The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 15, 1895, Page 9

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, MONDAY, APRIL 15, 1895. 9 v been achieved road land lakes to gulf. ast only begin d be ien in our mountains await- hand of labor. zinning her forward DUCTS OF OUE ORCHARDS. rt to the State Board of Trade, | vleted, General N.P. Chipman, f the Committee on the Indus- of California, shows that our orchards are finding once go, it seems, a tainty. The canned the most remote countries, | * TR | | temperature | were both awarded to Sonoma t‘oun‘tf\' a tumble. an Joaq vill be the to lead our shippers into the frui- tion of golden hopes. CALIFORNIA WINE. *“Large capital can profitably be invested antile part of the wine industry of to-day,” said Clarence J. Wetmore. ‘““There is now $60,000,000 in- vested in this State in the productive part of the industry, and only between $7,000,000 and $8,000,000 in the selling part. Instead of one firm selling 3,000,000 gallons of wine there ought to be ten firms selling that same product. About three cents per gal- lon profit is made by wine-sellers, and the profits have been mainly with the big alers.’ Mr. Wetmore stated that there are now in this State 80,000 acres planted to wine grapes and 75,000 to raisin grapes. Each vineyard pays for labor about $15 per acre, and that affo: an idea of the amount aid out by the vine interests to employes. "here are about 5000 vineyard proprietors and at least 20,000 men making a living off the industry in California. With more capital put into the selling of the wine product, and by thus increasing the con- sumption through the aid of better mer- tile facilities, the acreage of our vine- should double. Thirty million gallons of wine is pro- i annually in the United States, and of these California produces 17,000,000 gal- lons. As there are 66,000,000 people in this | State Board of Trade that” he could find a 1r ( ia are sent to Bombay and t « | count it is seen I\hut t“e rate of con- e 5 ., | sumption is not half agallon per capita. I at trouble has been that fruit | France produces thirty gallons per capita. g canners have been slow to | In California the consumption of wine is Te ities held out to them | gallons to every person. The annual i s, and have not thus far | beer consumption of the United States is 1 efforts to clinch the | tWenty gallons per capita. If the wine £ | consumption couid be increased to one gal- : 5 ; lon per capita we could afford to double General Chipman, o “our brandies find their | *The wine business has taken a_forward 1ts to the most of the | stride this year. This is due partly to last the world, but in no | Year’s short crop and to the formation of PR M wine-growers’ syndicate to get their wines © inhabitants, and In00 | i, 4 few hands and secure for it_uniform uld seem to be a de-| rates. Where wine was from 7 to 8 cents i ntroduced. We have | per gallon last year, it is from 12 to 16 cents fo own country that our | per gallon this year.” ma 1 proportion to the effort | With reference to the use of French t products before consumers. | Wines in the country Mr. Wetmore brought i rkets are our markets when | given some of our zeal in problem of selling.” hority makes a comparison 1 in reports of fruit ship- ng off in canned goods is an increase in all others. antity shipped is large enough to | healthy demand. The sales of s have perceptibly increased. | now exports by sea from San o to foreign ports nearly 10 per the entire product of dried fruit, raisins, This is regarded as | . significant. In 1891 the amount was | 747,914 pounds. In 189 it was !fl””i pounds. In 1891 there were consignments | from this. port to only sixteen points on the globe; in 1894 to forty-two points. | Shipments to England have more than led, and the increase of shipments to stralia was over 100,000 pounds. i A notable fact is the export of vegetables | California sent away last year | er 8,000,000 pounds, most of which con- 1 of beans, onions and potatoes. | A comparative table for the years 1890 to | 1894, both inclusive, a period of five years, shows the steady advance of the industry. The year 1894 compared with the year 1890 | shows the following increase in shipments: | Increase per cent. 163.7 | | | g | Carloads. 57.4 ncrease all Total 55 : The canned fruit sent out by rail last r was nearly double that sent out in Part of the shipment of 1894 may have been stock that was carried over, but the output was very large. The value of our canneries to the or- chardist is very considerable, and they bould receive all possible encouragement. chief profits of the business lie in ing first-grade goods. The green fruit shipments have increased 163.7 per cent since 1890. In 1894 Califor- nia shipped 984 cars more than in 1893, a]- though less money was made in the busi. Low prices, dull markets and in- ed cost of transportation because of ased refrigeration charges left no Sorofit in many cases and only a small margin in others. The exigencies of this branch of industry have brought the best intelligence among horticulturists face to face with the transportation companies to dev some relief. Devices by which refrigeration is to be supplanted by cheaper rocesses of preserving fruit in transit and fister time for ventilated cars are promised < nes some data to show that in 1840 the impor- tation of French wines to the United States was 4,000,000 gallons, while in 1894 the amount imported was very close to the same figures. There are ten times the number of restaurants to-day and they use wine on a larger scale general that the native product is well in the swim. *“The work of our commission has been }:nrti(‘ularl_\' to have Cahfornia wines nown and recognized by California labels. “It is not generally known that right here in San Francisco you can obtain at supply-houses any kind of Jabel you want for your bottled wine, together with branded stoppers—French, German, Ital- ian or Spanish. Those who order French wines in restaurants are in nine cases out ;J{bi ,lu simply paying an extra price for the abel. “In 1882 the importation of French wines to San Francisco was over 300,000 gallons. In 1894 it was only 24,000 gallons. The French people themselves in this country remain true to their pride in the use of French wines. “The consumption of our California wines is now increasing at the annual rate | of 1,000,000 gallons. For the past five years the average production has been 17,000,000 gallons. “It is truth, fully maintained, that the ordinary wines of California are superior to the ordinary wines of France, and the; are moreover cheaper than the Frencl product. On an average our wines com pare favorably with those of any country in the world, “California is not afraid of the opinions of the winemen of Europe. As proof of this 143 cases of wine, representing twenty- nine different growers, have just been shipped to Bordeaux, France, to be ex- perted there in competition with the world at the wine exposition which begins there in May.” A letter was received a few days since by Mr. Wetmore from a wine merchant of Copenhagen, soliciting the agency for Cali- fornia wines for Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The wines of this State are known all over the world and are attracting atten- tion. There is a fine future in store for the vineyardists. “For the next ten years,” concluded Mr. ‘Wetmore, “the winemen will make money and the industry will be one of the most profitable. We have come to a period where there is really no surplus wine on hand, and when the consumption is equal to if not greater than the production.” OIL OF OLIVES. In the future of this State the olive oil industry bids fair to be an important means of profit to a very large number of people. Many new olive orchards are being planted. Ten years ago there was hardly any olive oil made in the State. To<day it is being made in every fruit-growing coun- by the railroad companies as a solution for the trouble. The cost of transportetion of our prod- ty. Nearly all the oil at present is pressed by comparatively primitive methodsand at tity is exported, as the home consumption hhs thus far been equal to the supply. In fact olive oil is not yet made here in com- mercial quantities L. P. Rixford, who has had considerable experience in olive-growing in Sonoma | County, states that at the lowest estimate | 50 to $100 an acre can be made off an olive orchard. A large quantity of so- called olive oil is importe d into this coun- try. Itis pertinent here to mention the fact that in Italy there is an ormous mar- one of these and the !argest on the coast is the first-named factory. Tts manufactur- ing capacity is 500 barrels of flour per day, but 350 barrels are being worked at the present time, the capacity being larger than the requirements. Its crackers are exported to Mexico, Central America, China, Japan and various islands of the South Pacific. It ships goods east as far as Salt Lake City and all over the Pacific Coast. It employs directly 100 girls and 150 men and boys in the manufacture of ket for American cotton-sced oil. _This is : e isgtnrelo ; o o 5 & 4 crackers. The company’s capital stock is e and, shipped back to | g1 000,000, “Every variety_of .crackers and gl e Bent e eSOl known to the American or European adulteration is practiced in California, and i the olive oil made here can be depended on as the pure article. . t in this country at does not go as low as 10| degrees above zero. It is remarkable that | at the Paris Exposition only two medals were awarded to United States producers | of olive oil, and those two bronze medals | | orchardists—L. P. Rixford and G. Hooper. 5 It was the opinion of several orchardists spoken to on this subject that the final outcome of the olive oil_industry will be that the olive-growers will sell their pick to big manufacturers, who will engage ex- clusively in this olive oil industry. Onl recently the agent of a London supply- house informed Secretary Filcher of the market in England for the olive oil of | California. wealthy families would | | gracefully pay higher prices for the pure article, while it is notorious that the European olive oil is nearly all adulter- ated. | The wool industry of the United States | | suffered a great setback when the present tariff bill was passed. And wool-growers are almost a unit in the sentiment that under a system of free trade the sheep in- dustry of this country cannot be a profit- | able investment. Feedingon the ranges of California to-day are 700,000 sheep. I?\-A[ite the depressed condition of the wool market, there will be no material cutting down in the number of sheep, although sheep- owners are reducing expenses wherever | possible. The wool clip of 1894 was 33,000 pounds, and on account of the favorable season the clip for 1895 promises to be considerably larger. Ordinarily such a year as this would be called a perfect season for sheep- raising. Under a protective tariff this would be a very profitable year. In regard to the pri of wool, they are | just about half what they were in 1892 and | 1893, and even the present very low prices | are barely zood enough to enable domestic wool to hold its own against importations | of foreign wool. There seems to be no | relief in prospect so long as the wool | market of the United States is thrown open to all the world. The guestion that now occurs to the in- | quirer in this field is, “‘Can we of the Pa- | cific coast afford to build up Eastern man- ufactures at our expense?”’ That is what | we are doing to-day. A careful estimate | shows that fully four-fifths of the wool of | California is sent to Eastern States, and there manufactured into clothing and | other woolen fabrics and shipped back | | again to this coast as a market. | | “There is a profit in woolen manufactures, | | and home enterprise must find an answer | to the question just propounded, in the | operation and support of factories on this coast that will convert our wool output | into fabrics for trade and commerce. 5 Every well-managed woolen-mill in Cali- fornia is doing well to-day. The mills at | Stockton, Napa and Marysville will serve | as examples. There is no reason why | money-making institutions. Proper effort and good management are necessary to success, however, in this field asin others There are plenty of wools here adapted to the uses of local woolen-mills. For the manufacture of blankets, flannels and tweeds first-grade wools are not used; but | it is & conceded fact that no wools are | rown anywhere better than in this State | or the purposes. The seven months’ Cal fornia short wool is the best wool grown in | any country for the manufacture of flan- | nels. It isas cheap here as it is anywhere. | The Napa and Stockton mills are turning out flannels as fine as any in the market. The sheep industry of California is in | the hands o}f) a comparatively few men. If the greater part or all of the wool pro- | duced in this Staté could be converted into | manufactured goods here employment | would be opened to thousands and the vast | benefits of such home industry would be felt throughout every business interest of | the State. For years, it seems, a prejudice has ex- isted among California people against home manufactured wools, but this feeling that | our Western manufactured_article was in- | ferior to the Eastern goods is rapidly being dissipated. California manufactures woolen goods equal in quality and as_low in price as the woolen manufactures of the Eastern Take, as an instance, the Stockton mill, which turns out more goods, perha&s, than any other mill on the coast. L. W. Neu- | stadter, who is interested in that mill, | stated to a CALL reporter that at the Stock- | ton establishment none but Pacific Coast | wool was used. It is manufactured into flannels, cassimeres and blankets. “The mill’s output of flannels and cassi- meres is largely made up into garments for | the trade right here in San Francisco,” | said Mr. Neustadter. “It will be interest- | ing, however, for you to know that a large portion of the Stockton product of flannels and blankets goes east of the mountains. | In fact, they are actually sold to Eastern manufacturers, who, in turn, jobthem and retail them. ] think that if people would make up their minds to give the home manufac- tured article the preference, when quality and price are equal, there would be double as many California made articles sold to- day. The demand for articles of home in- dustry is growing. Its continued increase will mean a grand revival in this State; for, after all, manufacturing is the thing that will make this country truly prosper- ous. At the Stockton mills and depend- ent institutions employment is given di- rectly to 800 people.” g The San Jose and Petaluma mills have earned good reputations for their manu- factures. For nearly a score of years the “San Jose blankets’’ have had a healthy demand in the market. What is needed is more enterprise and energy in the busi- ness. As was observed at the beginning of this article there are big profits to be made in woolen manufactures in this State. The spirit of home support of home industries is taking strong hold of the people of Cali- fornia. FOOD LUXURIES. woolen-mills in California should not be |}, eld continuously the office of secre- market is made. The machinery is all the most modern and approved and " is run by a 150-horsepower steam engine. Olive trees pay & prott Last year that one establishment pai Senicl ars S b s K 5 S paid the early age of foilfd)*‘ TS, W hilf ”‘fL‘,'ff’F:f | out here in wages $170,000. The other two | the time is extended a couple of years.| g iories also ship to foreign ports and | The olive tree will thrive wherever the | ha large forces of men nm;)gir]s ot ve ved. plo The cracker trade is growing bri now, owing to the improvement in the times. Crackers and cakes may be termed luxuries, and when times are dull people do without them, so_the brighten- ing up and extension of this market is but another indication of the return of a good, healthy financial feeling. REVOLUTION IN DAIRYING. A gradual revolution is in progress ir: the dairying industry of the coast, and the old methods are giving place to new. The creamery process is being introduced right along in the coast counties from Del Norte to Sant ara, and that process will en- | able California dairymen to compete with Eastern fine products in any market. An interesting and instructive interview was had by a CaLL reporter yesterday with H. Hills of Hills Brothers, dealers in dairy produce. “The California dairyman has become alive to the fact that he has to goat his busi ness on strictly business principles,” s: Mr. Hills. “He must produce his butter on a scientific plan and manage his indus- try with minute attention to_every deta He must know whether a cow is giving 2 per cent or 4 per cent of milk. Practically it does not cost any more to keep a 4-per-cent cow than it does to keep a 2-per-cent one. Poor cows must be weeded out, and the dairyman must produce irom 20 to 30 per cent more butter at the same cost of pres- ent production. *“The creamery business is the only solu- tion of profitable dairies. They are being established wherever it is possible to place one. In each district, however, milk should be confined to as few creameries as »ossible, because the larger the creamery the cheaper the cost of manufacture and the greater the value of a uniform quality of butter. ‘“At present there are practically no shipments of California dairy products to the East. California butter that has been shipped has been below the Eastern fancy grades. “Now, when California has creameries enough to turn out carlaads of high grade gonds;sadlemeatly packedrands el rate within a few days, our butter will take a higher place in the estimation of Eastern manufacturers and consumers, and find markets where to-day it is unknown. There is not enough strictly high grade goods produced here to permit it to be offered in the marke's in sufficient lots for the Eastern trade.” nce. He represents the big colony of dairymen which is being or- ganized at Elgin and vicinity, and which will establish 2 mammoth creamery near Bakersfield in this State. Mr. Hutchins is the very personification of business tact and energy. He isa man of some means, and his ‘prominence in the business circles from which he comes may be appreciated in the knowledge of the fact that for the last seventeen years he | tary of the Elgin (ill.) Board of Trade. | This position he has now resigned, with the object in view of removing to this State, 4s a promoter and member of the Bakersfield colony of dairymen. Mr. Hutchins spent three weeks in Kern County prior to his arrival. He is the agent of the Elgin dairymen who have concluded that in California is to be found | the most profitable field for their efforts in | the creamery business. Mr. Hutchins stated that his trip to Bakersfield had been solely for the pur- pose of investigation, and to report on the conditions he found in that country rela- tive to the industry proposed to be estab- lished there. “The conditions have been found so favorable,”” he declared, “‘and Iam so well satisfied with the country and its prospects that I bave already resigned my office in the Elgin Board of Trade, and, on my re- turn there, the colony will straightway be- gin preparations to proceed west. The members of the colony are all men of more or less means, and they are all practi- cal dairymen. I will return here in April, and the colonists will come out as soon as their affairs there can be settled.” OUR WHALEBONE TRADE. Few people of the coast are aware, per- haps, of the fact that nine-tenths of all the whalebone used in the world is brought into the port of San Francisco, and yet such is the case, and it has been so for the last fifteen years. Most of the whaling vessels are now owned and controlled in this city. A few whalers still hail from ew Bedford, Mass., which was at one time the great whaling port, but New Bed- ford’s glory is a thing of the past, and San Francisco now wears the laurels. One of the vast enterprises of this city and coast is represented by the Pacific' Steam Whaling Company. It hasa capi- tal of $2,000,000, and owns and controls twelve steamers and four sailing vessels, that are used in the fishing and canning business. Most of the fleet was built here rancisco, and the vessels are fitted out from here every year. Altogether there are fully 1000 men in the employ of the Pacific Steam Whaling Company. In former years the product of whalebone landed K the shigs here was transported to New York and thence to Europe, where it was manufactured for the dress, corset and whip trade. During the past vear this company has established a factory here at 30 California street, and is now engaged in There are three extensive cracker and cake manufactories in San Francisco, be- sides quite a number of smaller establish- ments in the same line. Three big fac- tories are those of the American Biscuit Company. the Eagle Cracker Company and places of production. Only a limited quan- | the Eclipse Cracker Company. Thelargest 1 cutting whalebone and supplying dry-goods houses and corset manufactories all over the coast. The houses thus supplied by this new home industry formerly pur- chased all the whalebone from the East, | but substitutes for whalebone were largely | used in the West. The substitutes were | celluioid, horn, hide and steel, which at | first cost are cheaper than whalebone, but which wear out before the dress they are used on wears out, while good shell whale- bone will outwear a number of dresses in succession. Captain J. N. Knowles, the manager, was briefly interviewed by a CALLreporter. From him it was learned that the com- pany pays out $500,000 a year for labor and outfits, and all the outfits are purchased in this market. “I may say with safety,” said the cap- tain, “‘that this company now practically controls the Whnle{]one business of the world. We are now shipping whalebone to Eastern markets and to Europe. *Our company has other heavy interests. A cannery which we operate on Prince Williams Sound, Alaska, puts up annually 60,000 cases of salmon. This is run in connection with our whaling business and is a vast and paying industry. We also have an oil factory, located on the Potrero in this city, where all kinds of lubricating and burning oils are manufactured. Eighty men are continuously employed there. Our oils are shipped to all parts of the country, and we ship whale oils largely to | It furnished that class of work for the the East and Europe.” The whalebone-cutting industry, being a | new one for San Francisco, a short descrip- | tion of the methods employed will not | prove uninteresting. | The whalebone, in long strips, just as it | is taken from the whale’s mouth, is first | [ soaked and cleaned and then put into |long tanks and steamed. It is mnext stripped up with a drawknife into various widths; cut into a number of lengths; put | again mto the steaming tank and then split to any required degree of thinness. | A great deal of the whalebone is cut into strips three feet long, of various weights, | thicknesses and qualities, and carefully packed in long cylindrical boxes. The sheil is the valuable part of the whale- | bone, the grain being only of inferior quality. All classes of bones are cut for whips, but the shell bone is demanded for | dresses and corsets. The shell whalebone | intended for the European market is | highly AmlishedA | n order to convey an idea of the value | of whalebones it may be stated that when | crude pone was sent to New York and Europe, shipping never less than a car- | $80,000 to $100,000. | UNION IRON WORKS. national celebrity for its achievements in the line of ship-building. It is a mam- | moth plant and at its busiest time has em- ployed as many as 2200 men. At present only 1000 men are working there, but the management reports that business is grow- ing better and the conditions are very prom- ising for the immediate future. Just now the biggest piece of work to be seen at the yards is the battleship Oregon, the comple- tion of which has been delayed by the Government’s failure to supply armor- plates at the required time. The Union Iron Works has the capacity of laying down on its ways eight hulls at once, from the smallest to the largest ves- sels built, and makes a specialty of ship- line repairing. Among the big things that the works are busy on at present the enumeration of a | few will show the vastness of the enter- prise which keeps such great contract work here on the coast to be done by our home mechanics. For instance, the Union Works are now building one of the largest compound ver- tical hoisting engines in the world for the Anaconda Copper Mining Compan: A large stamp mill is made for a Mexican mining syndicate, whiile: afiather: |aFgs: stantil il 1a et being shipped to Juneau, Alaska. The last-named mill is complete in all details, including twelve union concentrators. A tugboat, thirty feet long, is being con- structed for use in the Guatemala coffee trade. Four immense steel tanks are be- ing made for an Arizona mining company, and the steamer Columbia is being fitted out with a complete new set of boilers. In | this latter work the Howden forced- draught system is used. It consists of a hot-air draught underneath the grates, peculiarly arranged so as to obtain much higher horsepower out of the boilers than | would be the case with only the natural draught. In electrical work the company is mak- ing rapid advances. Several electrical plants are now under way, one of them de- signed tor the Occidental Hotel. The en- gineering work for the Market-street elec- tric road system was done here. A while ago, the city of Chicago had a monopoly of the copper-bond wire manufacture. The purpose of the bond wire is to carry cur- rents around the endsof rails where the space occurs between lengths. The Union has already made 50,000 of those bond wires for the California electric roads. In this line of manufacture the works have not only met Eastern prices, but have even taken work away from Eastern competi- tors. Connected with the works is a hydraulic drydock, 450 feet long, which takes the largest steamers that come into port, the capacity being 6000 tons. PACIFIC ROLLING MILLS. The Pacific Rolling Mills are one of San Francisco’s big enterprises. The works were started in 1868, and at that time em- ployed only 150 men, and made only mer- chant bar iron. The plant was enlarged, and flat steel rails, now out of date and use, were manufactured. Then, with the advent of cable roads, preparations were made to do the class of work required by cable lines, In 1878, the rolling mills made the first girder rail, which was de- signed by Henry Root, the builder of the California-streei and Market-street cable g of Montana. eing load, the value per carload ranged from | for 1892, 90, | 1o national Union made the following state- | | ment to a CarL reporter: “We on the | | Pacific Coast ca W ) N | cigar for the same price as can be done | only to the trade in every State and Terri- | vented, with the exception of that girder rail, and there he missed it, for if he had only patented that rail, he would have realized millions. Eight years after the girder rail was first manufactured here the Johnson Company of Ohio, controlled by the well-known free- trader, Tom Johnson, took outa patent for the girder rail and brought suit against the Pacific Rolling-mill Company for in- fringement. The San Francisco company won the suit and proved that they had been manufacturing the girder rai. iears before any patent of it was dreamed about. All the cable railway work in this city was done at these mills, and the construc- tion of cable roads having reached some- where near the limit the company turned its attention to the manufacture of struc- tural material for big fireproof buildings. | Mills, Mutual Life and Union Trust Com- pany’s building, ana is now doing the same work for the immense Parrott %ni]d- ing in course of construction. The iron work on the Miss Emma Spreckels build- ing was done by the company,as well as the iron work for the Claus Spreckels resi- dence on Van Ness avenue. The last- named building is notable as being the ! first absolutely fireproof residence put up on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. A fire could be started in any one room and could not extend beyond, as the walls and floor and ceiling are all of fireproof material. In 1883 the company put in a steel plant, which enabled_them to keep abreast of the times. The mills are doing the_steel fire- | proof work for the new City Hall dome, | which will be the third highest dome in | the world, St. Peter’s coming first, with a | height of 422 feet; a dome in Florence next, | ?88 feet, and then the City Hall, with 330 | eet. | Countless tons of scrapiron from every- | where are used here. Some of the scraps | come from lands across the sea and from | the other side of the continent, ships fre- quently arriving with scrapiron in ballast. The complement of the mills is 1200 men, but only 400 are employed at present. In busy seasons the payroll has been as high as $60,000 a month. The capacity of the Pacific Rolling Mills is 50,000 tons of mate- rial per year. HOTE-TIADE CIGARS. One of the home industries that has | suffered in a most severe manner from the | encroachments of an Eastern manufac- | tured article and a sort of prejudice against | home-made goods is the manufacture of | cigars. This prejudice was based on the | impression that Western cigars were nearly | ali of Chinese make. To show what a de- | cline this industry has taken in the past | ten years it is only necessary to say that in 1885 there were 5000 Chinese and 7000 white men employed in making cigars in San Francisco. The Chinese guve been forced out of the business in great numbers and the white forces have also decreased until to-day there are 282 factories in San Fran- | cisco, seventy-three of which are Chinese, and only 300 white men and about double that number of Chinese are employed. In the revenue district comprising the terri- tory between the Sacramento River and the Mexican line there are 480 factories. It is difficult to obtain the number of em- ployes, as each manufacturer files a bond | enabling him to employ fifty, while per- hups he may employ less than ten persons. 'llhe figures of the revenue otfice in this | district show the decline_within the past | few years as follows: Number of cigars manufactured for the year ending Decem- | ber 31, 1891, 95,324,163 cigarettes, 2,458,340; | ,053 cigars, 14,468,000 cigar- | | ettes; for 18 cigarettes. Correspondingly with the de- lpm-zed article_has swelled up to nitudinous proportions. George W. Van Guelpen of the ct of the Cigar-makers’ Inter- Secretar; cal dis 1 manufacture as good a anywhere in the East. Qur union has copyrighted a label, which is a guarantee of white workmanship on uuion brands, and the most careful restrictions are main- tained with regard to the use of this label. Now, we have reports that show that one certain Eastern brand sells here in San Francisco 300,000 cigars a month. “‘There are at least twenty other brands that will average each about 100,000 cigars 2 month sold in this city. These are all of the better quality of cigars which retail at 10 cents and three for 25 cents. If those cigars were manufactured on this coast it would give employment to fully 5000 white persons, who would earn $50,000 a_week, or over $200,000 a month, nearly all of which earnings would go into the channels of trade and remain in circu- lation here; while to-day, as all those such money is spent here. If home in- goods come from the East, not one cent of | Sierras, California doubled her silver out- Eut of 1892. Our silver mines bring ina alf million dollars annually. But our.mineral riches are not confined to gold and silver. The quicksilver mines roduced $1,100,000; borax, $600,000; petro- leum, $600,000; clay and its manufactures, $870,000; limestone, $290,000; salt, $213,000; macadam rock, $250,000; bituminous rock, | $200,000; asphaltum, $175,000; coal, $170,000; mineral waters, $200,000. The mines give employment directly and indirectly to over 25,000 men, and their combined value is upward of $20,000,000. The rapid appre- ciation of gold, due to the anti-silver legis- lation and its depressing effect on the white metal, acted as a mighty impetus to the gold-mining industry. ~The world mnllst still bow to California as the land of gold. THE LUMBER TRADE. Lumber men figure out that after thirty- five years of cutting only 3 per cent of the available timber of the Pacific Coast has been cut away. There are virgin forests of fine timber all over the west coast. In fact only the fringe of the timber of the coast has been shorn off. Douglas fir, or Oregon pine, and California redwood are known and valued all over the world. _“The lumber business has felt the hard times like everything else,”” said Secretary D. H. Bibb of the Golden Gate Lumber Company, “but I am informed that there is more building right now in contempla- tion on the architects’ boards than at any time for the last four years. We already feel the improvement and there are indica- tions of a gradual and sure increase of business this year and next. *‘Our Douglas fir has no equal for structu ral purposes, bridge and ship building. It is shipped to South America, Africa, Aus- tralia, China, Japan, England and France. The demand in those countries is steadily growing. Our redwood, for finishing pur- poses, is also in strong demand wherever it has been introduced. An order for 1,000,000 feet of redwood has just been shipped from California, consigned to Liebe of London, the largest furniture-dealer in the world. “There is a producing capacity on this coast of 1,000,000,000 feet of pine lumber. The home consumption amounts to 350,000,000 feet annually; and the foreign consumption, or off-shore business, to 150,000,000 feet per year. Of redwood there is a producing capacity of 500,000,000 feet; the home consumption being 200,000, and the foreign 50,000,C00 feet. “Scattered along the Sierra Nevada Mountains, from Siskiyou to Kern County are a large number of Small mills, engage in manufacturing yellow and sugar pine and spruce lumber. ~ Theirannual capacity is about 150,000,000 feet, with a consump- tion of about 60,000,000 feet. About 10,000 men are employed in the woods and mills by the lumber industry, besides the large number enga;ged in the shipping part of the business.” GLOVE-MAKING, Seven of the largest glove-manufacturing establishments in San Francisco and vicin- ity have joined hands for their common benefit in the Glove Manufacturers’ Asso- ciation. The firms enrolled in that mem- bership are: B. Blumenthal & Co., F. G. Conkling & Co., H. Busby, H. & L. Block, Golden Gate Glove Company, Carson Glove Company, Raymond & Williams of Napa. These companies employ from twenty to fiity hands each, men, women and boys, all white labor. It was one of the objects of the association to employ only white 3, 72,943,410 cigars, 10,608,700 | labor. A Chinese glove works was seri- | ously talked of some time ago, but the * | cline of the home cigar trade the business | association prevailed upon the tanners not R | in the im The Union Iron Works has attained | ™2&! | to supply the Chinese with mategial, and | thus the Celestial glove factory was never | opened. In glove-making the men earn all | the way from $1 50 to $3 per day: the girls from $5 to $18 per \\'ee{’. Glove leather tanned in San Francisco is used by these | manufacturers. who supply gloves not | tory of the West, but also as far back East | as Chicago. All the factories in this city | are run by electric power, the ola foot- power methods being relegated to the shades. ‘When spoken to with reference to East~ ern competition, one manufacturer said: ““Eastern competition has been very keen, land it is a regretable fact that some San Francisco merchants patronize Eastern houses, even though the quality and price of our goods are equal to the importation. It is not a desirable state of affairs when, prices and quality equal, some merchants place their small orders at home and buy | their big bills of goods from Eastern | agents. The CarL’schampionship of home industry and home protection is most com- | medable.” The skins used in glove-making here are goat, seal, calf, buck and dog skin, kid and mocha. They are all tanned in San | Francisco, and a number of the tanneries dustry were generally patronized when price and quality are equal trade would stride ahead and times would soon be flourishing.” CALIFORNIA MARBLE. The marble quarries of California are winning fame negr and far. The grand marble columns of the Hobart building, he fi rst and second floor casing and stair- ways of the Mills building, the Sacra- mento postoffice and the Public Library of Stockton are built of California marble quarried in Inyo County. The largest quarry in the State is located near Keeler, on the shore of Owens Lake, Inyo County. There are quarries less extensive owned by the Colton Marble Quarr{, San Ber- nardino County; Carrera Marble Com- any, Amador ounty ; Columbia Marble a?orks, Tuolumne County, and Victor Marble Quarry, San Bernardino County. The demand for California marble is growing. White, black, yellow, blue veined marble are produced. A large amount of money is invested in the in- dustry. OUR MINERALS. The mines of California are a source of fabulous wealth, and there seems to be no limit to their treasures. The annual gold product of California has remained for some years at from $12,000,000 to $13,000,- 000; but, according to State Mineralogist J. J. Crawford, there has been such a re- vived interest in this branch of mining that the output will be materially in- creased. Many old properties have been reopened and new ones developed among the quartz mines, and about fifty hydraulic mines, which had been unproductive for years, are again being actively worked, and numerous applications for permits to mine by the hydraulic method are on file. This tends toward the increased output of gold, and as more capital is invested the annual product bids fair to reach very soon from $15,000,000 to $16,000,000, The product of silver in this State is comparatively small, but the ores of the rincipal camp, Calico, San Bernardino Boumy, can be worked cheaper than any silver ores on the coast, so that these mines here are immense institutions, employing hundreds of men. They ship leather very heayily tothe East. The leading tanneries are those of the Legallet-Hellwig Tanning Company, Sawyer & Norton, J. C. Rued & Co. and S. Bloom & Sons. It is worthy of note that one of the ad- vantages of California-made gloves is that they are all made in sizes to fit, while Eastern working-gloves are all made of a uniform size. EGGS AND POULTRY. It is a matter of record that San Fran- cisco pays more for eggs on the average than any other city in the United States. For a year past the wholesale price of Cali- fornia ranch eggs averaged 25 cents per dozen, while Eastern eggs averaged 16 cents per dozen. The fact is patent that California produces in this line only half of what is consumed in her home market. The poultry business offers great induce- ments for the investment of capital. It is asserted by one who has made a study of the business that there is no legitimate enterprise on the coast that will pay a larger per cent of profit for the amount in- vested than the poultry industry. When it is shown that San Francisco last year consumed over 7,000,000 dozens of eggs, and that over a half of these were fur- nished by Eastern shippers, the reader will be surprised; but not so much as i ! Wl continued working when silver mines in other parts of the country were closed down, and when silver reached its very lowest point in value. In 1893, it is re- roads. Root invented nearly all the ap- pliances used on those two roads. e took out patents for everything he in- - 1 N Wi N markable, when silver mines were ceasing work all over the country east of the