Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, February 3, 1916, Page 1

The Sunday Bee is the only Omaha newspaper that i gives its readers four big Wl pcges of colored comies. THE OMAHA DAILY BEE THE WEATHER. Fair; Warmer PRESIDENT SAYS AMERICA WON'T BE TRAMPLED ON | 'Wilson Tells Peopls of Kanses | Nation Won't Abide Habitual | or Oontinual Negleot | of Rights. H MAY USE GOOD RIGHT ARM Declares Country Probably Will Have to Employ Force to Make Self Respected. EVERY HOUR IN DAY CRITICAL FRENCH plcture ! BULLETIN. KANSAS CITY, Mo, President Wilson arrived here at 4:58 p. m. from Topeka, Kan., and went immediately to a hotel to rest before speaking in Convention hall tonight. Feb, 2.— | | TOPEKA, Kan., Feb. 2. T’renl-} dent Wilson told an audience of 5,000 persons here today that “America is not going to abide the habitual or continual neglect” of its rights under international law, either with respect to the safety of its cit- izens or its foreign commerce. 5 MICLERAND VISITING T FINANOE MINISTER VISITS FIRST LINE TRENOHES — This interesting shows M. Millerand leaving one of the first line trenches in northern France after a recent tour of inspection. Note that M, Millerand is wearing one of the new steel helmets to guard against head wounds from bursting shrapnel. N “For one thing, it may be neces- | #ary,” the president sald with a| gesture “to use the forces of the United States to vindicate the rights | of American citizens everywhere to enjoy the rights of international law. “We must also insist on the rights of | Americans to trade with the world,” he continued. ‘“We shall respect any blockade, but the world needs ths prod- ucts of the United States, and we will _jnaist that the world gets them.” = WITNESSES TELL Inquiry Into Conditions at Norfolk | Hospital Brings Out Alleged Immoral Conditions. The Philippines, the president said, | ANXIOUS TO AVOID SCANDAL Y/ would be freed. L “That flag will come down,” he con- NORFOLK, Neb.,, Feb. 2.—Ne-| braska State Board of Control today began public and officlal investiga- tion of conditions at the state hos- pital for the insane in Norfolk, The hearing follows an investiga- tion conducted by the Norfolk Dally News several weeks ago. At that time the state board removed Dr. W. D. Guttery, superintendent, from office and asked for his resignation. He demanded a public hearing. Mrs. Nina Hickerson, who re- cently voluntarily left the employ of the Norfolk hospital as a nurse, tes- tified that on one o on Dr Gut: tery put his~arm around her on the stalrway, and she struck him in the stomach with her elbow. She named one woman whom she sald bore an immoral reputation, and declared Dr. Guttery told her that he was warned about this woman by her own relatives before employing her. She sald that Dr. Guttery told a class of women nurses that ‘‘most men lose their manhood at 45, but I'm 63 and just as good as ever.” She told of a suggestive story which she said he told the class. P. F. Garvey, former deputy county clerk of Boome county, testified that when he went to work at the hospital Dr. Guttery told him, “girls will be girls,” and that he wanted employes to have a good time, “but if you pull off anything, don't let it get to be a scan- del” He named nurses whose moral reputation was bad, he said, Reads Story Me Told. Garvey he said Dr. Guttery told a mixed class of men and women. He corroborated Mrs. Hickerson's story as to Dr. Gut- tery’s claims to vitality, adding that Dr. Guttery said he kept in candition by eat- ing eggs and drinking milk. Garvey resigned three weeks ago and testified Guttery in trying to persuade him to sign a statement of recommenda- tion for the state board, promised im- mediate promotion, and said: “Now will you sign it”” and Garvey sald he re- fused. Miss Lease, head nurse for six years, testified that on one occasion a female patlent threatened to harm the ‘nurses, |and while Dr. Guttery looked on, one nurwe conquered the patient, after which tinued, “when we feel that the Philip- pines can take over their own affairs and no longer require our protection, and it will be more honored in the lowering than in the raising.” Introduced by Capper. A program of song was provided to en- tertain the audience while waiting for the president. One of the songs which was loudly applauded was “Let Us Have Peace."” It was 1:18 o'clock when the president entered the auditorium. The delay was due to the reception of the suffragists on Governor Capper’s porch as he was L tarting. As President Wilson rose after being introduced by, Governor Capper the audi- ence stood and cheered. The president new the people of Kansas wanted to know the facts before taking action. “I have come, he said, “not to plead @ cause. The cause I came for does not need pleading. I want to clear away clouds which have arisen to fog this is- sue Every Hour is Oritical. ““There is no special new critical situa- tion which I bave to discuss with you," the president continued, *“but I want you to understand every day, every hour is critical, while this great contest con- tinues in Europe. “It is easy to refrain from unneutral acts, but not easy to refrain from um- meutral thought. “American is a composite nation. Many S Of you people are native born and think \nntun.lly of America fivst. But there are many communities with many people from foreign lands. You cannot wonder, I do not wonder, that their sympathies are stirred. “The maljority of them are steadfast Americans, nevertheless. For while wo were born here, they come here of their own free and deliberate cholce. Native Trouble Makers. “Some men of forelgn birth have tried to stir up trouble. But there are also some men born here who have tried to stir up trouble in America. “If you could listen to the counsels dinned into my ears almost every day at ‘Washington you would find that some of the most intemperate have come from the lips of men who for generations together have been identified with Americs, but who for the moment have been so car- (Continued on Page Five, Column One.) The Weather Dr. Guttery ‘“strongarmed” or choked Foi Omaha, Council Bluffs and Vicinity | the patient. She sald she thought he was ~—Tair; slowly rising temperature. too severe. Miss Lease told of another Hours. WARMER : female patient who was put on a bread land water diet for two days by Dr B :I‘ Guttery to discipline her. She named . H five former nurses of immoral reputation, P and sald Guttery had talked to her about ia, their reputations, but retained them in e the employ of the hospital. 1p. Miss Lease sald Guttery told her he \ 3p. employed one woman against the wishes 4 of his wife on account of her reputation, 6p. 12| and stated that she was bright and he b ;:; - 14| could excuse anything but a lack of 4 barins,” and that he wanted to give her Record. Sasigaontive ‘Jean a chance because he thought it would Olighest yasterday....... 13 3 s " |belp her o ’y: E -1 i1 % 3 rartial te Geod Looks. }l}(m"wn ; ::‘ ';». 18| She told of another woman who, ac 00 pt_'-dpl!.AUon depar- ture and tures Rrom the norme; cording to Gutlery's statement to the | witness, told him of her past Immorall- No: temperature. tles, but he said she was large and pleas ROPTR e the tas ing in appearance and he thought she TP U X Since 27| would make a good girl it given a chance. 8 y for the day. 08 inch Miss Lease testified she received a re- Dotieioncatll since March 1....20.% Inches | port of the profanity of one woman, but Deticieney for cor. period, 1914.. 1.57 inches | 414 not report it to Dr. Guttery because Deficlency for cor. perfod, 1913.. 570 inches | she thought Guttery partial to this Reports from Statlons st 7 P. M. |Woman, which, she said, was the general Station and State Temp. High- Rain- | impression. She said she had gone into fl‘:;_‘:n':“:'w . et fall | nurses' rooms when they were il and Davenport, clear "t 0| found Dr. Guttery there; that she found ver, cloud. 40 | him sitting on the edge of the bed ig the B Bo&y = ?: room of & woman of immoral reputation, 1 er, SNOW..... r r although there was a chalr in the room. North Platte, cloudy u 00| She told of seeing one of these nurses Omata. glear.. sressell 00| walkdng arm i arm in the tunnel with a Rapid City, snow 3 % | male patient Salt Lake City, cloudy 12 ® Judge Good sought to bring out state Sents Ve, clear = 2 | ments from witnesses that tk § Sheridan,’ snow i : 0| ments ases that the patients Sloux City, clea M 1 | Were well treated, weil fed, clothed, et \n.‘.' tine. ‘snow. 10 1 v| Miss Lease sald she had never seen any 7 indicater -“r::»'v“ulr" I“:"‘"l‘”"““” cruelty and considered Dr. Guttery kinf- L. A. WELSH, Loca! Forecaster. to patients general read an obscene story wh\chl JOHN C. WATSON - WHAT GUTTERY DID VICTIM OF GRIPPE/IN HIS OWN BEHALF Pioneer Attorney and Legislator of Nebraska City Called by Death. FIVE TIMES IN LEGISLATURE NEBRASKA CITY, Neb.,, Feb. 2. ~—(Special Dispatch.) — John C. Watson, a resident of Nebraska City since 1870 and prominent in the af- fairs of the state, died at his home here at 5 o'clock this afternoon, after an illness of six weeks. He had been ill with grip, and this, complicated with other ailments, brought on heart failure. He was 65 years of age and is survived by his wife and one son, John C. Wat- son, jr., who lives on a farm near Union. g Mr, Watson established a reputation as a_parflamentarian. He .wag chosen to ' t his district at five consecutive sesslons of the legislature, being fl‘: clected as a member of the lower hof for the session of 1887, and In 1889 he was returned to the bouse, belng chosen as speaker of that branch at that session. In 1801 and 1598 he was returned to the house, and In 1895 was elected to the sen- ate and was made president of that branch of the legislature. Mr. Watson was a native of Missourl, having been born at St. Louls September 2, 180, and educated at the University of Michigan, where he was graduated in 1878, After belng admitted to the bar he located In Nebraska City, and BSs re- sided there contMuously since that time. In 1878 ho' was elected district attorney of the district, including Lancaster, Cass, Nemaha and Otoe counties, and served four years, establiching a reputation as a criminal lawyer. Mr. Watson did not confine himselt to crimfhal law, how- ever, but has established a practice in the other branches of the profession. Tughboat Sunk by Boiler Explosion; Fourteen Missing HUNTINGTON, W. Va., Feb, 2.—The Sam Brown, a Pittsburgh (Pa.) towboat, sank within a few minutes after its bollers exploded in the Ohlo river op- posite this city at 11:06 o'clock today. It is belleved that few of the crew were saved. A few survivors from the Sam Brown, but not more than six In all, reached ¢he Ohilo side of the river following the explosion. Debris from the boat landed on both sides of the river. The boat was blown to pleces and k immedi- ately, Ben J. Willlams, mate of the towboat, o survivor, says there were thirty-four persons on hboard the boat. Of these twenty have been accounted for. Four- teen are missing, and it is believed they are dead Captain Lew C. Blair of Pittsburgh, in command of the boat, is missing and is believed dead. Four men injured in the explosion are in a hospital here. J.P. Morgan Sails For England on The Rotterdam NEW YORK, Feb. 2-J. P. Morgan is reported to have booked passage on the steamship Rotterdam, which salled late today for England. It was admitted at Morgan's office that he was going abroad, but nothing was made known as to the nature of his mission. Crew of Takata Maru is Rescued NEW YORK, Feb. i —The crew of the Takata Maru has been saved, but the #hip has been abandoned in a sinking ¢ondition, according to a wireless messago from Ceptain Moseses received tonight by the Anchor Line officials here. Captain Moses' message stated that he and his men had been removed safely to the steamer Silver Shell, with which the Takata Maru was in collision yesterday The Silver = he said. was proceeding THURSDAY MORNT NG, GERMANY EXPECTS " LUSITANIA CASE ' SETTLEMENT SOON | | Semi-Official Statement Says Note on the Way Gives Reasonable Hope for Positive Un- | { derstanding. | BELIEVES Up to January 20 Report Says it Seemed Satisfactory Adjust- ment Impossible. BERNSTORFF HAS NO WORD YET | BERLIN, Feb. -(By Wireless to Seyville.) —Instructions have been sent by the German government to Ambassador Bernstorff at Washing- ton of such a nature as to give ‘‘rea- | sonable hope for a positive under- standing” concerning the Lusitania affair, it was announced here today. e 1 o f CHILD LABOR BILL Keating Measure Adopted by Lower OPPOSITION FROM THE SOUTH | German Amb Keating bill barring from interstate IMPASSE IS PAST | commerce the products of child labor was passed by the hiuse today, 337 to forty-six, and now goes to the sen- Interstate shipments of any commod- children under 16 working in mills, ing establishments, are employed at nght for more than eght hours a day in this latter class | of industries, the mintmum age is 16 | 107 today formally notified Secre- instead of 14. SINGLE COPY TWO CENTS. VON BERNSTORFF PASSES THE HOUSE| ASSERTS APPAM CAME AS A PRIZE dor Formally Serves Notice His Government Contends for Possession of Ship. ORDERED FREED Berge Objects Vigorously to Re- lease of Englishmen Aocting as Gun Porters. Wotel eto., Bo. Ohamber of Congress by Vote of 337 to 46 WABHINGTON Feb. 2. — The BRITONS te. It imposes heavy penalties for! ty ‘n whole or in part produced by anneries, workshops or manufactur-| ARRANGEMENTS FOR LANDING ‘Where children WASHINGTON, Feb. 2-—~Oount von Bernstorff, the German ambassa- tary Lansing that the Appam was brought into Hampton Roads as a vrize, under the terms of the Prus- sian-American treaty, which gtar- Opposition to the bill came largely rom the south Representative o News Webb of North Carolina, chairman of the house judiclary committee urged that it was unconstitutional, and sought unsuccessfully to exempt the The announcement, which is of a semi- fficlal nature, is sald by the Overseas Agency to have been made ‘‘in antees it to the captors and thus of- ficially served notice that Germany contends for possession of the ship. connection with alarming English re- ports about the nature of German-Ameri- man ambassador at Washington arrived at Berlin, showing that wo to that time it had been mpossible to adjust the Lus- itania case In a manner satisfactory to both sides by friendly verbal exohanges of views, On Tuesday instructions were transmitted by telegraph to the German | ambassador which give reasonable hope for a positive understanding.’ Note Mas Not Reached Bernstorff. WASHINGTON, Feb, 2.—~At the Ger- man embassy it was stated early today that Count Von Bernstorff had recelved no instructions from Berlin and that if such instructifns had been cabled by the forelgn office on February 1 they would not be expected here mich before to- morrow. If the instructfons come by cable they will be tranamitted through the American embassy at Berlin, which, at SMITH IS A WITNESS Accused of Murder of Mrs, Camp- bell, Details Struggle in the | Rooming House. CHOKED BY THE HUSBAND > Relly M. Smith, 69-year old de- fendant, accused of the murder of Mrs. Frences Campbell, on the wit- t ness stand in his own defense yes- the instruction of the State department terday afternoon told the story of | )., piaced its faciities for communication ing her lifetime and of a struggle | forelgn office at the disposal of the with her husband, October 31, which | German government so that the Lusi- through the British censorship. fired accidentally into her body. None of the embassy officlals would own behalf, returning direct and | !nstructions referred to as “glving rea- positive answers to questions, scable Bepe fér & pecitive R4 Count Bernstorf's last communication Judge Sears admitted in the evi-|to the forelgn office transmitted a full bed statement made by Mrs. Camp- | ™"t ®ke- v bell, after she had been taken to a Union Pacifio is The court ellminated from the state- ment references to threats, which it said " . she refused to “run away With him." Bndga 0\701‘ Rlver The following sentences were allowed to — “I did not ses him shoot. construotion of & new bridge over the see the gun before he shot. It was dark. Missourd to take the Dl of the Stato Nests Cnse, Chief Engineer Huntley last night sald: The state rested and the defense | +A new bridge is one of the possibilities, A. Clem of BEast St. Louls, to testify | not the plans and specifications com- to Smith's previous good character. Five | piated. In fact, the matter has mot yet for the Sath pEIHORe. fes that are likely to use the bridge Mra. Smith, wife of the defendant, was | have siened upe eral unimportant questions. steel structure, costing around $1,000,000, Smith was called and on direct examin-| ypq 4t 15 asserted that in making up the that he still considers himself a deputy during 1916 this money is United States marshal, although several| "y, oy ¢he spans of the new bridge pointed. - bedrock. A four-track structure will be 1 first saw Mrs. ¥rances Campbell in and the plans will probably was Fanny Mitchell then. She was help- ing to care for a chlld that had been in- El 1 even Killed b “In January, 1914, somebody touched s y me on the arm on the street. It was Storm in Alaska ces Campbell. She sald she was in dis- tress. 1 gave her $2 In March, 1914, men perished in the recent storm, accord- She sald she had left her husband. I[ing to advices recelved here today. The gave her $10. | iy wrecked on Cape Decision and its crew of | saw the woman again. | In May I gave her $10 for a bond and in June I gave her [the fishing achooner Hunice. The gas boat “W. N.” was wrecked at Cape gave her $28 for clothes and money to attend her mother's funeral, Later in WTI frozen to death near the Olympla mine. board. In August 1 gave her §0 for| room rent and board. In September I surance poliey. She sald her husband| (... A‘,_M)"-‘;LQN Egph?E')‘E.I;?.‘,N.S‘ was dead and she would have insurance 3 - 4 - ministers and widows and orphans of | gare ek 0. ':11:::1:::':14‘7" o lawsult. | inigters during 1915, acoording to the She ow mecretary of the board of conference day, at & ‘:'!Y;r'fl ";“:"h‘“d fic“-";:“""‘; claims, submitted at the annual meeting | She was no ere, u 8. | dollars is needed for the pemsion fund, Smiih Comes to Omghs. Dr. Hengley's report sald, and of this of the conference. his relations with the woman dur-|between Count Von Bernstorff and his exchi ve to pass he sald, resulted in o bullet being | fhmm oo bee, o ety Smith was a strong witness in his | venture an opinion as to what were the ing.” Shortly after the noon recess dence a few sentences of the death- | statement of what the American govern- hospltal on the night she was shot. Figuring on a New Smith had made to shoot the woman if g0 into the record: I d1d not The Union Pacific is figuring on the I know I ying.” s S one now in use. Relative to the matter, opened its case with the testimony of H.| put the details have not begn worked out, affidavits of other witnesses were read | rogched a stage whers the raflroad com- called to the stand and was asked sev-| y¢ the bridge is built it will be an all- ation and on cross-examination testified | . ...1 puaget providing years have elapsed since he was ap-| . .o.¢ upon the old plers, that go to 103 at Marion, IIL’ he testitied. “She| "oU Feo tl, jured by the train. the woman, who said she was then Fran- JUNBAU, Alaska, Feb. 2. — Hleven I saw her in a store in Bast St. Louls. fishing schooner Edison of Tacoma was | “In’ October, 1914, and in April, 1915, | six perished. Two men were lost from | $10 twice for two other bands, July 2 I Bendel and two men lost. Herbert Allen July I gave her $20 for room rent and METHODISTS SPEND OVER gave her $150 for payments on an in- money due her. In September I also church pald $1,200,000 in pensions to retired N O e Siea. Campbeil, Thurs- | 230Usl report of Dr; Jogeph B. Hingley, of the board here today. Fifteen million | Omaha. amount $,000,000 now is in the treasury . Paris Journal Calls I came to Omaha, October 31, went to 220 North Nineteenth street at 2 o'clock and asked for Mrs, Campbell. I asked | her for a power of attorney to collect $500 | which she sald she was going to give me, from her lawyer. She agreed and, as it was Sunday, I sald I would come Monday and get it. “I went back at & o'clock and as 1| stood in the hall talking to Mrs. Widener, | the proprietor, Campbell walked by and went into Mrs. Campbell's room. Then PARIS, Feb. 2—The Paris press com ments upon the discretion of Colonel E. « children of widows from {ts opera- can relations.” tion. The text of (he statement is given by objected vigorously to relesss & the news agency Saliown? Arkansa’s R_ M n:ush subjects aboard the Appa “It 1s true that on Saturday, January who served as gun porters for O/M;.M-mcm_ , telegraphic report from the Ger- 1ver a'y prize crew. It was sald that flood waters in the Arkansas river wearing away the levees may cause the stream to desert its present at Cummins and ses fts Bayou Barthowomew, empiyl Misy line, was expressed today by river men. ing away the levee less than five miles from the head of the bayou. morning as to the fate of 500 negro con- victs marooned at Cummins. near Douglas and work of bringing them House a Sphynx in a Soft Hat| Collector Hamilton reported late this afternoon that Lieutenant Berge Cut New Channel Below Cummins LITTLE ROCK, Ark, might be some delay in pending further consideratiq State department. Lieuten also objected to allo consuls to communical nationals whils and the dep should not Feb., 2—Fear channel hrough Arkansas from the convict farm OLD PQ On recel, an tog e ore’ L ot which fell vietims to the GN raider, now aboard it, n made for Sir B, Meriwether and sippl below the Arkansas-Luplstana At the conviot farm the river is eat- No Information was recelved here this Several hundred persons are marooned to the town ocontinued throughout last| diately, night and today. ) fh ‘Three hundred to 6500 families near | NORFOLK, Va., 3~British Vice Douglas will be without food within a| Consul Royds i British People Are Woefully Ignorant, Says School Board LONDON, Feb. 2—A manifesto calling for a drastio reform In the educational system of Great Britain is published to- day over the signatures of a ocommittee | held, T §tg§5 / Ray! The manifesto declares that the Brit- | tion Inspector Morton ish are woefully ignorant people and are | Appam. Morton and habits of mind. ¥or the years efforts have been made vainly introduce the study of sclence In the country’s schools and leges as an essential part of the educa- tional program.’” SUSPECT HELD IN LONDON TELLS ON VON PAPEN | pur o srito erow an his vossel however, that he kigw the name of German craft. National Guard - Suggests 500 Men gie i ¥ § LONDON, Feb. 2.—According to a statement made by the authorities here today, Bridgman Taylor, detained here on the charge of having falled to register as an alien enemy has made a confes- slon to the effect that Captain Frans > . i Von Papen, recalled Germany militory E h D Aiacbe at” Washington ergaised the | in Each Distriot plan for blowing up the Welland canal. | WASHINGTON, Feb, 2. | tives of the executive committe of the Nationsl Guard assoclation continued be- GREECE AND RDUMANIA fore the house military committee today SIGN NEUTRALITY PACT |arguments in behalf of recognising the organized militia as the main stremgth LONDON, Feb. i—The Adeverul, a |of the country's first line army, General W. F. Sadler of New Jersey said that it congress would provide for the organis tion of the guard on the basis of 500 men for every congressional district, the force would total 265,000 on & peace footing, which could be readily doubled for war. General Badler sald the annual total of | & militta pay bill would be about $8,60,000 Estimates on the continental army, he | added, ranged from $40,000,000 to $62,000,000 General Sadler insisted that guardsmen went into the service because they be- | ltlevea they would be sent to the fromt |in case of war, and If they were - | now superseded by a continental army, Colonel Iouse 18|y, \qg certain he could not retain 3 per newspaper of Bucharest, declares that Greece and Roumania have signed a dual neutrality convention, according to a dispatch received here by wireless telegraphy from Rome. é’ olonei ; Mr. A. Fitzmaurice, the forelgn editor | of the Figaro says " i e us be g | o C kative me. He took me by the throat and|Tn T cogor publishes an article on |slender, unsmiling man is & lover of T jammed me up aguinst the door. Me|ogone) Fiouse and uses as an fllustra- | silence, Women Witnesses ‘";“"‘;? me. My throat is still sore from |yl 0 ¢or it 4 composite photograph of the | “He answers by monosyllibles and T | ! effects. got out my revolver and tried to strike him on the head. He grabbed my hand and tried to twist the revolver away. colonel and the sphinx. It heads the ar- ticle “A Sphinx in a Soft Hat.” It says that the most experienced Interviewers admit that Mr. Wilson's envoy has Then Mrs. Campbell came out and struck me. Just then the revolver was dis- charged. I never sald I would kill her and never tried to kill her."” Detective Dunn testified that Smith's throat showed marks the night he was arrested Mrs Frank Moore, 213 North Nineteenth Continued on FPage Two, Column One.) o ———————— et et b et ) baffled. them as they had never before been baffled. All of them had asked him to confirm or deny the phrase attributed to him by the Berliner Tageblatt to the effect that his love for Germany grows greater every time bhe visits it. The questioners obtgined no satisfaction, but admit that in view of thelr own experi- ence, they do not believe for a moment that he committed himeelf to that extent doubt whether that attributed to him by the Berliner Tageblatt, Colonel House has too high an idea of the confidential mission en- trusted to him by his friend President Wilson to take the trouble to deny such Mdle talk, As he has only visited the capitals of the belligerent nations most directly interested in the questions of the blockade and submarine warfare, one would not be far wrong in belleving that | those questions form the principal objests of his journey." he pronounced to any | German journalist a phrase so long as | in Mohr Case Are Held for Perjury PROVIDENCE, R. L, Feb, 3-Mrs, Bes- sie Spellman, the wife, and Mrs Gertrude Baily, a sister of Henry H. Spellinan, on trisl with Mre. Elizabeth F. Mohr and QOecll Brown for the murder of Dp C. Franklin Mohr, were arvested today om & charge of perjury. The women had tes- tified at the morning session and had given evidence in support of an alibl for Spellman