The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, September 11, 1895, Page 11

THE S/ N FRANCISCO CALL, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1X95. 11 LATEST OAKLAND NEWS, A Witness Needed in the Po- lice Court Kills Himself at Stockton. STRUGGLE FOR AN ESTATE. Funeral of Mrs. Gay, Who Was Killed at the Mole—Y. W. C. T. U. Electlons. OARLAND OFFICE S 908 Broadw ) J. F. Pierce, who ted as a wit- ness to testify against D. P. Herschle, charged with attempting to extort money from Charles Madison, will never appear in court. He ended his life at Stockton last night. The subpena for Pierce was sent to Stockton Satu and yesterday Chief of Police Lloyd received a note from that place, stating that Pierce had been duly served, but he had no money and no work and could not a r to the same. This morning a me: was received at the City Hall anno that Pierce had committed suicide. i Pierce, who was well known in this city, had suddenly t iis life in a fit of despondency. The case which he was summoned as a witness is the one in which Charles Madison, a T ad carpenter, is alleged to have Herschle for $20 under threat of making public the fact that the latter had served a term of im- prisonment { felony. Madison was knocked down instead of receiving the money and Herschle was arrested for bat- tery. ne Aid Students. ular has been sent to the city by the Board of To i the Oakland Free Public call your attention to the ts now offered by that in- d nwug.l your co-operation in avor to bring about a closer relation and the schools, public and private, in the library nearly 0,000 vol- nd large additions are made every . The delivery department has recently d to the ground floor and the upper is conveniently fitted up as a study and ence department. has been placed in charge of Professor F. 1. Bamford. form, tant librarian of the Mechani an Francisco and more recently professor of English literature e Hesperian Coliege, who, by his ex- e and liLrary work, is tudents in looking up , preparing bibliographies, collect- orking up special topics. Please ie students in your class over the age e to take ont borrowers’ cards and m that Professor Bamford is afternoon and_evening for | J0se of helping them in their W. C. T. U. Election. The annual election of officers of the Oakland Union of the Women’s Chris- tian m nce unions was held this evening in the chapel of the First Meth- i “hurch. There was a fair attend- M H. Burbank ance p nt when called the meeting to order for the devo- |» exercises. report of the treasurer, Mrs. E. wed a very prosperous tional | T E | t | n items bei Cash in building 1d, $2056 40; cash from coffee-house, ship dues, $126; from | pts, $1 fund, $1641 balance on $14,939 10. tiicers were elected to ’resident, Mrs. rs. R. R. y, Mrs. E. G. . E. L. Curtis. Di- -house—Mrs. Grace H. Martthews, L. Curtis, Mrs. Fighting for an Estate, Public Administrator Knight has a fight on.hand with W. G. Tripp over the pos- ion of the estate of Elizabeth L. Cook, | | | ose confidential adviser Tripp was for five years prior to her death. ¢ s that the estate was conveyed to him in trust by Mrs. Cook a month before her death. It was her wish that he settle it on terms dictated by her to prevent the groperty from b ming involved in the >robate Court. Public Administrator K had Tripp summoned before the Superior Court to show cause why he 11d not deliver the estate into Knight's nds, it hav: been ascertained that Mrs. Cook died intestate. Tripp has filed answe: to each section of the com- nt and makes a denial of the allega- He will fall back on the trust eds and bills of sale executed to him be- Mrs. Cook’s death to show that Mrs. Cook practically left no estate. erty is said to be worth $40,000. Funeral of Mrs. Gay. The funeral of Mrs. Marilla Gay, wife of Assemblyman Robert Gay, took place this afternoon_from the Central Christian Church, Hamilton Hall. The hall was crowded with friends of the deceased lady. The floral offerings were very beautiful, the most prominent being a pillow com- posed of blue immortelles {:enrin the word ‘““Asleep,” from the employes of Fred Becker. The exercises opened with Chopin’s funeral march, played by W. B. King. Ugo Talbo sang “He Counteth All Thy Sorrow,” from Mendelssonn’s “Hymn of Praise. Rev. Edward Davis, pastor of the church, delivered an impressive ser- The prop- mon. The pallbearers were: E. R. Pease, A. G. Bell, W. A. Mathewson, F. B. Wood- house, John Wade and H. Schwarz. The remains were cremated in Cypress Lawn Cemetery. Mrs. Gay was killed at the mole Saturday. The City Council. The finance committee of the City Coun- cil met to-night for the purpose of fixing the tax levy to recommend to the Council for the coming year. The purpose, how- ever, was not carried out, and the matter was deferred till to-morrow night, when the Council will wrestle with it in com- mittee of the whole. The levy must of ne- v be a high one, and the finance com- mittee concluded for reasons not stated but clearly understood that they would not run any risk, financially or politically. The Auditor made a statement showing ihat the cost of the city government had gradually increased from $582,000 in 1889 to an estimated expense of $828,000 in 1895. The amount asked by the departments would require a tax levy of $1 50. Death of Expert Blachree. The inguest into the cause of death of F. D. Blachree, the official expert of Berkeley, was held to-night. Blachree was an inmate of Dr. Dukes’ home for in- curables at Claremount, and cut his throat with pieces of broken glass taken from a mirror he had smashed with a medicine- bottle. x There ‘were ounly six men on the jury, and they brought in two verdicts, One cen- sured Dr. Dukes for not maintaining a bet- ter surveillance over the dangerous in- mates of the home, and the other verdict was one of suicide while suffering from de- lirinm. There were three signatures to each verdict. The Coroner notified his ac- ceptance of the second verdict. Death of an Octogenarian. Charles Yeoman died at the Receiving Hospital to-night. Yeoman fell from a chair a week ago last Sunday and fractured his hip. He is nearly 80 years of age and the accident proved fatal. Hardie Is Coming. J. Kier Hardie, the English labor leader and ex-member of Parliament,is to come to Oakland by invitation of the Institute of Applied Christignity. Mr. Hardie is pres- VOLATED THE GHME LIW, ident of the Independent Labor party of Great Britain and was a member of thelast Parliament, but defeated for re-election. At Chicago on Labor day he addressed an immense meeting. He is making a tour | westward, including Omaha, Denver, Salt Lake and the city of Ogden. An Insolvent Farmer. A. P. Caldwell, a farmer of Contra Costa | County, has filed his petition in insolvency in the Superior Court of this county, where most of his creditors reside. His indebtedness consists largely of promissory notes, amounting to $2463 50.‘ He owns no real estate. His personal | proverty is valued at $825 50, and $295 of | this amount is exempt from execution. | To View the Route. M. J. Keller, president of the Oakland Board of Trade, Mortimer McRoberts, J. C. Simonds of Chicago, and Lyman Bridges left to-day for the Corral Hollow mines. They will inspect the coal deposits there and return by way of San Ramon Valiey. The object of their trip is to see what pros- pect there is for the incorporation of a com- pany to build a road from Oakland to Stockton. A Divorce Granted. Mrs. Mattie A. Grange has_been granted | a divorce from her husband, many years her senior, who is said to have cruelly | treated her. The plaintiff is given the | community property and the custody of the minor child. The husband is directed | | to pay $10 a month for the support of the | child, | Fined for Cruelty to Rats. Richard Woods and Charles Frank were sentenced to-day in the Police Court for | burning three rats to death. A new trial | was denied by Judge Woods, who imposed | a fine of $25, with the alternative of twelve | and a half days in jail apiece. Frank paid | his fine ana was released. | A DAY. Alameda County Happenings Told in Brief Chapters. J. N. Williams has brought suit against H. B. Gaston to foreclose a mortgage of $2350 | upon lots 138 and 19 in the Claremont-avenue Tract. Mrs. Eliza Wrampe of 1714 Everett street, Alameda, was committed to Agnews Insane Asylum this aiternoon. She was demented over religion. The annual meeting for the election of officers of the Alameda branch of the Women's Congress will be held to-morrow at 3 o’clock in the Albany Hotel. The Street Superintendent will change the force of men now employed by the Street De- partment to-morrow. The change will eftect the full force of sixty five men. Clarence Lough, an 11-year-old lad, fell from the narrow-gauge whari at Emeryville yester- day and was drowned. The body has not yet been found. Young Lough lived in Berkeley. The Young Women’s Christian Association of this city will give a reception to the San Francisco “association and their Oakland | friends Thursday afternoon from 2 to 5 o'clock at their home, 1424 Franklin street. The citation against Webb N. Pearce, direct- ing him to show cause why he should not turn over $12,000 worth of property belonging 10 the late Benjamin Hall, was dismissed to-day HISTORY OF | by Judge Frick. The matter has been settled | out of court. { Work on the Eighth-street sewer has been | stopped awaiting the action of Captain Badger, | who claims that if the original lines as mapped | out by the City Engineer are followed, the | sewer will p: hrough his property instead | of following the line of Eighth street. A special meeting of the Board of Health wa held this aiternoon for the purpose of protes ing against theaction of the Couneil in propc ing to cut down the appropriation asked by t health department of about D means that Oasland will have C. Sanford has made an applica- s of guardianship upon Edith a Eliza Birdie Gould. | on of_Geory Gould. T L i r, it is alleged m e mother is dead and the fatn i 3! ort of the sal fails to provide for the sup minors. r‘ Adolph Sylva of Mill Valley Shot a Deer Out of Season. Done for the Purpose of Settling the Conflict Between State and County. | | The game law of Marin County is being ! tested in the courts. Adolph Sylva of Mill Valley went gun- | ning for deer on September 1. It was Mr. Sylva’s deliberate intention to violate the law of Marin County if he should be suc- cessful in running down a buck. He took | with him asa witness of his expressed inten- tion E. Cramer, and brought down a deer in the presence of Cramer. Mr. Sylva is not only alaw-abiding citizen, but a lawyer as well, and his purpose in violating the ordinance of Marin Courty regarding the | closed season as to deer was to test its validity. Cramer swore to a complaint against Sylva before Justice of the Peace | Beliruae of Mill Valley, charging him with | violating ordinance 81, prohibiting the kill- ing of male deer on or after September 1 of | any year and before July 15 of the follow- | ing year. | Sylvaimmediately petitioned the Superior | Court for a writ of habeas corpus, and on | Friday last Judge Angellotti of San Rafael | granted the writ, making it returnable yes- terday morning. The question was laid before the Superior Court of Marin County, Sylva appearing as counsel in his own be- half nng District Attorney Martinelli for the county. The case was t}uickly stated and briefly argued. Mr. Sylva contended that the ordinance was not violated for the reason that no provision appeared for a penalty, and, moreover, that the ordinance was 1 conflict with the general law en- acted by the last Leeislature, which pro- vided for aclosed season asto deer from October 15 to July 15. He further argued that the general law superseded the ordi- nance, quoting in support of his contest the California Reports, various sections of the Penal Code and the county goverament act. Mr. Martinelli supported the charge of violation of the law Y)y the argument that the Board of Supervisors had the right to pass ordinances regulating fish and game under the provision of the constitution, section 11, article 11, as well as under sub- division 2934, article 25 of the county government act. Judge Angellotti took the case under ad- visement. Uader recent opinions of Attorney- General Fitzgerald the county has the right to change the State law, so long as the ordinance shall be in consonance with the general law; and the Marin County ordinance is so considered, because by its provision the spirit of the general law is “Fhelfl by seeking to further the proteetion of deer. There have been numerous _inquiries re- ceived by District Attorney Martinelli as to the proper date of the beginning of the closed season from sportsmen, including one from the Country Club. —————— THE COHILDREN'S FRIENDS, ¥red Johnson and Wife Arrested for 4 Cruel Neglect. Fred and Kate Johnson, who live at 678 Brannan street, have been arrested for cruelly neglecting their children, two little boys, 3 and 5 years of age. A few evenings ago Officers Holbrook and Collins of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children went to Johnson’s house and found, so they state, Johnson arid a Mrs. Casey maudlin drunk. The boys were poorly clad, filthy and covered with ver- min. Theg had no shoes. The officers borrowed blankets and took the little fel- lows to the Youths’ Directory. The pa- rent3 will be tried to-morrow. The officers of the suietflnre hunting for a wayward girl named Mamie Davey, who was out of the Magdalen Asylum on parole. She was llViD? in Officer' McMur- ray’s family, but she left Sunday evening. She eaid she intended to get married and go to Sacramento. CARRIERS BADLY NEEDED. Secret Service Agent Watch- ing Oakland Postmen for Loafers. CANNOT HANDLE THE MATTER. If All Are Doing Full Duty Addi- tional Men May Be Granted. OARLAND OFFICE SAN FraNcIsco CALL,) 908 Broadway, Sept. 10. The postal revenues of this city are again causing much anxiety to the Post- master and the merchants. Numerous complaints have been recently made in re- gard to the delay of letters. Frequently letters have been marked ‘Not delivered for want of time.” At the postoffice the reason given is the same that has been given several times during the past year— too few men to cover the large territory. At present Oakland is supplied with twenty-seven carriers and three mounted collectors. A recent order from Washing- ton compels the local offices to exact no more than eight hours’ work from each man per day. When the mails are unnsu- ally heavy, the carriers find it impossible to deliver all of their letters within the prescribed time. Whenever this happens the mail is returned to the office and de- livered the next day. Postmaster White said to-day that there are eleven square miles of territory within the city limits, and only ten of these are now given free service. The neglected dis- trict comprises a large portion of the an- | nexed territory in the northeastern part of the city. The trouble is said to be caused by being so ciose to San Francisco. The branch postoffice at the foot of Market | street in San Francisco does $140,000 worth of business every year, while the whole of Oakland produces a revenue of but $90.000. Tf Oakland receipts would increase about $20,000 per year five or six more carriers could be obtained. Thisnumber would in- sure a first-class service. But as it is about 60 per cent of the receipts of the Oakland office are required to pay its expenses, making it one of the most expensive offices in the country. 5 Application for additional carriers has his peace with the Government, and was reinstated o _his former rank and privi- leges as an officer in the San Salvadorean army. A Lady’s Long Bicycle Ride. Mrs. George Wilcox, in company with her husband, performed a remarkable cy- cling feat last Sunday. They left Berke- ley at 5o0'clock in the morning and rode to San Jose by the way of Haywards. Re- turning they reached Market street, San Francisco, at 4 o’clock in the afternoon. Fraternity Editlon. The Berkeley Weekly Herald published to-day a fraternity edition of their paper, giving cuts of the different chapter-houses, with brief histories of the fraternities them- selves and sketches of thelocal chapters, Drowned While Fishing. Clarence Lough, an 11-year old boy, who lived on Stewart street, near Milvia, was drowned off the Emeryville wharf yester- day afternoon, while fishing. LATE NEWS OF ALAMEDA Pretty Depot Building for the Broad Gauge Line at Park Street. G. A. Wlese, Who Was Run Down by an Electric-Car, Is Still Allve. ALAMEDA, CAL., Sept. 10.—The South- ern Pacific Company has secured a suita- ble site for its station on the broad-gauge road at Park-street station. The design shows a neat frame building in ornamental style, with wide-spreading eaves and a tower. There will be accommodations for passengers in a comfortable waiting-room finished in natural woods, and also a department for freight and bageage. Con- struction will begin immediately. Saved by a Car-Fender. City Electrician G. A. Wiese is still a In company with Paul Seiler and R. P. Valentine, general manager of the Oakland Light and Motor Company, lte attempted yesterday to cross Jefferson, at Tenth. There was an Alameda electric- car coming along at a rapid rate. There was no alarm sounded, and the inevitable crash came. Mr. Wiese saw what was coming, jumped, fell, and was struck by the car. The fender caught him and savea him from being mangled under the wheels of the car. Joe Hooker Post Shoot. ! Joe Hooker Post No.1l1, G. A, R., held THE NEW BROAD-GAUGE [Drawn from the DEPOT AT PARK BTREET. architect’s design.] been made to Washington, and whether or not the request will be granted depends upon the report of a_ special officer from the department, who is at present looking over the work in this city. Before the eight-hour law order was enforced the carriers had to work till all the mail was delivered. After the order was sentout the carriers worked the same number of hours and then putin aclaim for over- time, which the Supreme Court allowed. Then the order went out from Washington that no carrier was to be permitted to work overtime. As a result of the limitation of working hours it has frequently been found impossible to deliver ail the letters on time in this city, and so a request was | made for more time. Much depends on the special officer’s re- port. If heis satisfied that the Oakland carriers are doing all that can reasonably be expected of them, possibly some more men will be allowed Postmaster White. Oscar Auston, the department officer, has not made his presence known here in ac- cordance with custom, but it is known that he is here, and when his work is completed he will confer with the Postmaster and go East. If all the business men who live in Oakland would purchase their stamps in the Oakland office, the additional carriers could be put on forthwith. LATEST BERKELEY NEWS, Football Training at the Uni- versity Will Commence in Earnest To-Day. U. C. Boating Assoclation Elects Of~ ficers—A Boy Drowned While Fishing. BERKELEY, CaL., Sept. 10.—The foot- ball season at Berkeley will open to-mor- row afternoon, as then the first active work in preparation for the big game with Stan- ford will be commenced. Practically speaking. no work at all has yet been done this season by the U. C. men, but from now on until Thanksgiving day careful and systematic training will govern all as- pirants for honors on the college gridiron. Captain Sherman issued the necessary order this morning. U. C. Boating Association. The Boating Association of the Univer- sity has elected the following officers, which will constitute the board of directors for the coming year: Hillis, 96, president; Blake '96, Easton 97, Cole ’97, Professor C. L. Cory from the faculty, Trew from the Affiliated Colleges and Morrow from the alumni, The yearly membership fees have been raised from $2 50 to $5 and the life membership from $25 to $35. Next Saturday, the 14th inst., a series of aquatic sports will be held at the new boathouse of the association in Sessions Basin, on the Oakland estuary. Department of Semitic Languages. Dr. Jacob Voorsanger, professor of the Semitic languages and literature at the university, met his first class of the year this morning at 9:25. In outlining the system of making applications for courses during the coming year Dr. Voorsanger states that applicants for introductory courses will meet him on next Thursda; and Tuesday mornings at 9:25, and_apoli- cations from those who desire to take the coarse in Syriac, which will be commenced in January, '96, will be received every Thursday morning during this term. Regalado Still Alive, ‘Word has been received in Berkeley that Thomas Regalado, a former student at Bates’ gymnasium, who was reported to have been killed in San Salvador as a con- spirator against the Government, is still alive. According to the statements of the informer, Regalado, who was confined in prison for some time, managed to make its annual shoot at Shell Mound Park yes- terday. The match was shot with old army rifles. The medal was won by Offi- cer Al Kamp. Comrade Hamlin won a } turkey, presented by Captain Siebe, and on | Thanksgiving day the “animal” will be devoured. Interclub Regatta. There will .\be a meeting of the inter- club regatta committee at noon to-morrow (Wednesday), at the Merchants’ Exchange, | | San Francisco, for the purpose of award- | ing the prizes won at the regatta on Au- | gust 25, It was in this regatta that the | Speedwell fouled the stakeboat, and El | Sueno, now the champion of 1895, was de- ciared victor. Still Keeping It Up. It was like Sunday to-day on the streets. It rained pretty heavily in the morning and the streets were deserted. Some prom- inent San Franciscans were about, but they left by the early morning trains. 10 AVOID THE ALIMONY, George White of Mendocino Is Charged With Various Dark Schemes. H.T.Fairbanksof Petaluma Accused of Being One of the Ac- complices. Another item has been added to the long list of frauds charged in the divorce case of ““Cattle King” White and his wife. Fraud is said to have been perpetrated by the wholesale by White in his effort to evade the judgment of $103,000 to his di- vorced wife as ordered by Judge Hebbard. In the numerous papers filed during the progress of the case within the last ten years these alleged frauds are specified. With the answerand cross complaint to be filed in the Superior Court of Mendo- cino County to-day goes another affirma- tion of fraud said to have been jointly con- cocted by White and H. T. Fairbanks of Petaluma. TFairbanks of the Petaluma Savings Bank holds a mortgage for $6000 on some of White's Mendocino_County gruperty, and the lawyer for Mrs. White and the receiver allege in their answer and cross complaint that this $6000 mortgage, like that of the Sun Insurance Company for $70,000, is only part of a scheme to prevent the youn; wife from collecting the $103,000 awarde her by the court. The cause of this charge lies in the action brought by Fairbanks to foreclose the $6000 mortgage. It is further claimed that when Mrs. White began her suit for divorce in 1885 ‘White’s property was unincumbered. When the decision was rendered by Judge Wilson granting the divorce inl 1883 the property was still unincumbered, but within six weeks afier the oral decision White applied for permission to execute mortgages. As a result, when the final éndgmant was rendered by Judge Hebbard for $103,000 there was no property on which to levy in sdtisfaction of the judglment. The Sun'In- surance Company held a mortgage for $70,000, Fairbanks one for $6000 and J. M. Costigan of Costigan, Cohen & Co. one for §2500. All these mortgages are now in process of foreclosure and are being re- sisted as parts of the general fraud by Mrs. White and W. T. 8mith, the receiver ap- pointec by the court. —————— F. A. Brokhaus entered business a hun-- dred years ago and ninety years ago be came a book publisher, beginning with the Conversations-Lexicon. The firm has con- sisted of members of his family alone ever since, and the third generation of Brock- hauses is about to retire, leaving the fourth generation, Albert and Rudolf, at the head of the house, now in Leipzig. l BETTER FARMING IDEAS, Aids to Scientific Agriculture Now Offered by the State University. WISDOM FOR OUR YOUNG MEN. Something About the Equipment Furnished by the State to Help Solve Vexing Problems. The day has passed when we have need to inquire, what can California produce? From this time on our study must be what we can raise at a profit. Too much has seldom been said as to our capacity for production, but the errors of farmers have been constant in assuming that a large product meant a large income. The fruit trade of California, for example, is and will remain of incalculable advantage to the State, but the amount of capital sunk in unwise investments in orchards is appall- ing, and is, more than any other one factor, the local cause of such financial trouble as we endure. We have run to crazes in this State, tumbling over each other in our eagerness to be first in all new enterprises, with the inevitable result of failure by large num- bers of individuals., The prosperity of the State requires that this headlong methoa of exploiting our natural resources be now definitely stopped. It requires that the future development of the agricultural in- terests of the State proceed on the same cool headed lines of investigation and ex- periment which great capitalists follow in making investments. In pursuing this development two things onstantly kept in mind. Oneis nce from the great centers of con- sumingtmpulation, which, even after the pressure of events has squeezed all the water—and perhaps much of the actual in- vestment—out of the capitalization of our overland freight routes, will still always be | & serious handicap to an enterprise. It does cost money to move our bulky prod- ucts to_the Mississippi Valley and always will. To meet this we must constantly seek to find products which can be shipped in a concentrated form or which in their natural state represent the largest possible value to a given bulk. Inthesecond place, we must constantly seek for profitable forms of diversified agriculture. In this, also, we are handicapped as well as bene- fited by the peculiarities of our climate. The rotation of grain, pergnnial grassesand hoed crops, which are common in the East, is impossible in our rainless summers, and extensive experiments are required to de- termine by what methods we can most rromably produce, first, that which can be consumed on the farm, and, second, that which can be consumed in the State, thus eliminating to the greatest extent that is possible the cost of transportation as affecting our products. Toward the accomplishment of these ends we have ready to our hands the mag- nificent agenecy of the College of Agricul- ture of the University of Calfornia, with its seven experiment stations, called into being by the wise statesmanship of our State and National authorities. It is evident that a people accustomed, as the American settlers o} California haye been, to the agricultural operations of the Eastern climate must have been all at sea as to the best methods of cultivation when suddenly transplanted to a climate of rain- less summers. Our possibilities in grain were early discovered and made use of, but beyond that our agricultural progress has been the result of iInnumerable costly but necessary experiments. And as to these it was, of course, noted atonce that if per- mitted to be wholly carried on by private enterprise the majority of experiments would be made by unqualified or not well- qualified men, imperfectly conducted, and even when successful would havelittle value or authority except with the experimenter himself. n the early seventies, there- fore, the efforts of agriculturists resulted in regular appropriations both by the State and the Regents of the university for the prosecution of this work, which has had from the beginning the advantage of the continuous, competent direction of one mind in the person of Professor E. W. Hil- gard, assisted by an able and devoted staff. In this, as in other matters, the young State of California has been a pio- neer among the States of the Union. In equipment, organization, variety of work and value of results we still stand at the head. This was almost necessarily the case, since in no other State was there such a variety of problems pressing for im- mediate solution. In 1887, after California had been for some eight or ten years engaged in this work, Congress passed an act commonl; known, from its author, as the ‘Hatc! law,” making an annual a{l}utopriation of $15,000 to each State in the Union to be ex- ended, under the direction of the tate, in the maintenance of experi- ment stations. From this fund the ex- penses of the experiment stations, assuch, are mainly or wholly met. In addition to this Congressional ‘appropriation there is maintained, at the expense of the univer- sity, for the direct benefit of farmers, an extensive and costly svstem of laboratory work, including buildings, instruments, appliances, material and staff, all of which is at the service of any individual of the State. Here the farmer may determine the character of the soil, the value of fer- tilizers, the cause and nature of any plant diseases which may appear and the reme- dies therefor, if known or discoverable, the best method of dealing with destruc- tive insects, and_in short to bestow any service which science can render toward making the income from the farm greater than the outgo. In addition to this work performed at the stations and the labora- tory, the faculty of the college is placed constantly at the service of the farmers for instruction at farmers’ institutes and sim- ilar assemblies, thus bringing at least snatches of the best scientific information of the day to their very doors. All this service of the university and its stations costs money, which is supplied by the people and from which the people should derive more benefit than they now do; not that this magnificent service is not well appreciated by our best farmers, for it is. The correspondence is very large and the work of the staff of the agri- cultural college goes right on the year round, the professors and instructors being practically deprived of the period of vacation which all other teachers the world over are accustomed to enioy. But while the best farmers appreciate the ser- vice and in a great measure secvre its ad- vantages, the great majority who are not the best farmers know little about it and derive very little from it. Itis upon this class of farmers that the State makes a loss from their continual sinking of money and effort in unproductive work, which results not only i1n misery to the indi- vidual but in a serious drag upon the prosperity of the State. In the rebuilding of the prosperity of our agricultural com- munity, upon which we must now seri- ously enter, no one factor will be found more powerful than the more general utilization of the resources and the work of our State UniveraitK. Reviewing this work as at present car- ried on we are compelled to note that the impact of the Agricuitural College upon the actual farming classes at present con- sumes far more of its energy than its work upon undergraduate students. For some reason a real agricultural university course has never yet been made popular in this country, and the small number of §rndu- ates from the college who are actually en- gaged in fnrmins has sometimes been made the ground for nhfks upon its use- fulness. Asa matter of fact, it would re- pay ten times its cost if it had not a single agricultural student, but at the same time it is to the interest of the public that in this respect also our young men should more freely avail themselves of its ad- vanteges. Itis hard to tell what it is that Al prevents our young men from taking this course, or their parents from urging them to do so. It is probable that there isa general misconception of the nature of the course, which may here be briefly ex- plained. In the first place, for decency’s sake and the general reputation of the university, its graduates 1n all departments must be able to express themselves ciearly and for- cibly in their mother tongue. To this end there is required the entrance standing in English and such a reasonable subse- quent training in that branch as shall give them the mnecessary power of expression, and which incidentally adds to their equipment a familiarity with the masterpieces of English literature and such tastes as are engendered thereby. In the next place is required such a reading knowledge of one or two modern languages as will open to the graduate the agricult- ural literature and experience embodied in those languages, ana which he will often find essential to uu{plement the experi- ence of English-speaking people. Still an- other advantage is such a moderate knowl- edge of mathematics and physics as will enable him to comprehend and cope with ouch purely physical laws as are involved in the growth of plants and animals and the mechanical operations of the farm. There are also included thorough element- ary courses in botany, geology, chemistry and entomology. All the above knowledge is preparatory to the strictly axricultural work, and is es- sential to its successful prosecution; it oc- cupies the first years of the university course, and is acquired in the appropriate departments of the university. The con- cluding {esrs are occupied in the applica- tion of this elementary knowledge to the special problems oi agriculture—such as the analysis of soils and their reclamation when out of condition; artificial fertiliza- tion; plant growth and. disease: insect pests and the methods of combating them; economic vslue of plants and their products, and the best methods of deriv- ing profit from their cultivation and ma- nipulation. The university does not teach how to Elow and dig, which if not understood can e more cheaply learned elsewhere; but it does teach the proper care of growing plants, and the best methods of propagat- ing and pruning them, for which the ex- periment station affords the necessary facilities. Now the necessary cost of such an edu- cation extending over at least seven years, inclnding the preparatory work, cannot be laced at less than $3000, with free tuition, ut including some allowance for the student’s time. This cost, of course, puts it beyond the reach of the majority, but there is doubtless a question even in the minds of those who can afford it whether the investment is justified as part of the {vermnnent plant of the ordinary farm. Whether it is or not doubtless depends on the farm and on the man. Itis doubt- less the case that we can spend money in cultivating poor land with poor brains with a net loss on the result. full of educated men who can make no profitable use of their knowledge. One cause, also, \mdonbledlf', of the barren- ness of agricultural colleges in the pro- duction of actual working, educated farmers is the acquirement of tastes by undergraduates in the process of education which they come to be- lieve that farm life under present agricultural conditions will not sugply the means of gratifying. It is probable that this view, if even correct, will soon pass away, as the extreme pressure now felt by farmers everywhere is certain before long to bring demand_for relief from the only quarter from which it can possibly come, which is the same application of science to agricultural operations which is em- ployed in other pursuits. At the same time, it is true that the full equipment of a graduate in agriculture can hardly be employed with profit in the conduct of an ordinary farm. He will have of necessity learned much that he will have no op- portunity to practice. The analysis of soils, for example, requires not only a costly prernrauon but expensive facilities which will not be at his command and constant practice which he will not have. It will not pay to learn all this merely as a farmer Wgen the few analyses which any farmer will ever desire to make can be made for him far more skillfully in the laboratory of the university. Theé same 1s true of many other things. If oneisto be a fruit-grower he does not need to study the Hessian fly, or if a dairyman the cause and prevention of coulure does not par- ticularly concern him. With thier rough common sense the peo- ple have felt this, and accordingly what demand thare bas been foragricultural edu- cation’as such has come mostly in the form for requests for special instruction, which is freely given to all with the necessar; elementary knowledge, and which consti- tutes the main instruction work of the uni- versity staff. At the conclusion of any special work undertaken by the student his “record’”’ in that workis given him, which he can use for whatever it is worth to him. It is felt by the staff of the Agricultural College that there isneed of a systematized short course, not exceeding two years, whereby students will gain most of what as farmers they will have daily occasion to apply, and which the resources of the English language will afford. It isto be hoped that before long the regents will es- tablish such a course, to be followed by such a certificate of proficiency as will form an inducement for students to work for. As the University of California is paid for by the people it should be the study of each citizen how he can get back from the university the money which he con- tributed to its support with a good round profit thereupon. No college of applied science has any reason for existence if there is not a money profit in its work which can be traced and definitely located. It would be no trouble to figure up enormous money rofits which have accrued to the people of Bnlifumia from the work of the College of Agriculture, but the benefit that has been divided is a mere bagatelle compared with what might have been obtained had farm- ers generally availed themselves of its services. That they do not more generally do this is most certainly not the fault of the staff; by every means in their power they have made and are continuousl: making known to the farmers the facul- ties at their cammand and their readi- ness to employ them in the farmer’s ser- vice, but if a twenty-acre farmer will per- sist in spending time and money in trying to do what the university could tell him cannot be done, or would be unprofitable if done, it is not their fault. Perhaps no part of the work of the uni- yersity is more valuable than the unprofit- able enterprises which it prevents. For the accomplishment of this purpose, as well as for that of showing directly what may be made profitable, perhaps no means is more important than the experiment stations to which ailusion has already been made. In a subsequent article these seven stations of the university ‘will be consid- ered in detail. Take No Substitute.. 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