Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, January 3, 1901, Page 9

MARVELS OF THE CENTURY Achievements in All Departments of the World's Activities, Growth n of This Nation and It In- e Upon the Old World— Record & ng All Pre- ceding Centuries, pyright, 190, by G. Torr.) Whatever the future may bring the nine- teenth century must be looked upon as a turning point in the history of the world In material achievement it has surpassed every century that preceded it. It has been an age of scientific investigation and dis- tlon has everywhere died away at his ap- plication to the uses of man—an age of marvelous mechanical inventions, which have completely changed the habits as thqy have added immensely to the powers of mankind, an age of unparalleled expan- slon in territory and increase in numbers for the white races which have been the bearers of civilization The temperate reglons of the globe, on the American con- tinent, in Australia and New Zealand, in southern Africa, In northern Asla, save only In the extreme east, are all in the white man's hands ana all, too, in his sole possession, for the sparse native popula tlon has everywhere died away at his ap- proach. to multiply and develop and science may yet give him the power master the climate of the tropical regions he has seized upon In this new conquest of the first and most marked factor has been the growth and development of the United States of America, the spread of its free institutions their reaction on the po- Ntical system of western Europe. The young confederacy with its 5,000,000 inhab- ftants between the Alleghanies and the sea, shut oft from the Guif of Mexico and with the Mississippl for its western boundary has become in 100 years a compact nation of 76,400,000 souls, stretching from ocean to ocean, equal in strength and resources to any European power, with every pros- pect of hecoming within @ measurable time equal to all Europe combined. The growth has been rapid, steady and unchecked. In the half century of bondage to absolute governments fu which the greater part of Europe was held for half the century, the prosperous existence of the American re- public, the sole example of peaceful gov- ernment by a free pdople, served to keep alive the hope of liberty in the old world. Amer! Growth and Influence, The frame of government devised to hold world the together weak and disjointed col- onies, proved adequate for all the meeds of a great nation. It be- came impossible to keep out the liber- tles demonstrated to be beneficial, and now all western BEurope enjoys In substance Fepresentative government, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, equality be- fore the law, freedom to migrate, public educatlon, religlous toleration, popular suf- frage, and the right for every one to pursuc any suitable calling, regardless of class or sex. None of its hereditary rulers can regard his power scriously as derived from divie right, but must base it on the will of the people and the observance of a con- stitution, The century began with the destruction by the United States navy of one historic sham. the power of the Barbaiy pirates, whose molestations Burope was cohtent to put up with long after the power Izr " harm -was - gone. It etds With the crushi by the same navy of another decrepit his torie survival, the remnant of Snain’s col- onial power. In the interval the political events of lasting consequence are few. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803, through the foresight of Thomas Jeferson, doubled the area of the United Btates, toro down the western bounds to set- tlement and lett the path open to the Pacific ocean. The later purchases and cessions trom Spain and Mexico removed the barriers to the Gulf and made sure the extension to the Pacific, the control of which is now se- cured by the possession of Hawall and the Philippines. When Spain's oppressed colo- nies shook off the yoke and removed from the hemisphere the second power that might prove dangerous, President Monroe's dec- laration that the American continents thenceforth were not to be considered sub- jeets for future colonization by any Euro- Ppean power sufficed to secure non-interfer- ence with the affairs of the United States and to save South America from the fate of Africa. The war of 1812 with England made ear the necessity of home manufactures and hastened the Industrial development of the country. The great civil war put an end to the causes of dissen- sion of half a century by de- ¢iding - that the unlon of the states Is Indissoluble and abolisking black slavery. President Lincoln's emancipation proclama- tion, followed soon by Czar Alexander Il's liberation of the Russian serfs, marks the end of slaveholding by white men. Centralisation in Europe. Burope saw the rapid extension and more rapid fall of Napoleon's empire. The ter- ror Inspired by him and by the revolution from which he sprang led to a general re- pression of freedom by the governments of the continer: from which France managed to escape in 1830, but central Burope, not till well in the latter half of the century, In spite of the momentary outbreak of 1845, A mew theory of nationality that those speaking the same language should be joined in one country sprang up and was carried into el by the union of Ifaly into a new nation in 1860, The samo idea led to the absorption of the smaller states of Germany into the new German empire under Prussia’s hegemony, formed after the defeat of France in 1871. The idea fs at work in the Slavic lands and has taken a new turn in the endeavor for com- mon action among the colounies of Great Britain and in Germany's desire to hold together its former suljects who have emi- grated. The formation of the new Ger man empire and its riss to a power of the first rank has been accompanied by an as- tonishivg commercial and industrial deve opment; it has led, too, to the establish- ment of compulsory military service for all by the nations on the continent. Germaay's belated greed for foreign colonies, like that of France, could be gratified only in tropl- cal lands. Great Britain had already taken the pick of the earth. The pre-eminence in commerce and the start in manufactures which Great Britain had at the beginning of the Napoleonic wars 1t has retained throughout the century. The chaoge from wooden sailing vessels to iron steamships came when the United States, her chief competitor, was busy with the civil war, and neither the British iron vessels nor the steel vessels that have taken their place have been caught up with With her manufactures she has controlled the markets of the world, but at the end of the century she has eager rivals, who are fast overhauling her. During the cen- tury she has not only strengthened her hold on her rich empire in Iudia, but her sons lave succeeded In settling and devel- oping the great Canadian and Australian colonies. Remembering the lesson 8 she has conceded to them substantial in- dependence. Wonders of Iny To enumerate even the most important inventions of the ury such as have changed the conditions of mankind is a Bopeless task. They eater into every do- He alone has the land on which | OMAHA DAILY REE: THURSDAY, tafl of daily life, doing everything that human hands could do with immeasurably greater speed and strength and accuracy. The sewing machine, the shoe machine, the Jacquard loom, the blast furnace, the reaper, harvester, binder and thresher, the Hoe press, the typewriter, the friction match, {lluminating gas, nitroglycerine, celluloid, the coal tar products, India rub- ber, aluminum, the telegraph, the tele- phone, the electric light, the electric fur- nace, the stethoscope, the spectroscope, the compound microscope—the list could ran on for pages. The hero of the rentury is the steam engine, ready to supply mlmost limitless power, and to its aid in the last third of the cemtury came the dynamo, which may some day supplant it. What- ever electricity may accomplish hereafter the work of the nineteenth century has been done by steam. Statisticians have computed that the wotld Is now using 100,- 000,000 horee-power, the equivalent of the labor of the whole of its population that fs capable of work. By the side of the steamship, the lccomotive and the factory cngines, the steam hammer, the steam dredges, the steam drill, the steam pump and the steam plow are at work. Fulton's little Clermont has grown Into the big Deutschland with it 33,000 horse-power quadruple expapsion engines, driving fus mass of 16,000 tons at twenty-three knots an hour in five days across the Atlantic, and into the Viper, with its turbine en- gines, making its forty miles an hour. In the seventy-five years sinco Stevenson's locomotive started on the first rallroad journey 450,000 miles of track have formed o network round the earth, and glants have been constructed that can drag loads of nearly 8,000 tons at a speed of ten miles an hour, while others maintain a speed of sixty miles an hour for hundreds of miles and at a pinch make eighty or 100 miles an hour. The idea of distance has been well-nigh obliterated, as that of time has n by the telegraph. It is forty-two rs sitce the first Atlantic cable was laid, and the carth has been girdled by cables and wires save for the width of the Pacific ocean, Marvels of Engincering. Unexampled feats of engineering have been performed. The ship canal through the isthmus of Suez has shortened the road to Iudia and restored the old trade route through the Mediterranean. The Baltic and the North sea have been jolned, and ocean vessels can wow reach the Great Lakes. The great eamtilever bridge across the Firth of Forth and,the suspension bridge over the Kast river show what the nineteenth century bridge bulldera could do. Tunnels have been dug through the Alps, at the Mont Cenis and the St. Gothard, the latter winding over itselt within the moun- tain. Tunnels have been driven, t0o, under the St. Clair river, the Mersey and the Thames. A new architecture in steel has been devised which erects buildings twenty and thirty stories high and towers that riso 1,000 feet in the air. The output of minerals has been enor- mous. Since the discovery of gold in Cal- ifornia and Australia the world's stock of the precious metal has been trebled, and silver has alwost ceased to be regarded as a precious metal. but this production Is exceeded in value by the coal, the iron, the copper that have been mined In the same period. Improved Conditions of Life. A remarkable result of the flood of In- ventions on soclal life has been the estab- lishment of practical equality among men. It was inevitable that their products or theit effects should become common and within the reach of all. The average of welfare and of comfort throughout the civ- ilized world is incomparably higher than in any earller century, and the improvement conelsts mainly in what has been added to the power of each individual. Little distinction between persons is possible in the use of rapld transportation, of abun- dant and cheap clothing or fuel or food, of public and private sanitary arrange- ments, of books, of the discoveries of med- teal science and so on. It is an equality that has been made by ralsing the weaker, not by lowering the stronger. An equally noticeable result is the extraordinary de- velopment of organization among large bodies of men and the spirit of discipline, without which it would be impossible to carry on any large industrial undertak- ing. The working of a railroad depends as much on every employe doing his al- lotted task at the right moment as it does on the action of every piece in the mechan- ism of the locomotive. Men work together for a common purpose as they never did before. What Medl ence Has Done. Greatest of all blessings In the saving of suffering to mankind was the discovery of anaesthetics in 1844, and at the end of the century, instead of the total uncon- sclousness produced by ether or chloro- form, methods have been found to render senseless to pain only those parts of the body on which the surgeon's knife must act. The finding of minute animal and veg- etable organisms in the body brought forth Pasteur's solution of the process of fer- mentation, the examination of micro- organisms and of thelr action on the body established the sclence of bacteriology with its two-fold results—the discovery of the microbes of specific diseases with the pro- cess of inoculation as a means of cure, and Lister's elimination of gangrene from sur- glenl operations by the use of antiseptics, an improvement that has thrown open to investigation every part of the living body. The microscope has removed the boun- dary between animal and vegetable liie. It has been demonstrated that all organic tissue is bullt up of cells, that s, of “bits of protoplasm supplied with a necleous,” |and it 15 generally acespted among biologisis that the protoplasm I8 for all purposes identical in plants and animals, that 1: is the physical basis of life, and that every cell springs rom another cell. The syn- thesis of omganic products from chemical elements in the laboratory demolished the theory of a ‘vital force” and proved thet only natural elements enter iuto the com- position of animal matter. Evelatiouary Theory. The boundary is set aside, too, in the century's answer to the problem of life on the globe. The theory of evolution the transmutation of one specles from another by added characteristics, and the common origin in one original form, ad vanced by Lamarck, has satisfied men's minds since Charles Darwin, in 1863, in his “Origin of Species by Natural Selection,” demonstrated the variations in specles an pointed out their causes. It bas become impossible to believe in a special ereation of man, a belief ugainst which the geolo- gists as well have accumulated evidence, Th» theory of cataclysmal changes in the earth's surface has been abandoned. In the past, ay in the present, changes were gradual and must have gone on through eons of time; the fossil animals whose remains are founc in the rocks died out as species die now- adays. There was a time when there was no life, as the lce covered the earth, then low organisms were born that in ages be. cameo the great mammals of the latest strata, Infinitesimul Things of Nature. Perhaps the most marked characteristic of sclentific research in the nineteenth cen- tury has been its study of the infinitely lit- tle. It has been an age of inconceivably minute and accurate measurements. Bach branch of science has turned, microscops or spectroscope to seek for some primal cause the atom, the molecule, the cell, the microbe, the number of I'nes in the spec- trum, the number of vibrations of light or of heat. The micrometer has played the part that the mariner's compass did in the age of discoveries. The parallax of a star has been measured and the specd in which it moves and the size and velocity | of a molecule of gas have been computed The first five years of the century were extraordinarily fruitful. Young, by meens of the spectrum, gave the first convincing proof of the undulatory theory of light and conceived the idea of a “luminous ether’ in which the vibrations occur. Since then heat, electricity, magnetism, chemical af- finity, have all been shown to be likewise merely forms of vibrating motion in the ether, whose existence as an elastic, rigid, incompressible, frictionless solid, filling all space, fs now generally accepted by phy sicists. Dalton's theory of unchangeable atoms and his first table of atomic weights | provided that basis of exactness on which modern chemistry has been built and the properties of the atoms were rapidly de- fined, thus opening the path for experiment in countless combinations. Volta's pile ap- peared in the last year of the eighteenth century and with it Davy reduced chemical substances so thoroughly that none of the clements he obtained have been decom- posed since and also produced the electric light. Soon after Oersted discovered elec- tro-magnetism,which quickly gave the ideas of the telegraph and the motor, while Fres- nel discovered the polarization of light and the first asteroids were detected by as- tronomers. Science's t Discoveries. The middle of the century was marked by a great mathematical feat, the discovery of the planet Neptune by Crouch Adams and Leverrier independently, The inven- tion of photography, later employed syste- matically in astronomy, made it possible to detect celestial objects too faint for hu- man eyes to see, while Kirchoft and Bun- sen’s spectroscope and the methods of spec- trum analysie, besides the services they have rendered to chemistry and physics, enabled the chemical composition of the celestial Bodies to be determined and proved the Kdentity in substance of the earth with the sun and stars. By their ald, too, the distance of the stars can be determined, and the presence and course of invisible stars have been found. To the middle of the century belongs the enunciation of the most important law of matter since New- ton's law of gravitation, the law of the con- servation of enmergy, the doctrine, namely, that to create or annihilate energy is as impossible as to create or annihilate matter; and that all the phenomena of the material universe consist in transforma- tions of energy alone. Almost discovered more than once earlier In the century, it was arrived at independently by several experimenters, chief among whom were Joule, who had previously demonstrated the law of the mechanical equivalent of heat, and Julius Mayer, the originator of the “meteoric hypothesie.” Later have come Clerk-Maxwell's kinetic theory of gases, the liquefaction of all gases by intense cold and the approach to the absolute zero; Hertz's interrupted electric waves, which have ylelded wire- less telegraphy; Roentgen's discovery of the cathode rays, which have rendered the interior of opaque objects visible, and the wholly “periodic law" in chemistry. A curlous trait in all the sciences has been the expectation or hope of the dis- covery of some first cause, like the idea in chemistry that the elements may vet be decomposed and some one element at the root of all be found, or in blology the search for the first common element of life. To the Uttermost Parts of the Earth. The achlevements in geographical ex- plorations would alone have given glory to a century less wonderful. The one nau- tical problem that Captain Cook did not live to solve, the northwest passage, was accomplished by McClure and demonstrated to be as impracticable as Cook supposed it to be. The northeast passage, too, has been made by Nordenskjold, who in the “Vega" circumnavigated the Europe-Asian continent. The search for Sir John Frank- lin led to the exploration of the frozen archipelago north of America and the dis- covery of the north magnetic pole. Since then the pole itself has been the goal of Arctic explorers; Nansen has traversed Greenland, Peary has found out that it is an island, while Nansen and Cagni have come within less than four degrees of the pole itself. Beyond the line to which Cook’s circumnavigation restricted the pos- sible Antarctic continent several have pene- trated and for the first time men have landed and wintered on the Antarctic coast. In America discovery has been followed s0 soon by settlement that the mem- ory of it has quickly disappeared, and evem the remarkable journey of Lewis and Clarke up the Missourl into Oregon is almost for- gotten. The same is true of Australla, whose Interior deserts have been crossed by daring explorers under terrible hard- ships, and of a good part of Asia. The opening up of Africa, however, is hardly second in importance to the circumnaviga- tion of the Cape of Good Hope. Fifty years ago barely the rim of the dark coutinent was known. Now, thanks to Burton and Speke and Livingstone and Stanley, every one of its great riddles has been solved— the sources of the Nile, the water system of the Congo and the Niger and the Zam- besl, the dwarfs, and the Mountains of the Moon. It has been crossed from south to north, and from west to east across its greatest breadth, while the crossing from the Congo to the Zanzibar coast has become a commonplace journey. The powers of Europe have divided the territory among themselves and are pushing in with rail- road and telegraph. There are no more great geographical discoveries possible on land; but sclence has turned its attention to the bottom of the seas, and the sounding lead s charting the ocean beds. It has been a century of such astounding hievement that it Is perhaps natural to believe that there will be no other equal to it, end in morc. than one branch of sclence men hold the opinion that the funda- mental problems have been solved and that th future can develop only along the lines marked out in the nineteenth century. Past history, however, shows no limits to the capacities for development of the hu- man race and the historian of the twentieth century may have fully as wonderful a tale to tell. GEORGE TORR. FLOG Hundreds of A to Fulfill the Postoffice Requirement “A number of years ago. when [ chemigt in the Postoffica department,” sald o prominent selentist to a Washington Star reporter, “an effort was made to fnd some Ink for canccilatlon purposes whizh was would _prove absolutely indellblo. Tests were made of all the so-called indalibls irks, but without suce untll througn some unknown means the repcrt was cir- slated that it would be worth about 0,000 to any man who would supuly department with an ink that would nd all tests as to its indelible qualities. You can imagine the result of th r culation of such a report. It was on matter of 4 day or 5o heicre the d ment was flooded with inks—black, purple and every color imaginaole few were products which showed tha party submitting them really had nowledge of chemistry and the propert of the various ingredients « bl Some o g ink; but for the most part the concoct'ons were merely colored solutions made up in ary and all ways, without the slightest knowledge of the charactor of the resulting solution. in the hope that by sc hanee Cr the front = wiih theis more trouble than all Ink manufac- ed, but all samples had to be tested. Under the rules of the depart- n each’ competitor could submit twn samples only, glving him a chance to cor- rect any possible errors made in hin frst sample. In several instanccs, however, this rule was set aside turally, among so many some purely fraudulent schemes werc sorted to, although all were detected snoner or later. Unquestionably the most inter esting of these was submitted bv u man who in vears previous had occupled a st in the United States senate. His ink te an indelible fluid might be obtain to naturally came products and gav the chemists and legitimate turers te combi competitors sembled hundreds of other samples, exe i for & sediment that collected In the bo: tle after standing On _analyz this fnk I found the 1o be nothing more nor_less than pulveriged glass, AS vou may recall, all inks were tosted in th Washington cify postoffics, and this man | had gone to the eanceling clerk who use the sample ink and endeavored to brib him to glve the stamp turn or twist ¢ time a cancellation Wwas made, hoping thereby o have th particles of glass ground into the insuring_ an _in- | delible mark, or nearly so. But the clerk not to be bribed. 0] all » case to the dey unted at_thi {hi, X- genator took a sample of his own In and made a number of llations in ‘the manner he described further insute | the staying qualit I mark 4 ked the several letters for two hours in hope of setting the ink. He then su tted those samj the department ble part_ of it all, however, fter the wrindinig and all baking his cancellations washed u; leaving no trace of the ink whatever, Weo Al not know for year: that bis own | samples had been baked, the story having been given out by an old friend {n whom he confided at the time, This just shows however, to what straits come’ people wi | g0 in the hope of defrauding ('ne In spite of the trandulent m and oth: no absolutely indelible ink has yet besn | found, and probably never will be. The Kidneys ache when they are over- worked and the trouble gets serious un- less promptly removed. Prickly Ash Bit ters fs a rellable kidney tonic and bowel regulator RICH EMERALD MIN Workings uries Ago Dix Sen. What are known Cleopatra, relates the G Al Journal, lte in the mountain extends for a long dista and a few league latitude rather south of Kofu, on This, like some other parts of th such as the porphyry quarries Dokham, was far better known than it now and more thickly peopled about twen centuries ago and only during the pr one, 8o far as we Know plorers, at long inter into the treasure house fent Egypt When ts rulers first used the emerald for personal adornment | afn. Whe the large, clear gree es which, cording to ancient authorities, orn the Egyptian temples we ¥ eme 1s a of dlspute, but as this ge owing gular shape, which is com- monly led prism-and its beantiful | tint stands loss in need of the lapidary's art than many others it prob formed part | of the regalfa of princes at a very early period That It was known to the Romans is cer- tain and the mines now revisited used to send thelr treasures to the gem-cutters of the capitul. Ever since then the stone has been highly e These min eemed. of the northern Ethbal s to have remuined untotched since the des cline and fall of Rome cauged them to be deserted, According to Mr. MacAlliste workings are only small jassuges more than burrows, excavated in the em ald-bearing scist, und sometimes extending for a long distance | Many scattered ruing ma dwellings, watch towers A those of ten settleme these, 1o doubt, the mining population used to live and the differences in style suggests they were oc- cupied for a long time. Some are mere | hovels, very roughly bullt; others show more careful construction, while a t group are well finished Mr. MacAliister wl#o found three rock-cut | temples, for the soft stone I itself to that kind of urchitecture. He thinks that thelr pillars, though very primitive in style, | indicate Egyptian ¢ with traces of Greek influence; one, indecd, contains a | crumbling inseription In that langu i Broken pottery. sometimes ornamented, 184 amundant, but there {8 no evidence that {he | neighborhood attracted visitors for any but business purposes | Notwithstanding this there was In those | times a settled {nstead of 4 nomad popula- | tion and travelers once must have been rather frequent, for in_one place many | drawings of persons, animals und trital marks are scratched upon the rocks, Some of the figures evidently are much older than others, but, as & whole, they recall to mem- ory the Sinaitic inscriptions which som forty vears ago were belloved to be me morials of the wanderifigs of the Israelit BOERS AND THE SCRIPTURE Primitive of the People of Oom Paul in the Bibl “Sit where you are g sternly commanded Panl I t in God." *in Holland the oiher day, a< his fr | leaped from the carriage. But th old man reached past the driver w oke und pulled 1he rupaway hol Ik, reports the New York Mail and Ex- <. ‘he words and the deed ure alfk characieristic of the singular man who re buked t nthusinstic Duteh when they cheered him on the Sabbath day, and who | began his futile quest for an interver | sending to his wiie the Biblical text, p 1on. of fatalism fn Oom | ¥ akin to supersti- | many atrong ind Linealn, | glishmen com- | fore their gov- | im. “That o'd bly both ernment went tc Faul Krug Davitt is Te- t before the fall | sort_of spivit- uallst seance busines ome blind boy, | predicting covents that are to happen on | certaln days.” There is before us an ad- iress of Mr. Kruger delivered at a joint fon of the Volksraad, called at about he same time, in whi uments on ihe franchise are’ Interlaced with scriptural texts, wherein the Britlsn empire is seen to be'the Beast of Revelation, the devil wh) “walketh about as a roaring lon,” Ahab and “the present Baby The Lord, M. Kruger concludes, 15 still the Boer “com- 1 sald about the Roer primi- faith in specific fnterventions of provi- e, as well as his i tion Lo interpret | biblical texts in the light of current events, and there is no doubt that from a military | standpoint this trait of his character is not altogether fortunate. A text in Psalms, for- bidding the pursuit of an cnemy, has saved defeated Britlsh forces from being run down | and destroyed, and only the other day at | 4 sherg, 'Clements was permitted to | get away while the victors held « thanks- giving service on the licld of battle, Ney thelexs It fs his faith that the Lord and that “the day of grace is not far from | his people,” that has glven the burgher the staying power which, by exhavsting his opponents, affords his best hape of final vie- tory. And his fatalism is of that yvigorous sort that led Paul Kruger to use his own glgantic strength in a runaway, even whilo calling on the Lord Women First-the medicine that holds the record for the largest number of ahso~ lute Cures of female ilis is Lydia E. Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound. Second—Nirs. Pinkham can show by her letter files in Lynn that a mil- llon women have been restored to health by her mediolne and advice. Third —All letters to Mrs. Pinkham are recelved, opened, read and an- swered by women only. This faot Is oertified to by the mayor and postmas- ter of Lynn and others of Mrs. Pinkham’s own city. Write for free kaock con- taining these certificates. Every alling woman is Invited to write to Mrs. Pinkham and get her ad- vice free of charge. Lydia E. Plakham Med. Co,, Lynn, Mase. JANUARY () L) 3, 1901, A Fortune in Cash Prizes First Prize $1.000 Second Prize . . . ... $500 Five Prizes of $100 each . $500 Five Prizes of $50 each . $250 Ten Prizes of $25 each . . $250 The Twentieth Century Farmer is an ideal agricultural and family weekly published by The Bee Publishing Company of Omaha, Neb., in magazine form, containing twenty- four pages or more, It contains departments particularly interesting to the farmer, devoted to livestock, farm crops, the dairy, poultry yard, orchard and garden, farm machinery, veterinary topics and irrigation. The market page is one which is both complete and can be relied upon. Besides this there are a number of special arti- cles each week by the most competent specialists in every branch of agriculture. N A T'he farmer’s wife too has her share of space with receipts and suggestions on cookery, dressmaking, fancy work, care of flowers, and matters particularly pleasing to her; while the children have a department edited for their exclusive benefit. Four or five pages are devoted to a complete review of the news of the week, covering both the happenings at home and abroad, and news in partic- ular interesting to the great farming west. Everybody in the household will be eager for the stories and I'rank Carpenter's letters, and all the good things that one likes to read after the lamps are lighted and the day’s work is done. How the Prizes will be Awarded. These prizes will be awarded in a contest which any one may enter in securing subscriptions for The Twentieth Century Farmer. The contest will begin January 1st, 1901, and will end as soon as 10,000 orders have been turned in to the publisher by the contestants. The person sending in the largest number of orders before the close of the contest will receive the first cash prize of $1,000.00. The person sending in the next highest number will receive the second cash prize of $500.00. The next five persons having the highest number will each receive a prize of $100.00 each. In regular order the next five will each reccive $50.00 each and the following ten will each receive a cash prize of $25.00. At least 1,000 persons ought to enter this contest. But say only 400 should enter. It would take only an average of 26 orders for each agent to make up the number and the one sending in the highest number will get the first prize, and so on. For this reason send ir your orders early. Good Pay for Your Work Whether You Win or Lose You get a large commission, besides, for every order you turn in so that you will be' well paid for the work you do in the contest whether you win or lose. Write to us for particulars and for sample copies, and also state that you wish to have your name entered in the contest, so that orders will be credited to you when you send them in. The price of the Twentieth Century Farmer is one dollar per year, Every farmer everywhere wants it. The Twentieth Century Farmer The Bee Publishing Co., Props. OMAHA, NEB.