined. - The problem, What to do with the poor, is perhaps the most serious question of to-day. Preachers, philosophers, philan- thropists and even politicians are raking their brains to solve this question, which threatens the peace of society in our large centers of pop- ulation.’ But 1 am convinced thet merely natural remedies cannot succeed. Christian- ity alone strikes at the rcot"of the evil, which is avarice. Protestantism, however, having discarded the monastic principle of voluntary poverty, has lost its hold on the poor and its power to restrain the rich, and therefore it is i powerless to remedy the evil. THE PRACTICE OF CHASTITY. No less striking is the uncompromising principle which 1s fouud in the practice of chastity by the monastic i1stitutes. This is 1uily s much opposed (o the spirit of worldli- ness as the prectice of poverty, yet it has won from the world the highest admijation. How could it be otherwise? Only corrupt hearts can fail to see the attractiveness of seli-denial, the heroism of sacrifice, the beauty of sanctity and purily. Vast armies of missionarizs all vowed to the practice of thissublime virtue brought the nations ot Europe into the church. Ali_Christians, who have before them the highest ideal of this virtue, must also have a higher regard for the moral law. Polygamy, concubinage and all forms of licentiousness which prevailed under paganism were, after the church was establisiied, no longer’ sanc- tionea. The indissolubility of marringe be- came the law of all nations.” The exaltation of chastity by the church proves her to be spouse of Christ. "In vain is it to look elsewhere for the full realization in the lives of men of the sublime doctrine of the New Testament con- cerning purit When Protestantism abolished the rule of continence for her clergy, she also degraded marriage from a sacrament (0 a mere civil con- tract and introduced divorce. Those who aim only at the lowest are sure never to attain to the highest, and are likely to miss even the lowest. Now here is the difference as shown by actual results: The monastic principle ef- fected a real reform by bringing the most cor- Tupt pagan nations up to the New Testament Standard of purity. Protestantiswm has been powerless, even when it has tried to do so, to prevent the peoples professing its doctrines from lapsing back, in & measure, to the old heathen standard of morality. Obedience which requires an abnegation of self, iu imitation of Christ. who humbled him- self, ok the form of aservantand became “obedient unto death—even the death of the cross”—who only willed what his Heavenly Father willed, and said, “Father, not my will, but thine be done,” is the greatest of the vir- tues of a religions life. “Learn of me, for I am meek and humble of heart,”” says our Lord. Humility is the root of every Christian vir- tue, and it requires thatevery Christian should obey the law of the God even unto death, but the monastic principle requires an additional practice of obedience in ail things not of sin that souls may thereby acquire and maintain the habit of perfect acquiescence in the divine will, even beyond what the law strictly re- quires. Pride is the prevailing intellectual vice. It was what led to the first act of diso- bedience, which led to the fall of man, ard it hes always been the great obstacle of, faitn. The practice of obedience, even in matters in which Christians are ordinarily free, has taught the world, as it_could be taught in no other way, faith and obedience .to the law of Christ. Faith and obedience are the virtues which have sustained the Christian religion in the wi There could be no universal church without them. Authority is the one thing which distinguishes our Lord from all other religious teachers, and_his chureh is the one institution in the world which speaks as he spoke, and obedience is what sustains this authority. The practice of this virtue in the church and io its highest form in religious communities inculcates obedience to all law- ful authority. The obedience of children to purents and of citizens to the state is strength- ened by it. While inculcating the duty of obedience to authority the spheres of church and state are, however, distinetly marked and separated by the church. The ‘state in its own sphere is just as independent asthe church. Just as the church has supreme authority in spiritual matters so has the state supreme authority in temporal matters. Religious obedience, there- fore, strengthens civil allegiance. The suppo- sition that there can be any opposition or con- tradiction between the authority of the church and civil authority, provided each keeps to its own sphere, can never en- ter the mind of an enlightened Catholic. The measure of our love for the church 13 the measure of our love of country. Father Hecker, the founder of the Paulist community, used to say: *I never understood what the love of my country meant until I became a Catholic.” s it not clear that the practice of obedience in one order must promote it in another? Those Governments which have persceuted thwe church and banished its religious orders have only been working for their own destruction. They have indirectly caused ‘the anarchial movements of the present century. In every country anarchists hate the church above ait institutions, because they recognize it as the great bulwark of cl\'llFo\'eramenl. 1have said enough, I thipk, 10 show the in- fluence of the monastic institutes upon the church and upon soziety. The practice of pov- erty, chastity and obedience, which coust tutes the essence ot the monastic state of life, are the sublime virtues which have proved our religion 1o be divine more convineingly to the masses of mankind than all the sermons that have ever been preached allth have ever been g"ltle:. o A THE WORK OF RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES. The increase of religious communities in this country has kept pace with the progress of the chureh, The great historic orders have many members in this country and are conducting flourishing colleges and have in all our large cities mission and parish churches, to which the people flock in great numbers. Bands of missionaries are preaching and administering ihe sacraments at reguiar intervals in all our ch\‘n'enes throughout the land. The orders of women are more numerous than those of men, ana we find them every- where conducting rochial schools, acad- emies, asylums and %‘ospi:m. The vocations fo all these institutes now come mostly from our nativeborn Cathotics, Nowhere i the Wide world do they succeed better than in this free end enlightened republic. This shows, beyond alt question, that they are not antago- 81‘:;1&::.8 x_am- mligml almd socinl insti lu;im;l 5. vernment has always recognized the right of individuals to :’-t{ehte her for the accomplishment of religious and philan- thropic work. With us, the state wisely deems itsell incompetent to regulate religious affairs, having enough to do in its own proper ST st On this account there is here_the be field for all the religious institutes of the church to develop and ca ou this great work for God's glory and the salvation of souls. Is it not passing strange, ladies and gentle- men, that in a great country like ours, where two-thirds of the population professno definite creed and where of the remaining one-third only one-half are enrolled under the banner of the great mother church of Christendom, where in spite of the great and, I might aimost say, divine doctrine of the constitution of our country, that all men are created free and equal, and where all_have what never would have been dreamed of but for the glorious truth of the Gospel, the guaranteed rigit of life, liberty and 'the parsuit of hap- piness; where gold is fairly worshiped, Wwhere capital is combined to strip cur fertile fields of their products, and bankrupt farmers: where wenlth has a royalty of its own on every manufactured article wrung from the life's blood of our free and enlightened working men ; where.monopoly holds in its relentiess ErAsp our marts of trade reducing our once prosperous merchants to the pittances of clerks and salesmen; where the stock exchange ensnares the unsuspeeting to sacrifice their Imesger sevings in ruinous speculation and foreclose its mortgages upon the homes of widows and orphans—is it not strange, I say, thats0 many among us aspire to imitate the Poverty of Jesus Christ? Great indeed is the mystery of godliness! The lse and country.we live in are also sadly blighted by the preatest curse that has ever {falien upon the human race—unchastity. Who of us would not deny this if he could ¢ The very idea of the sanctity of marriage is lost among the majority of those who are not of our faith. Marriage outside the church is gen- erally only for pleasure or worldly advantage, and children, unless they are very few, are not considerea a blessing from God. The number of men and women given over tolicentiousness is appalling, yet we find great numbers with their innocence unsuilied; some of them joy- fully enter religious communities. If the Lord should say, *‘I wiil destroy San Francisco un- less I find en just persons,” where should we first look for them ? I belfeve that all our peo- Ple, Catholic and Protestant, would instinct- vely turn toour convents and religious houses. The besetting sin of every country requires expiation, and can be arrested only by pure souls, healthy and ropust souls, who do not shrink from the burden of the cross, volunte, rily sacrificing what they might, it they chose- enjoy, und devoting themselves to prayer and g00d Works in reparation for the transgressions of others, and to obtain for them the graces which they need. There is no greater mistake than to suppose that religions in their abnega- tion of the world and its temptations forget the love of their neighbor. They are striving for the salvatidn and sanctification of others as well as their own. The vow of chastity does not discredit marriage or anyihing else that is lawful, but it is a sacrifice which procures for the married the grace to keep the relation holy and to discharge faithfully all its duties. When people are so far gone as to regard the YOW of chastity as something CODLI&Cy o La- ture, how can they have even the proper ideal of the marriage relation? What ought to be thought of a man like Martin Luther, or any ex-priest or nun, who has railed against the VoW of chastity 7 Have they made the world any better ? Have they raised or have they lowered the world's standard of morality ? When such persons claimed the right to set de the vow of chastity, is it any wonder that conscienceless laymen on the same grounds claimed the right to dissolve the marriage bond? Whata shame it is that the multitudes of chaste, noble and charitable Protestants have to trace the origin of their religion back to such a sewer of corruptioz as this? But it might be argued, were there not scan- dals in religious houses to bring them into dis- repute? Even if there were, what, I would like to know, became of those who had given scandal? Did they become martyrs, or flee the country and retire into monasteries for penance? No,indeed, the change in religion was most welcome to them, If tne Catholic re- ligion were corrupt, wouid they not have pre- ferred to remain in 1t? Indeed, it is n poor ex- cuse for leaving ary church be¢ause there are unworthy members in it. Those who give up their faith on account of scandals are gener- ally not much better than those who give the scaudal. “Scandals must come,” ‘but woe be to those by whom they It cannot be otherwise when human nature is what it is. Church scandals were ex- sggerated, no doubt, in the sixteenth century just as much as they are to-day. Permit me to say that only a few of the alleged scandals among priests and religious of those days can be substantiated. The muititude of obscene stories about priests and religions that were published and scattered broadcast in those days are no more worchy of credence than the calumnies of anti-Cutholic agitators of to-day. Itisa maost siguificant fact that in Ireland, where prob- ably the most exemplary priests, religions and people of that period were to be found, the old inith remained. The true followers of our Lord are indeed “the salt of the earth,” and is it not a blessing that we have a goodly num- ber of such in our midst? Need we be dis- couraged at the ravages made in our fair land by error, greed and immorality? Not at all. Judging from past history it is not unreason- able to suppose that true Christian principles may spread through the length and breadth of our land and redeem it. If the heritage of liberty which we have re- ceived from our forefathers remains—and may God grant that greed and lust and oppression never destroy it—it will be because the pre- cepts and counsels of Jesus Christlive in the hearts of our people. DECLARATIONS IN THE CONSTITUTION, The declarations embodied in our constitu- tion, says Father Hecker, ‘“are some of them divine and fundamental truths. They are divine, inasmuch as they deciure the rights of the Creator in his creature; they are funda- mental, for without the enjoyment of the nat- ural rt&hu which they proclaim man is not man; * * they are practical, for man is or ought to be, under his Creator, the master of his own destiny and free from any dominion not founded in divine right. The Creator in- vested man with these rights in order that he might fulfill the duties inseparebly attached to them.” Any power which, if it could, would de- prive a single citizen of our country af one iota of the religious liberty which he nuw enjoys would offend God, act the tyrant and be an enemy of mankind. We may be sure that the religion which requires an un- compromising ndherence to the truth of God will never approve of a divided allegiance to the State. A~ popular government like ours, founded upon universal suffrage, is a most effi- cient school to teach us our dignity as citi- zens and Catholics. If instead of such a glorious Government as ours we had only a perty despotism, for sordid xain or despicabie ambition, the weaker ones among us might Fobnibly be tempted to war upon che rights of conscience of others, for our own momentary advantage; but, with the vrinciples of Washington and Lincoln in the very marrow of our bones, and fortified and strengthened by the faith we have learned irom the chair of Peter, we are the safest and most devoted citizens of this great republic. Although a comparative stranger here in San Franciseo, vet, because I am a Catholic priest and a Paulist, I am trusted; my note with every one is as good as gold; but if I had come here as an anti-Catholic lecturer I could not gore night's lodging in a hotel without paying or it in advauce, Love of truth was the first lesson that I ever learned, and I never had to unlearn thatlesson in finding my way to holy mother church. I traced the principle of truth which I had learned to its source, and found its home to be in the old church. e whose eyes are open to tne light of first principles, and has studied true his(oryaknnws that the Catholic church has battled during her whole lifetime for the rights of the amnr ssed. Should it ever happen, which God forbid! that any class of citizens, whatever be tneir religious creed, should be denfed equal rights with all others in the practice and propagation of their faith, the Catholics of this country would be the first to take up their ceuse and to aid in securing for them the privilege of others. Have we not thus far stood for equal rights? Have we ever wished to deny to others what we have asked for ourselves? We have some- times had to suffer because others were envi- ous of our prosperity. Indeed,our enemies have always argued that iz was not safe to let us have fair play, because we would be sure to get ahead-of them. They point to figures and say: “The United States’is not Zet & century and a quarter old, and see—the Catholics here are as numerous as the communicants of all other churches put together. If this increase keeps on in the same proportion the Protestant religion will yet disappear.” This is lika the talk of the Pharisees about our Lord, “All the people have gone after him.” Why are we thus overwhelmed with the multitude? Why is the doorbeil of every priest's house rung from morning till night? Why are people standing in our churches on Sunday eager to worship and hear the word of God?” Ah! Ours is the religion from which the water of eternal life flow freely. The words of holy Scripture are read and talked about in our churchesin a way that touches the heart. in qur confessional boxes the sin-stricken soul can go and have the bur- ded of sin taken away. Priests and sisters stand DY deathbeds and point the way to the cetestial city. Weary and care-worn our priests ascend the altars to offer the divine sacrifice; in the pulpit they speak of nothing but what concerns the soul's welfare. Men flock to ns because they find Jesus Christ with us, Opposition and persecution only strengthen us. We succeed where others fail, because we have what they cannot have—the whole truth as it was spoken by the divine Redeemer. Archbishop Riordan will speak at the Temple Friday evening, and on that oceca- sion an admission fee will be charged. Tickets will be for sale at the Temple to- day and to-morrow from 9 A.M.t0 5 P. M., and at Sherman & Ciay's Thursday and Friday. % Socialism the Theme. The Liberty branch of the Socialistic labor party will continue its weekly meetings and lectures at 115 Turk street during the coming months. Professor Leopold Nathan, lately irom England, will deliver the first lecture of the new series on Wednesday evening next. His subject will be “Internationial Socialism,” LIBILITY OF SHIPOWNERS Judge Hawley Defines the Re- sponsibility to Ship- pers. AN IMPORTANT DECISION. The Law of Limitation in Regard to the Wreck of the Schvooner- Steamer Emily. Judge Hawley handed down an impor- | tant decision, especially to ship-owners, vesterday in the matter of Albert Meyer and others, owners of the steam schooner Emily, for a hmitation of liability. The steamer Emily was lost on the bay at Coos Bay -in July, 1893. Her remains were turned over to a trustee and sold at underwriters’ sale for $130. The steamer left San Francizco on July 7, 1893, and on the way up rendered salvage service to the Bawnmore, first towing that ship into Cas- par Creek and thence to this port. On July 14 she again left for Coos Bay, aud on July 7, while attempting to cross the bar at Coos Bay, was totally wreekeg. The petitioners contended that they were exempt from liability, and that if liable at all they could only be held to the extent of the value of the wrecked steamer and freight pending. Isaac Lando, a shipper of merchandise on the last voyage of the Emily and an as- signee of other supplies, and as adminis- trator of the estate of C. Robinson, whose life was lost at the time of the wreck of the steamer. commenced suit in the United States District Court as respondent, and held that the petitioners were liable for the loss independent of the limitation acts, because the Emily was unseaworthy; be- cause of the unlawful deviation from her voyage in bringing the Bawnmore back to San Francisco; that such deviation, if al- lowable at all, under the act of February 13, 1893, was allowable only to the extent of taking the vessel to Caspar. Creek; that by towing her to San Francisco the own- ersof the Emily became insurers of the goods for the voyage and cannot plcad any limitation. Captain Roberts was ill when the Emily returned from Caspar Creek, and placed Captain Lucas in charge of th- steamer on her last trip. The latter disubeyed the in- structions of Captain Roberts in crossing the Coos Bay'bar at ebb tide. These in- structions being disobeyed, the steamer was lost. The court held that while the Emily was seaworthy the captain was not justified in bringing the Bawnmore back to San Fran- | cisco and thereby going out of its course. He was justified, however, in taking the vessel into Caspar Creek, but there were tugs present to render help if it were needed. With reference to the death of C. Robin- son it was held to be occasioned by his own negligent and im‘froper conduct. He would have been saved had he not insisted gp taking his baggage in the lifeboat with im. In summing up the evidence Judge Hawley said: It follows from the views already expressed that under the act of 1884 Captain Roberts is liable in the proportion which his individual share of the vessel at the time of the affreight- | ment bears to the whole value of the goods lost. As tothe other owners, I am of the opin- ion that when all the testimony and all the various acts of Congress are considerea, they are entitled to avail themselves of the pro- visions of section 4283 et seq., Revised Statutes United States. It extends to liability for every kind of loss, damage and injury. This is the anguage of the maritime law, and it is the ' language of our statute, which virtually adopts the law. The interests of the owners other than Rob- erts to be surrendered is the value of the ves- sel at the end of the voyage, which in this case would be at the time of the wreck after the disaster. ‘Whenever the owner shall take his proceeding to limit his liability he must takeitat the time of the end of tne voyage out of which the Habilities against which lie seeks to limit his liability arose. This is the time as to which the vaiue of the vessel and freight pending is -to be fixed, end that is the time when the Iiabilittes to be limited must be ascertained. \ Commemoration of Luther’s Death. The 18th of February of this year will be the 350th enniversary of Dr. Martin Luther's death. Inview of the great historfcal and re- ligious interest attacbed to Luther’s life and work, even the circumstances connected with his death, are regarded s so deeply interest- ing and significant as to call for special me- morial _services on the 350th return of that day. Though the ceiebration cannot be so general and demonstrative us was that of the ourth centennial of Luther’s bir the Lutheran churches in all par country are making preparations for a observance of this oc Philadelphia seems to have taken the iead in this matter, where an Imposing gatheripg-of Lutherans 1o commemorate Luther's death will tal at the Academy of Music. St. Paul's ical Lutheran Chureh of this C: Eddy and Gough streets, w event with memorial se 11 celebrate the fees in the evening, PARK MUSELM 15 HOTED In Rank It Is the Fourth in the United States at This Time. A Remarkable Craze for Objects of the Days of the Pilgrim Fathers. Charles P. Wilcomb, the curator of the Golden Gate Park Museum, returned a few days since after an absence of seven weeks in the East. where he went to look after interests connected with estates of deceased relatives. While East he visited a number of the principal cities and in each examined the museums and met those who have charge of them. He said yesterday: Meeting these gentlemen ideas were ex- changed and many points were gained by me that will be of value in the management of the Park Museum. Of the museums in the United States San Francisco’s ranks fourth. Those that outrank it are the Metropolitsn in New York, the National in Washington amd the Fiefa in Chicago. The Metropolitan is the leading one, but the Field will no doubtina short time become one of the most interesting in tbe United States. At this time there isa great craze in the East for articles of colonial times, particulerly pewterware, and every old house in the New England States is being ran sacked from cellar to garret for curios to satisiy the demands of collectors. From an aunt who died some time since I in- herited many old curious articles, for she was e collector of such objects. Ialso inherited some_from my mother, and whila in Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont purchased some articles to complete my collection. These make thirty-two cases which are on their wa; here. These I willJoun to the museum, an when the anuex is finished they will form a coloniai display, one portion of which will be the New England kitchen of the olden days. When the annex is finished many changes will be.made in the arrangement of the die- plays. Many of the exhibits will be removed, and they will be classified in a better manner than they are now. While examining the museums in the East I observed many things which will be suggested to the Commissioners, and if deemed favorable will result in a de- | cided advantage in the opportunity of viewing the many displays that are to be added. The craze for objects that were in use in the days of the Pilgrim Fathers is ome of the greatest that has ever nossessed collectors. ‘Why, little blue figured plates bring £3 and $4 ewch, and they are considered very cheap. The display that I have secured contsins a number of articles that are not to be found in any of the many collections on exhibition. It is expected that ex-Director-General de Young will on his return from Europe | via China and Japan bring with him a | great many oriental curiosities. Superintendent McLaren, in speaking of the museum, said thas he was of the opin- ion that many of the exhibits embrace too many specimens of the same class. ‘‘For instance,” said he, “take the stone mor- tars used by Indians. There are aJarge number of these. Tbey are all of the same shape and material; the only differeace in them is their size. I should think that a pair of such wquld be sufficient.” NEW TO-DAY. YOU KNOW. THESE MEN! 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