The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 19, 1895, Page 1

VOLUME LXXVIL—N SAN FRANCISCO, FRIDAY MORNING, JULY 19, 1895. PRICE FIVE CENT SILVER THEIR THEME. Harvey and Horr Went On With the Big Debate. MAREKED BY ACRIMONY. The New York Editor Objected to Being Classed as a Money-Lender. HE ALSO DEFENDED CONGRESS. Was the Demonetlization of Silver the Act of a Band of Con= spirators? [Copright, 1895, by Azel F. Hatch.] 18.—The Harvey- marked by consid- the part of both Mr. Horr said he n to make. He ragraph from his ment of yesterday: “These or the selfish interests of ¢ Mr. Horr is here advo- r. Horr said he took them CHI Horr ¢ erable peake on on his character. He con- am not a money-lender. 1have y bank or institution of I was raised on a farm, was done for $10a month. debate to advocate those ch will be for the best inter- ing classes, from which I vey explained that when he said advocated the principles of s he did not mean to say that 1imself was a money-lender. He however, in giving the history of . Horr should not have omitted at he had at one time been a nt. “This question will not any man parading himself as 2d son of toil,” said the tree- ‘It lies deeper than that.”’ en plunged knee-deep into ion of the act of 1873, which de- r, but was shortly inter- rupted by the bell of the timekeeper. Mr. Horr, after indulging in a little m at his adversary’s expense, took I history of the passage of the act of 1873, and defied the champion of the white metal to produce any proof that England had any hand in the act of 1873. In reply to this Mr. Harvey said that Delmar, the English historian, had made it a matter of record th lish bill of 1816, de- monetizing silver, was for two weeksin the the hands of Mr. Knox, the American Comptroller of the Treasury. This state- ment was followed by a denunciation of Congress. “The attempt to smirch the Congress of the United States can be characterized by no other word than infamous,” shouted Mr. Horr, leaping to his feet. “The man who tsin to do this had better never have started at all.” e opening exchange of personalities Iso said: “Mr. Horr and nu- s employes of newspaper corpora- her corporations are in part, hem, representing ‘their honest nd 1 accord that to the hon- en from New York. Many ever stop to analyze the ques- reat principle that must make sublic in which they live. 1 of salary which they You say that a man should bet- nd if a better salary is offered Not for all the combined the world would I accept a posi- re I would have to advocate a hat I thought would destroy the ies of my countrymen. There is g in this life g 1 we again get the American people e thi d not until then—can have in this land, and an will have an opportunity to g without being deprived of it he aggregation of selfish interests. The value of the deb: was this: A studied misrey has gone before the people of the United States that there was on $8,000,000 of silver coined by the United States Govern- ment prior to 1873. Now, meeting face to face with a representative of the other side of the question, this debate now carries to the people of the United States the aa- mitted fact that there was $143,000,000 of silver coined prior to 1873.”” Mr. Horr took up the question of the origin of the law of 1873. He sald it was drafted after consulting a large number of experts, who were apt to know a little morve about the monetary question than those who had never studied it all. He denied that the bill had its origin in Eng- land, or anywhere except in the brains of the people who were looking after the coinage interests of the United States. He defied Mr. Harvey to prove one single item that had any reference to the British con- trolling or dictating the matter. He con- tinued: “Every step taken in the incipi- ency of this measure was as open as the light. Thousands of coies of the bill were sent broadcast to all parts of the country. No one tried to cover up the fact that the bill, as originally drafted by Mr. Knox and indorsed by Secretary Boutwell of the Treasury, dropped the silver dollar piece of United States and changed the unit of value. All the letters of the experts and the report of Mr. Knox were printed by order of the Senate.” “Have you that bill and those letters with y and will you produce them dur- ing this debate?” asked Harvey. “Iwillif I have them. Iam not sureif I brought them with me,” answered Horr. “By examing the records of the day and the newspapers,” said Harvey, *‘we find there was an era of corruption in Congress at that time. Clinton Colgate confessed before the Ways and Means Committee of 1873 to the use of money to influence the incorporation of special features in the in- ternal revenue bill, testifying, among other things, that Charles Sherman of Ohio, a brother of Senator Sherman, had been paid $10,000 by the New York Stock Exchange in connection with the revenue bill. The fact developed that while the money had not been paid, Judge Sherman had rendered a wl’ for his services for to be we a ater than money. | % have refused to enact any laws reinstat- securing the services of his brother, Sen- ator Sherman, to put the bill through. Judge Sherman was then a United States District Judge.” After denouncing the attempt of Mr. Harvey to “smirch the Congress of the United States as infamous,” Mr. Horr said: “The people of this country—and the Congressman is no exception—as an aver- age are upright, honest business men. I admit that Judge Sherman was guilty of & crime. That was dever in any way con- nected with his brother, John Sherman, and you know it. They exonerated him. Judge Sherman resigned immediately; they drove him from the bench. But what has that to do with the question whether Mr. Knox openly and squarely presented this bill to Congress. It was debated in the Senate for three days. It came'toa vote in the Senate January 10, 1871, and passed by an aye and no vote. The Sena- tors from the Pacific Slope voted for it and Senator Sherman voted against it. The Fifty-first Congress adjourned without action having been taken on the biil.”” Mr. Harvey continued his line of attack on the honesty of Congress and its em- ployes in 1873, referring particularly to the charges of corruption made by individuals and the press against George A. Bassett, clerk of the Ways and Means Committee. The salary grab bill, which had to be re- pealed by force of public sentiment, was passed by the Congress which demone- tized silver. The people could understand a salary grab, but they could not under- stand a scientific spoliation of their rights. ““To make plain how the fraud was prac- ticed,” continued Mr. Harvey, “I will read the sections as th tand in the law and include the words which were erased from the bill surreptitiously in its passage.” “By whom? What proof have you that anything was erased?”’ interrupted Horr. “I will get to the proof of that a little later,”” resumed Harvey. ‘“‘As the bill passed both houses the unit was in gold, and free and unlimited coinage of both metals was provided for. But as enrolled, the mints were closed to free and unlimited coinage of silver, except as to the trade dollar, afterward abolished. The standard silver dollar was fraudulently omitted after the bill had passed both houses.”” “Upon the face of his own bill,” said Horr, “‘there is a proof to any man who has studied this question that is conclu- sive. The vile attempt to prove that any such bill ever went from the House and Senate is false. Does any man in his senses believe that they ever undertook to give free coinage of silver to a standard dollarof 384 grains? The old dollar was not reinstated, but the silver dollar was reduced in weight from 412}4 grains to 384 grains, and made a subsidiary coin like all the other silver coins of the United States.” After the debate was ended for the day Judge Miller announced that questions from the audience would be received. Mr. Horr said: “This is a question by Charles Coffin of Arkansas: ‘If the Amer- ican people always act independently on great questions, why do you oppose their doing so on the free coinage of silver?’” [Applause.] “Why do you cheer till you know what Isay? Why don't you wait? Maybe you won’t cheer. My answer to that is I did not know that I had opposed anywhere on the face of the earth their acting on the subject and did not know that anybody in the United States had ever opposed it. It is a new thing to me.” “The next question is from J. C. Sibley of Pennsylvamia—In view of your state- ment that the silver dollar was worth more by at least 3; per cent than the gold dollar in 1873, what justification do you make of the claim of the monometal- lists that silver was demonetized because of its decline in value arising from over- production of silver?” ““My answer to this is that the monometallists do not claim anything of the kind. [Laughter.] Wait till I get through. asked me you must let me answer them. The monometallists claim that silver was demonetized, because the men in Congress in 1873 believed that silver was not a good measure for value; that it was more un- stable than gold and they demonetized it on that account, because they thought there was going to be an influx brought in from Germany. They claim that after- ward the over-production of silver was such as to drive the price down—down,and they ing the free coinage of silver on the old ratio, because over production hascontinu- ally reduced the price. That was not given as the reason for passing the law. Germany did not give it, England did dot give it, France did not give it; but they gave the reason that silver is not the best measure of value for the people of the civilized world. They gave the reason that it is continually cheapening the price because of the constant increase in produc- tion. It that satisfactory?” Mr. Sibley said: ‘‘As long as you ask me, I will answer you. You will allow, then, if the claim is made by monometal- lists that silver was demonetizedZbecause of the large increase of production that that statement would be incorrect.” Said Mr. Horr: “That statement would be nonsensical, because it was not cheap at that time. Certainly you and I don’t differ about it; that is a business proposi- tion. A man with your sense—and I have got about as much—would not get into any such foolish nonsense.’” ““The next question is by Howard 8. Tay- lor of Chicago, one of the referees in this case. Iwantto give him dignity: ‘Isit true that in volume 2, page 165, public document on finance, Mr. Jefferson com- municated to Congress a report of the director of the mint inwhich the reason as- signed for discontinuing the coinage of the dollar was the need of small change among bankers, and the fear that the specie would be exported ?’ “I present the book open at that page. It is true. January 15, 1806, Mr. Jeffer- son sent to Congress—and I take it was very mear the time that this letter was dated when he made the order—a corimunication from Robert Patterson, the Director of the Mint, which had been sent to him, and he communicated it or sent it in his communication to Congress. And one of the statements in that communication of Mr. Patterson reads as follows: ‘The striking of small comsisa measure which should be adopted to ac- commodate the bankers and other deposi- tors, and at their particular request, but with a view of furnishing a supply of small change and to prevent the exporta- tion of the specie of the United States to foreign countries.’ “The clause previous to that reads: ‘Of the precious metals the number of pieces coined in the last year far exceeds that of any former year since the establishment of _— Qontinned on Fourth Page. When questions are | VALLEY ROAD GRADING It Has Now Fairly Been Commenced at Stockton. THEROADBED MATERIAL. It Will Be Dredged From ‘the Bottom of Mormon Channel. WORK FOR ALL TEAMSTERS. They Can Secure Employment by Making Application to the Contractor. STOCKTON, Caw., July 18.—Contractors Thornton, Doyle and Craven, who have the job of grading the roadbed for the Val- ley Railroad, began the work this morn- | ing of making a road into Mormon chan- | volves directly Andrew Johnson, one of the flock, and indirectly H. A. Wermuth, a wealthy man and one of the pillars of the church. Mr. Johnson, who resides at the south- west corner of Miner avenue and Stanis- laus street, is regarded as somewhat erratic, and it is said that he hunts for wrongs done other people in order that he may right them. According to his friends’ version of the affair his present trouble was caused by this peculiarity of his. The charge against. Mr. Johnson is that he was guilty of conduct unbecoming a Christian; that he used profane language, and advised an aged woman named Duffy to drive a dagger into Mr.' Wermuth’s heart. Mrs. Duffy owns or did own a small house on Union street, near the State asylum grounds. Mr. Wermuth held a mortgage of $650 on the place. He thought the house and the lot were not worth at present as much as the mortgage called for, but some of the neighbors say the place is worth $1500. About feur months ago Wermuth ob- tained a quitclaim deed from Mrs. Duffy. It is supposed that the deed was secured under the impression that the place was homesteaded and therefore belonged to frs. Duffy alone, her husband being dead, end that her children had no interest in the estate. Mrs. Duffy claims that she signed tke quitclaim on the understanding that she could have ten years to pay off the mortgage, if necessary, and that Wer- muth was to rent the house and apply the rental toward paying the interest and principal of the mortgage. DIED LIKE A PATRIOT, ¢ God Protect Bulgaria® Were Stambuloff’s Last Words. POISON ON POIGNARDS. The Assassins Determined to Kill the Bismarck of Their Country. PRINCE FERDINAND SCORED. Sitting Stlll In Carlsbad Without Trying to Bring the Murder- ers to Justlice. SOFIA, BuLearia, July 18.—Stefan M. Stambuloff, ex-Premier of Bulgaria, died | at 3:30 o’clock this morning from the ef- | fects of wounds inflicted upou him Mon- day evening when he was returning home Voris; Andrew Mooney, Peoria, Deputy United States Marshal; Friez Fisher, Peoria. None of the injured are badly hurt. el . COLLECTING THE GUARANTEE. Patrons of the Associated Press Liber- ally Ass SANDUSKY, Oxro, July 18.—The Regis- ter of this city, a charter member of the Associated Press, states editorially that on Saturday last the board of directors of that organization directed a call upon members for 35 per cent of the guarantee subscribed nearly six years ago and also states that it was distinctly understood at the time the guarantee was signed by the members they would not be called upon to pay one cent of it, and that it would not be necessary to use it and that the only object in making it was to give timely notice to the United Press that the Associated Press was ready for war. According to the annual report made by the directors on December 31, 1894, the Associated Press assessments are now much higher than they were in August, 1893. For instance, at that time the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette and Enquirer were each paying $98 68 a week fora report which now costs them each $160 35. Each of the morning papers published in Detroit then paid $116 a week, while they are now paying $15080. The In- dianapolis News paid $6512 and is now paying $95 05. The Kansas City Journal and the Times each paid $11740 and the Star $12620 a week, while now the Timeg TURNING THE FIRST nel, above California street, preliminary to hauling grading material from that water- course, the material to be used in making the railroad bed. This afternoon the Board of Public ‘Works signed a contract with the con- tractors for dredging Mormon channel for a width of seventy-five feet and a depth of not less than thirteen feet, extending from the location of the proposed drawbridge to the Lincoln-street bridge on one side, and the outfall on the other. The price stipu- lated to be paid for the work is the nom- inal sum of $1. It 1s the same dredging for which the city paid $40,000 a few years ago. Ties and piles for the Valley road are now being unloaded from a barge on the south bank of Mormon channel at Edison street. The contractors announce that all resi- dents of Stockton having teams can secure employment for them upon reporting with their teams at the corner of Center street and Scott’s avenue to-morrow morning at 7 o’clock. A4 STOCKTON DON QUIXOTE. His Erratic Conduct Involves Him With His Church. STOCKTON, Car., July i8.—A church trial was held last evening at the Central Methodist Episcopal Church, which in- 80D FOR THE VALLEY ROAD ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF MORMON [From a photograph taken for the “Call.”) The house is still in dispute, and Mr. Wermuth, has taken the quarrel into the church. He preferred charges upnimc Mr. Johnson on account of the latter’s belliger- ent talk and wicked-looking penknife. Johnson, it is understood, will file counter charges againstiWermuth. Voluminous testimony was taken at the trial last night, and the church authorities are now digesting it. MARRIED AT PLATTSBURG. Lieutenant Arnold Weds the Davghter of Major Harvey. PLATTSBURG, N. Y., July 18.—Platts- burg was the scene of a military wedding this evening, the contracting parties bein, Lieutenant Conway Hillyer Arnold Jr. of the Fifth Artillery, located at the Presidio, San Krancisco, and Miss Gertrude Ma; Harvey, daughter of Major Phillip F. Harvey, surgeon Twenty-first Regiment, U. 8. A, of Plattsburg. The ceremony was performed at Trinity Church and a re- ception was held at the Mansion in the evening which was attended by many prominent military officers from abroad. —_——— Shot His Wife’s Parents. CHICAGO, IuL., July 18.—To-night at 653 West North avenue Paul Blake seriously wounded his mother-in-law, Mrs. Keil, and attempted to kill his father-in-law, Charles Keil. " He claims his father-in-law was the cause of separating him from his wife. THAT RESTLESS WHITE ELEPHANT. from the Union Club. Only 40 years of age he had earned for himself the title of the “Bismarck of Bulgaria,” and his last words were: ‘“‘God protect Bulgaria.” His death has intensified the bitter feel- ing that exists between his partisans and the supporters of the present Government, and it has been freely charged that Prince Ferdinand and his Ministers are directly responsible for his assassination. M. Petkoff, M. Stambuloff’'s personal friend and editor of his newspaper organ, the Svoboda, who was with him at the time he was set upon by the assassins, and who was himself wounded, has been sitting beside the body ever since death occurred. He refuses to leave the dining-room of the Stambuloff residence where the remains are now lying. His wounds are in the head. The funeral of M. Stambuloff will be fixed for Saturday afternoon. Rumors are current that the poignards used by the assassins had poison on their blades, but these reports are not generally believed. NEW YORK, N. Y., July 18.—The Her- ald’s special cable dispatch from Berlin says: It is considered in well-informed circles here that the scandalous attempt on Stambuloff’s life has added another dark cloud to a horizon already sufficiently overcharged. The Franco-Russian in- trigue in Abyssinia, the request made by the Czar’s Government to Japan for her early withdrawal of troops from Chinese territory, the re-enforcement of the Rus- sian fleet in the far East and the ever- growing arrogance of French Chauvinism are all factors rendering the political situ- ation precarious. LONDON, Exa., July 18.—The Pall Mall Gazette, in an article on the assassination of ex-Premier Stambuloff, says: Prince Ferdinand, in sitting still in Carlsbad, without pretense of bringing his instru- ments to justice, while he at the same time sends his chamberlain to express hypocritical sympathy to Madame Stam- buloff, proves himself a coward and a ras- cal. KILLED DURING A QUARREL. Farmers Fight Over the Possession of a Fish Seine. MONTGOMERY, Ara., July 18.—A fatal fight is reported near Abbeville, Ala. J. C. Manly and Sam Holland, two promi- nent farmers, had bought a fish seine to- getherand Manly wanted a party of friends to seine with him yesterday and went by Holland’s to get the net. Holland had also organized a seining party for the same day. A dispute arose about the net and Holland drew a long knife and stabbed Manly to death. Manly’s young son, who ran to his father’s relief, was also danger- Keeper Morgan (of the Syndicate)—It’s all right, old man; he can’t get away. TUncle Sam—P'raps not, but his little kicks are annoying, and you're paid to keep [Reproduced from an engraving in the Chicago Inter Ocean him quiet. ously cut. Holland escaped and is being searched for. . ——ee— ONE KILLED, THREE INJURED. A Big Four Freight Runs Down a Pas- senger Train. PEORIA, IrL., July 18.—At 7:13 o’clock to-night a Big Four freight ran into the rear of a Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis passenger train at Grove siding, a few miles below this city, badly wrecking the engine and killing one and injuring three per- sons. The dead: Martha Wright, IN. The injured are: Ed Voris, Peoris, son of Deputy United States Marshal OHANNEL, STOCKTON, is paying $152 62, the Journal $16025 and the Star §$174 61. In St. Louis the Republic, Globe-Demo- crat, Post, Anzeiger and Amerika each paid $93 05. The Globe-Democrat and Re- public now pay $161 21 and the three Ger- man papers each $120 97. The Minneapo- lis Journal paid $98 90; it is now paying $16091. The 8t. Paul Dispatch paid $94 25 and is now vaying $153 16. The Register says that if the members who signed the guarantee fund have any nerve they will not pay a cent until they are forced to at the end of a lawsuit, and that they are not duly informed as to the necessity for any such assessment. MINERS N THE TOMB. Heroic Efforts Made to Rescue the Imprisoned Men. They Have Been Twenty-four Hours Without Food, but Recelve Fresh Alr. TRON MOUNTAIN, Micu., July 18.— The nine men imprisoned by a cave in the Pewabic mine have not yet been reached. The cave took place yesterday afternoon, and it was confidently expected that the men would be rescued or their bodies re- covered early this morning, but the rescue party found the work more difficult than was foreseen and has made but slow prog- Tess. The men worked steadily ali night to rescue their comrades, and the shifts were frequently changed so that the best work might be done. The timbers are so badly broken and twisted that they seemed to make, with the fallen rock, an almost im- penetrable barrier. In many places 1t was found necessary to loosen the material by blasting, and the blasts bring down more rock and so re- tard the work. Moreover, while the res- cuers are working like heroes they are obliged to use the ctmost caution, as a cave may come at any time and cause them to share the fate of their comrades. From the rate at which they are now pregressing it will takeat least twenty-four hours to reach the imprisoned men. The mine officials say that the men are all undoubtedly alive; that they escaped into the drifts and will be found unharmed, but the miners who are familiar with the mine say that at least six of the men were crushed to death by the cave. The imprisoned miners have now been without food for more than twenty-four hours, but plenty of fresh air is being pumped down into the chamber in which they were canght by yesterday’s cave-in. The rescuing party worked like Trojans all day, and & fresh gang is at work to-night. It is thought now that a passage will be cleared some time to-morrow. Communi- cation by means of sound hasbeen estab- lished with the imprisoned men, but itis not kmown whether all are alive. The feeling is ing that some of the unfor- mmm‘ mm '2n killed or maimed, MET AT BALTIMORE Baptists Gather From All Over the Na~ tion. CHRISTIAN WORK AHEAD Never Has There Been Such a Rally at the Young Peo- ple’s Union. THE FLOWER OF THE CHURCH. Interesting Papers and Subjects Dis= cussed by the Energetic Delegates. BALTIMORE, Mbp., July 18.—Songs of praise from thousands of lips, words of eloquence from men high in state and church, the enthusiasm of myriads of Chris- tian workers, wove round to-day associa- tions that will remain written on Baptist history until earth itself fades out. Gathered from every quarter of the Nation were thousands of people with but one idea—that of making the fifth inter- national convention of the Baptist Young People’s Union of America the greatest assembling of mighty hosts that the pro- gressive organization has ever seen. They labored with this purpose in view and they succeeded. They surprised even them- selves. Baltimore awoke this morning to see within her gates the most notable gather- ing of enthusiastic church workers she has ever known. All day before and through the long hours of the night, the incoming hosts were arriving, until the dawn of day found more than 10,000 delegates gathered in the Monumental City. But that is not all, for from the distant points they are still arriving. These delegates are the flower of the Baptist church in the United States. They haveall the enthusiasm and sacri- fice of youth, with the restraining and di- recting power inseparable from a multi- tude of mature counsel. Their work is not confined alone to denominational bounds, but is affecting and inspiring to all the sects who stand upon the broad platform of the Christian religion. From the con- vention will go out cheer and encourage- ment to the great Baptist denomination and well-considered lines of work upon which the energies and prestige of the church can be exerted to wide advantage. In the absence of Governor Brown, Mayor Latrobe welcomed the visitors and tendered them everything within the con- fines of the State, Rev. W. M. Wharton of Brantley Baptist Church made an elo- quent address of welcome on behalf of the Baptist Young People’s societies. The speaker’s statement that the Baptists be- lieved in an everlasting separation of church and state was applauded. The session began with a praise service led by Rev. Dr. W. 8. Roberts of Burling- ton, Vt. Frank Harvie Smith of Brooklyn presided. Rev. Frederick L. Anderson of Rochester, N. Y., made an address on “Money and the Kingdom.” This was followed by an open parliament on systematic and proportionate giving, which was conducted by Rev. E. E. Chivers of New York City. The discussion was general and very interesting. “The Bible Method of Winning Souls” was the subject of an address by Rev. John- son Myers, D.D., of Chicago. An open parliament with the subject, “What Has Your Society Done to Promote a Revival in the Church?”’ was conducted by Rev. 8. A. Northrop, .D., of Fort Wayne, Ind., and the convention took a recess until 7:30 o’clock. At the evening session the praise ser« vice was led by Rev. Archibald Wheaton of Mystic, Conn. The Christian banners for junior work were presented to the winners in the three classes—sacred litera- ture courses, Bible-reader’s course and con- quest missionary course. The Austin Association of Illinois won the literature prize, and Hon. John F. Forbes of Deland, Fla., made the presenta- tion. The Jackson Association of Michi- gan secured the Bible-reader’s banners, and Rev. E. B. Pollard of Roanoke, Va., presented it. The missionary prize went to the Canton Society of Canton, Ohio, through Professor Charles L. Williams of Granville, Obio. President W. R. Harper of Chicago pre- sided during the field review of Baptist schools. Professor J. M. Stigler, D.D., of Crozer Theological Seminary, made an address on Hopewell Academy and its successors, or the relation of Baptists to higher learning. Rev. Russell H. Cone well of Philadelphia wound up the even- ing’s programme with an address om “Wanted, Trained Leaders.” CAUGHT IN"A BIG. CAVE Two Men Instantly Killed While Working in a Street Sewer. Eleven Laborers Were Saved From Death by a Shelf Formed by Timbers. NEWARK, N. J.,, July 18.—Two men were killed, one fatally injured and two others frightfully maimed by the cave-in of 600 tons of earth in a sewer excavation at Harrison at 3:15 o’clock this afternoon. The dead are: Dennis Ryan, Newark; George Villaud, East River street, Newark. The injured: James McDonald, Newark (will die); James Larraby, scalp cut, left arm broken, taken to the hospital; Thomas Brennan, 50 years old, cut about the body, taken to the hospital. The men were working twelve feet below the surface in a sewer on Jersey street, near Fourth. The sides of the excavation had been improperly braced this morning, and last night’s rain had undermined the sides. Without warning 600 tons of earth gave way, carrying down bracing timbers and rock upon the laborers. Eleven of the men were saved from death by a shelf formed by the timbers, glynn hlml Vgllhgd were b‘a::d 5;‘:%: of sight, rraby and Brennan heads above 610 surface,