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HE public library represents the spirit of the age. The time has arrived where a city’s stage of advancement may be de- termined by its attitude toward the public library. It makes a city or town a far more desirable place of resi dence and thus attracts the best class of citizens More than any other agency, it eleve the general standard of intelli- gence and brings the benefits of higher education to the masses whom neither the church nor the high schools able reach.” These Crunden es are to were the words of Frederick M. of the St. Louis Public School library before the lowa Library society's annual meeting several years ago. What was true then is equally true today. That a free public library was one of the chief factcrs in the upbuilding of a city has never been lost sight of by the citizens of Council Bluffs. The library movement in Council Bluffs, which received its first impetus when the city was emerging from what might be termed a frontier outfitting pcst, has passed through successive stages and many vicissitudes until within the near future Council Bluffs will be able to proudly point to a $70,000 building, the permanent home of the city's free public library. While this building, when erected, will stand as a monument to the munificence of Andrew Carnegie, it will also testify to the advancement of the city. The offer of Mr. Carnegie to donate $70,000 for a library building in Council Bluffs was based on certain conditions. The principal condi- tion was that the city pledge the levying annually of a sum not less than $7,000 to maintain the library. Realizing the great advantage of the building to the com- munity which they represented, the alder- men hesitated not a moment in enacting the proper legislation to bind the munieci- pality to comply with this condition. An- ticipating the willingness of Mr. Car- negie to donate a sum sufficient for a suit- able library for the city, the library board with the acquiescence of the city council had taken the necessary steps for the acquisition of a site by the levying of sufficient tax to purchase the requisite property. The library movement in Council Bluffs, which had its first start in 1866, has since that date passed through successive stages. The first effort toward a public library re- sulted in the organization of the Young Men’'s Library association in May, 1866, of which the late W. H. M. Pusey was the first president. The succeeding year the late Chancellor L. W. Ross was president Frank M. Streamer was librarian and the library was located in what was then known as the Empire block, on Broadway. Several hundred books were collected by donation and purchase and the library was in a fair way of getting- a start when disaster overtook it. On June 26, 1867, the Empire block was destroyed by fire and with it the library of the association. For four years Council Bluffs was without a public library. In 1870 Superintendent Allen Armstrong of the High school formed the nucleus for a library for the benefit of the pupils from funds obtained by the graduating exercises, and he succeeded in organizing the Council Bluffs High School Library association. This was in the lat- ter part of 1870. The late Horace Everett, one of the leading spirits in the library movement, assisted the association by the donation of several hundred volumes from his private library. In May of the year following the scope of the library was enlarged by its incorpo- Delegates to the Convention of the Nebraska Association of County Commissioners, from Council Bluffs Free Public Library D. C. BLOOMER, BRARY BOARD 1902. PRESIDENT LI- FROM 1892 TO W. 8. BAIRD, TRUSTEE BLUFFS LIBRARY. COUNCIL ration under the title of the Council Bluffs Public Schcol library. The incorporators were Horace Everett, Allen Armstrong, George S. Massey, Anna Foos, Lucy Rider, Augustine Hart, D. C. Bloomer, D. B. Dailey and B. W. Hight. In 1873 an ar- rangement was made whereby the library was removed from the High school build- ing to the rooms of the Young Men’s Chris- tian association in the Woodbury building on Pearl street. This arrangement was brought about mainly through the efforts of Horace Everett, who was anxious to see the building up of a free library in the city. Donations and subscriptions were so- licited, the reading room was well sup- plied with papers and periodicals and addi- tions were made to the library. William T. Robinson of the Young Men's Christian association gave his services as librarian. Later, at different intervals, the post of librarian was filled by Miss Fairman, Miss Bayliss and William D. Turner. This ar- rangement between the Public School li- brary and the Young Men's Christian asso- ciation continued with but slight change for a period of five years. The next step was the organization, in March, 1878, of the Council Bluffs Library asscciation. The incorporators were Horace MRS. D. B. DAILEY, LIBRARIAN, COUN CIL BLUFFS PUBLIC LIBRARY—Photo by a Staff Artist, Everett, D, C. Bloomer, A. W. Street, D. B. Dailey, B. W. Hight, J. F. Evans, W. H. Hatch, C. W. Munger. Realizing the im- portance of having the assistance of the women, the incorporators at their first election of directors selected the following seven women to act on the board: Mrs Horace Everett, who today is a member of the board of trustees of the free public library; Mrs. G. M. Dodge, Mrs. N. P. Dodge, Mrs, N. M. Pusey, Mrs. A. W. Street, Mrs. J. W. Chapman, Mrs. Henry Osborne. The first officers were: Presi- dent, Mrs. Horace Everett; vice president, Mrs. G. M. Dodge; secretary, Mrs. N. M. Pusey; treasurer, A. W. Street; superin- tendent, D. C. Bloomer; librarian, Mrs. Maria F, Davenport. The library started out with about 1,500 volumes and the city council allowed $156 a month for the rent of a room for the use of the library. Mr. Everett donated the use of a room on the condition that the allowance by the city council be devoted to the purchase of books. The women went energetically to work, and by means of a series of entertain- ments swelled the treasury and thus enabled the purchase of a large number of books. The women, however, did not stop here. In 18756 an eflort had been made to levy a tax for the maintenance of the library, but had failed. In 1880 the women decided to make another appeal to estab- lish the library on a permanent basis by having the city vote an annual tax for its maintenance, as provided by law. The proper ordinance was passed to submit the proposition to a public vote, but there came a hitch. The mayor, acting on the opinion of the city attorney, refused in his elec~ tion proclamation to include the proposi- tion. The directors had their tickets printed and the proposition carried by a handsome majority. The city council then rcfused to proclaim the result, and the courts were appealed to and a mandamus was lssued ordering the city council to levy the tax, and the following year wit- nessed the establishment of the Council Bluffs Free Public library. The property of the Council Bluffs Library association was turned over to the city for the public library by the trustees and life members on condition that if the city should at any time fail to maintain the free public library the property so turned over should revert to the Council Bluffs Library association. The ordinance to establish a Free Public library was passed November 28, 1881, ana HORACE EVERETT, ONE FOUNDERS OF THE BLUFFS8 LIBRARY. OF THE COUNCIL M. O COUNCIL BRARY. ROHRER, PRESIDENT BLUFFS8 PUBLIC LI- a municipal tax of one-half mill was levied by the city council. The following nine trustees were appointed by the city council: Horace Everett, D. C. Bloomer, Thomas Officer, Jefferson P. Casady, Joseph R. Reed, John H, Keatley, Rev. Cyrus Hamlin, A. W. Strecet and W, R, Vaughan, Horace Bverett was elected as the first president and Mrs. M. F. Davenport as librariam, The rate of taxation of one-half mill wae continued in 1882, 1883 and 1884, and in 1886 was raised to 1 mill. Under the present law the board, by the consent of the city council, is empowered to levy not exceed- ing 2 mills for the maintenance of the library. The levy this year was only 1% Horace Everett remained as prenldent—nf the board of trustees from 1882 until 1890, when he was succeeded by Dr. Don Macrae, sr. In 1892 Hon. D. C. Bloomer succeeded Dr. Macrae as president and continued to act as such until his death, February 24, 1900, when ex-Mayor M. F. Rohrer wi elected to the position. Mr. Rohrer was re-elected in 1900, 1901 and 1902, and s consequently now serving his third term as president of the board, which consists of Finley Burke, W, 8. Baird, Father Pat- (Continued on Seventh Page.) a Photo by a Staff Artist