The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, May 28, 1895, Page 3

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, MAY 28, 185 DEBS GOES T0 PRISON. The Supreme Court De- nies the Writ of Habeas Corpus. A SWEEPING DECISION. Power of the Government to Protect Interstate Com- merce Defined. ALL THE JUSTICES CONCUR. The Strike Leader and His Seven Lieutenants Must Now Serve Their Terms. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 27.—The | United States Supreme Court to-day denied | the application of Eugene V. Debs, the | strike leader, for a writ of habeas corpus. | This is a victory for the Government. No | more important question, with the single to establish postoffices and postroads, Congress hasby a mass of legislation established the great postoffice system of the country with ail its detail of orgamzation, its machinery for the transaction of business, defining what shall becarried and what not, and the price of car- risge, and also prescribing penalties for all offenses against it. Obviously these powers given to the National Government over inter- state commerce, and in respect to the transpor- tation of the mailis, are not dormant and un- used. Congress bad taken hold of these two matters, and by various and specific acts had assumed and exercised the powers given it, and was in full discharge of its duty to regu- late interstate commerce and carry the mails. 1f the inhabitants of & single State or a great body of them should combine to obstruct inter- state commerce or the transportation of the mails, prosecutions ot such offenses had in such & community would be doomed in adyance to failure. And if the certainty of such failure was known, and the Natlonal Government had no otner way to enforce the freedom of in- terstate commerce and the transportation of mails than by prosecution and punishment for interference therewith, the whole interests of the Nation in these respects would be at the | absolute mercy of a portion of the inhabitants | of a single State. | But there is no such impotency in the | National Government. The entire strength of | the Nation may be used to enforce in any part | of the land the full and iree exercise of all | national powers and the security of all rights entrusted by the constitution to its care. The strong administration of the National Govern- | ment may be put forth to brush away all ob- structions to the freedom of interstate com- merce or the transportation of mails, If an emergency arises the army of the Nation and all its militia are at theservice of the Nation to compel obedience to the laws. In the case before us the right to use force does not exclude the right of appeal to the courts for a judicial determination and for the exception of the income tax, has come be- fore the Supreme Court during the past | year than the attempt of Debs and other | officers of the American Railway Union to | secure a reversal of their sentences to jail | by Judge Woods for interfering with inter- state commerce and running of mails in the great railway strike of last summer. | The decision of the court was read by | Justice Brewer and was unanimous, there | being no dissenting opinion. All conten- | tions of the Government were sustained. | The conclusions of the court were that | the Government of the United States | had jurisdiction over every foot of soil | and over every individual within the | boundaries of the United States, and that while it was one of limited powers it had sovereignty within those limitations. It has power to invoke civil courts, remove obstructions to interstate commerce and | civil courts, and had a right to enjoin those who made obstructions to such commerce. The injunction was to be a bar to criminal processes for acts done in violation of the injunction. The Circuit Court having final jurisdie- tion, its act is not reviewable by the Su- preme Court on the petition for writ of habeas corpus, therefore the writ was de- nied. | The case has importance beyond the | exercise of all their powers of prevention. Indeed, it is more to the praise than to the blame of the Government that instead of deter- mining for itself questions of right and wrong on the part of these petitioners and their asso- ciates and enforcing that determination by the club of the policeman and the bayonet of the soldier, it submitted all those questions to the determination of judicial tribunals and in- voked their consideration and judgment as to the measure of its rightsand powers and the correlative obligations of those against whom it made complaint. And it is equally to the credit of the latter that the judgment of those tribunals was by the great body of them re- spected and the troubles which threatened so much disaster terminated. Neither can it be doubted that the Government has such an in- terest in the subject-matter as enables it to appear as party plaintiff in the suit. It issaid that equity only interferes for the protection of property and that the Govern- ment has no property interests. A sufficient Teply is that the United States has a property in the mails, the protection of which was one of the purposes of this trial. Up to a recent date commerce, both inter- state and international, was mainly by water, and it is not strange that both the legislation of Congress and the cases in the courts have been concerned principally therewith. The | fact that in recent years the interstate com- merce has come mainly to be carried on by railroads and over artificial highways has in no manner narrowed the scope of the consti- | tutional provision nor abriged the power of tions, it is equally within its competency to ap- peal to the civil courts for an inguiry and de- termination as to the existence and character of any alleged obstructions, and if such are found to exist or threaten to occur, to invoke the powers of those courts to remove or 1o re- strain such obstacles: that the jurisdiction of courts to interfere in such matters by in- junction is one recognized from ancient times and by undoubtable authority; that such jurisdiction is not ousted by the fact that the obstructions are accompanied by or consist of acts in themselues violations ot criminal laws; that the proceeding by injunction isof & civil character and may be enforced by pro- ceedings in contemplation; shat the penalty for such & violation of such injunction isno substitute for and no defense to a prosecution for any criminal offense committed in the course of such violation; that the com- plaint filed in this case showed clearly an existing obstruction of artificial highways for the passage of interstate commerce and the transmission of mails—an obstruction not only temporarily existing, but threatening to continue; that under such complaint the Circuit Court had power to issue its process of injunction; thatit, having been issued and served on defendants, the Cir- cuit Court had authority to inquire whether its orders had been obeyed, and when it found that they had not been, then to proceed under Section 725, Revised Statues, which grants power ““to punish, by fine or im- prisonment, * * * disobedience * * * by any other party or person, to any lawful writ, process, orders, rule, decree or command,” and to enter the order of punishment complained of; and, finally that the Circuit Court, having full jurisdiction in the premises, its findings of the fact of disobedience is not open to review on habeas corpus in this or any other court. We enter 1nto no examination of the act of July 2, 1890 (206, Statute 209) upon which the Circuit Court relied mainly to sustain its jurisdiction. It mustnot be understood from this that we dissent from the conclusions of that court in reference to the scope of the act, but simply that we prefer to base our judg- ment on the broader ground which has been discussed in this opinion, believing it of im- portance that the principles underlying it should be fully stated and aflirmed. The petition for & writ of habeas corpus is denied. TO DROP CRIMINAL CHARGES. It Is Thought No Further Action Will Be Brought Aguinst Debs. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 27.—It is not improbable, in view of to-day’s deci- sion of the Supreme Court, that Eugene V. Debs and the other officers of the American Railway Union now under indictment for violation of the anti-trust and the mail obstrnction acts will not be called upon to stand trial. Under to-day’s decision Debs will serve his sentence of six months in jail, and it is thought the Gov- ernment will consider this a severe punish- ment without prosecuting the criminal cases against him or h; ciates. DEBS 1S BITTER. Declares the Decision to Be in the Interest of Corporations. TERRE HAUTE, Ixp.,, May 27.—Presi- dent E. V. Debs of the American Railway Union, whose case was acted upon to-day BARRED TO' CHINESE, They Cannot Appeal to the Courts for Ad- mission. LEM MOON SING'S CASE. The Supreme Bench Rules That He Cannot Re-enter This Country. DECISION AT PORT FINAL. An Allen’s Only Recourse Is an Appeal to the Secretary of the Treasury. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 27.—The Su- preme Court of the United States made a most important ruling upon the mat- ter of the Chinese exclusion laws to-day by atfirming the refusal of the United Di trict Court for the Northern District of Cali- fornia to grant an application for a writ of habeas corpus made by Lem Moon Sing, | who was barred from entry by the Col- lector of the Port of San Francisco. Lem Moon Sing was engaged in business, 2 member of the wholesale drug firm of Kee San Tong & Co. of S8an Francisco, and in January, 1894, went to China, intending 1o return {o his business. During his ab- sence the appropriation act of August 18, 1894, was passed, containing an item of $50,000 for officers to enforce the Chingse exclusion act and expenses of deporting Chinamen. He returned in November of the same year, and the Collector at San Francisco refused to admit him, although he furnished the testimony of two credible | witnesses, showing that he had been en- gaged in business as a merchant for two years before leaving the country. Application was made in the District Court for the Northern District of Cali- fornia for a writ of habeas corpus based on these facts and the further point that he was not held by any judicial process. The writ was denied and an appeal taken to the Supreme Court. Justice Harlan, in the opinion delivered by him for the court, rested the case upon | the statute, providing that the decisions of | emigration or customs officers refusing ad- | mission to aliens shall be final unless re- question of imprisonment of American re ros oy s Congress over such commerce. On the con- Railway Union officials, as there is largely it by the Supreme Court, was seen at his | versed on appeal to the Secretary of the involved the principle of the Judges ing jurisdiction of large interests by vir- tues of receiverships created by them to prevent.labor troubles through the instrn- mentality of injunctions. Nearly one-third of the railway property of the United States | trary, the sazae fullness of control exists as in | the other, and the same power to remove ob- | structions from the one as from the other. Constitutional provisions do not change, but | their operation extends to the new matter, as the modes of business and the habits of the life | of the people vary with each succeeding gen- eration. home to-night and said: “I expected a favorable decision, butI | am not disappointed. After the decision | by that tribunal upon the income-tax bill, Iam not at all surprised to see the deci- | sion of the lower court affirmed in our case. Both decisions are absolutely in the | | Treasury. Justice Harlan quoted several former opinions of the court to the effect that “‘every sovereign has the power, in- | herent in sovereignty and essential to self- preservation, to forbid the entrance of foreigners.” The contention was made by the China- being in the hands of receivers appointed | 5 | That the bill filed fn this case disclosed by the Federal courts, the precedent t0 be | y00ia) facts calling for the exercise of the established Las wide application. 3 powers of the court is not open to question. Technically, the application for a writ of | The picture drawn in it of the vast interests in- habeas corpus and certiorari arises from | volved, not merely of the city of Chicago and interest of the corporations. syndicates and | man’s attorney that while immigration trusts which dominate every department | officers had jurisdiction to exclude an alien of the Government, including the Supreme | Who was not entitled to entry under some Court.” | statute or treaty, the exclusion of an alien the case in equity of the Union Trust Com- | pany against the Atchison, Topeka and | Santa Ke road, since the receivership un- der which the Circuit Court exercised juris- | diction over the Santa Fe and its allied | roads was created in the case. | On the 2d of July, 1894, when the great railway strike was threatened, the receivers | applied to Judge Woods of the Circuit | Court for the Northern District of Illinois | for _an injunction against the American | Railway Union to prevent it from inciting | the employes to strike. Judge Woods | signed the paper presented, which was a | sweeping one, enjoining the officers of the | union from interfering with the mails or| with interstate commerce, or from destroy- ing property or compelling or inducing the employes of the road to strike, by violence or intimidation, or from aiding or abetting | them to do any of these things. i of the State of Illinois, but of all the States, and the general confusion into which the in- terstate commerce of the country was thrown through foreible interference with that commerce; the attempted exercise by individuals of powers belonging only to the Government, and the threatened continuance of such invasions of public rights, presents & condition of things which called for the fullest exercise of all the powers of the court. If ever there was a special exigency presented, one which demanded that the court should do all that courts can do, it isapparent on the face of this bill, and we need not turn to the public history of the day, which only reaffirms with emphasis all its allegatiens. The difference between a public nuisance and & private nuisance is that one affects the people at large and the other simply the individual. The quality of the wrong is the same and the jurisdictton of the courts over them rests upon the same principles and go t0 the same extent. The argument in oppos tion does not questien the jurisdiction of the The American Railway Union declared a | court but only the expediency of the action of strike on the Illinois Central Railroad, one | the Government in applying for the process. of those included in the injunction, and | Itsurely cannot be seriously contended that the events of that strike are matters of | the court has jurisdiction to enjoin the ob- el DT I EEE D e et e e EnimNETs DIDNEnUSbs Wik ioods by : hundred persons. Itmay be true, as sug- for contempt of court last December. E.|gosteq, that in the excitement of passion, & V. Debs, president, was sentenced to Six | pnop will pay little heed to processes issued months in jail, and seven others, G. H. | from the courts, and it may be said Howard, Sylvester Keliher, L. W. Rogers, | by counsel in argument that it would have James Hogan, William E. Burns, Roy M. | savored somewhat of the ridiculous to have Goodwin and Martin J. Elliott, were sen- | read a writ of injunction to Lee’s army during tenced to three months. It appears that the injunction had been personally served | on but the first four officers, but Judge Woods held that its publication in the ! newspapers was sufficient service in itself | for all of the defendants. | An application was made to the Supreme | Court for the release of the eight officers | of the union by a writ of habeas corpus, | and pending the decision of the Supreme | Court they have been given their freedom under bail. ciates base their application on the grounds that their sentence without indictment | and trial by jury was In pain of the con- | stitution, particularly its fifth and sixth | amendments; that the information on | which they were convicted did not show | any violation of the injunction; also that | the injunction was void, because the bill | asking for it stated no case of which the | court could take cognizance, and was in | effect a bill by the Government of the | United States to maintain the pnblic peace and enjoin the violations of the Penal | Cel‘dl?c arguments before the Supreme Court by C. 8. Darrow and Judge Trumbull for the American Railway Union and Attor- ney-General Olney and Assistant Attor- ney-General Whitney attracted great at- ntion. 0e'l‘hg opinion of the court was in sub- stance as follows: The case presented is this: The Jnited States, finding that the interstate trafSportation of persons and property es well as the carriage of the mails, is forcibly obstrncted and that & combination and conspiraey exists to subject the control of such transportation to the will of the conspirators, applied toone of the courts sitting as & court of equity for an injunction to restrain such obstruction and prevent the car- rying into effect of such conspiracy. Two ques- tions of importance are presented: - First—Are the relations of the General Gov- ernment to interstate commerce and the trans- portation of the mails such as authorize direct interference to prevent a forcible ob- struction thereof? Second—If authority exists, as authority in governmental affairs implies both power and duty, has & court of equity jurisdiction to jssue an injunction in aid of the performance of such duty? First—What are the relations of the General Government to interstate commerce and the transportation of the mails? They are those of direct supervision, control and management. While under the dual system which prevails with us, the powers of government are dis- tributed between the State and the Nation,and while the latter is properly styled a govern- ment of enumerated powers, yet within the limits of such enumeration, it hasall the at- tributes of sovereignty, and in the exercise of those enumerated powers acts directly on the citizén, and not through the intermediate State. uese::i:‘—'g:w the power vested in Congress Counsel for Debs and his asso- | | the late Civil War., It is doubtless true that “Inter Arma Leges Silent, “and in the throes of the rebellion or revolution the processes of the civil courts are of little avail, for the power of the courts rests on the general support of the people and their recognition of the fact that peaceful remedies are the true resort for the correction of wrongs. But does the counsel’s argument imply too much? Is it to be assumed that these de- fendants were conducting a rebellion or in- augurating e revoiution or that they and their associates were thus placing themselves be- yond the reach of the civil process of the courts? Whatever any single individual may have thought or planned the great body of those who were engaged in these transactions contemplated neither rebellion nor revolution, and when in the due order of legal proceedings the question of right and wrong was =ubmitted to the courts and by them decided, they unhesitatingly yieldea to their decisions. The outcome, by the very testimony of the defendants, attests the wisdom of the course pursued by the Government, and that it was not well to oppose force simply by force, but to invoke the jurisdiction and judgment of those tribunals to whom, by the constitution and in accord- ance with the settled conviction of all citi- zens, is committed the determination of ques- tions of right and wrong between individuals, masses and States. A most earnest and eloquent appeal was made to us in eulogy of the heroic spirit of those who threw up their employment and gave up their means of earning a living. not in defense of their own rights, but in sympa- | thy for and to assist others whom they be- lieved to have been wronged. We yield tonone in our admiration of any act of heroism or self- sacrifice, but we mey be permitted to add that it is & lesson which cannot be learned too £00n nor too thoroughly that under this Gov- ernment and by the people the means of redress of all wrongs are through the courts and the ballot box, and that no wrong, real or fancied, carries with it the legal warrant to invite as & means of redress the co-operation of a mob with its accompanying acts of violence. We have given to this case most careful and anxious attention, for we realize that it touches closely questions of supreme impor- tance to the people of this country. Summing up our conclusions, we hold that the Govern- ment of the United States is one haviug juris- diction over every foot of soil within its terri- tory and acting directlyupon each citizen; that while it is & Government of enumerated powers it has within the limits of those powers all the attributes of soverignity; that to it is com- mitted power over interstate commerce and the transmission of the mail; that the powers thus conferred on the National Government are not dormant, but have been assumed and put into practical exercise by legislation of Congress; that in the exercise of those powers it is competent for the Nation to remove all obstructions upon highways, natural or arti- ficial, to the passage of interstate com- merce or. the carrying of the mail; that while it may be competent for the Government (through the executive branch and in the use of the entire executive power of the nation) to forcibly remove all such obstruc- DANGER TO LIBERTY. Attorney Monteith Expresses Some Forcible Views on the Debs Habe: Corpus Decision. No person in San Francisco has probably watched the Debs contempt case more closely than George W. Monteith, who so ably defended the railroad strikers, John Cassidy and John Mayne, in their recent trial before Judge Morrow and a jury on the charge of having obstructed the United States mails and interrupted interstate commerce during the strike of last July. Here is what he has to say on the decision of the United States Supreme Court refus- ing President Eugene Debs of the Ameri- can Railway Union a writ of habeas corpus: *‘Froni the meager reports in the even- ing papers it is not easy to expressan in- telligent opinion. It seems to me that the court has rendered its decision on purely technical grounds, i. e., that the lower court had jurisdiction of the person of the defendant and the subject matter of the | controve: and that there being no ap- peal provided there was no remedy in the | appellate court. “In that view of the case it would not | be so far-reaching as otherwise, for, if I | remember rightly, the question of the con- stitutional power of a court to imprison as punishment for contempt, without trial by jury, was not raised. If, on the con- trary, the whole matter was decided it | confronts us with the most serious condi- tion in the history of the Republic. It must be borne in mind that neither the Federal constitution nor laws place any limitation whatever upon the amount of punishment that may be inflicted by a Federal Judge in a contempt case. The six months allotted to Mr. Debs might be six years or sixty years, and there being no tribunal to review the decision of the Circuit Court, it matters not how many rights may have been denied in any par- ticular case, there is no review for the un- fortunate contemner. “The act of July 2, 1890, that conferred jurisdiction upon the Federal courts to punish contempts of this class is the most outrageous statute that ever disgraced our statute-books. It is a piece of legislative infamy, and if Congress can exercise such power it is high time to take it away. Its effect upon the liberties of the working people cannot be overstated, for it is only the right to be tried by a jury of his peers upon every question of his guilt that gives the poor man a fair show for his liberty when he meets his oppressor in the crimi- nal courts; take that away and the line | that will divide the workingman and the slave is scarce a shadow. “This decision must teach the working people in particuiar and all who earn their own livelihood in general that the battle of human liberty must once more be fought before the blessings of freedom shail be made secure. Indeed, it is but another in- dication of .a coming storm that many ex- pect, but the magnitude of which few real- ize, for I believe that there is too much of the old spirit left in the American people to permit the loss of a single iota of the heritage of American liberty secured us by our fathers.” The local labor leaders are very unwill- ing to be quoted concerning the decision, as most of them are holding jobs which might thereby be endangered. *‘The only thing for us to do,” said one of them last night, “is to say nothing and saw wood, The Railway Union will go on just the same whether Debs is in jail or out of jail, but of course the decision does not set well on our stomachs. *‘The result of the appeal to the Supreme Court is a complete surprise tous, The decision may be good law—no doubt it is since the Supreme Court makes it—but I do not think they are dealing justly with the working peopie.” Pror. HAINES, chemist to the Chicago Board of Health, says he has found the Royal Blk:mf Powder the purest and strongest, and superior to all others in every respect. | diction of the United States. enter by law, if it resulted in restraining the alien of his liberty, presenced a judicial | instruction, but Justice Harlan said this | view, if sustained, would bring into court | every case of the sort and defeat the mani- ’ fest purpose of Congress in committing to subordinate immigration officers and to the Secretary of the Treasury exclusive au- thority to determine whether aliens seek- ing admission belong to the class entitled by law or treaty to enter. In affirming the general right to exclude | aliens Justice Harlan said: | Is a statute passed in execution of that | power any less applicable to an alien who has | acquired a commercial domicile in this coun- | try, but who, having voluntarily left the coun- | try, ciaims the right under some law or treaf to re-enter it? We think not. The words of | the statute are broad and include every case of | an alien, at least every Chinese alien, who at the time of its passage is out of this country and seeks to come back. He is none the less an alien because of his having a commercial domicile in this country. While he lawfully remains here he is entitled to the benefit of the guarantee of life, liberty and property, secured by the constitution to all persons of whatever race within the juris- His personal rights, when he is in this country, and his property here during his absence are as fully protected by the supreme law of the land as if he was a native or naturalized citizen of the But when he is voluntarily absent from the country, beyond its jurisdic- tion, he being an alien, cannot re-enter the United States in violation of the will of the Government, as expressed in enactments of | the law-making power. He leit the country | subject to the exercise by Congressof every | power it possessed under the constitution. The remedy of the appellant was by an ap- peal to the Secretary of the Treasury. If the act of 1894 takes away from the allen appel- lant any right given by previous laws or treaties to re-enter the country the authority | of Congress to do that cannot be questioned, although it is the duty of the courts not to | construe an et of Congress as modifying or | annulling a treaty made with another nation, | unlessits words clearly and pleinly point to | such a construction. | In conclusion, Justice Harlan said the | court did not express any opinion upon | the question whether Lem Moon Sing was entitled to re-enter the United States. ‘emitled (or claiming to be entitled) to | United States. " Parkhouse’s Application Denied. | WASHINGTON, D. C.,, May 27.—The Supreme Court to-day denied the applica- tion for leave to file an application for a writ of habeas corpus forW. R. Parkhouse, in prison on a charge of disseminating lot- tery advertisements in violation of the law passed by the last Congress. The Supreme Court to-day ordered anew trial in the case of Dan Beard, convicted of murder in Arkansas. OF INTEREST TO THE COAST. Pensions Granted Coast Veterans—Cali- fornians at Washington. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 27.—Pen- sions have been granted as follows: California: Original—Frank Conway, Milpitas; Jackson Craig, Veterans' Home, Napa; George A. Allen, National Soldiers’ Home, Los Angeles; David Myers, Los Angeles. Reissue—Rogers H. Blasdell, San Jose; Frederick R. Pierce, Oakland; John B. Barnet, Los Angeles; Nathaniel B. Nile, Bloomfield. Oregon: Original—Theodore Lydia, Pen- dleton. Additional—Simeon H. Calhoun, Grants Pass. Washington: Original—Fitch J. Harp, Port Crescent. The postoffice at Brewster, Shasta County, has been discontinued. The mail will now go to Casletta. The office at La Vina, Madera County, has also been dis- continued; mail to Madera. The leave of absence granted Major William M. Maynadier, paymaster, de- partment of California, is extended two months. William Wright of San Francisco and J.G. Bell of Los Angeles are in Wash- ington. bt et Condition of the Treasury. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 27.—To- day’s statement of the ondition of the treasury shows: Available cash balance, $185,257,348: gold reserve, $98,290,891. e g ten TRAVELED IN THE STEERAGE. Sad Plight of @ Young Man Claiming to Be an Earl’s Son. NEW YORK, N. Y., May 27.—A young man arriving at Ellis Island Saturday from the steerage of the steamer Paris and de- tained because he had no money informed the Special Board of Inquiry yesterday that he was an earl’s son. . He said he was 21 years old and the old- est son of Bernard Staples Percival, Earl of Carmarthen. His father, he said, was made earl in 1891 under Gladstone’s prem- iership. He had been knighted in 1889. He had been a member of Parliament from Cardiff for seven years and has been a candidate for Cardiff and Bristol fifteen successive times. The young man told the board further that his father, after being a widower eighteen years, married one of the pretty servants of the household. She was only 22 years of age. The young man said he had some disagreements with his young stepmother and three weeks ago left home and went to London. His story | is not generally believed. i ASSAULTED THE WORKMEN. 4 Denver Brick Manufacturer Resists a Demand for Higher Wages. DENVER, Covro., May 27.—A delegation from the Brickmakers’ Union, about 150 men in all, visited the yards of Kavenaugh & Clark in the highlands near Denver to- day to demand that wages in those yards be increased from $2 to $2 25 per day. Browne Clark, one of the proprietors, or- dered the delegates to leave and upon their refusal rushed at the leader with a pick- handle, as he claims, in self-defense. Mar- tin H. Young sustained a bad scalp wound and Richard Padgett had his left hand | broken. Clark then drew a revolver and | the visitors all fled. Clark has been placed under $1500 bonds for assault to kill. INROADS ON THE SALMON, Total Extinction of the Alaska Supply Is Now Being Threatened. The Government May Take Meas- ures to Stop the Wholesale Slaughter. WASHINGTON, D. C., May 27.—The rapid inroads which fishing and packing companies have made on the supply of | |salmon in the Alaskan rivers has given | great concern to the Government for | several years past, since it became evident | that the fish were destined to the same | fate of extermination which has overtaken | the buffalo and is being visited on the fur- bearing seals of the northern waters. | All the attempts to secure effective re- straining legislation from Congress have | proven practically without result, but a | new phase of the canning syndicates’ operations is now engaging the attention of the Land Office which may result in measures that will have the effect of re- | stricting the enterprise of some of the companies engaged in the business. | It has recently been brought to the attention of Commissioner Lamoreaux of the Land Office that the salmon companies | are acquiring much land at the mouths of | the rivers where they are engaged and pre-empting strategical points of future ! commerce. Consequently the Commis- sioner has detailed J. P. Swineford, ex- Governor of Alaska, who is now an in- spector of the Interior Department, to make an investigation of the matter and keep the department posted, that it may. | know that all the requirements of the law | are complied with. The cannery com- | panies have asked that surveys be made | by the Government on lands which they | have settled with a view to their acquisi- tion. Mr. Swineford will sail from Seattle for Alaska on the 25th. The present Governor of Alaska, in his last report to the Secretary of the Interior, called attention to the inroads being made on the salmon, and the same subject was treated in a report to the Fifty-third Con- gress by Fish Commissioner McDonald. Dr. Hugh Smith, one of the experts of | the Fish Commission, believes that the ex- | tinction of the Alaska fish is inevitable if | the present methods continue unchecked. | Every fish that swims, he says, can be | caught at the mouths of the rivers, and, as | a matter of fact, few salmon now reach the old spawning-grounds in the rivers of Alaska. More than half of the salmon pack of the United States and nearly half of the world’s supply now comes from Alaska. Itwill be shown in « paper to be prepared for publi- cation by Dr. William M. Wilcox of the Fish Commission that the capital invested i in these fisheries amounts to more than $3,000,000, and the value of the season’s catch, not including the manufactured products therefrom, comes to about $2,000,000. Last year there were twenty- two canneries in operation, which packed 646,000 cases (a case holding forty-eight one-pound pockages), and twenty-four salting establishments put on the market | 21,000 barrels of salt salmon. The largest | pack which has been in the Alaskan | | waters was that of 1891, when 56,000,000 | pounds of salmon were shipped to the markets of the Pacific Coast for distribu- tion. - THERE is certainly no baking powder so well known and generally used as the Royal. Its perfect purity, as well as its superiority in leavening power, are mat- ters of fact no longer disputed by honest dealers or makers of other brands. Its virtues are so well known to every house- keeper that the slanders of the dishonest | makers of the cheaper goods fail to touch it. SR AR VILLARD » T ANSWER. An Accounting of Northern Pacific Funds Will Be Demanded. MILWAUKEE, Wis.,, May 27.—Henry Villard will probably soon be called into court to make an accounting of ever $500,- 000 of Northern Pacific money, which the receivers, Messrs. Payne, Rouse and Oakes believe he has unlawfully withheld. The facts are set forth in a long report filed by the receivers to-night, and in which they claim that in the transactions growing out of the purchase and transfer to the Northern Pacific of the Northern Pacific and Manitoba road Villard with- held $545,000, which the receivers will seek to recover. e BYRNES DOFFS RIS SHIELD The New York Police BSuperintendent Applies for Retirement. NEW YORK, N. Y., May 27.—Police Superintendent Byrnes has made applica- tton to the Board of Police Commissioners for retirement. The board granted the re- quest. Inspector Peter Conlan has been made acting Chief of Police. Captains M. W. Cartright, Brooks and McCallagh were an- pointed acting inspectors. L Dr. Buchanan to Die. ALBANY, N. Y., May 27.—The Court of Appeals has sentenced Dr. Robert Bu- bhanan to die the week beginning July 1. | United States, but a few gold gamblers of ROAST FOR' RELAND, The Archbishop’s Stand Against Bimetallism Rebuked. REGRETTED BY FRIENDS, | A Catholic Editor Says the Prelate Has Made His First Error. | SIDES WITH THE CLASSES. Mildly Denounced as the Advocate of a System Which Wrought Ruin In Ireland. DENVER, Coro., May 27.—Rev. T. H. Malone of this city, editor of the Colorado Catholie, in an interview to-day concern- ing the statements of Archbishop Ireland made in Chicago last Saturday in regard to the money question, said in part: It has been & pleasure in the past to agree with Archbishop Ireland on many questions of ecclesiastical and educational policy, put I feel it a duty to affirm a disagreement with him on the views which he has enunciated on the money question. Admirers of the Bishop can- not but regret that he has seen fit toiden- tify himself on this question with the classes as against the masses; as with the rich against the poor; with the Rothschilds of the world as against the toiling millions, and that he has seen fit to advocate a system of finance which Archbishop Walsh says has wrought ruin and havoe to Ireland—s tem which Archbishop Walsh, himself a bimetallist, and hundreds of thousands in this country feel may bring the same ruin to the United States if continued in force here. Archbishop Ireland’s interview in the Chi- cago Times-Herald shows conelusively that his Grace does not fully appreciate the position of the bimetallists of the country. One not fa- miliar with the bimetallic problem would infer from the Archbishop’s article that wnat he Ppleases to term the silver ‘‘craze” is confined to America solely, while the fact is that the lead- ing thinkers of the world are giving it their most careful thought. Itis hardly likely that such an eminent thinker as Archbishop Walsh of Dublin should be carried away by what Archbishop Ireland callsa “craze.’ Arenbishop Ireland has given outno argu- ments, but merely made statements against bimetallism, while Archbishop Walsh has | founded his opinions in favor of a bimetallic standard on principle and argument. There- fore it seems to me that the Archbishop of Dublin, who has seen the ruinous effect of gold monometallism, is a safer guide than the Archbishop of St. Paul. The first voint stated by his Grace is that bimetallism is impracticable in the United States, because we are a borrowing nation. But did he ever ask himself why we are a bor- rowing nation? He evidently never did, or he surely would see that the fact that we areon a | gold basis compels us to borrow our money | from Lombard street and the Rothschilds. | Who owns the gold of the world? Not the Europe. These gold gamblers practically con- trol the money of the United States, and they have it in their power to destroy, at any time they wish, the value of all the commodities we gave to sell. Bimetallists object to the gold standard be- cause it is a constantly appreciating standard. It does not justly measure debts. It hasa ten- dency to keep the commereial world in a state of instability. Bimetallism would do away with these evils. Not only that, but it would free our financial system from the clutches of the heartless gold gamblers who are now striy- ingto secure control of the money systems of the nations of the civilized world. Bimetallism would make it possible for us to have enough money in circulation to do the business of the country; consequently we would not need to depend upon the money of the European money-sharks. The United States cen use all the silver in the world and then not have enongh. As the United States can create an unlimited demand for silverat the ratio of 16 to 1 of gold, there can be, under the bimetallic standard, no such thing as & 50-cent dollar. This being true, all the evils his Grace fears would follow from bimetallism exist only in his own mind. The people of the United Stetes are at last, thank God, awakening to the dangers which surround them. They are beginning to realize thatthe countryis bigenough and grand enough to have its own systemof finance. Bimetallism brings hope into the breast of the common pee- ple whether in the eastor in the west. It is Dot confined to any section or any country. ‘When it comes, and come it must, it will bring happiness and contentment to replace the pov- erty and discontent brought upon our country by the adoption of gold monometallism. On gquestions of finance I am confident that the Catholics of the country will follow the sound views of Archbishop Walsh in preference to the views of Rothschild and the money sharks of the world, as counseled by Arche bishop Ireland. COLLIDE AT SE The Steamer Sagamore Crashed Into by an Unknown Vessel. BOSTO Mass., May 27.—The Warren steamer Sagamore, Captain Fenton, ar- rived here from Liverpool with her port bow stove in and otherwise damaged by collision with an unknown two-masted British steamer. Captain Fenton says that at10:18 P. M. on last Wednesday, when his vessel was 900 miles east from Boston light, during a dense fog, she came in collision with a strange steamer. Allefforts to learn the name of the steamer proved un- availing. -— LAKE STEA ASHORE. The Steel Alma Meets With an Accident on Superior. CHICAGO, ILL., May 27.—Advices have been received here that the big steel steamer Alva, bound from South Chicago to Lake Superior, is ashore on the north- west point of North Manitou Island. Its compartments are full of water. The vessel is owned by M. A. Bradley of Cleveland, and is valued at $150,000 and insured for $120,000. e DEATH OF GENERAL SWAIN. He Was Associated With Greeley on the New York Tribune. SING SING, N. Y., May —General James B. Swain died at his home in this village to-day aged 75 years. He was asso- ciated with Horace Greeley in the publica- tion of the Log Cabin, and subsequently was employed under Greeley on the staff of the Tribune. FELL FROM A BALLOOW, An Appalling Tragedy Wit~ nessed by Thousands Near St. Louis. Tony Heafle Plunges to the Earth From a Height of Six Hun- dred Feet. ST. LOUIS, Mo., May 27.—A singularly appalling tragedy, that sent thrills of | horror through hearts of thousands, oc- curred yesterday at a pleasure-resort op- posite the southern part of the city. In full view of the multitude gathered to spend Sunday away from tbe heat and dust and din of the city, a young man, Tony Heafle by name, dropped from an ascending balloon several hundred feet to the earth. His body was crushed to a mere shapeless mass, and bore small re- semblance to a human form. Heafle and a number of other young men and boys were engaged to hold the balloon while it was being filled with gas. When the signal was given they all re- leased their hold but Heafle. He clung to the bar, or was caught in the rigging, and was carried up a distance of 600 feet when he dropped. Professor G. Barson, the aeronaut, said that when about 500 pr 600 feet from the ground he saw Heafle still holding on to the balloon. The aeronaut was frightened and called up to Heafle to hold on, but he let go and was killed. Heafle was 25 years old, a teamster by occupation, residing in this city. People who knew Heafle say he was not in his right mind. e Carlisle Will Not Speak. LOUISVILLE, Ky., May 27.—On ac- count of Secretary Gresham’s death Mr, Carlisle has canceled his appointment to speak in this city next Wednesday. The Secretary will leave for Washington at 8 o'clock to-morrow, but will return here next week. . Snow in Wisconsin. MILWAUKEE, Wis.,, May 27.—About two inches of snow fell throughout North- ern Wisconsin last night. The snow was g;eceded by rain, which put_out the forest es. NEW TO-DAY. HAVANA BROWN e 1 ) s ST RAPHAEL’S INCORPORATED), .-\' HATTERS FOR Is one of the new shades, for Derbys, in an entirely new block ===quite a swell affair. If it had the name of some prominent New York firm in it the price would be $5.00. As it is, we’re con= tented to sell ’em, and are selling cases of ’em, at In Havana Brown, Cedar and Blacks. THE MASSES, 9, 11,13 and 15 Kearny Street. GREATER FRISCO’S 2 BUILDINGS—8 FLOORS. 130 GREATEST STORE. EMPLOYES TO SERVE YOU,