Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, September 19, 1901, Page 9

| gt e 1N THE FIELD OF ELECTRICITY Results of Weather Bureau Experiments in Wireless Telography. TROLLEYS IN THE DOMAIN OF STEAM Local Attaeka on the Sapremacy of the Locomotive~Britain's Tele- phone System—Fishing by Electric Light, Prof. R. A. Fessenden, who has been in éharge of the weather bureau experiments in wireless telography since January, 1900, has been so successful that the bureau will s00n be able to make use of a system fully the equal of that of any department in any other country. In the Electrical World aud Engineer, Prof. Fessenden says re- ding his experiments: In the first place, it has been found possible in several ways to get over the old difficulty which troubled Hertz and later experimenters, 1. e. that when the apark length was increased beyond a cer- tain length the discharge became no longer oscillatory. An eloctrical device was in- vented, which on belug applied directly to the sending wire measured directly the amount of energy radiated. A curve was then plotted, showing the relation between spark longth and energy radiated, and it was found (hat the curve gave a sharp bend with a spark about one fnch in length and no further Increase of radiation could | be obtained. Different kinds of coils with | difterent primaries and secondaries, differ. ent methods of producing the voltage, dif- ferent kinds of gases and fluid insulators in which the balls were immersed different kinda of arrangements of the te minals were tried, but all without success But ‘finally the solution was found, with the result that with the later apparatus an amount of radiation sixteen times as great as that got with the ordiuary twelve-inch | coll and one-inch spark was obtained. This means, of course, greater sending distance and it may be mentioned here that tran misslon without the use’of transformers, Inductive devices, cylinders or any other Apparatus for ralsing the voltage has been accomplished over distance of fifty miles without uging more than a fraction of the avallable energy. The same result was also accomplished In two other ways. “Other work done by the weather bu- reau has been along the line of producing a noninterfering system. The admirable and beautiful work of Mr. Marconi*has Tesulted In a system by which within cer- tain llmits messages can be sent without Interference. But one great objection has been found in the weatber burean experi- ments to this method, although it is de- scribed In some of the earlier patents of the weather bureau experimenters. That 1s, that while it is no doubt possible, under certalu conditions, to send and recelve in- dividual messages, yet by connecting two brass semi-circles to a motor revolving at several thousand revolutions per min- ute, it is possible to make what may be called an. electrical siren, which runs up and down a scale of seven or elght octaves eeveral thousand times o minute and which, as at some period of the scale it gives a note corresponding to any given syntonized receiver, 18 consequently able to stop all conimunication, when used In conjunction with the apparatus for strengthening the radiation, within a radius of 500 miles or so. Consequently this method has been super- seded by several other mothods, which per- mit of selective slgnaling, no matter how strong the interfering radiator may be or how close it may be, even approaching the intertering radjator within a few feet, pro- dueing absolutely no effect. “The parallel manner in which a con- siderable part of this work has been done may possibly be taken as evidence of the fact that the matter has now got down to a sound sclentific base. Mr. Marconi and his eminent collaborateur, Dr. Fleming, are certainly to be congratulated on the re- sults they have so far achieved and no one joins more heartlly in wishing them the best of success than the writer. The future of wireless telegraphy In thelr hands 18 certainly assured and it cannot be many years before Mr. Marconl will see the great system, which he was the first to see the polnts of and to put in practical form, in as universai use as our present methods of telegraphy."’ Trolley mand Steam Arrayed. The successful preliminary trials made upon the long-distance trolley system ot electric rallways recently completed in the reglon of Lake Como, Italy, have attracted the attention of electrical engineers and traction experts all over the world. It Is belleved by many that the successful op- eration of this system Is the forerunner ot a general application of electriclty ta ex- fsting raliway linus, and hence a solution of no small number of traction problems in this country. This system of heavy electric trastion, which consiets of sixty-seven miles of main loe in the north of Italy, running from Leceo to Colico along Lake Como and from Collco to Sondrio and Chlavenna, is the first installation of what ‘is known as the Gans system aof polyphase traction. Tho company which installed this great plant was compelled to study the electrical equip- ment and operation of rallways with a view to utilsing the water powers that abound so plentifully iu Italy and with the hope of wolving the problem of the economical op- eration of secondary railway lines In that country, Acgording to the’ Electrical Review the trials that are wow belng made are of two %inds, each of whith apswers partienlarly the conditions imposed by the reglons in which the linea.are operated. For lines comprising a considerable freight tram and carrying nuinerous passengers the sy tem of & central generating station, with Alstribution of energy by a fixed conducting system, has been adopted. KFor lines where the movement of freight is smaller, but where the passenger service requires greater frequency of trains, a system of torage battery traction was installed, All the electric power for the branches of the line is produced directly #% & three-phase current at 20,000 volts in ation at Morbegne, which the water power is fed by a ca nee and 3,500 maximum at the power house, the installation belng designed so as to be able to take care of the simultaneous trani portation of 750 tons of trains at any polut, & welght that may be distributed between five passenger trains or two senger and two freight trains. Freight trains are drawn by an electric locomotive of 600-horse power, capable of handing a 250-ton train st & speed of twenty miles an hour on a 10 per cent grade, The preliminary trials of this system have surpassed expectations. The operation of the turbine machinery and the lous automatic electric appliances, devised espe- clally for this There s little doubt that its success paves the way for the gradual unification of the vast networks of Inter-urban lines in this country. In many parts of the country | Mumination; ary power for the operation of the | entire system is 2,500-horse power normal | stem, appears 1o be perfect, P in the Electrical rld and Engineer. The company has just moved into its new hom: on the banks of the Thames, into a bulld- ing which fs 250x50 feet, seven atoriss high and takes the place of five separate bulid- Ings where the work of administration wis carried on. In speaking of the telephou: system of London, of which the new bulid- ing is the head office, the article says: Lon- don s divided into six departments and has forty-seven exchanges and the whole country is split up into sixty-one dist:icts. each of which s independent of the o her and reports directly to the general man ager at Telephone House. In December last there were 988 exchanges throughcut the country, which take care of 200,202 stas tlons or subscribers, with the enormous number of 652857864 meesages per year. The business of the National Telephone company Is steadily growing in spite of ths opposition which is about to spring up in the shape of municipal telephones wnd yov- ernment postoffice telephones, and arrang. ments have recently been made for ihe «s- tablishment of wnother large exchange in London, which will be operated on the cen- tral battery eystem, the apparatus for which will be furnished by the Western Electr!: company of London. The apparatus at pr s- ent in use by the Natlonal Telephone com- pany varies somewhat, part being Amerie can make, part English and part of contl- nental manufacture. The National T phone company has been in the habit of buying wherever the best market ‘ould ba obtained, a practice of which, it wil| Lard to cure the average Englishman of .n‘elli- gence, At the annual dinner of the com- pany in London on May 17, when over 20) members of the staff were present, Mr. Galue, who presided, stated that during the year 20,221 subscribers had been added. The business, or number of messages, had In- creased 15.3 per cent, up to 712,000,000, whils the postofice telegraphs had transmitted 90,000,000 telegrams—an increase of only 2 88 per cent.” Fishing by Electric Light. A long series of experiments has he'n conducted with euccess in catching fish on a large scale by means of tie recently fn- vented Yale submarine electric light. The results obtained, reports the Springield Re- publican, have been so remarkably satls- factory that W. 8. Mead of New York Cit an elderly gentleman of means anl largs experience in catching fish along the coast of California, has bullt four craft wkich are believed by experts to mark a new era in the history of deep water fishing. The novel boats are designed, by the use of submariae light, to displace the old and cumbersome methods of fishing which have seen liitle change for the past half century. The fact which has given the inspiration for the comstruction of these boats iy the pecullar fascination of all dumb creatur for a brilllant light. This fact, which h been used in many ways to the dlsadvant- age of animal has been known long to zoologlsts. The fact has been illustrated in A& most familiar form by persons who have approached the most ferocious animals bea ing in thelr hande bright lights. A vel known practice is that of pothunters, who place a powerful light, commonly desig- nated a “Jack light,” in the bow of ire boat and row about the shores of lakes | where deer come down at night ‘o drlok. The animals become fascinated by the lan- tern, with its powertul reflector for di-ect- Ing the rays, and will remain motionloss | while the hunter approaches within ey | range. With the exception of the sea-golag zoologlste, few people are famillar with the intenre attraction exhibited by the lower forms of animal life for the electric light. The eyes of sea fauna enable them to see plainly what is known as the ultra red or ultr rays of the spectrum. Ultra red rays nate from what has cooled just below what to our eyes appears to be a heat. Ultra violet rays are given off most pro- tusely. by the electrie arc light.’ Whers ultra red rays have little or no effect on human eyes ultra violet rays orodace a blinding sensation. The effect of the latter the relatively lower grade eyes is, therefore, at once apparent. The electrical apparatus which has been constructed for this original work by Mr. Hall is unique In the extreme. FKach boat 1s to have a separate electric plant of fts own. The dynamo, direct, connected with A mew type of petroleum engine, is to be placed with its switches near the main engines, permitting the one engineer to attend to it conveniently. Wires are to be Tun from this point to different parts of the boat to supply current for, first, a new portable naval searchlight projector to be used In plcking up buoys, etc.; second, six naval portable deck arc lamps for general third, several incandescent lamps about the deckhouse and hold; fourth, the storage battery used to operate a spark- ing apparatus on all the engines; fitth, four huge Yale submarine arc lamps of several thousand candle power each, which are to do the actual fishing. In order to economize space, everythiug on the hoat has been made as compact as possible, for in handling such unwieldy and cumbersome devices as nets unobstructed space Is Indispensable. The success of the submarine lights has placed the comstruction of the boats far beyond the experimental stage. Its pro- moters boldly assert that the Introduction of the four boats Into the Pacific will revolutionise deep sea fishing. — Working Night Day. ‘The busiest and mightiest little thing that ever was made is Dr. King's New Lite Pills. These pills change weakness into strength, listlessness Iluto energy, braln g into mental power. They're wonderful in building up the health, Only 26c per box. Sold by Kuhn & Co. Send articles of Incurporation, notic stockholders’ meetings, etc., to Th We wili give them proper legal insertion. Telephone 238. of | Intrioate Work on the Stesl Structars Be- | tween New York and Brooklyn. WEAVING THE GREAT WIRE CABLES Statement of the Uses of the Varions i and the Way in Which They Are Pat Together—An In- structive Story. Not far from 200,000 persons cross the old Brooklyn bridge daily and survey there- '{nm the new one now in process of con- struction. But only a few of them fully un- derstand the relation of the different parts of It to each other or the methods employed in this highly interesting work. The most important things In a suspen- sion bridge, relates the New York Tribune, are the towers which hold up the cables the anchorages in which the ends of the ables are fastened, the cables themselves, the suspenders by which the bridge proper is hung from the cables and the truss work The engineer who designs the bridge plans all of these with special reference to the work expected of the bridge, and thinks out almost every detall. Then the bullding is intrusted to one or more contractors. The John A. Roebling's Sons company, for in- stance, will construct the cables and sus- penders. The towers and land spans were built by a company that is now merged in the United Steel corporation, but was originally the New Jersey Steel company and the Pennsylvania Steel company will bulld the approaches and the truss of the main span. It 18 necessary that the towers shall be high enough to allow for the sag In the cables and keep the lower surface of the | bridge at the proper elevation above the water. of stone. Those of the new one are of steel, and, a part from their foundations (which extend nearly 120 feet below high-water mark), welgh 40,000 tons each. The Immense Anchorages. The anchorages are enormous masses of masonry in which are imbedded colossal ehains. In each of the new East River bridge anchorages there are four sets of chains, one for each cable. Each set of chains is composed of thirty-eight separate strands 120 feet long, and following a curved path backward and downward in the masonry. The links of these chains are flat bars nine inches wide, two Inches thick and of various lengths. Now when it Is remembered that the anchorage in which these chalns are secured welghs about 120,- 000 tons, while the middle span of the bridge will, when completed, welgh only one-tenth as much, one gets a vivid idea of the security of the structure. Work on the towers and anchorages was conducted simultaneously, because the two are independent of each other. But it was necessary to bring both nearly or quito to completion before beginning the cables However, the masonry has been left open on top of the anchorages in order to ex- pose the upper ends of the claims tempo- rarily. One important prerequisite to ths construction and placing of the cables is ths erection of a light footbridge reaching from one anchorage up to the nearest tower, ani 80 down to the second anchorage. Another preliminary step is putting on top of the towers a kind of saddle for each cable to rest in. This must be so designed as to allow the cable to slide a little to and fro under the varying strains to which it is eventually subject The footbridge serves the purpose of & mason's scaffold, It is a temporary struc- ture, on which workmen stand while erect- ing the permanent edifice. The first step in bullding the footbridges—for there are two, parallel and sixty feet apart—was to stretch small cables from anchorage to an- chorage over the towers. There are four of these. Thelr diameter is 4% inches. The space between the first and second cables is 11% feet, that between the second and third 60, and that between the third and fourth 11%. The first and second hold up one footbridge and the third and fourth the other. The length of the cross timbers of each bridge is upward of twelve feet, but the whole area {8 not planked over. In the interest of economy “‘walks'* only four feet in width are constructed along each edge. The total length of the two bridges from anchorage to anchorage is 3,000 feet. While the horizontal distance from tower to tower 18 1,600 feet, the sag of the cables makes the middle span of each footbridge 1,650 feet long. The length of each land span, from tower down to anchorage, s 675 feet. A Delicate Undertaking. To enable workmen to pass from one footbridge to the other crossbridges have been constructed. There are nine of theso between the towers and one between each tower and the adjacent anchorage. An ad- ditlonal advantage of connecting the two footbridges is that this double structure {8 thus stiffened and better resists the effect of a wind blowing up or down stream. Further rigidity s given to the serial scaffolding by running a large number of guys or stays downward from it to “storm cables” strotched across the river from tower to tower. Eventually the footbridge, storm cables and guys will be entirely re- moved. The footbridges hang just three feet be- low the level of the future main cables all the way across. Thus the latter will be about opposite the walsts of the workmen engaged in making them. Rightly to ad- just the smull femporary cables which sustain the footbridges was probably one of the most delicate and diffcult tasks in the whole undertaking. It was necessary to forsee changes which would result REARING A MASSIVE BRIDCEIM..."..H e In the old bridge the towers are | and other cause these small cables were ten and one-half feet Bigher than the posi | tions they now occupy over the middie of the river. RBut the latter are correct and the engiucer's calculations have been beau titully verified Further preparation for constructing the cables will be made within the next few weeks. This will consist of the arection of wire rope tramways from one anchor- age to' che other. The apparatus will closely resemble that used by the tunnel contractors for transporting rock and dirt from a nole in the ground to a wagon at some distance. First there is a stout wire cable stretched horizontally. This serves a8 a sort of rallway, on which rides a traveler, a device so hung on rollers that a slight pull will drive it in either direc- tion. The load is attached to the traveler. Finally there is a cord, by means of which the traveler is moved On the bridge there will be four ways, or, rather, two double ones. will be so arranged that a traveler will | B0 across by one route and come back | by the other. The cord that does the pulil- {ing will also be endless and will follow |the same path, of course. To operate (lese tramways a sixty horso power steam engine will be called into service on the New York side of the river. tram- Each Stringing the Permanent Cables. When cable making begins thers will be set up on each anchorage suitable frames in which drums holding the material for the cables will be suspended, so that they can rotate. The wire is wound on a drum as a thread s on a spool, and it unwinds { when the drum turns. In shane, however the drum is more ltke a broad wheel than a spool. Its diameter is six feet, while it is only eighteen inches thick. There will be four tons of wire on a drum, and as it welghs a pound for every ten feet, there will be upward of 80,000 feet in each coil On beginning work the end of a wire from a drum will be passed over a pulley on the traveler, and then brought down to the anchorage chains and fastened. As soon as | the endless rope starts, the traveler is in the eyve of a loop or bight, the halves of which lead respectively to the anchorage and the drum. If all goes well, the trav- eler will have gone clear across the river in about ten minutes, and in doing so will have stretched two wires, not simply one. | Thero the movement is interrupted an fn- | stant, while the 10op is detached from the | traveler by one gang of men, and & bight from another drum is caught over the pulley by a second gang of men The first pair of wires belong to ome cable, and the other pair to a different one. Now, when the traveler gets back to the starting point it will be once more em- ployed to pull wire from the first drum. Such connections will be made with the anchor chains by the workmen at each end of the bridge that it will not be necessary to ‘tut tbe wire at all. The operation of pulling from each drum comtinuously will be kept up until the whole 80,000 feet have been used up. Stationed on little balconies which pro- fect trom the footbridges at numerous points will be men known as “‘regulators.” They and adjust each pair of wires as they are stretched. There will be from twenty- five to thirty men in each of the four gangs employed. In order to prevent tangling by the wind, and to insure the wires lying close beside one another, strings will be tied temporarily around them at she-t fn- | tervals, and as each fresh one is add=d the | 01d bonds will be removed and nes ones substituted, so as to encircle the whole number. In order that each wire shall have the right strain upon it, and take ite proper share in the future work of the bridge, the men see that it lles exactly parallel with those which bave already been placed. Sig are given to_ the engineer to in- crease or relax the striin when this adjust- ment is made. 4 One Year to WMake C The wires are of steel and coated with oll. When 208 have been strung they aie combined Into a strand by tying them to- gether at Intervals of about ten feet with two or three turns of finer wire. There will be thirty-seven such strands and hence 7,936 wires in each cable. When the whole thirty-seven strands are finished they will be incased In a covering of thin sheet steel. The cables of the old bridge were wrapped with wire. But that procelure will not be adopted in the present case. Before the addition of the casing the cables will be eighteen and three-fourths inches in diameter. It will take about a year to finish this part of the work. The trusswork or frame on which the floor is lald is a lattice of steel. It is so designed as to remain rigid when heavy loads move over it and to resist the strong- est winds that strike it on the sides. The same amount of steel gives far greater strength, vertically and sidewise, if put in the form of open frame than in one solid plate or beam. The land span trusses of the new bridge are already finished. While they were going up it was necessary to sustaln them with temporary wooden frames bullt over the street. There will be o suspenders to connect them with the main cables. When the main span over the river belng bullt work will be pushed from each tower and the necessary support will be afforded chiefly by the suspenders, which will be rigged simultaneously. One important difference between the old bridge and the new will lie In the provi- slons made for the expansion of the truss- work of the main span. That of the old structure is cut in two in the middle ard in zero weather there Is a gap nearly elgh- teen inches wide, covered by metal plates. Each half expands eeven or eight inches in summer. In consequence the lower encs of the suspenders, which are here from twenty to thirty inches long, are displaced in very hot or very cold weather.' In the new bridge the gaps or slip jolnts will be at Personalities of the Press | By Harriet Prescott Spofford There is an unpleasant amount of com- plaint, In private circles d sometimes in print, concerning the personalities to be found in the modern newspaper. But three |1 the practice of printing personalities 1s an evil there Is an easy way to correct and that is to show no Interest in The press furnishes only what peo- ple want and when they cease to want personalities the press will cease to give them. g The sedt wriler, lodging once in the same house with a woman who reported with great particularity and accuracy the soclal gossip of Washiagton for several important journals in different parts of the country, saw & letter this reporter received from the wife of an eminent jus- tice, telling her that she was going to such a function and would wear such a dre with an elaborate description, and enclosing a $10 dollar bill. The reporter, who measured the honor and dignity of the press by a high standard, sent back the money. But the justice’s lady was t the said function and was heard to s ‘Oh, there comes that reporter! Let u gL @way ‘before she can see what we have on!" Another letter ran: ‘“Dear ——: Miss So-and-So Is to visit us next week. Do give her as pretty tollettes as you cam, so it will bring about conditions where the only remedy left for the steam rallroads will be to electrify their own tracks and to convert them into vast trolley lins Brittah Telephone System. The National Telepbone company, which controls the business in the United King- dom, 18 the subject of an Interesting articly that she let them Miss So- else to told may send the papers home and see there what a belle she is." nd-S0 was relegated to some one up, for s reports ything but the truth he It was because people wanted her per- sonalities that she was invited frequently ta dine in state at one foreign minlste: ‘as cables, that the rriage of the embassy with its great gray horses and gold-laced lv- erles was sent to take her out afier an fliness; that dozens of fine claret were presented to her and that a foreign min- fster's beautiful wife gave her a string of milky amber a yard and a half long. Another minister's wife begged her one day, when her own hats came over from Paris, to accept an exquisite one of Vivot's that would have cost $40 in New York, and at another time an normous box full of silk artificial flowers, and when the min- Ister was given another charge she sent for our young reporter and told her that what she had published about them had been of great service and placed on her finger an emerald surrounded with large diamonds. One day a colored lad stole some trifles of jewelry belonging to our reporter. The local press took the matter up with good- natured commiseration. Presently the wife of one of the South American min- isters sent her a piu and earrings of fine but small rubles. It was the time when people wore short plnch-beck chal big with” big lTockets: more than one of the people who, In public, dislike pervonalitfes sent her such a chain apd tle and lovely hound, camie from one of the legations; from another of them camo & fine glit writing apparatus of great beauty. Nor were all these gifts from the foreign- ers by any means. A set of most deHcately carved pink coral was presented to this to- y Teporter by am A can lady, ask- ing her to accept them, as they had lost their value for herself. And another per- son, wife of a prominent member of cou- gress, gent her a fine gown, lined with silk, most unheard of at that period, and a year or so later enclosed to her two $50 bills, saying she had had no time to attcnd to her Christmaeing or her charities that year, and would our reporter kindly buy her own Christmas gift with one of the bills and use the other in charities. It was the wife of one of the presidents, who, on the celebration of a private and personal anniversary, gave her, without be- ing requested, a place to review the pro- ceedings and make notes. And it was the wife of another who displayed to her the trousseau of a White House bride. So much were her persomalities In demand tia’, when this reporter sent a note to the first lady iu the land, asking what she was to wear on a certaln occaslon, the ncte re- celved satistactory reply. That this same reporter was given hoarl at various times at leading hotels for the sake of having her letters hpotels, and that e had free passes and special rates on certain rallroads, and t'at another one was given the best accommo- dations on steamship lines while paying for poorer, only emphasizes the fact that (he wares they had were in demand. And all this suce it such It should be called, simply shows that people Ike these per- acnalities well enough to pay for them, and that when people come to recognize their vulgarity and offeneiveness the press, ro |h‘u been sald before, will cease to deal in em. | what he was, and the boys of New Orleans ™ the middle. theee the suspenders will be neary 200 long and the same Alsplacement cf hardly throw them their connections A new mode of attaching polnts teet their lower ends will out of plumb or strain with the truss the suependers to the cables will be em- ployed. The wire rops constituting the suspenders will be doubled and the man cable will pass through the loop thus formed: The loop will rest in a wert of | saddle placed on the cable and not touch | the latter directly. The two lower ends cf the suspender will be fastened to the truse work in much the same way as on the old bridge. Appronches to Bridge, When a bridge crosses a river with high steep banks, as at Nlagara, the ends usually down at the level of the earth But when the shores are low, and yet it is necessary to raise the atructure to such a height as to allow ships to pass under freely, then the ends are far above ground In such cases it becomes necessary to bulld sloping extensions or approaches. Those of the old Brooklyn bridge are of masonry. The approaches of the new structure will be of steel. That in Brooklyn will be short, owing to the rapld rise of the land from the shore. Already this approach has been begun. It looks I1ke a portion of an ele- vated railroad or the New York Central's viaduct up above the tunnels. To handlo | the huge steel beams that compose it an | immense traveler, or traveling crane, ix used. This rests on the completed portion of the approach, and fs easily moved about | as occaston requires. Doubtless when the river span is bullt this same crane will be found useful there. Willelm Hildenbrand, engineer of the John A. Roebling's Sons company, the firm which hae the contract for making the cables, is in charge of that branch of the work. Mr. Hildenbrand is one of the best known bridge builders in the country. He assisted the Roeblings in the erection of the old Brooklyn bridge and of several other suspension bridges. The reconstruc- tion of the Cincinnati-Covington bridge | and the construction of the Wheeling and | Mapimi (Mexican) bridges were his work exclusively. Three years ago Mr. Hilden- brand offered to rebulld the Brooklyn bridge for $3,600,000 or $4,000,000 and double the capacity, and already a design of his for coanecting the lower ends of the suspenders wiih the trusses has been adopted by Mr. Probasco. By substituting a roller and | metal plate for the old trunnlon Mr. Hil- denbrand hopes to diminish the possibility of accldent from expansion. The new de- vice will be Introduced for a distance of only 150 feet each way from the center of the bridge under all four cables. A BUTLER SPOON STORY. Defense of His 0ld Com- mander's Memor! John Budd of Wiscasset, the oldest and quaintest toll gatherer in Maine, now has a more singular tale to relate than the story of his life; and just one little chapter in his life is strange enough for most people, relates the New York Tribune. Budd was one of twin brothers. His par- ents died when he was an infant and the two little shavers were taken in hand by charitable people. No one family desired both of the twins and so the boys were sep- arated. John Budd was adopted by a French-Canadian family and was taken into Canada and there reared. His brother, Thomas, was taken into a Scotch family in the provinces and there arrived at manhood. After they had become men the brothers traced each other out and met, but they re- quired an interpreter before they could con- verse. John had llved among French-Can- adians all his lite and had not then learned to speak English; the brother had a bréad Scotch accent that might bother even a Yankee ear. For years John Budd had been the toll built on trestles and is scmething over a mile long. Whenever Chief Justice Peters, now retired, held court at Wi set each April and October he never allowed a day to pass without calling on John Budd at the toll office. The chat of the old man amused the justice very much, for, as the most noted wit and raconteur In Maine, he loves picturesqueness of character more than any other attribute. He knows intl- mately every quaint old chap In the state. A few days ago Budd was sitting in the sua at the door of his little booth smok- ing his plpe. Two young men, evidently city boys on a pedestrian tour, came along across the bridge and stopped to pay their toll. They eased their knapsacks off their shoulders and sat down on a bench at the slde of the booth for a momen rest. Budd paturally asked them whence they had come and whither they were golng. “Our home is in New Orleans,” said the older of the young me! ‘We are up here in Malne for the summer. “I stopped in New Orleans at one time, sald Budd. that?" with General Butler." of the young men hardened. one sald, with much bitterness women, & tyrant and an old thief; that's who never saw him hate him just as much as the men and the women who from his orders. And, besides, h 2ll the spoons out of my grandfather’s ho- Ho did, eh?" was the name of yi “The St. Charl “You just walt a moment, young man.'"" Budd went upstairs into his living room and brought down a heavy canvas bag. He opened it and took out a handful of spoons. Ou the handle of each was en- graved “St. Charles. “What do those look ltke?" demanded Budd. “Why, those are some of the spoons from my grandfather's hotel!" gasped the young man. “Where dld you come on| those?" “I stole 'em,” sald Budd placidly. “And 1 know who stole the rest of ‘em-—and we @14 it at the risk of our lives, for if Gen- eral Butler had known it he would have had | us strupg up. Now you take back what you said about him. Take It back, or I will dump you both over the rail ther Daunted by the glare in the eyes of the old man, the boys apologized for thelir hasty words. Then the older sald: “Sir, my father will pay any priee for those old spoons. I don't know just' how much money I have with me, but I will glve it to you, every cent, If you will give me those memorials of my grandfather. They can be worth nothing more to you now." “Let me tell you' replied Budd, “that you couldn’t bring money enough In a two- horee wagon to buy one of them. I'm not & thief; I'm not try- ing to make money by stealing. I took those spoons as plunder of war, and I'm going to keep ‘em. You can't buy 'em and you can't tease 'em away, No use to try. And if you want to save your speons that you've got now down there don't you ever declare war against the north again. These spoons staying up here in Maine will be a jog to your memory.” n spite of all thelr arguments and the young were obliged to trudge away without the spoons that be- longed to their grandafther. HERE AKE A FEW OF THI Timely Articles By Eminent Writers that have appeared in The Twentieth Century Farmer during the tirstsix months of 1901. “What the Government Has Done for the Farmre,” SEC RETARY OF AGRICULTURE JAMES WILSO “The Advance Made in the Study of Insects,” Prof. LAW- RENCE BRUNER, State Entomologist of Nebraska. “Some Teading Features of Kansas Agriculture,” F. D, COBURN, Becretary of the Kansas State Board of Ag riculture. “Why Live Stock Men Oppose the Grout Bill” J. W, SPRINGER, President of the National Live Stock As sociation. “Aréumentn in Favor of the Grout Bill,” J. B. RUSHTON, Ex-President of the Nebraska Dairymen’s Association. “New Department of Agriculture in Iowa,” G. H. VAN HOUTEN, Becretary of the Iowa Btate Board of Ag riculture. “Review of the Last Century in Dairying,” Prof. D. IL OTIS of the Kunsas Experiment Station. “Redeeming the Semi-Arid Plains,” C. 8. HARRISON, President of the Nebraska Park and Forest Association. “Pertinent Facts About Seed Corn,” N. J. HARRIS, Sec retary of the Iowa Seed Corn Breeders’ Assocaition. “Question of Feeds for the Dairy Farmer,” E. A. BUR NETT, Animal Husbandman of the Nebraska Experi ment Station. “Proper Care and Treatment of the Boil,” R. W. THATCH: ER, Assistant Chemist of the Nebraska Experiment Sta: tion. “History of the Nebraska State Board of Agriculture,” Ex. ' Gov. ROBERT W. FURNAS, Present Secretary and First President of the Board. “Irrigation and Farming,” GEORGE H. MAXWELL, Ex. ecutivve Chairman of the National Irrigation Associa: tion. “Making Winter Wheat Hardy,” T. L. LYON, Assistant Director of Nebraska Experiment Station. Articles on Boil Culture and Conserving the Moisture in the Semi-Arid West, H. W. CAMBEL.L Bpecial Articles each week, JAMES ATKINSON, of the Iowa Experiment Station at Ames. Letters of Travel-FRANK G. CARPENTER. Other writers contributing to The Twentieth Century Farmer, are: Chancellor E. BENJAMIN ANDREWS, of the University of Nebraska. Prof. CHARLES E. BESSEY, State Botanist of the Uni. versity of Nebraska. R. M. ALLEN, President Standard Cattie Company. 1 C. R. THOMAS, Becretary American Hereford Breeders' Association. B. 0. COWAN, Assistant Secretary American Shorthorn Breeders’ Association, Prof. H. M. COTTRELL, Kansas Experiment Station. Dr. A. T. PETERS, Nebraska Experiment Station. Hon. J. STERLING MORTON, Former Secretary of Agri culture—Father of Arbor Day. Prof. A. L. HAECKER, Nebraska Experiment Station, E. F. STEPHENS, President Nebraska Horticultural So- clety for five years. E. WHITCOMB, Friend, Nebraska, Supt. Bee Exhibit at Nebraska State Fair, O. H. BARNHILL, Shenandoah, Iowa, Secretary South. western Iowa Horticultural Bociety. Women's Department conducted by Mrs, HAWKS, of Friend, Neb, ‘Veterinary Department in charge of one of the best veteri: narians in the west. ' NELLIE What other Agricultural paper can match this Send you name on a postal for sample copy and eclub- bing list. Twentieth Century Farmer OMAHA.