Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, November 13, 1915, Page 15

po - —am- Companions ————————— By JANE M'LEAN. T have a friend so very strange and wonderful to know, Her eyes are deep, I love to watch the wonder in them grow: And when she speaks the air vibrates with music soft and low. Sometimes I am afraid of her—I fear the scornful shine Deep in the stormy eyes of her, a strange unspoken sign That she is friend to many, but I may not call her mine. Sometimes I chafe beneath her rule, when all the world is gay, And venture out alone without her and to point the way, And mingle with the many on the highroad gone astray. Sometimes I can but feel her breath upon the breezes blown; Her name is Truth, but when I feel her fingers in my own And know that she has read my soul, T feel that I have grown. By ELLA WHEELER WILCOX, Copyright, 1915, Star Company. The lack of logical reasoning powers on the part of womankind was illus- trated recently by the creation of a head This protection named the “peace hat.” hat was decorated with two dead doves. It was sug- gested that the hat should be adopted by all ‘women who were interested in dbringing peace to earth, and that it should be a sym- bol of their dis- approval of war and cruelty. The slaughter of doves and the en- couragement of the spirit of slaughter in the people whose work it would be to pro- vide the dead birds did mot enter into the question, evidently, In the minds of the creator of the ‘‘peace hat."” One of the most persistent and stub- born faults of woman displays iteselt in her headgear. Even in audiences brought together to discuss kindness to animals, the hat, flaunting its corpses of birds or its algrettes or plumage of heautiful creatures destroyed for the purpose of woman's adornment, will be found in evidence of woman's lack of innate, re- | fined feeling toward the lesser creatures of earth. A woman who s progressive, kind, tender-hearted and thoughtful in every other respect, was asked why she wore ! ttes on her hat: “Linever gave the matter a thought'" she sald. Yet sho had given every other question concern- ning kindness a thought, Lack of Logic Shown in Women’s “Peace Hat” {80 far as wounds and their handling was reduced the tardy marks which before had been too plentiful in her room. County superintendents in all the states have become deeply interested in the work of the Liberty Bell Bird club, and are calling the special attention of their teachers to its aid in character training as well as its educational value. Study birds, protect birds, feed birds, love birds, but do not wear dead birds, even on a ‘peace hat.” Surgery in the War By Woods Hutchinson, A. M., M. D. This war has been as barren o: any- thing new and interesting in surgery as in everything else. Simply a dreary waste of mud and blood and slaughter. Man has reverted three-quarters of a million years at one sweep, back to the blood- sucking, burrowing vermin, halr ferret, half hedge-hog, from which he originally sprung. There once was a thing called war, cer- tain selected spots of which could be spoken of without disgust and horror, but now men burrow down into holes in the ground to fight and are blown out again by high explosives, so that their fragments are scattered all over the sur- i rounding landscape. | When the great insanity first broke out we fatuously congratulated ourselves that this was golng to be a humane war, concerned. 'The modéern, small caliber, Ligh velocity bullet was the most humane and gentle killer ever invented, we bur- bled. The wounds drilled by it were as Mrs. Russell Sage has done a great|small and clean as gimlet holes; the heat work in helping educate the young and |generated in the rifle barrel had made it in helping to protect our beautiful song | absolutely sterile, and the tissues on birds from the destruction of hunters.|ecach side of it were Lalf pulped, half She recently gave 35,00 to the Junior scared, so that almost no hemorrhage Audubon soclety to be used whoily in the |followed unless a large artery was southern states. A man, whose name he | hos requested should remain unknown, | gave $20,000 last yoar for the same pur-| pose. 3 It has been by means of such assist-!| ance that the National Assoclation of Audubon Bocleties has been able to carry | forward the extension of the education | of the young people of the country in the knowledye and love and appreciation of birds. The secretary of the assocla- tion remarked, in his report of the Junio | Audubon soclety, that its influence for' Zood was far wider than the limits of | L0 [e*0IVe ltself into three parts. Firs bird protection alone. ““Beyond doubt,” the revort said, “nothing is so great a problem, or one whose solution is so Important to the future prosperity and peace of the coun- try as the rescue of children of the land from evil influences and the diversion of thelr restless activities and curlosity Into safe and beneficent channels. To do this their Interest must be excited in some- thing which will appeal to their minds &8s amusing and at the same time be really worth while, “The pursuit of the study of natural history offers just these attractions, and to a large extent appeals to girls as well as to boys. No better place to begin this study exists than in watching the activi- ties of birds. which invite the interest of all children by their pretty ways, sweet volces and domestic habits. In re- epect to no other class of animals is sentiment so mingled with sclence as here; and, when one needs to cultivate in a young mind a sense of the duty of consideration for animals, the bird offers the best possible point of beginning. “These thoughts would arise first to the mind of the moralist and soclal eco- nomist as he looked at the astounding success of the Junior Audubon movement displayed by the statistics published in these pages—and mayhap that s really the important thing that has been ac- complished. It may be that these tens of thousands of children, poring over their leaflets, memorizing the various birds pictured, while happlly producing theilr portraits with their crayons, ana exercising thelr ingenuity in pleasant rivalry, as they contrive their bird-lodges and set them in cautiously chosen places, are acquiring, quite unknowingly, powers and qualities that will be of far greater value for them in the future than will their store of ornithology.” Lawg will help to save the birds, but education is better, is the slogan of the Liberty Bell Bird club of the Farm Jour- nel, which has 338 schools enrolled in its birth state, Pennsylvania, with more than 3,000 in different parts of the United States, whose puplls are pledged to study all song and Insectivorous birds. It costs nothing to join this club, which, in its plerced. But the first couple of dozen bulletins from the front shattered this rosy vision into smithereens. First, came loud and bitter complaints from both sides that the other side was violating the rules of way and using dum-dum bullets, making tunnels the size of a stovepipe through the body, instead of eclean-drilied auger holes. The tunnels were there in painful | abundance, but when the whole thing | was sifted down the explanation appeared that any private soldier that had | grouch on could convert the most re-| spectable regulation bullet into a dum- dum in three minutes or less, simply by ripping open the steel jacketing, or flat- tening the nose of it on a stone, or filing a couple of nicks above the collar. Second, that any pencil-shaped bullev which happened to ricochet from the ground, or glance from a tree, or strike any other obstacle in its flight, would | elther become bent into a crescent or | | turned sidsways ana strike broad-side | on, making the unfortunate “target” look as If he had been hit by a flying stove- lit, or a blade of a broken propeller. Third, that if the flying death hap- pened to strike or even scrape a bone, By GARRETT P. SERVISS, “How hot is the sun? I have a friend that pretends to sclentific knowledge, who says the sun lsn't hot, but cold, and that all the heat is manufactured on the earth, Is that so?—Reader.” Nobody knowas, for sure, how hot the sun fs. Its temperature, (at its surface), has been estimated by different authori- ties, at different times, all the way from 3,000 degrees By BEATRICE FAIRFAX. Sald a very successful business woman to me recently, “I have just come friiy a conference with the heads of our fir | [ There were five men there and my cl | We had met to discuss how ts mak | half-a-million-dollar | million-dollar one, and 1 was d i corporation int . 1 at being invited to the conferense | “I was asked becnuse they wan o | opintons and ideas, and ns 1 a1 v & my feminine view-point Ima | | qurprise when, at the eud of m W gostions, onr president exclaim ke & woman! Of course it was 1i} woman. I am a woman, und 1 feminine viewpoint. In places it to '« | the masculine one, and wheie it fals | touch, 1t genetally can comprehend. it [ murely, surely it ia different becuiee [ tratning and heredity and most o | tacts of my being are different. too. In this world there are almost as man | points of view as men anl women; but underneath all there is thy | human potnt of view. There are funda- mental disstmilarities between the mai- culine and feminine viewpoints, anl there are occas'ons when the two will hardly be reconciled: and the man Wio exclalmed, “How Itke a woman!" prob- ably had so exclusively masculine a1 angle of vislon that he was narrow and warped and incapable of understandin¥ even another man's attitude toward things it it were very dissimilar from his own. It has often been said a woman has no wense of humor. Whoever says it prob- ably has none: for, though woman I8 lkely to take herself a little too seri- there are unwillingness to see things as they are may lead to victory in the real: of what may be. And then as men, § il : I 2f i bEe i i i H would find It so if you could touch it But you could never get to it, for at a distance of 260,000 miles it would shrivel you up in an instant! Nevertheless, the rays that it sends to the earth are not, in themselves, hot. They impart, but do not possess, temperature. On thelr unobstructed way through space they are no more heat than the electrio impulses transmitted through a telephone wire are sound. Just as those impulses may be trans- formed into sound by setting a dlaphragm in motion, so the sun's rays are trans- formed into heat by setting the molecules of any body they fall upon Into vibration. The space through which the rays pass on their ninety-odd-million-mile journey i3 ;i : H i Have You a BUSINESS of Any Kind? or tough tendon, or sometimes, for no!to 15,000,000 de- reason whatever except its own sweet | grees Fahrenheit! to the earth is not heated by them be- cause it contains nothing that is capable Do You ADVERTISE most approved and horrible style, or | “jellity”” everything within half & yard | { of 1t, Including lungs, liver, kidney, heart | | or brains, if they happened to lie within | that radius. So that the boasted ‘hu- | manity” of the modern high-speed buliet was not what had been claimed, though a considerable proportion of its wounds were clean, bloodless and autonishingly | quick healing. | But the moment that the open air and | daylight fighting stopped and the mur- | dering underground in the dark began, another sinister influence came into play, | which changed the face of the game en- | trely, and swept half our notions of | modern military surgery onto the serap | heap. This was the horrible preponder- ance of wounds made by shell, shraj nel and other artillery high explosives, over all other sorts of injuries. For just plain dirty wounds which were too big or the tissues about them too| badly shattered to close, it was found that a speclal hot water irrigation dress- ing worked admirably, while for others | exposure to direct sunlight for several hours each day was the best cure, So that modemn surgery Is now equip- ped to deal with even the worst atrocijies of this devils brew called modern war, providing that there is enough patlent| left to keep the wounds together until they can be made to heal. short year of existence, has members in all parts of the world. The club badge- button is sent free to every one who signs its pledge, A number of teachers have set aside Friday afternoon as “Bird day,” when interesting and instructive programs of|!ish and French home hospitals which songs, essays, recitations, debates and compositions on birds and their habits are given. On this day the wdlls of the school room are decorated with the bird club pennants and wall cards. One teacher has found & short bird talk Of tiose who are left sufficiently in one plece to be carried off the fleld at all, only 3 per cent die, ninety-sevem out of every 100 recover. Of those who are whole enough to reach the base hospitals, 9 per cent recover, while there are Eng- have a record of thousands of wounded with a loss of only about four to the thousand. 4 Surgery is doing its best to save man from his own blood-madness, but it is only a melancholy sort of pride which it the first thing in the morning has greatly | can take in its will, it would either mushroom in the |This does not mean that the sun 18 6,000 times hotter at- one time than at another, but simply that the figures that caleulation gives as representing its temperature vary with the assumptions on which the calculation is based. The tendency now among men of sclence is to adopt the lower rather than the high- est estimates, and it is usually sald in present day textbooks that the tem- perature of the sun s probably 10,000 or 12,000 degrees. That is about three times as high as any artificial tempera- ture that we can produce. Sir lsaac Newton calculated the sun's temperature at near 4,000,000 degrees, Becchi made it 18,000,000 by one method of calculation, and only 260,00 by an- other. Ericsson, the inventor of the Monitor, thought Newton's method was best, and put the figures at from 4,000000 to 5,000000. The imates of Zoliner, Epoerer and Lane ranged from 5,000 to 100,000, and those of Poulllet, De- ville and Vicalre from 3,000 to 10,000, Pro- fessor Young thought 15,000 degrees was about the correct figure, The principal difficulty arises from the fact that we do not know for certain what is the law connecting the tempera- ture of the surface of a highly heated body with the amount of radiation that it gives off in a unit of time, say a sec ond. For bodies moderately hot, the sur- face temperature and the amount of ra- diation are almost directly proportional, and Newton assumed that this was true in all cases. But it has been discovered that, with hotter bodies, the radiation increases much faster than the temperature, so that the best authorities now reject New- ton’s and all the other excessively high estimates. At to your second question, your friend s right only in & certain sense. The sun is not cold, but extremely hot, and you of being set into molecular vibration by their impact. Heat is a state in which the invisibly minute particles, of which all matter s made up, are kept in more or less violent agitation among themselves. This agita- tion produces vibrations in the all-envel- oping ether, and these etheric vibrations traveling swiftly away in ail directions from the heated body constitute what we call radiation, or radlant energy. Striking upon a colder body the radia- tion reproduces in it molecular agitation milar to that which the first heated body possessed. As this is the way in which the sun affects the earth—by sending radlation through the ether capable of producing vibration, or agi- tation, called heat—we see that the sun itself must be a hot body, although the rays which its heat gives rise to are not themselves hot. It is the same with the sun's lght. The rays of light are not light in them- selves. For instance, to show what is meant, suppose you werc placed out in empty space, facing so that you would look sidewise at the light rays passing from the sun to the earth, You would not see them at all. You could only see them If you looked directly at the sun, s0 that the rays would enter your ey and, striking upon the retina, produce there the impression of lMght. The rays passing by and not entering your eyes would be invisible, because, in open space, there is no medium ilke the satmosphere to scatter the rays in all di- rections and thus produce an illumination all around. The sky at night Is full of passing sunbeams and starbeams, a vast and inextricable web of radiations, but they lie beyond the limits of the atmos- phere, and only those are transformed | sry into light which, by reflection from a | K] planet. in the case of sunbeams, or by | S0 coming straight into the eye from the star, directly affect the nerves of vision. That Business? 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