Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, October 14, 1901, Page 5

THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: MONDAY, O( "TOBER 14, 1901 THE FIELD OF ELECTRIUITY | Niagara Falls Outolassed by the Pew Plant on the Bt Lawrenos, FACTS ABOUT THE NEW DEVELOPMENT Distribution of Urban Population Af- fected by the Trolley and the Telephone—Progre Other es. The power plant receutly fnstalled at Massena, N. Y., by which some of the power of the 8t. Lawrence Is converted into elec- | tricity, fs pronounced much larger and su perior to that at Nlagara Falls. It has | been under construction for five years, is capable of producing 75,000 horse power | and represents an outlay of $4,000,000, The water is conveyed from the St. Law- rence by a canal 265 feet wide and twenty- five feet deep for a distance of three miles to the De Grasse river, by which it s con- veyed again to the Lawrence. As it tumbles from the canal toward the De | Grasse river it passes through a number of | turbine wheels and thereby performs its | function. The forebay next to the power | Bouee fs 352 feet wide, and in this the water | stands at a depth of twenty-five feet. From the forebay the water passes through mas sive iron racks into the turbine chambers, | Here, in cavernlike npartments, seven in number, are situated the immense turbines. | Each unit consists of six wheels, in sets of | two, and each will develop 6000 horse | power. The wheels are the largest made | in the Vietor type. The shaft, which ex- | tends through the wall and connects with the generators, fs eightly feet long and | twelve and one-half inches in diameter. | Bach chamber is controlled from the power house by a Gelssler automatic electrie gov. | ernor, ‘situated over each shaft, and the | speed can be regulated as desired, or each chamber can be operated independently of the others. This dividing wall through | which the shaft extonds 18 nothing less than | A huge concrete dam twenty-one and a half | feet thick at the base. The walls of the | turbine chambers are protected from the | action of the water by Toque waterproof | paint, which Is alternated with coats of plaster for five thicknesses. Each chame ber fa provided with gates {mmediately back of the racks to exclude the water when repairs are necessary. The gates are bullt | of Misstssippl pine and are operated from above. The pressure of the water will close and make them absolutely tight. From the wheels the water passes be- neath, through draught tubes. Each tube | 18 eleven and one-half feet in diameter and shoots the volume of water out through the | arches at the rear of the building to flow (nto the De Grasse river. Capacity of the Power House. In the power house nearly all the space, 852x82 feet, 1s taken up by the huge gen- erators. A gallery extends the length of the south side of the bullding overlooking | the huge machines, and on this will be the switchboards. The generators themselves are ranged upon the solid rock foundation along the center of the building. They stand 21% feet high and welgh 427,000 pounds each. The spider and shaft, or the | rovolving portion of the generator alone, | welghs 155,000 pounds. These generators are each of three-phase revolving Fleld typo, with external armature, 5,000 hors power output, 2200 volts, 3,700 amperes and a revolution of 150 a minute. At the east end of the power house are three wmaller generators used as exciters for the flelds of the Yargo onés, or of each other, from the forcbay to the tail race. They wre oach of 300 kilo watts, electric motor force of 125 volts, 2,400 amperes and a revolution of 276 & minute. The control- 1ing station for all of the generators is a pulpititke construction upon the platform at the east end of the building. The switches for the alternating current will be operated electro-pneumatically, and for the exciters a standard direct current awltchboard will be installed with hand- operating switches. All indicating instru- ments will be placed In sight of the oper- ator, and direct control is had of each and | all of the hugo generators from this sta- tion. Under fte franchise the company can de- flect from tho St. Lawrence river all the ater 1t can possibly need—enough, In fact, ta give ft unlimited power. That portion of the St. Lawrence where the Intake Is | situated {s near the beginning of the Little Suult rapids, fn the south channel, whieh is unuavigable. ' The steamboat channel is on the opposite side of Long Sault fsland and i unaffected by the canal. Specimen of Nerve, Telephone companies take a great many liberties with roofs and back yards they do not own in the national capitsl and they invade alleys with small respect for the posscesors of contiguous property, but gen- erally they are obliged to put their wires under ground owing to the law against ereoting any new poles in the streets. But they occasionally meet with disagreeable oppoeition to plans involving vandalism. An apolication wae recently made by a telephone company to the district com- missioners for permission to remove a treo In front of a house on East Capitol street It was stated by the application that the tree interfered greatly with the telephone wires and that the owner of the premises had given his consent to its destruction. This extraordinary request was turned over to the engineer commissioner, who presently replied that “the trees of the olty are one of its most attractive features, serving to make Washington one of the | fares usually amount to conside most beautiful cities in the country the growth of trees is a their full growth not being attained until after years of waiting, and that the con missioners feel that the request that a tre in a public street be that matter of time cut down simply for as closely as possible. The horse car ot hose days was at best a poor thing, and It was not until the coming of the swifter trolley that it was possible for the ordinary | man of busin laborer to llve more than half a mile, or such a matter, from the convenlence of stringing wires is very | the seene of his ¥ task. Today all this inconsiderate of the public interests 1t | 18 changed, and as a consequence the resi- was further recommended by this vexed | dence district in all such cities has vastly officer that If the wires are now in the trees | extended, and people not uncommonly live the company be notified that they must b anywh from ten to twenty miles away removed and relocated, € as not fere with the tree, date of notice. to tnter within thirty days from ectricity and Population, The rapld expansion in area of American cities, especially those of the second cl without what would twenty years ago have been thought a proportionate population, is one of the striking and hope- ful signs of the times, says the Milwaukee Increase in | ple from their places of business “To double the radius of a city means to increase It area four times. The trolley, by its duplication and triplication of the city radius, has enabled very large terrie tories to be included in the suburban dis- tricts of towns, with the result that houses have plenty of room around them, the peo are no longer compelled to live close together, and to this degree a very impor- tant social revolution has been wrought, entinel. Cltles are largely losing their |and, fndeed, is still in process of extension. former character of densely packed and | No one can deny the benefits of a freer lite unsanitary hives, at once workink places |and the immense social sanitary and other and dwelling places, tending to become | advantages which have followed the intro- more and more congested with the increas- ing demand for labor in the business dis- tricte. Towering tenement houses and continuous rows of dwellings unrelieved by Intervening patches of greensward, already have an air of the past, and urban boundary lines, once so sharply defined, disappear with the growing tendency of city and country to merge Imperceptibly into each other. Obviously the direct cause of this sudden and salutary expanelon in area of | the once over-crowded and inelastic | and of the tendency to remove residetis city. | districts, even those occupled by the labor- fug classes, farther and farther from busi- negs centers, is the application of electricity to means ot transit aud communication The trolley car and the telephone are the twin agents that have wrought within the memory of most of us changes which indi- cato a radical and beneficlal distrib our population In the not distant future In the gradua) redistribution the trolley car, with its rapid trausit and inexpensive service, has, of course, been the more potent agent of the two. It has built up countless new suburban districts, and bas expanded urban boundaries until all euburbs and out- lylng towns and hamlets fall well witha the limits of the citics. The worker who was once compelled to live within fair walking dfstance of the factory or the ehop, and often in a crowded tenement, with its on of duction of the trolley car, and the subse- quent extension of residence nelghborhoods. “But another agency has not been idle, The principal objection to country life has | been its loneliness and the absence of those | conveniences which differentiate the city house from the country residence. The loneliness, by which i meant the lack of intercourse with neighbors, has been In a great degree removed by the telephone. Perhiaps the best work that the independent telephone movement has accomplished has been the popularization of the telephone and its Introduction at low rates into sparsely-settled nelghborhoods, thus re. moving the bugbear of isolation which has been so long a complaint of the rural rest- dent. But the telephone has dome more for those living in the country and in the country districts surrounding cities than to furnish them a means for soclal conversa- tlon. 1t has proved itself a very practical and valuable addition to the farmer's means for making a living. By putting him in immediate touch with his markets, whether for selling or for buying, it enables him to conduct his business in a much more businesslike way than formerly, when the isolated gardner or truckman loaded his vehicle in the early hours of the moruing with the produce of the flelds and drove to town without the slightest idea of what he would receive for it, or whether he could sell it at all.” obvious dangers and discomforts, now has N ote his home, with its grass plot and garden, miles away from the smoke and noise and Current Notes. for the first time in the history logging electricity will be used Probubly of May nwholesome conditions of the business | of, Matne lowking electrieiy Wil BL fom BLry .. That great benefits, moral and | the woods to a river landing. An l‘ll'l‘lh: physical, to the community, resulted | traction enginé is now being constructed for from the application of electricity to trace tlon will hardly be denled. It is predicted by students of the subject that the changes | becn of already initiated are only the forerunners of greater ones, and that, with the perfec- tion of the new eystem of transit, citles, as places of resider will virtually disap- pear, “‘owing to the redistribution o popu- lation in a more sanitary and altogether | more desirable way.” A state waich would combine, without sacrifice on either side, urban and rural advantages might well be the deal one. tern nn Ratlways Mr. Guy Morrison Walker has written an Interesting article for the New York Finan- cler on the contest between steam and elec- tricity, and his investigation has convinced him that the “building of steam roads will from this time decrease, and the great sup ply of steam road securities that has satis- fled the investment demand of the past will diminish, while in thelr place will be offered for some years to come an fncreass ing volume of the securities of interurban electric railwaye.”” This fact, he says, should lead trust companies, bankers and investors generally to investigate the In- trinsic value of the securities of the Inter- urban raflways now In operation, and to discover if possible something to thelr fu. ture by investigating the conditions under which they are now competing for traffic In their respective territories. He also makes the polnt that the earnings of inter- | urban lines are not so quickly nor so ses verely affected In times of industrial de. pression as are the earnings of the steam | roads. The reason for this is easy to sce, for when people begin to economize they naturally first curtall those disbursements which are heaviest, and as the steam road able suis, their payment {s heavy and i early cut off, while the fares of the Interurban road, belng small and light in comparison with the steam road fares hardly felt, and, as a consequence, trafic on interurban roads continues heavy long after a consid- erable shrinkage has been noticed in the travel over steam lines In Mr. Walker's opinion the electric lines will be forced Into the carrlage of freight and express, and that ft will in their case, as it has been In the case of the steam roads, prove to be the most profitable branch of their trafie. The possibilities of the development of this class of business when the electric lines shall have been connected into systems, and when thelr roadbed and equipments are standardized 0 that they will be enabled to exchangs trafic with steam roads, are so great that it 1s idle to speculate concerning them. Trolley a elephoue, “The trolley car,” says the Electrical Re- view, “has been perhaps the largest agent in the redistribution of population, making it possible for the people who work in the crowded districts of cities to live at con- slderable distances away and enjoy the very great advantages of suburban lite, This s particularly noticeable in clties of the in- termediate size. Twenty years ago cities of the second class were much condensed in area, for the reason that practically everyone walked to and from his place of work, and for this reason the residence areas crowded upon the business districts “My hair now measures just 4 feet 6 inches in length. What Ayer's Hair Vigor has done for me I certainly believe it will do for others,” AMELIA PETTEGREW, Oelrich, 8, Dak. Always Restores “My hair was turning gray very f; Color t, but Ayer's Hair Vigor has completely restored it to its natural color," Miss 8. ALLEN, Kellerton, Iowa. Hoair Vigor vee on a tract of land in the Dead river fon. A high-speed efectric rallway has recently e, hetween Milan and Varese, taty, ‘Tho distance of Atty miles s covered | ty minutes, the train reaching a speed OF Wixty aix miles an hour. The third rail ind four motor ears are used. Power 18 ob- \ined from the Tielno at Tornavento. alue of the wircless telegraph at sea demonstrated when the Cam- d one_another able to communi- hundred miles. al about the sighting cebergs before they sighted cach other \d when they were thirty-five miles apart neh electrical journal of standing that at a rallway station in Vienna have a phonograph which calls out in htorfan tones particnlars of the traing time to time. The work was formerly {done by a rallway porter, but as the phono- | raph controfled b tricity he has How only to press button and start the instrument The Chicago G | pany contempla | tric motor pow ice within a D other for with each d the othe t Western Rallway com- s the installation of elec r for all Ity suburban serv- dius of hirty miles Paul, This new departure i8 a for Nt he eveltitian Ih suburban. traffic and local ‘raliway transportation, It means steam rallronds for the long haul and elec- trie rail for the short haul. the nut-cracking industry considerable number ng three plants in the are driven by elec- individually into After the shells are cracked re winnoyed by an airblast and the et T pieked Trom the erushed shels by hand, women and girls being employ | for this purt ot the work. Before the end of the y | wiil be put in operation on th |'r:\\r)1I‘| of the Lake Shore Elestric company weopars ‘will run 1o from Detroit, B, to Cleveland, O.. ¥ to To fedo. “Through trains with % will run between Cleveland and Detrof 18 prom- | ised Christmas. This will b Tong- | vt electrie road in the ‘world when com- | pleted from Detroft to Plttsburs. | A practic of storage batterles in Hu:llrlrhluu< notice of the Selen- | tific, American \tleman in Connecti- cut has a small aunch operated by a stor- | fige hattery: this is charged in the daytime, |and when not n use the boat I8 tled to th | dock from which fe | with the storage battery in t | house, a_short dis: {11k he thus uses the batter | light the house and finds it a ver fuctory arrang —_——e KIMBALL HAS THE PLANS Consulting Architect of the Audito- rium Company Has Not Finished Inspection of Latenser's Work, tricity, | the- crus the nuts ar sleepin Thomas R. Kimball, consulting architect of the Auditorium company, returned Satur- day from St. Louis, where he had been in consultatiop with the board of architects of the Louislana Purchase exposition. In regard to the Omaha Auditorium plans Mr. Kimball said: “These plans at present are in my possession. As consulting archi- tect of the ways and means committee I must make the investigation of them fuil and complete in every detall. I bave not at this time completed the lnvestigation into the detalls. When 1 bave done so—which will probably be by the middle of the week -1 will turn the plans and the recommen- datfons over to the ways and means com- mittee of the Auditorium company. FIRE RECORD. SAN JOSE, Cal, Oct. 13.—The must de- structive fire in the history of Los Gatos occurred at an early hour this morning. The entire business section of the town was wiped out. The area covered by the fire is estimated at about four blocks. Property variously estimated in value at from $100,000 to $150,000 was completely destroyed. Several manufacturing plants, livery stable and many dwellings were buorned. The fire department was inade- quate to cope with the flames, which stopped only when all the fuel at hand was exhausted. A number of men were {ujured, but none serfously, Beatrice lcehouse BEATRICE, Neb., Oct. 13.—(Special Tele- gram.)—Fire at 6 o'clock tonlght destroyed the large icehouse of Franklin Salts on West Sumner street. Loss, $1,500; Insur- ance, $300. The fire {s thought to have originated from carelessness of boys who were smoking cigarettes around the place previous to the fire. Mr. Salts had another policy, for $700, which expired a day or 50 2go and had not besn renewed. Horner's Notlon Hous: BALTIMORE, Oct, 13.—Fire, which oc- curred today in the notion house of John A. Horner & Co., caused a loss of $70,000, fully covered by insurance Entries Close Novem -, JW YORK, Oct. 13,—The Coney Island key club announces that entries for the following stakes will close on November 15 next r the June meeting, and the Surf stakes. For the June meeting, the Mermaid 1902; The Foam 193: The Tidal, d the Lawrence Realization stikes. or (he autumn meeting, 19: The Great ¥ 198, and after; ly and the Century stakes. For the autumn mestings The Annual Champion stakes. ‘or the June meeting, 19; The Lawrence Reallzation stakes, - | known as “select | charged. SCHOOL FACTS AND TOPICS | ey | Foatures of Educational Progress Marking | the Fall Opening. COST OF SCHOOLS IN GREATER NEW YORK Details the Hawnii=Business Con of Sehool System leges=Henalth of and Teachers, Statistics compiled by Superintendent Robertson of the publie schools of Brooklyn N. Y., show a marked Increase in attend- ance, compared with the two preceding | years. At the close of the first week of school in September, 1899, the attendance was 151,312; in 1900, 165,092, and this vear, 163,063, the latter being an increase of $,000 In reglstration, more than double that ot the year previous. The latter figures were | about 2,000 greater than were looked for. According to the budget prepared by the Central Board of Education for school puy poses in Greater New York for 1902 the Board of Estimate will be asked to provide | the sum of $20,682,606.50, divided between the general fund of $15,664584.80 and the special fund of $4,917,971.70. The general | fund, out of which the teachers are paid, ts practically mandatory under the now law, while the special fund, which takes care of the business branch of the school system, {s more or less permissive on the part of the Board of Estimate. The gen- eral fund is divided between Manhattan and the Bronx, $8,029,806.93; Brooklyn, $5,348,- 676.69; Queens, $1,019,203.84; Richmond, $338,75743, and the Board of Education, £25,000. Hawall's School System, One of the first questions asked of a rest dent of a new territory by people of the atates Is “What kind of schools have you?" Fortunately the residents of Hawail can answer this question most satisfactorily and with pride in the answer, reports the Honolulu Republican. The school system of the islands dates back to the year 1843, when the department of education was organized and put in | charge of a cabluct minister. The first minister of education was Dr. Armstrong, ' and to his work Is to be credited the orig- inal lnes of Hawall's educational system. At the present time there are 140 public schools taught by 352 teachers, and con- taining 11,501 children. There are fifty-five private schools taught by 207 teachers pro- | ¢unogl mistresses of America by an idea re- | viding for 4,036 children. Thus the schuol | con(ly advanced at the National Congress | population attending school is there | of Women Teachery at Bonn,” says the | are 8,074 male puplls and 6,963 female. Of | opjcago Chronicle. = “Dr. Friedrich Zim- | this total 4,677 are Hawallans, 2,631 are |morn. after considerable study and investi- | part Hawallan. The Portuguese have 3,800 | gatjon, has come to the belief that women | children in the schools Japanese, 1352 | jeachers in Germany at least are particus Chinese, 1,289, and the rematnder 18 divic among the American and European Under the old order of things the schools taught In Hawall were known mon schools” and were free. Those taught in English were called “'select schools” and | In these a small tuition fee was charged. | About fitteen years ago it was decided to close out all that remained of the former as fast as it could be done without crip- | pling the service, and somewhat latej, as a | necessary result of raising all the fchoole | to the grade of what had been formerly schools,” tultion in all public schools were made entirely free. In most cases the change from the old “com- mon" to the “select” school was made nt the request of the natlyes themselves. The Iast school taught in Hawallun, a small affair on the island of Nilhau, was changed to an English school at the beginning of the present school year. It should be added that school attend- | ance between the ages of 6 and 15 years is compulsory, and that the law in this re- spect is enforced by a system o® truant officers or school police in each district It is entirely optional with parents or guar dians whether they send their children to a Rovernment or an independent school, but within the ages named they must go to | sote school and that with a reasonable de- gree of regularity The tultion in the government schools is, | therefore, entirely free. Among the pri- vate schools a small fee is generally A high school was established in 1865 on the property which formerly be- longed to the Princess Ruth, and after- ward to Mre. Bernice P. Bishop. The man- sion was fitted up for school purposes, making one of the handsomest high school buildings this side of the Rocky mountains. The teachers emploved in the public schools are of varied nationalties. There are 100 of Hawailan blood, 175 of American, forty British, four German, nine Scandina- vian, twenty Portuguese and four of other natlonalties, a | as “‘com- | Business Co wes in Collegen. “The action of the officials of the Uni- versity of Chicago in adding a ‘college of commerce and administration’ to the regu- lar curriculum of that Institution,” says the Chicago News, “is a significant move in keeping with the times. Already the Uni- versity of Wisconsin has established a val- uable department of this sort. Several years ago when {t was seen that the rapid extension of manufacturing and industrial enterprises was bound to create a great demand for techmical experts a number of new manual training and technological schools came into existence, and the wis- dom of thelr founders has been abundantly demonstrated, Just as there is need for special training in the field of industrial art, a epeclal education is necessary to the young man who intends to step im- mediately from his college into the active life of the business or mercantile world. “It 1s significant that simultaneously with the announcement of the new plans for the University of Chicago comes the news of a #imilar undertaking in England. In a cable- gram to the News, published last Wednes- day, ts London correspondent presented the outline of a plan projected by the Lons don Chamber of Commerce. It is the inten- tion of the English commercial men, who will have the co-operation of business men in other countries, to establish a com- mercial school with a special view to fitting young men for a career in business. The course will include instruction in certain modern languages and lectures on the prac- tical details with which every merchant must acquaint himself If he is to win suc~ cess. So far as possible the method ems ployed in banking and foreign exchange, office methods, maratime affairs, as they pertain to commercial dealings; marine in- surance, variations in business methods as practised in different countries, and other kindred topies will be brought up for cons sideration. “It cannot be doubted that in an indus- trial age when the largest rewards are to be won in business and the ambition of young men is so largely directed toward business success some such addition to the ordinary courses of university education Is destined to become almost indispensuble,” Schools and Contaglous Discases. The recent opening of the public schools has led some citles to take special precau tlons against the spread through that means of infectious diseases like diphtheria, scar- let fever, measles, etc. Of these diphtheria is probably the most dreaded, and experis ence has shown that it often gains its strongest foothold through schools. Chil- dren between the 2nd 14 years are chiefly liable to it, it is very con- tagious and easily transmissible, the health autborities and teachers o every city | should co-operate to exclude it from the {a clreular giving | cular is read to the different schools by the | | allowed in his or her room until after the | house has been thoroughly disintected and | | soever depends to a certain extent on the schools. In some cities it has been found that the two or three months following the opening of the schools have been marked | by a decided increase in the number of diphtheria cases. In Baltimore the health | commissioner sends to the principal of | every school in the city on Monday and Thursday of each week during the term the surname and street address of every person in the city aficted with diphtherfa or scarlet fever. This ci principals and turned over to the | teachers, whose it i to see that no child from any of the aflicted homes is then pronounced entirely free from the germs of dlsease by the health department. In W ington diphtheria was prevalling to some extent when the schools opened, three schools fn the vieinity having been closed on account of it, and the health board issued a general clrcular of instruction on f the subject to parents and teachers. The following extract from the circular is of general interest “One great difficulty comes in tho early recognition of the disease; the laity has not yet become educated o belleve generally | that the mildest sore throat may be of | diphtheritic origin, yet such is in fact the case. Whether an infection with diphtheria bacilli will result in the development of a membrane, with swelling of the throat and | neck and severe prostration; whether it | will result merely in a mild sore throat, or | whether it will produce no symptoms what- susceptibility of the person attacked. Tho wdisease may, therefore, vary from the mild- | est imaginable sore throat up to the se- ( verest possible type of old-fashfoned diphe therfa. In fact, people showing no symp- | toms whatever may carry finfectfon. A | perfod during which patients who have suf- fered from diphtheria, but who have re. covered from all symptoms, are liable to spread this disease exists in all cases, the infective organism remaining in the throats for a considerable length of time after the membrane has disappeared. Of course, the danger of infection being due chiefly to the discharge from the nose and throat, t danger of the spread of the discase exists chiefly fn those cases in which such clinfcal J mptoms are present, and {s to a certain extent in proportion to their erity. In- | fection through the use of dishes, drinking | cups, ete., may, however, occur in any case, | and it s protable that Infection through | Arinking cups, lead pencils and direct per- sonul contact fs the chief source through which the disease is spread from mild cases in a school.” Health “No little stir has been created among the | of Ten re. larly subject to lunacy and other m-‘nl,lli disorders. “A tabulated list of data received in reply | to letters sent to various insane asylums | shows that throughout the rman-speak- | ing world out of eighty or ninety patients in lunatic asylums one has been a teacher. According to German statisties there s one teacher In e y 350 women. It would seem, then, that the danger of mental dis- eases with teachers is four times greater than in any other walk of life. “An important point of Dr. Zimmern's report is that among those girls who are preparing to teach the percentage of those | who break down mentally {s even much greater than those who have entered upon their work as teachers. The Prussian min- fster of public instruction is looking Into the matter and has already decided that aminations shall take less account of the results of cramming and more note shall be made of general intelligence. “Although there are no statistics of the sanity or insant*y of teachers in America doubtless if the facts im the case could be | ascertained the showing would be far more | favorable to the American than to the Ger- man teacher. The hours spent in the school room here are much shorter than in Germany and better salaries are pald, which | means better food, better social opportuni- ties and more desirable forms of recrea- tion, al! of which tends to sanity. “Each year since the civil war a higher grade of teachers has met the increast demand. Before the civil war few, if any, lady teachers had had a college education Few knew anything of scientific methods of instruction. All that is now changed to the advantage of the teacher who goes be- fore her class not with nervous apprehen- sion, but with an assurance based on intel ligence and intelligent methods. Tt 1s true that tenfold more s required of a teacher than was demanded thirty years ago, but better preparation makes the requirements proportionately easy. “If statlstics could bo obtained it would be interesting to compare the school mis- tresses of Amerlca with those of Germany in point of health. Temperaments differ, but the environment is certainly in favor ot the Amerlcan teacher.” J. Odgers of Frostburg, Md., writge: *T had a very bad attack of kidney complaint and tried Foley's Kidney Cure, which gave me immediate relief, and I was perfectly cured after takiog two bottles.” Be sure you take Foley's, OTHERS ESTIMATE THE WHEAT Department of Agriculture Gives Out the Yield Tables Compiled Abroad. WASHINGTON, Oct. 13.—The Depnrtment of Agriculture announces that the three most important estimates of the world's wheat crop of 1801 so far made agree tha: the erop fs larger than in efther of the two preceding years. Tho estimates follow: Hungarlan ministry of agriculture, 2,671~ 360,000 bushels of sixty pounds; Heer- bohm's_ corn list of London, 1,600,000 bushels of clxty pounds, and Bulletin des Halles' of Paris, 2,760,810,000 Winchester bushels Our department withholds its opinion as to the degree in which the world's crop has been approximated in any of these estimates until a considerably larger num- ber of official returns is avallable, The official Hungarian estimate says the crop exceeds last year's by 20,888,000 bushels of sixty pounds, or by 212,430,000 Win- chester bushels. According to Beerbohm, the excess over last year's crop is 200,200, 000 bushels of sixty pounds, and, according to the Bulletin des Halles, the excess is 117,000,000 Ofcial reports from the Russian ministry of finance received at the Agricultural de- partment state that not for a long time have meteorological conditions in Russia been so serviceable to the cereal crops as the season concluded with the harvest of 1901. These advices estimate the fol- lowing yleld for 1601: Wheat 311,112,000 bushels of sixty pounds, agalnst an aver- age of 415,796,000 for the years 1898-1509 and of the final official figures of 422,993,000 bushels for the total wheat crop in 1900, The rye estimate_ls 706,357,000 bushels of Afty-six pounds and oats 756,110,000 bushels of thirty-two pounds, against 20,132,000 bushels and 853,695,000 bushels respectively for 1900, Backache should never be neglected. It means kidney disorder, which, if allowed to run too long, may result in Bright's disease, diabetes or other serious and often fatal complaints. Foley's Kidoey Cure makes the kidpeys well, 1 12 Send in your order now. special offers, 8old at Drug Stores. THE COMMON ENEMY ... Kidney disease is the enemy we have most to fear as a result of the 4 feverish restlessness of our modern civilization. It s & treacherous enemy, working out its deadly effect under cover of the most triffing symptoms. The first indication of changes in the urlne, frequent head- aches, digestive troubles, should be the signal for prompt remedial measures. PRICKLY ASH BITTERS is a kidney remedy of great merit. 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