The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, September 4, 1895, Page 6

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1895. . CHARLES M. SHORTRIDGE, Editor and Proprietor. SUBSCRIPTION RATES—Postage Free: paily and Sunday CALL, one week, by carrier.§0.15 Tetly and Sunday CaLx, ove year, by mail... 6.00 Daily and Sunday CALL, six months, by mail 3.00 Jaily and Sundsy CALL, three months, by mail 1.50 Daily and Sunday CALL. one month, by mail .65 Funday CALL, One year, by mail 1.50 WEEKLY CALL, one year, by mail 150 BUSINESS OFFICE: 710 Market Street. gelephone. ....Main—-1868 EDITORIAL ROOMS: 917 Clay Street. Telephs Main—-1874 BRANCH OFFICES £50 Montgomery street, corner Clay: open until clock =8 street: open until 9:30 o'clock. 717 Larkin street; open until 9:30 o'clock. £W. corner Sixteenth and Mission streets; open 9 o'clock. 18 Mission street; open untfl 9 o'clock. 116 Ninth street; open until 9 o'clock. OAKLAND OFFICE: 908 Broadway. EASTERN OFFICE: Facific States Advertising Bureau, Rhinelander tuilding, Rose and Duane streets, New York Cil THE CALL SPEAKS FOR ALL. U ————S Sacramento receives the State. Money to move the crops is coming West. Texas is not as woolly as she was; she has stopped a prize-fight. The latest report from Tom Reed says he has a new bicycle suit, but still lacks the k cle face. Remember there is a good opening for a pleasant evening at the doorway of the Mechanics’ Pavilion. Cleveland may not.be a candidate for a third term, but he is encouraging his office- holders to coax him into it. The order against “pernicious activity” is to be permitted to fall into ‘‘innocuous desuetude,” and Grover 1s still in the ring. There hasbeen another battle in Cuba in which the Spaniards won a great victory, that will stand until we hear from the Cubans. Paris is now entertaining her visitors with a grand garter show. It is to be noted, however, that the garters are ex- hibited, not exposed. Another trainload of California fruit goes forward to England, and another step is taken toward captivating London and capturing the market. The railroad has its experts and its law- yers before the Railroad Commission, but the interests of the people are defended only through the press. The number of accidents which have be- fallen the Defender have led some super- stitious sports in New York to believe she is under a hoodoo spell, . Holding the State Fair and at the same time preparing for the Native Sons puts a big strain on Sacramento, but the energy and the hospitality of the people are equal toit. The energy of Stockton in working for the Valley road is to be duplicated at Fresno, and the good work not only goes on all along the line, but the line goes on as well. It is significant of the rapidity with which American athletes are developing that there is scarcely an athletic meeting in these days that does not break a record of some kind. Now that Kaiser William has officially recognized Bismarck’s work in establishing the unity of Germany the world will be more willing to recognize his own fitness to celebrate it. So long as Europe continues to absorb gold and this country continues to export it we shall be confronted by the question, Shall we issue more bonds or shall we re- monetize silver? In nominating a free-silver man on a gold platform the Kentucky Democrats thought they were cute, but they now find they cannot swallow the one without being choked by the other. The reports of prostrations from heat during the Knights Templar conciave at Boston are additional arguments why the National conventions next summer should Le held at San Francisco. The Sultan’s agreement to reform the Government of Armenia, provided all the great powers of Europe will unite, is probably founded on the belief that in a multitude of counsel there is never any action. Mississippi has tried the plan of putting her convicts to work on a 10,000-acre plan- tation, and as the managers have turned over about $50,000 as the net profits of the first year's work the people believe they have solved a problem. Baltimore receives from each fare on the street railways hali a cent for the park fund, and this year the amount will be about $225,000. A similar fund would come in very handy for San Francisco if the Supervisors would let it. It is always the unexpected that hap- pens. Everybody thought that electric apparatus would be the principal feature of the display at Atlanta, but it is now said to be evident that the biggest single show in the exposition will be that of bicycles. The British labor congress at Cardiff will be watched with marked attention this week, as it is expected to be the scene of a straight tight between the socialists and conservative element of British working- men, and the result will have considerable influence on the course of politics. The Boston Herald isa very good Herald, but in asserting that *‘no other great city in the United States has such manifold charms” as Boston, and that “‘the summer climate on the whole is the best with which any great city in the United States is favored,” it showed 2 dangerous tendency to trifie with the truth and San Francisco. According to the Buffalo Commercial there was a good deal of confusion in Bos- ton concerning the California Knights. One story was that they had brought 2200 dozen bottles of wine with them; another said they were assessed $2200 each for ex- penses, and a third theory was that among the members there were 2200 millionaires. No one seems to have hit upon the simple story that our Knights were accompanied by 2200 little grizzlies. MAKING UP A RECORD. It might be interesting to inquire what the purposes of the Southern Pacific Com- pany may be in loading down the records of the Railroad Commission with the mass of figures and facts which its agents and officials are now presenting before it. It might be well, having guessed this purpose, to inform the Railroad Commis- sion as to what it is, in order that if any one of their number possesses an intelli- gent and honest purpose to serve the peo- pie he may do so by blocking the little game of the Southern Pacific Company. The object of the Southern Pacific Com- pany in its elaboration of evidence upon the subject of freight schedules in general, and of its grain rates in particular, is none other than this: It regardsthe Railroad Commission as a judicial body, and in fact the majority of its members have so de- clared it to be. If it is a judicial body, then any conclusion which it may arrive at as the result of an investigation of the subject of freight rates must be in the nature of a judgment or verdict based upon evidence, and necessarily upon the evidence laid before it during the course of tke investigation. The railroad company, therefore, intends that the volume of the evidence and its weight in avoirdupois, if not in reason, shall largely preponderate in the company’s favor, in order that if the decision of the commission shall be accept- able, the corporation may applaud it as a wise conclusion based upon undispute@ proof of the equity of its schedules; and if, on the other hand, the decision shall be adverse and the freight schedules be either revised or reduced thereby, the railroad company will bhave a record upon which it may go into the courts and easily secure a reversal of the verdict of the commission. We trust that the Railroad Commission will be warned in time of this subtle and sinister purpose of the railroad company in the production of its volumes of evi- dence as to the justness of its existing schedules. If the commission expects to arrive at any result which will not be sat- isfactory to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, its members must see to it that the facts which warrant their conclusions are produced in evidence before them. It will not do to assert vaguely that this or that body of producers demand relief against railroad extortion, or that this or that section is being discriminated against. The facts which go to prove such extortion and discrimination must be embodied in the records of the commission, otherwise its conclusions will not stand the test of the appeal to the courts which the railroad company will surely take if any decision shall be arrived at reducing its rates. THE BAWNMORE'S LOSS. The reportsof the wrecking of the steam- ship Bawnmore on the northern coast have not cleared the mystery of the accident. It is announced simply that the vessel went ashore in a fog. This complicates the case exceedingly. If we assume that the navigating officer understood his busi- nese, and had a reliable compass and a chart of the route, we must admit that in the absence of some great extraneous force the wreck can be explained only on the score of a grievous fault. This makes the case 4 bad one, and calls for laws to cover all contingencies of inexcusable negligence, In the absence of definite knowledge concerning the capabilities of the person charged with the safe sailing of the ship, and in the presence of the knowledge that when the vessel left San Francisco she was heavily top-loaded and offered just such an invitation to disaster as the strong revailing westerly winds and a dangerous coast conspire to invite, it is difficult to ar- rive at a safe conclusion as to the causes which produced the wreck. The peculiar dangers which affect navi- gation on this coast are a menace to tramp vessels. These dangers are easily govern- able, and their avoidance is merely a mat- ter of intelligent navigation modified by the greed of the influence which controls it. The elements of the problem are very simple. Navigators, if given safe ships to handle, have only these matters to con- sider: First, that the winds are always from the west, and that at any time they may develop into a gale; that these winds are always abeam in coast traffic and have a tendency to drive vessels upon the shore; that fogs are liable to occur; that the shore is dangerous and should be given a very wide berth, and that safety is meas- ured by the distance from the shore; that owners of vessels are aware of the econ- omy of sailing well in shore, and that sail- ing masters have the temptation to make as good a record in sailing time as possi- ble, which means the close hugging of a dangerous coast. The conclusion of all this is that the owners of vessels are to blame for most of the wrecks which strew the coast. Itis easily conceivable that ship captains are anxious to make a record, and that in this pursuit they take risks which they would not assume were they individually ac- countable. Their employers, aware that the laws are all their way, have an incen- tive to urge their captains to take constant risks. What is the harm? Now and then a faithful captain and crew, a number of passengers and a valuable cargo may go to the bottom, but meanwhile these contin- gencies have been calculated in the general scheme of running expenses. It is certain that the heirs of no drowned passengers will sue for damages, and as for the own- ers of the cargo, their redress is in the hull of the sunken steamer. The advantage is all on the side of the steamship owner. From the owner’s point of view those patrons of his who desire to take a risk with which the law does not concern itself can claim no greater exemp- tion than that to which the one who unsuc- cessfully attempts suicide is entitled. REPUBLICAN RESPONSIBILITY. The State Board of Equalization has finished its labors and the tax levy has been fixed at 68 cents and 5 mills on each $100 of taxable property. This 1s one of the heaviest burdens of taxation ever laid upon the people of California, and it is more onerous because it follows upon two years of low prices and industrial depres- sion and comes at a time when the people demanded and had a right to expect econ- omy in the State government. To some extent the Board of Equaliza- tion is itself responsible for this excess of burden upon the people, for if it had assessed railroad property at anything like the valuation imposed upon the prop- erty of individuals there would have been no need for so heavy a proportional levy. Tre CALL pointed out this fact at the time the board met to make the railroad assess- ments and submitted an elaborate study of the subject with complete tables of statis- tics showing how railroad assessments had decreased from year to year when they should have increased with the growth of the State and the construction of new lines. The board increased the assess- ment somewhat over that of last year, but by no means enough to equalize the bur- dens of taxation between the people and the roads, and to that extent the Equali- zers are responsible for the increased taxes which t.ie people will have to pay. The greater responsibility, however, rests with the Legislature, whose members, elected on distinct pledges of economy, were guilty of the grossest extravagance. The fact that the Legislature was strongly Republican in both branches may incline some Republicans to shift the blame upon the Democratic Governor, on the ground that he should have rebuked extravagance by vetoing needless expenditures. To do that, however, would be to make a mere partisan issue that would be futile, fruit- less and pernicious. If we are ever to have reform in the direction of economy, the intelligent leaders of the party must denounce Republican extravagance and leave it to Democratic leaders to settle with their pledge-breakers as they will. The Republican party in fact must face responsibility for the last Legislature and it must face it with courage and honesty. ‘While the Legislature was in session THE CavLL again and again pointed out the ex- travagance that prevailed there. We said then that the party, while it could not shirk responsibility for the action of its representatives in office, would certainly repudiate the pledge-breakers at the next election. This is what the party ought to do and we believe it is what the party will do. True Republicans cannot palliate broken pledges nor falter in denouncing the men who break them. In thie sense then the Republican party accepts responsibflity for the last Legisla- ture and the heavy taxlevy. It denounces the whole extravagant gang and regards their work as a fraud upon itself as well as upon the people. -We warned the pledge- breakers last winter that the people would not forget their extravagance nor condone their offenses, and this we repeat. The time has come when corrupt gangs and com- binations of all kinds shall no longer masquerade as Republicans; when the Re- publican party will no longer let such fel- lows shift the blame on political opponents. Republicanism stands for honest govern- ment and neither can nor will allow any excuse for the men who betray it. RECOGNIZING PROGRESS. It is impossible for THE CALL to discuss separately, in its editorial columns, the handsome things which its exchanges have been saying about it recently. Their kindly expressions have appeared credited in these columns from time to time, and their republication has been intended by TuE CaLL as its most graceful acknowl- edgment of the appreciation in which they are held. A special impetus to the appearance of these notices has been the fact that Tue CavL to be housed in the handsomest building west of Chicago. At the same time and in this connection our exchanges bave had generous things to say of us on the score of keeping vulgar, offensive and’ demoralizing things out of these columns. Every newspaper that makes an expres- sion of this kind is regarded by THE CALL as its ally 1n the fight to eliminate inju- rious sensationalism from the press and to lead newspaper readers to a contemplation of the higher and better things upon which genuine progress rests. There is nothing easier or cheaper than vulgarity and the sneer. It is as bad to ridicule what is good or might be employed for good as it is to encourage the manifest evils which abound. A particular thing upon which THE CALL exchanges congratulate it is its manner of handling the Durrant case. Under the custom prevalent hereabout THE CALL might have been deemed justifiable in pandering to whatever depraved or sala- cious taste was eager to sit down to such a feast. It is conceivable that in scorning to follow such a course THE CALL has failed to secure the subscriptions of certain readers. Atthe same time it is con- vinced that it has secured many more whom it might have lost by pursuinga different course. All that aside, it is con- scious of haying done the right thing, and that suffices. It is the attitude of THE CALL'S ex- changes toward its policy that gives the true and highest confirmation of the wis- dom of its course. From one end of Cali- fornia to the other the praise of this de- parture has been hearty and unstinted. As a rule the men and women who pub- lish the newspapers of the interior are earnest and capable, and judging by their commendations of THE CALL they havea conscience which measures their sense of responsibility to the public. As the inte- rior press of California, so far as we have been able to observe, has unanimously ap- | proved THE CALL's course in domestic con- cerns, whether practical or moral, there can be no question that California ison the high road to that eminence which her splendid resources and intelligent popula- tion entitle her to occupy. PLAIN TALKS WITH FARMERS. We begin this morning the publication, under the title of *“Plain Talks With Farmers,” of a series of papers on the prob- lems of farm life to which we call the care- ful attention not of farmers only but of all who are interested in the conditions of rural industry. The writer, Edward F. Adams, is too well known to the farmers of the State, and indeed to the people gen- erally, to need an introduction from us. He has been prominent in the Grange, as a horticulturist and as an organizer of co- operative exchanges among fruit men, for many years, and in dealing with the sub- jects included in the scope of his papers he will write with the weight of a recognized authority. The papers will appear in Tue Darmy CaLL each week and also in THe WEERLY CaLn. In that which appears this morning will be found an ontline of the proposed scope of the series. These papers will add largely to the value and influence of THE CALL in its work as a champion of Pacific Coast inter- ests. The people of the City should read these articles as well as the people of the interior. The metropolis is concerned in all that affects th: life of the State, and it is no little satisfaction to us to be able to make farming conditions and rural prob- lems known to San Franciscans through the medium of one so familiar with them as Mr. Adams. IDEAS OF WESTERN EDITORS. California. Has Chicago or any other city or section of the East any just cause for complaint because we propose to develop our great resources? Is it not foolish for us to buy abroad those thin which we can as well produce at home? It is true that advice has been given by the press to the people of this State to purchase California products in preference to imported wares, in cases where quality and price are equal. Is there anything wrong in this? The purpose is to encourage home production, wglch means the employment of home labor and the larger prosperity of our people. Surely this is a patriotic and praiseworthy aim. Chicago has “no kick coming” on this score. Every pro- ressive community, section and State should ave similar aims, to the end that its domestic enterprise may be encouragea snd its indus- tries built up.—Los Angeles Times. Jim Townsend is making arrangements to start & paper in Bodie. He says he will have a correspondent in every village in the world, end that the paper will be as large as a ten- acre lot and be issued every hour. He expects to have a circulation of 40,000,000. His car- riers will be equipped with a flying machine each, and the paper will be delivered to sub- scribers at the north Kole ten minutes before it is printed.~Truckee Republican. The cucumbers grow so big down in Orange County that they are often misteken in the night for watermelons; at least that is what a per says, and the editor has evidently been foraging in the Oranege County garden patches by starlight.—Riverside Press. The members of the California Press Associa- tion will attend the Atlanta Exposition. That Wwill be an exhibit that will attract attention, and it will require no ‘‘spieler” to point out its merits; it will speak for itself.—Independ- ent Calistogian. The Manufacturers’ Association has done one good thing. It hasabout convinced man- ufacturers of California goods that they can get up a big trade for them if they will adver- tise.—Redlands Citrograph. An unthinking idler can tear down and de- stroy. It requiresa man of genius to construct &nd build up.—Sausalito News. Oregon. The bank rate of interest upon mortgages in San Francisdo was recently reduced from 7 to 6); per cent, and there is talk of clipping off the fraction—making the rate 6 per cent even. This, it is said, will have a beneficial effect upon the real estate market and it will enliven the building business. This has already be- come 50 active as to employ several sawmills along the Oregon coast that have for some time been wholly or partially idle. The added activity will no doubt soon give employment to new mills. The traces of the recent hard times are being slowly but surely eliminated.— Salem (Or.) Statesman. Disguise the fact as they may, the retail butchers of Portland are selling less meat than atany previous time, and all on account of that “industry” of butchering horses located a few miles below the city. The public will be suspicious so long.as that mercenary and san- guinary slaughter-pen exists. The butchers could have combinea and prevented this great injury to their trade, and have done & hu- mane act as well, if they had wanted to. But they didn’t.—Portland Tomahawk. The men who go down the Pacific in ships seem to have soon forgotten the fate of the top- heavy Colima. The Bawnmore's cumbersome deckiond may not haye been instrumental in running her ashore 1n a calm sea, but a more prudent captain would not have hampered his ship as the Colima was hampered when she went down.—Portiand Telegram. Washington. The atmosphere and every inflammable sub- stance is so very dry for about two monthsin the summer in Washington that only the utmost caution upon the part of all our people will prevent the annually recurring forest fires, Our people should first learn the value and necessity for preserving the forests, after which they should exert themselves to prevent their destruction.—Vancouver Independent. Science is getting in its deadly work. Up-to- date young persons of the female persuasion are alleged to have adopted the fashign of carrying a small phial filled with rose water and carbolic acid wherewith to neutralize the kiss microbe. When it comes to sterilized kisses the generation which is getting beyond that sort of thing will thank its stars that it was born some time ago.—Seattle Times. Utah. Nobody claims that the Republican party as an entire party is the friend of silver. But we do claim that the only hope for silver lies in the Republican party. Itisin that party that such men as Cameron, Teller, Wolcott, Dubos, Shoup, Ingalls, Allen and a'host of Gthers are working indefatigably to bring_about free silver by means of the party. While on the other hand the great leaders of the Democracy are moving heaven and earth to clean their skirts from the contamination of silver, and from the way that Southern and Western Democrats are falling in line it will not be long until thatis accomplished.—Ogden (Utah) Standard. Not being able to get our gold fast enough through the treasury the English have gone to buying up our gold mines. — Salt Lake Tribune. Arizona, A Celifornia postmaster has been removed for speaking contemptuously of the adminis- tration. In speaking of the administration yostmasters should be careful to conceal their contempt, The cattlemen of Arizona have starved for eight years, but at last the clouds are disap- pearing, and we look forward to many years of prosperity for the men who have stood the ctyclone of disaster.—Phenix Gazette. OFINIONS OF EASTERN EDITORS. License by Auction. General Martin, the head of the Boston Police Commission, has come out openly as the advo- cate of a new scheme for awarding licenses for the sale of liquor. It is, in brief, to sell all liquor licenses to the highest bidder, no indi- vidual or firm being allowed to biG on more than one license orsetof licenses. There are now in Boston outstanding about 800 licenses of the first class at $1000 apiece, and by the new census about ninety more can be issued. A conservative estimate has been made that by the auction plan at least £2500,000 in pre- miums would be realized, which would go a long way toward providing for the expenses of the police department.—Providence Telegram. Jury Reforms Are Needed. Almost sny measure that promises reform in our jury system mer1ts the serious considera- tion of taxpayers, who are burdened with the terrible expense of criminal prosecution through the courts,such as the people of no other country on earth would tolerate. That very few reforms in our jury system have been attempted may be due to the fact that lawyers have predominated in our State Legisiatures, and it has been noted as a marked weakness of lawyer legisiators that they do not favor schemes that contemplate the curtailment of their emoluments.—Chicago Times-Herald. The Bell and Its Keepers. Among the objections to senaing the Liberty bell to different parts of the country as a patriotic attraction at fairs and expositions, the most serious one is seldom mentione With the bell goes & body guard of city legis- lators. Now, if there be one thing more than wnother which the good people of Philadelphia would always like to keep at home, and keep hidden as much as {!ossib]e from the public view, it is the usual aggregation who sit in city councils. They are fit neither to toucn the Liberty vell with their greasy and greedy alms nor to go with it to any place where tmay be sent.—Philadelphis Record. Geese After Bloomers. An event of considerable curious interest took place in the village of Matamoras, N. J., on Sunday. A young woman, one of the “new” women in point ot fact, for she was wearing breeches or bloomers, rode into the town upon a bicycle, - Hardly had she reached the village green when she was set upon by a flock of geese, who seized her breeches, pulled her from her wheel, and continued the assault until the villagers came to the rescue and arove the geese away.—Baltimore Sun. England and Venezuela. . There is one rule of action which it wounld seem that we might fairly insist upon, and that is that the European nations should deal with the South American countries as they deal with each other. 1f that rule were ap- plied in the present case, Great Britain would consent to arbitration, as a matter of course. But Venezuela is a weak country, and England treets her accordingly.—Indianapolis News. A Degenerate Dog. According to Alpine travelers, the noble St. Bernard dog is losing his reputation as the {riend of those who dare the passes of the Alps. Recently a huge St. Bernard met two travelers in & narrow path and knocked them over the ledge into the snow. Then he proceeded to de- vour the lunch that had been leit at the place of assault.—Rome (N. Y.) Sentinel. Calf-Developers. It must be that the bicycle habit s spread- ing rapidly among our farming population. Unless this is true, what possible explanation can be given of the curious fact that in all the bicycle papers there have appeared of late ad- vertisements of a mysterious something or other which the inventor calls “cali-develop- ers?’—New York Times. A Quick People. The Chicago Coltseum came down much more quickly than the Roman Coliseum; but then consider how much quicker it was built. We do things more rapidly in this country, both coming and going.—Pittsburg Dispatch. UNMASKED. In a dimly highted alcove & man in evening dress stands peering between the hali-drawn portieres 1nto the ballroom beyond. Strains of a waltz come floating to his ears, but he hears nothing; he is watching a man and woman going and coming through the mazes of the dance. Suddenly he turns and sees & stranger beside him gazing Into his eyes. The face is repulsive in its expression of hate and envy. Involuntarily he recoils a step. Only then he recognizes his own image in :t'-n.—zum PEABODY in Chips. PLAIN TALKS WITH FARMERS, When one proposes to sit down to a | the spirit and object of these letters, which ‘‘plain, candid talk with you’ you may be sure he has some end to gain. I will begin by avowing my end, which is none other than to increase the circulation and influence of Tae Carn among farmers by saying in this column true and useful things which most farmers are not in a position to know about, or knowing them do not realize their importance. Itis for this purpose that one who is himself a farmer has been engaged by THE CALL to say these things. If I here write so truth- fully and so forcefully as to impress farm- ers with the value of these matters they will support THE CALL in order to obtain the information that they desire. Speaking as a farmer [ ask: Why isit that the mercantile and professional classes live more luxuriously than we? Why do not their wives also rise at five in the morning and toil till bedtime? Why do they ride in palace cars and we in tourist cars? Now our usnal answer to this is that the whole race of them are nefarious cormo- rants thriving upon the blood and sweat of the patient, noble, honest son of toil. But the facts are that they are morally just such as we. The real difference whereby they thrive while we strive unprotitably is that they are not such fools as we are; they know their business and we do not. 1f they buy a ton of grain they know what it cost them, and when they sell it they know whether they have made a profit. ‘When we raise a ton of grain we do not know what it has cost us, and when we sell it we only guess whether we make or lose by our ability or inability to pay our bills. ‘I'he merchants and professional men have the intelligence and vigor to get more for their services in facilitating the business of the world than we get for doing that without which the world could not live. ‘We need not blame them; if the circum- stances were reversed we should be living on them. Now this is frank talk, but it is truth; if accepted and acted upon as such we may help ourselves. If, on the contrary, it is resented and the truth-teller assailed, we shall remain as we are. When bankruptcy threatens a man his first duty to himself is to look the situa- tion squarely in the face, foot up his obli- gations and look to his assets ana the pos- sibility of realizing on them. Then only can he determine whether to go on and try to win through or give up. Thisis what I am trying to do; and having gone through the subject pretty well in my own mind I will say now that I am convinced there is an outcome to it which in due time we shail reach; there are many things which favor the farmer after all. 1i it were not so there could no good come of these plain talks, which by and by I hope will not be all on one side, for it would be heartless to destroy hope even were our situation hopeless, which it is not. But before coming to remedies we must look further into conditions, and if pos- sible I wish to get clear to the bottom of things and lay such a foundation that we can build safely upon it knowing that the superstructure will siand. I have said we were fools, of course using that word for whatever of startling effect it might have and to determine at once whether I am to have any further hearing or not, for ii my readers stand that they will stand anything, since nothing meaner can be said than to call a man a fool ora woman homely. In politer phrase I might have said that we lacked knowledge, which would have been less likely to offend, although it means the same thing, but there is a certain virtue in these plain Anglo-Saxon words to con- dense into a very few letters a whole world of meaning and set men thinking which no other words possess, and I use them wherever I can. Now, all men lack knowledge, and none feel this so keenly as those who know most. One cannot properly be called a fool because he does not know all that is true, even re- lating to his own business, but we must know what is actually essential in order to make our incomes larger than our outgo, and so much we can know if we will, and we farmers as a class do not know that; which being the case, if we are not fools what are we? The grain farmers should know the world’s consumption of the cereals, its areas of grain-bearing land, with cost of production in each, and cost of transportation to the price-making market, and the area of land not raising grain but which may do so, and should measure his power to compete with the whole world; he should have known of the first ship- ment of farm machinery to Soath America before it even reached there, and should have forecasted its probable effects. The fruit-grower should know when he plants an orchard, not only what varieties of fruit will succeed best with him, but where the market for those fruits is to be found years hence when his orchard comes to beariug; at what cost he can deliver those products, o what market, what con- sumption he may expect at rates which | will yield him a profit, and what competi- tion he will find there. The men who to- daly are shipping plums to New York with- out knowing what competition they will meet from Oregon are fools, and I am one of them. If I say that my output does not |- justify the expense of learning what com- petition I am to meet, I may be answered that I was a fool to engage in a business which I could not understand. Now the farmer may say he could not know these things. He can. Plenty of people know them who are not farmers, and, because they know them, they have money while we bave none. It is, of course, true that no small farmer like my- self can unaided find out all he needs to know, but any community of farmers can do so if they have the wisdom to unite in the necessary expenses. It is also true that in all lines of business there are changes of conditions which no precedence can forecast; some new variety of peach may develop whose excellence and fe- cundity will render all other varieties un- salable, but any such thing is very un- likely, and within reason and with proper effort of himself and others of like interest the farmer may judge so wisely of the vrobable profit of farming ventures as in the long run to make money, instead of coming out at the little end of the horn. This illustrates what I mean by knowl- edge —not “culture,” not literature. These are of the delightful things coming after we have money, the ornament to the solid financial structure—certainly not ‘““theosophy” nor any other of the blind struggles to learn the unknowable where- with the speculative occupy them- selves, nor even astronomy and kindred sciences, as to which, however useful, farmers need not, as farmers, to be in- formed. Not any of these, but solid, clean- cut but accurate and definite information of all facts which affect their income from the farm. Iwill goa little deever into this in my next article. But just now 1 wish to say a word as to are not written to fill space 1n the paper or to bring a little income to the writer, but because THE CALL hopes I may be able to say things here which will ultimately lead to well-considered and united action on the part of farmers whereby they may benefit themselves. This is one advantage which we farmers have. Every ome is glad to help usif we will only bhelp our- selves, and none more glad than those who own mnewspapers; and this is not necessarily benevolence, although we need not deny to any one a share of that kindly quality which is happily common to most of us, but we can get help because the pros- perity of all other classes so largely rests upon the purchasing power of the farmer. If we have money to spend other classes will get it, and they want it, and will help us in order to help themselves. AndsoI am writing these letters and amglad to do so, because during some years past I have had some special experi- ences from which I certainly have learned much, and from which I think my brother farmers may learn, and the lesson I have learned is, “‘Get knowledge.” Having been in the bausiness of raising fruit for twelve years I have discovered that I know substantially very little about it, and also that I know more about it than the average fruit-grower; but I have made the first step toward knowledge in the dis- covery of my ignorance, and possibly the second step in the ascertainment of what I need toknow. It is very possible, as Tre Caiy thinks, that a man in that frame of mind is a good man to listen to. 1 hope so. I have no apology to make for devoting the first two or three of my letters to the philosophy of our situation, but perhaps it will be best to give a reason forit. I do not think any one can be so roused as to be in any way helpful in movements for the farmers’ welfare except by a thorough understanding of eur ignorance and of the consequences inevitably following it; and it seems to me that we shall best reach this conviction, not by conceding it without thought, but by dwelling upon it a little in detail. A little later, when we fully comprehend where we are, how we came there and where we are going to, we can more intelligently take steps to go some- where else if we don’t like the look ahead. And so, now, finally dismissing these per- sonal allusions, in all modesty, but with hope of usefulness, I will fare on. Epwarp F. Apaus. Wrights, Cal., Sept. 2, 1895. PERSONAL. A. P. Cosper of Tacoma is at the Lick. C. H. Dwinelle of Fulton is at the Grand. D. P. Durst of Wheatland is at the Grand. Dr. J. M. Blodgett of Lod{ is at the Grand. M. L. Trowbridge of San Jose is at the Bald- win. T. N. Patrick, an Omaha capitalist, is at the California. G. Migliavacca, & wine man from Napa, is at the Baldwin. C. M. Fielding, & mining man from Chicago, is at the Palace. William Witmer, 8 vineyardist from Santa Clara, is at the California. ‘William C. Carl, the organist, is registered at the Occidental from New York. J. C. Daly of Santa Clara, one of the Code Commissioners recently appointed, is at the California. J. R. Peakes, proprietor of the Yosemite House, came down from Stockton yesterday and registered at the Lick. CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YOREK. NEW YORK, N.Y., Sept. 8.—California reg- istered at hotels to-day: San Francisco—W. A. Davies, Dr. W. J. Young, Hoffman; J. 8. Ewing, Broadway Central; B. F. Garratt, Holland; W. C. McCloskey, Morton; W. B. Smith Jr., Cole- man; A. R. Wells, Park Avenue; Miss C. Wil- bur, Imperial; H. Barbier, Union 8quare; J. 8. Miller, A. Ayers, Metropole; J. Sperrance, Grand Union. Los Angeles—J. H. Bolien, St. James; Miss Marshall, Imperial. Oakland—H. Lamoureaux,Murray Hill; O. W. Stull, Miss Stoddard, Colonnade. Sacramento—E. Gerber, M. Wagener, Union Square. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Fast DriviNG—J. M., City. There isan ordi- nance of this City which prohibits fast riding or driving on the public streets. Why it is not enforced is something for the police to answer. The municipal law says: No person shall immoderately drive any horse upon any public street or highway within this City and County: drive any horse at any rate of speed faster than a walk Over Or upon any street crossing within that portion of the City and County bounded by the westerly line of Van Ness avenue, between the nortnerly line of Pacific avenue and Market street: southwest line of Eleventn street, from Market to Harrison: southeast line of Harrison strect, from Eleventh to Eighth; southwest line of Elghth street, from Harrison to Brannan; south- east line of Brannan street, from Eighth to Sixth; southwest line of Sixth street, from Brannan 1o Berry; southeast line of Berry street, from Sixth to Third; northeast hne of Third street, from Berry to'Brannan: southeast line of Brannan street, from Third to northeast line of First; north- east line of First str: et, from Brannan to Harrisons southeast line of Harrison street, from First to northeast line of Stenart: northeast line of Steuart streat, from Harrison to Folsom; southeast line of som street. from Steuart to northeastline of street south: northeast line of East street south and north, from Folsom to the northerly line of Pacific: the northerly line of Pacific street and Pacific_avenue, from the Dortheasterly line of iast street to westerly line of Van Ness avenue; &lso on Golden (iate avenue, between Van Ness and Devisadero stree PROMISSORY NotE— W. McC., Manchestgr, Mendocino County, Cal. It an individual ives a promissory note unsecured and when t becowes due refuses to pay it and has real estate in his name the holder can commence suit and levy on the realty. JuroRs’ FEEs—O. O. A., Stockton, San Joa- quin County, Cal. Jurors are paid fees in civil and criminal cases in all the counties of the State of California outside of San Fran- cisco under the provisions of an act passed by the last Legislature. THE ELIZABETH—L. A. M., Golden Gate, Ala~ meda County, Cal. The ship Elizabeth was wrecked on Tennessec Rocks, February 21, 1891. Captain Colcord, master of the?euel, and seventeen of the crew were drowned. “HER GOLDEN HAIR"—Constant Reader, City. The song, “Her Golden Hair Was Hanging Down Her Back,” was sung by a member of the Honderson Company in “‘Aladdin Jr.” THE GEORGIA MINT—M. K., City. The United States mint in Georgia was established in 1835 and was discontinued in 1861. It was located at Dahlonega. AT THE MAIN—E, C. J., City. The house flag used to designate the house to which belongs is dflplnyed from the mdnmu: Ve — —_—————e— Pineapple and cherries, 50¢ 1b, Townsend’s.* —————— Bacox Printing Company, 508 Clay strest. * PICTURE cards. Roberts, 220 Sutter, - ———————— The fgmt aerolite, called Gran Chaco, which fell near Tucuman in 1783, weighs a fraction over 32,000 pounds. It has alarge Ppercentage of copper in its make-up. —————— ‘WIHEN the blood is in & depleted condition cool- ing breezes will not restore vitality and vigor. Only Hood’s Sarsaparilla will do this. It purifies the blood and restores health to the whole system, ——————— “Mrs. Winslow’s Soothing Syrup” Has been used over fifty years by millions of moth- ers for their children while Teething with pertect success. It soothes the child, softeus the gums, al- leys Pain, cures Wind Colic, regulates the Bowels and is the best remedy for Diarrhcess, whether arising from teething or other causes. Kor sale by Druggists in every part of the worid. Fe sure and ask for Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup. 260 & TO-DAY. (TYmPAR (urtan Dept airs IRISH POINT SOOLPURTAINS, in New 6. 0 5 0 and Handsome De- B s Per Pair. soo gt X e 91,20 & $1.50 Patterns, at Per Pair. $2.00 Per Pair 500 pairs NOTTINGHAM CURTAINS, Light Brussels effect, at £ 125 pairs FRINGED CHENILLE POR- 'HERES, Full Size, Handsome Dado and Fringe, in all the latest ¥ colorings, at.. ssenees. Per Pair 40 pieces SASH NETTING, 30 in. wide, o in New and Handsome Designs, . NEW FIS wissorosomene: 45° §0° & 66° 50 Eieces H- wide, in Ecru, Ivory and White, 8t......0e Per Yard. GREATEST BARGAIN EVER OFFERED. FINE GL“VES, ALL STYLES, ar BOF° prr rarr, Worth $1.50 and $1.25. SE HABLA ESPANOL. G. VERDIER & CO., SE. Cor. Geary and Grant Ave. VILLE DE PARIS. BRANCH HOUSE, LOS ANGELES. REDUCED TELEPHONE RATES. SERVICE No. 1. o1d, $9 50 New, 85 50 Per Month. WITH NICKEL-IN-THE-SLOT AT- TACHMENT. E Reduction over 42 per cent. THIS SERVICE, NOW GIVEN FOR 85 50 PER MONTH, INCLUDES: Individual Metalllc Copper Circults (Two Wires) Long Distance Telephones Forty City Switches SERVICE No. 2. Express System 014, $9 50 New 84 50 Per Monh. WITH NICKEL-IN-THE-SLOT AT- TACHMENT. Reduction over 52 per cent, THIS SERVICE, NOW GIVEN FOB ®4 50 PER_MONTH, INCLUDES: Combination Line Metallic Copper Circuits (Two Wires, one_subscriber on each wire) no bell-ringing interference Long Distances Telephones ~ Express Systern Forty City Switches SERVICE No. 3. 01d, $9 50 New, 82 50 Per Month. WITH NICKEL-IN-THE-SLOT AT- TACHMENT. Reduction over 73 per cent. THIS SERVICE, NOW GIVEN FOR 2 50 PER MONTH, INCLUDES: Party Line Metallic Copper Circuits (Two Wires, five subscribers on each wire) Long Distance Telephones Express System Forty City Switches (to each subscriber) ‘Three hundred subscribers are now connected at this $2 50 rate. L. H. JACOBI, Contract Agent, 216 Bush st. SaN FRANCISCO, August 8, 1895, RURNITURE 4 ROOI'S $90 Parlor—Silk Brocatelle, 5-plece suit, plash trimmed. Bedroom—7-piece Solid Oak Sult, French Bevel- plate Glass, bed, bureau, washstand. two chairs. rocker and table; pillows, woven- mattress. Dlning-uuom—a-mm Extension Table, four Solid Oak Chairs. Kitchen—No. 7 Range, Patent Kitchen Table and two chairs. EASY PAYMENTS. and top Houses furnished complete, city or country, any where oa the coast, Open evemings, M. FRIEDMAN & CO., 224 to 230 and 306 Stockton and 237 Post Street. Free packing and delivery across the bay. . NEW WESTERN HOTEL. EARNY AND WASHINGTON STS.—RE- modeled and renovated. KING, WARD & CO, an'rgp’:n ]:hn.‘snoom. 50¢ to uhw pee d‘:.y‘.;{ week, $8 to nth; : hot and cold water ev:?,",.;':fn ire grates in every Toom; eievator runs all Dight. DATENTS 220 MARKET ST. Ak