Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, August 18, 1895, Page 13

SENATORHOARONTIE A.P.A 'S Massachnsetts Puritan of Puritans Vigor- ously Expresses His Viewa, BANEFUL EFFECTS OF PROSCRIPTION of the Mountain Top and the Sune light and the Open Field—Em- blem the BEngle, Not the Hat.” Hon. George Frisblo Hoar, the distinguished republican senator from Massachusetls, has taken advantage of a misquotation by T. C. Evans of Boston of his views on the A. P. A, question to define exactly his position on religlous principles as affecting the policy of political partics and the management of the public schools. The letier of the senator, briefly outlined in the dispatcies, is as fol- lows: WORCESTER, Aug. 5.—T. C. Evans, Beq My Dear Sir—One of the great evils, thoug! by no means the groatost evil, of secre political socleties is that foolish and extr: gant statements about men who don't agree with them get circulated without opportunity for contradiction or explanation. You scem to be a well meaning and intelligent man, yet [ am amazed that any well meaning and intelligent man should believe such stuff as you repeat In your letter of August 3. I never said, thought or dreamed what you impute to me. 1 don’t believe there ever was any report in the Worcester Telegram to that effect. Certainly there is nome in the report of what I sald in the summer #chool at Clark university the morning after, and there is no such statement In any of the other Worcester newspapers. 1 have naver anywhere expressed the ilea that there should be a confessional or that there was any need of a father confessor, or that I wanted to see something in our Protestant churches like the father confessor in the Catholie. ~ The whole thing is a_miserable lie and invention made out of whole cloth. The language which you quote about an at- tempt to recall, on one side, “‘the cruelties of the Catholic church and frighten our women and children with horrid hobgoblins,” is not my language. That does appear in the Telegram. But it is the reporter's state- ment of what he understood my idea to be in his own language. What I £aid was that “we are confronted with a public danger which comes from an attempt to rouse the old feelings of the dark ages, and which ought to have ended with them, between men who have different forms of faith. It is an attempt to recall, on one side, the cruelties of the Catholic church and to frighten old women of both sexes, and, on the other side, to band the men of the Catholic church to- gother for political action. Both these at- tempts will fail.” There is no more zealous believer in the prineiples of the New England Puritans and no more zealous advocate of them than I am. “Thero is not a man in Massachusetts who has more at heart the welfare and perpetuity of our system of free common schools than I have. I was the first person, so far as I know, who called public attention to the fact that they were in danger, in any formal way 1 drew and had put into the platform of the republican state conveution the following reso- lution: ““The republican party ever has main- tained and ever will maintain and defend the common schools of Massachusetts as the very citadel of their liberties, and the source of her glory, greatness and happiness. They shall be kept open to all the children and free from all partisan and sectarian control.” This doctrine 1 stand by. The dif- ference between you and me is a difference of method. I want to get the 700,000 Catho- lica In Massachusetts on our side. I want them to send their children to the public schools, to pay thelr share of the cost, and + when their young men and young women are suitable, are intelligent, liberal persons, at- tached to the school system, I want some of them to be employed as teachers. I don't wish to exclude them from my political sup- port when they are republicans and agree Wwith me in other matters, because of their religious faith. Nor do I wish to exclude them from belng public school teachers, it they will keep their particular religious tenets out of the instruction, because of their religious faith, any more than I would have excluded Phil Sheridan from his office in the army or would have refused to support him for any public office, if he had been nomi- nated for It. Further, I want to state and ad- vocate my opinions in the face of day; and you may be sure that this I shall do without flinching before anybody's threats or any- body's displeasure or indignation. You, on the other hand, I understand, want to go into a cellar to declare your principles. You want to joln an association whose members are ashamed to confess they belong to it; many of whom, without apparently forfeiting the respect of their fellows, lie about their membership in it, when they are asked about it. You want to mass together the whole Catholic population of Massachusetts to the support of their extreme and wrong-headed priests, if any such can be found. The difference between us is a difference of methods in accomplishing the same re- sult. I think your method would overthrow the common school system, would overthrow the republican party, and would end by sing together all ‘the Catholic voters, as ription always does mass men together, increase and strengthen that politicai power which you profess so much to dread. When O'Nell, the young Catholic_soldier ot Worcester, lay dying, he said: *“Write to my dear mother and tell her I die for my country. 1 wish 1 had two lives to give. det the union flag ‘be wrapped about me and a fold of it lald under my head.”” 1 feel proud that God gave me such a man to ,be my “countryman and townsman. I have ivery little respect for the Americanism that 18 not moved and stirred by such a story. It O'Nell had left a daughter who had her father's spirit, I would be willing to trust my child or grandchild to her instruction in secular education in the public school, even it the father had kissed with his last breath \the cross on which the Savior died, or even it the parting soul had received comfort from the lips of Thomas Conaty or John Power or John Treland or Archbishop Wil- . llams. When John Boyle O'Reilly, the Cath- olic_poet, sang the praises of the Pilgrims at Plymouth in that noblest of odes, when < he quoted in his preface from William Brad- - ford and John Robinson and Robert Cush- man, 1 was glad to hear what he said, es- pecially when he quoted from the lips of i the clergyman, Robinson: “I charge you be- fore God that you follow me no further than Fou have seen me follow the Lord Jesus Christ. It God reveals anything to you by any other Instrument of his, be as ready tv recelve It as ever you were to recelve any truth by my ministry, for I am verily per- suaded, I am very confident the Lord has more truths yet fo break forth out of His Holy Word.” "I liked what he said. 1f I un- derstand your former letter, correctly, you didn't. There is where we differ. When John Boyle O'Reilly said, declaring the very spirit of New England puritanism, and speak. ing of religlous faith, ““the one sacred revo- lution is change of mind; when he spoke these noble lines: 80 held they firm, the Fathers a; o to be, From home to Holland, Holland to the sea— Pilgrims for manhood, in their little ship, Hope In each heart and prayer on every Apart from all-unique, unworldly, true, Belected grain to sow the earth anew; A winnowed part—a saving remnant thev; Dreamers who work—adventurers who ray ! we know thew by the exile that was theirs; Thelr justice, faith and fortitude attest; When he further said: On the wintry main God flings " their lives as farmers scatter rain. Mis breath propels the winged seed afloat; His tempests swerve to spare the fragilé Here, on this rock, and on this sterile soil, Began the kingdom not of kings, but men} Began the making of the world again, Their primal code of Ilhl'rl‘: their rules Of civil right; their churches, courts and schools; e al Their freedom’s down— . The spring of government is the little town! On_ their strong lines we base our soclal health— The man—the home—the town, the monwealth ! ;helr #aintly Robinson was left behind 0 teach by gentle memory; to shame The bigot spirit and the word of flame; Mo write dear mercy in the Pilgrim's law; To lead to that wide faith his soul fore- Saw— That no rejected race in darkness delves. 1 liked what he said. 1t I understand your former letter, you didn’t. You don't want a man who differs from you saying or thinking Such things. [ want the whole 700,000 Catholics of Massachuseits to believe what very secret here com- | | | minister, doctor of divinity, re | sermo, John Boyle O'Rellly belloved, and to love ard reverence the puritan founders of Musea- chusetts as he did, and I think my way is the way to make them do it. You don't, if I understand you. You think the way to make good citizens and good mien of them and to attract them to Protestantism is to exclude them, their sons and daughters, from all public employment and to go yourselt into the dark cellar and curse at them through the gratings of the windows. 1 stated my religlous faith and my ideas of the relation of our religious denominations HAtmosphere of Republic fn the Afe|'0 €1ch other in an address I delivered at Saratoga | year, of which 1 copy, and which I hope, as you have kindly volunteered to send me so much of your opinion, you may perhaps be willing to read. d you a It doesn't become me to say anything about | it myself. I am deeply xensible of its im- perfections. It fails to do justice to what is in my own heart. But pernaps I may be permitted to say that within a few weeks afwer it was delivered an eminent Catholic clergyman sent me a message, ng his delight in ft. The most famous Episcopal bishop in the country sald to a friend of mine that he had read it with great pleasure and that it sounded to him like the old times. A Daptist minister, bearing one of the most distinguished names in the country, wrote me a letter, in which he said, as he read ft: “At eve tence I sald to my- self, Amen, Ame n eminent orthodox d it aloud to instead of his Sunday’s And a ‘very cxcellent and Methodist minister wrote to me and said: I that is Unitariznism 1 am afraid 1 am a Unitarian.” 1 think the time come to throw down the walls between Christians and not to bulld new ones. I think the ne has come to inculeate harmon 1 good will between all American citizens, especially between all citizens of the old commonwealth of Massachusetts, You quote some expressions which you attribute to Catholic clergymen. 1f you don't get any nearer right in quoting them than you do in quoting me I don’t believe that they ever safd any such thing. If they have they never will persuade any considerable number of Catholic laity, in this country, in this nineteenth century, to follow them, I don't think you will succeed in getting any nsiderable number of the people of this country, who are able to read and write or to count ten on their fingers, to belicve that, as I am entering my 70th year, I am actuated by any personal ambitions’ in the counsel which I give my fellow citizens, I don’t think you will get them to believe that, if I were o actuated, I should begin by saying anything which would estrange a conslderable number of the Protestant re- publican citizens of Massachuset:s, 1 don't think you will convince them that I am in- different to the good will of so large a portion of the American people as are said to be enlisted in the ranks of the secret scclety to which you refer. If you know as little ‘of your Cathollc fellow citizens as you know of me you have a good deal as yet to learn of the subject of which you are speak- ing On the other hand, you may be quite sure 1 should be unwilling 'to do injustice to any of my fellow citizens. They will hardly need to be assured that I would not lightly or unnecessarily incur their disapprobation. But you may perhaps think it pardonable that T should not be thoroughly informed as to the principles, motives and conduct of a secret soclety. As you have undertaken the duty of giving me fnformation, will you kindly answer for me the following ques- tions? First—Is the organization refer a secret: organization? sions in the face of day? whose political errors they especially op- pose, have an opportunity to know their purposes and to be convinced by their argu- ments? If the organizatton be in any re- spect secret, why is it deemed necessary to maintain such sccrecy in the United States of America and at the close of the nine- teenth century? Second—Is it the custom of many persons who belong to it to deny, when required of, that they are mombers of such an assocla- tion? And if this be true, does such a falsehood cost *hem the respect and friend- ship of their associates or diminish their In- fluence in the order? Third—Do members of the association, after Joining it, retain thelr membership of other nolitical partles? Jo they agree together upon candidates for offices or delegates to conventions to nominate officers and then go into their party caucuses to support such delegates, agreed upon in secret, withont consultation ‘with their political brethren? If that be true, does it seem to you that course 1s honest? Fourth—Do you understand that any con- siderable number of Catholic laymen, in this country, accept the Interpretation which you put upon the fifteen articles, which you auote as principles of the Roman Catholic church? TIs it not true that that interpreta- tion is absolutely rejected by the Catholic loity in general and that they affirm for themselves as absolute independence of the pope or of the clergy In all secular matters as you or I claim for ourselves in regard to Protestant clergymen? Fifth—Are not Italy and France, two Catolic countries, today as absolutely free from any temporal power or influence of the pone or the Catholic clergy as is Massachu- setts? Sixth—T have had sent me a little leaflet, purporting to be the principles of the Ameri- can Protective association, which you doubt- less have seen. When you say, In your third article, that the American Profective assocla- tion is opposed to the holding of offices in (he national, state or municipal government by any subject or supporter of such ecclesiastical power; and in your fifth article, that you “protest against the employment of the sub- Jects of any unamerican ecclesiastical power as officers or teachers of our public schools, do you mean or no that no Catholic shall hold such national, state or municipal office, and that no Catholic shall be a teacher in a public school? You don’t answer this ques- tion by quoting the language of church officials in bygone days or the Intemperate language of some priests in recent times. It Is a practical question. Do you or do you not mean to exclude from such office and from such employment as teachers the Bulk of the Catholic population of Massachusetts? Seventh—Is it your opinfon that General Philip H. Sheridan, were he living, would be unfit to hold civil or milttary office in this country? Or that his daughter, if she en- tertained the religious belief of her father, should be disqualified from being a teacher In a public school? T have no pride of opinion. T shall be very glad to revise any opinion of mine, and, as you state it, I shall be very glad to “know better in the future,” if you will Kindly en- lighten me. You and I, as I have sald, have the same object at heart. We desire, above all things the maintenance of the principles of civii and religious liberty; and above all other in- strumentalities to that end, the maintenance of our common school system, at the public charge, open to all the children and free from partisan or sectarian control. If you and I qiffer, it is only as to what {s the best means of acconiplishing these ends. If you think that they are best accomplished by secret societies, by hiding from the face of day, by men who will not acknowledge what they are doing, and by refusing public employment to men and women who think on these sub- jects exactly as we do, but whose religlous faith differs from ours, then I ‘don’t agree with you. I think your method will result tn driving and compacting together, in solid mass, perscns who will soon number -nearly 50 per cent of the voting population of Massa- chusetts. Nothing strengthens men, nothing makes them 8o hard to hear reason, nothing s0 drives them to extremity in opinion or in action as persecution or proscription. On the other hand, my method is ths met'icd of absolute freedom and of pure reason. The tholic boy, who has grown up in our com- mon schools, who has formed his youthful friendships with his Protestant classmates, whose daughter or sister, as he grows older, is employed as a teacher, will very soon be attached to our common school system as we are ourselves. He will be required, as he gets property, to pay his share for its support. He cannot ask to be exempt from a tax to which all Protestants cheerfully submp, whether their own children be fn the schools or not, and he will not easily be made to glve bis consent to paying twice. The Ameri- can spirit, the spirit of the age, the spirit of liberty, the spirit of equality, especially what Roger Willlams called “‘soul liberty,” is able to maintain herself in a fair field and a free contest against all comers. Do not compel her to fight in a cellar. Do not compel her to breathe the damp malarial atmosphere of dark places. Especially let no member of the republican party, the last child of freedom lend his ald to such an effort. The at- mosphere of the republic is the alr of the mountain top and the sunlight and the open fleld. Her emblem is the eagle and not the bat. I am, faithtully your: GEORGE F. HOAR. his parish, in full, to which you Are its discus- Do the persons, able | SMUGCLING AS A FINE ART Shrewd and Crude Methods Employed to COheat the Governmont. MILLIONS OF DOLLARS LOST EVERY YEAR Tricks Worked by Runners for Importing Honses— Enormous Importations by Trave- elers Which Pay No Duty. (Copyrighted, 1595, by Frank (. Carpenter.) WASHINGTON, Aug. 15.—~The enormous amounts of which Uncle Sam is robbed through custom house frauds will never be known. The government has 4,800 employes devoted to their detection, and its sples are scattered all over the world. Its collections in the way of duties amounted last year to more than $132,000,000, and the expense of making these collections was almost 6 per cent of this vast sum. The amount uncol- lected will never be known. Our custom house records are peppered with perjury and fraud. Many of the big importers are in collu- sion with the European manufacturers to cvade the payment of duties, They enter their goods at much lower prices than they actually pay for them, notwithstanding the fact that it they are discovered they are subject to heavy flnes and increased duties. I saw a summary of the coliections made by the Treasury department during the past few years of this sort of fines and amounts arising from undervaluation. During the past five years the Treasury department has col- lected more than $5,000,000 in penaltiés and in the increase of duties. This is a million dollars a year, and it probably does not represent one-tenth of the actual amount that Uncle Sam is annually robbed of in this way. The law as to the importation of goods is very strict. A foreign merchant who ships £oods liere must first go before the American consul at the port from which he intends to ship the merchandise and swear as to the kinds, qualities and quantity of the articles he proposes to ship to the United States. He has o have three invoices, describing the goods and glving their cost in Burope. The law provides that the goods mustbe entered for duty at the market price paid for them in Europe, and at the prices at which they are sold to other countries. In many cases the goods are entered at a much lower valuation than this. The Buropean merchant charges the fmporter a fair price, but he makes out the bill for a lower price, and the two try to cheat the government out of its duties. At the present time the cus- toms bureau has its special examiners or de- tectives traveling about through Europe and trying to prevent this. They are visiting big factories. They are inquiring into the prices. They are making their reports to the consuls, and it is their business to find out how Un- cle Sam is being cheated and prevent it. They are not doing this, but they are doing something. But notwithstanding their ef- forts millions of dollars’ worth of goods are fraudulently imported every year, and they strive in vain to mend this hole in Uncle Sam’s pocket. HOW TRAVELERS CHEAT THE CUSTOMS, Enormous amounts of goods are smuggled into the United States by travelers every year. It is estimated that there are now in Kurope more than 100,000 Americans who are taking their summer vacations on the other side, and who wiil return in the fall. At a low estimate ninety out of every hundred of thesa will bring back at least $100 worth of European goods. 1 talked with a Treasury department official about this matter yester- day, and he said that $200 would be a low estimate. You can easily see how these purchases will run into the tens of thousands and into the millions, The most of the goods will be dutiable, and it is safe to say that the above amount will evade the customs. At $100 per traveler tais means the introduction of $9,000,000 worth of dutiable goods, and at $200 per person it would amount to $18,000,000 worth. These travelers will be met upon their arrival in New York, and the goods wiil be passed as personal effects. A woman has the right, according to the law, to a ward- robe corresponding with her station in life, and if she is welito-do she can load herself with dfamonds. Many a New York swell brings In eight or ten suits of clothes, and 1 am told that there are men who make vaca- tion trips to Europe on the basis that the exgenses of their trip will be largely made up by the profits which”will come to them through buying their winter clothing in Europe. PARIS DRESSES ARE SMUGGLED. This is especially so when women are to be considered. Dresses cost just about half abroad what they do at home, and they are smuggled in by the tens of thousands. 1 was told the other day by a man connected with the customs that New York dress- makers often send the girls in their employ- ment to Europe with the proper measure- ments for dresses for their customers. The dresses are made in the fatest Paris styles and are furnished to the Americans at exor- bitant prices. The dressmaking girls pass them through as thelr own personal property, and some of the maldens, who, on the big ocean steamer lines, are looked upon as Anierican heiresses are smuggling milliners. The government does all it can to prevent such importations. It has its detectives on both sides of the big pond, and the steward- esses of the steamships often give tips to the inspectors. There are female inspectors at New York who sometimes meet these smug- gling maidens upon their landing. They may have gotten a pointer on the other side, or the girls may have been too confiding in their talks with other people on the vessel. If they are suspected they are taken with their baggage into a private room at the custom house. If the girl can not show that she is all right her wardrobe is sometimes taken from her. If the inspectresses are pretty sure she is a smuggler they make her try on some of the clothes. A girl with a thirty- four-inch bust often finds much troubls in explaining the possession of a forty-two-inch Paris corset, and a tall, gaunt maiden of five feet ten looks very funny when her form Is clad in a Paris dress made for one of the young women of the 400 who measures five foet two. The inspectors have to be very careful, however, In making such arrests. They must have something more than pure suspicion to depend upon, as the examination of innocent persons Is liable to involye them in great trouble. The dressmakers of Parls, however, seam to have no compunctions or doubts about their being able to deliver goods in America, and I have heard English tailors say again and again that they could fill any orders that I would send fhem at London price; I am told that there are English tallors who send their representatives to America every year to carry cloths over and bring new measurements back. Among the cus- tomers of these men are some of our most noted public characters, and a list of the names of American swells who get their clothes in this way would make interesting reading. SOME DIAMOND STORIES, It is hard to get the real facts about smuggling from the officers -of the United States treasury. Our customs officlals are, to a large extent, detectives, and they wili not permit their names to be used in con- nection with any information which they give to the press. They think that the ex- position of the methods of smuggling would incite others to go and do likewlse, and the information which I give in this article is based upon talks with a numben of prom- inent officials whose names I cannot give. The expsctation is that a great amount of Jewelry will be brought into the United States by the travelers this fall. The good times are fast (hrowing down the fences of economy, and”the savings of the past few years will cause a heavy European ex- penditure. There will be a good demand for diamonds with our approaching pros- perity, and they will be brought in in all sorts ‘of ways. Not long ago a youna American swell attempted to evade the cus- toms on a dlamond present. He was In Burope and he wanted to semd these di monds to Miss Fay Templeton, the actress He did not cire to leave Europe himself, and he perhaps thought it safer to send the diamonds by his valet. The young man arrived In New York all right.” He was an ordinary looking fellow, and he passed the inspectors without trouble. As he hurried up the wharf, however, his haste was noted by one of the officers, whose sharp eyes also discovered that the young man's coat talls wobbled in a very curious way. It looksd as though there was something heavy In his rear pocket. They called to him. He stopped, and they AU isked him what made his coat bulge out n (hat strange mapner. He turned white at the question and Warted to run. They selzed him and found the diamonds in his pocket. They wege, confiacated, of courss, and the actress loft her jewels. A DRINK WHICH COST $300. Another prominent American who for some time was the head of an American exchange in London did quitd a'smuggling business in the way of diamonds! He passed the cus toms several times awd he finally became so bold that he boasted to his fellows that he could bring through ‘any amount of jewels without trouble. Ofe day while taking a drink in the Hoffmap house bar room the subject of passing the customs officers came up, and this man sild “Why, gentlemen, #t Is the easiest thing imaginable to skin, those custom house offi- cers. They think fhey are very smart, but they are blind as bats. I could give you a dozen ways to get ymst them. 1 have brought in clothes and jewels, and 1 have never been detected. Why, only last January I brought in a diamond necklace and sold it to a big corset manufacturer who wanted it for his wife. 1 got $1,280 for that necklace and both the lady and myself made a nice thing oft of it.”" While the young man was saying this, however, it happened that a speclal treasury agent was standing near by. He in- quired ‘as to the smuggler's identity. He looked the matter up during the next few days and reported it to the collector. The manager of the exchange, the gentleman smuggler, received notice to come up to the custom house, and before he Jeft he paid $300 for that drink and the indiscreet remark which followed it in the Hoffman bar room. The detective, of course, got his percentage, and had the smuggler not been a man of promi- nence he might have gone to prison. This man is by no means the first who has been discovered by the revenue officers by his boasting. Every year a number of smuggling operations are discovered by the criminals being too free with their confi- dences both on the way across the Atlantic and after they have arrived. An instance occurred not long ago of a politician trom one of the western states who got a valuable di mond through without paying and then sold it for $20,000. After doing so he boasted to his fellows about it. He had an enemy in the crowd and this man sent a note to the New York custom house. An inspector w sent out and the man was arrested. He had to refund, and instead of making a fortune he lost one. Diamonds are smuggled in all sorts of ways. They are so small that they can easily be concealed, and it is not unusual to put them into soap. to have them sunk between the soles of the shoes or in the padding of a coat. The treasury officials say that instances are known of men concealing diamonds and pearls under porous plasters, and cases have oceurred where they have been put into raw meat and fed to dogs just before landing, and the dogs thus brought off with the diamonds inside of them. This last is something similar to a story which has just come ont concerning the smuggling of opium from British Columbia Into the United States. As the story goes, it is doc- tored up and fed to old oxen, who are then driven across the frontier and killed in order to get the opium out of their stomachs. Any one who knows anything as to the horrible taste of opium and of the decided objection that any sensible ox would have to eating it would regard this story as decidedly fishy. At least it is so regarded at the Treasury department. MONEY IN OPIUM. Opium s smuggled, however, in all sorts of ways. The business has fallen oft some since the reduction of the duty from $12 to $6 a pound. It still goes on, however, and great quantities are shipped into the United States every year. 1t 1s estimated that 400,000 pounds of the drug are used annually in the United States, and a treasury official says that more than 1,000,000 of our people have the opfum habif 'in ‘a greater or less degree. There ara hundreds of men and women who use laudanum and opium who are never suspected, and the opium commis- sion, which was sent by England to India, and which has just made itg report, states that moderate oplum users are just as com- mon in the far east as moderate drinkers are in this country, and tht one can eat a little opium all his life without becoming an opium drunkard. ‘At any rate, there is a vast consumption of ‘opium in' the United States, and it Is estimated that at least 100,- 000 pounds of that nsed are smuggled across the northern frontier from British Columbia. This escapes the duty, and at the old rate it would represent a joss to Uncle Sam of $1,200,000 a year, and at the present duty of $600,000 a year. The opium is brought in the crude state from China or India and is manufactured at the great factories along Puget sound into opium for smoking and medicine. The British own the factories but the Chinese, I am told, do the work, I is sald that hundreds of thousands of dollars are invested in the business, and fortunes have, 1 am told, been made by smuggling the drug into the United States THE PORTLAND OPIUM RING, For years there was a great oplum ring on the Pacific coast. The department knew that it was in operation, but it could not gat evidence against It. Tt was %0 strong that it bribed or intimidated the agents. About two years ago, however, sufficient evidence was collected for the demanding of a special grand Jury at Portland, and this grand jury found indictments against twenty-seven per- sons, among whom were an ex-collector of customs and an ex-special agent. A few months later another grand jury found ad- ditional indictments, and forty persons were charged by the two juries with conspiracy to smuggle oplum and Chinese laborers into the United States. As the matter went on it was found to be even more serious than had been suspected. The trials established that in the twelve months preceding 30,000 pounds of oplum had been smuggled into Portland alone. This should have paid a duty of $180,000, and it was also shown that the same ring had during that time smuggled in 1,500 Chinese laborers. In the ring were some prominent men of the states of Wash- ington and Oregon, and of the forty, seven of the smugglers pleaded guilty and three others were convicted. EX-CUSTOM HOUSE OFFICERS AS SMUG- GLERS. It is a curious thing that ex-custom house officers frequently engage in smuggling. The ex-collector of this Portland ring was probibly tempted by the money made in the successful smuggling of opium, which passed under his eyes while in office, to engage In the same business. A similar case occurred not long ago on Puget sound. An ex-offictal had smug- gled in a lot of oplum in cans. Ha was sus- pected, and the cans were captured, and put into a government wdrehouse. Upon being taken he did not deny having the oplum, but said that he had gone into the scheme in or- der to detect other smugglers, and that he was still working for the United States, This was not believed by the inspectors, and they kept a close watch upon him and the op'um. It was afterward found that his friends had bribed the Janitor, and they were discovered removing the oplum and putting blocks of wood Into the cans. This was found out be- fore the trial. Had it not been so, the ex- official would have said that they should open the cans In court, and upon the wood beink discovered the story of his being a bogus smuggler for the sake of his detective scheme would have seemed trud, and he would prob- ably have escaped. Angiher case of a customs official becoming corrupt was that of a man named Gardner, who was acting as chief in- spector in the Port (Tawnsend district, when four trunks came nto Seattle, checked to Portland, The inspector at Seattle suspected that they contained oplum, and he telegraphed abead that they showld be detaiued. This man was a subordinate of Gardner's, and Gardner, hearing of tbis telegram, went on ahead and took chafge of the trunks on the ground that he was the @hlef Inspector and had the right to do so. He took these trunks back to Tacoma and secrptly sold the oplum, and then reported to the department that the boxes found in the trunks had no real opium, but only dummy pagkages of tar. It is esti- mated that there was $10,000 worth of the drug in the trunks. Girdner was finally re- moved from office. 'He continued his smug- gling in a private capacity, and was eventu- ally arrested and sent to prison. A great deal of opium 1s brought in by Chinamen. Nearly every laborer who {s smuggled into the United States brings more or less opium, and Chinamen aid the smugglers on this side of the border. Oplum is sometimes hidden in the coal of the ships which land at San Francisco and other points along the coast. It is brought in the bottoms of trunks, and in many other ways NAVAL OFFICERS AS SMUGGLERS. 1 am told that a great many things are brought into the United States by naval officers, They are classed as personal ef- fects, and they are not as a rule offered by the officials for sale, though such cases have been known. Not a long time ago a merchant vessel was sent by the Navy de- partment to Havana to bring back to the GUST 18, 1895, United States some shipwrecked sallors. While there the officers in charge bought a great lot of cheap clgars. There were so many of them that they corded them up In A great pile on the deck, and over this plle they threw a lot of old sallcloth. When the customs officers appeared and asked them if they had any dutiable goods on board the naval ofcers pointed to this plle and said that it contained cigars. They laughed as they did so, and the customs officers thought that they were being guyed. They had never seen cigars put up in that way, and they passed over the stack of sallcloth without further examination, Liquors have been brought by naval officers, and one of marine corps told me once of an experi ence which he had at Halifax He had gone Into a large liquor store, and the man had offered him some very cheap cigars and showed him samples of fine wines, liquors and brandies. As he tasted them the merchant sald, “Of course, ou want to load up here with Scotch whisky Hennesy brandy You can get the goods here for half what th will cost you in the United States. We are doing a big trade with the navy A _number of your ships have called here, and I have sold the officer rge orders.” My fri of the revenue marine sald that this was against the law, and that he could not take goods into the United States in that way The merchant was much surprised, and he had evidently been doing a large business with the nav SENATOR AND A SMUGGLED DRESS. 1t is not often that our American consuls try to rob Uncle Sam, but they do it now and then. senator was into Canada the revenus caught smuggling. His son was vice consul at one of the interior towns in Germany, and he had sent in_the State department mail bag a package to his father, which was supposed to contain pap The Treasury department had been much troubled with petty smuggling, and in some way this package came under the eyes of one of the special agents abroad. He wrote to the State department and asked if it could be exam- ined. The senator was notified when the package arrived, and he went to the depart- ment for it. He was told that there had been a question raised as to the contents of the package, and that it must be opened at the department. He stormed and protested The clerk in charge, however, quietly opened the package in spite of his objections, and then held up before the senator's eyes about thirty yards of the finest black gros-grained silk. The senator at once subsided. He became meek as a lamb, and allowed the silk to be sent on to New York for appraise- ment. The duty was high at that time, and he paid about $1 a yard to get the dress. The matter was kept quiet, and it came to me through one of the old officlals, who was connected with the State department at the time. There are 3,000,000 bachelors in this coun- try. Willie Park, the professional golf cham- plon, is to be married next month to Miss Maggie Inglis, a comely Scotch maiden. Williz attributes his success at golf playing to his sweetheart’s picture, which he always carries in an inside pocket during his matches. Sir William P. Howland, K. C. M. G. C. B., ex-lieutenant governor of Ontario, and president of the Confederation Life Assur- ance company, who is now in his 86th year, will soon lead to the altar the widow of James Bethune, late manager of the Domin- fon bank. Sir William is an American by birth. The first wedding of celestials after the American fashion that ever vccurred in Chi- natown, San Francisco, was celebrated a few days ago. The bridegroom was Fong Chu, a wealthy merchant, and his bride was Soon Fong. The only oriental feature of the wed- ding was the costumes of the principals and many of the guests. A bashtul young man while attending a revival meeting was approached by an earn- est woman, who said to him: My dear young triend, it ‘would do my heart good to lead you to the altar.” The young fellow he: tatingly replied *‘that he appreclated the houor, but he was already engaged to two girls and he could mot accommodate her.” “I'm about 0 be married,” writes a girl to the Atchison Globe, “and instead of re- ceiving congratwiations I am aware that I need a defense, and take this means of mak- ing it. I am 27 years old—old enough to know better and do better; but I have no choice. The man is a widower with one child. He liked his first wife better than he does me; I Itked a man years ago better than 1 like him, so we are quits on_ that. He wants a_housekeeper; I want a home. I was brought up to sing u little and play a little, but have no trade. My parents will be glad to sce me settled. 1 would be happier earning $5 or $6 a week and takiny care of myself, but I was not taught how. There are thousands of women in my posl- tion. Every man who brings up his daugh- ters without starting them with the means of earning a livelihood is responsible for just such a mistake as I'shall make next month.” In Alabama of late a wedding ceremony was interrupted by the simultaneous iliness of the bride and bridegroum, the brides- maids and the best man and the parson, to- gether with most of the assembled guests, including the small boys who hovered about the fringe of the occasion according to their wont and habit. The symptoms of all were allke, manifesting themselves In epigastric disorder, and resulting in thelr rapld dis- persal, leaving the candidates for matri- mony from haif to two-thirds married, with some uncertainty as to the exact point at which the proceedings broke off. It turned out that shortly before the ceremony all the company had partaken of ice cream supplied by the local confectioner, whom it was after- ward proposed to lynch, though he skatly maintained the innocence of his cream and character and offered to fight the malcon- tents one by one as long as any of them could be found to meet him. The guesrs all recovered during the afternoon, and the ceremony was resumed and completed on the following day. YE OLDEN DAYS. Written for The Tee. How sweet it were once more to see, As light as any bird and free, In the fresh morn o'er wooded ways, The maiden of the olden days! With lithesome form and fair hand slim, Holding above her ankle trim Beruffled skirt. In no disguise The coquetry within her eves, And the half shaded, sidelong gaze. There, ‘neath the elm tree's kindly shade, Wheré simple lover vows were made, I know full well she tried his heart With many u stealthy, honeyed dart; Though bending o'er her tapestry, Arch-innocent, feigned not to see, And like the bud the wild bee sips, She pursed her dainty, curving lips And smiled at him in fond amaze. How oft he left In righteous wrath, Frowning his way along the pat In sooth, it were not fair nor bes give his loyal love such test! And yet to see the violet eyes (Love stars unveiled when Cupid sighs), He turns again, ah, fatal thought He might have known if he knew aught How she could bind him with her gaze! And, when the twilight soft and decp Had' fallen on the mountain steep, To see him ride o'er pathways old, With songs heroically bold, And halt beside the gateway tall, Just where the ivy hides the wail, And the soft jasmines interlace, (It must havé been their trysting place, And time has spared it on His ways.) He, springing to the ground, would greet Milady with a phrase so sweet That chivalry were not amiss The while he bended low to kiss The hand so slender, cool and white That In his own ‘twas hidden quite, And then she bids him ride away- Stll, in her heart she bids him stay, 8o gently was his knightly phrase, But T would see her later yet, Bowing the stately minuet; Ice cream brocade and powdered curls, And soft, fair throat, clasped round with pearls, And o'er her cheeks the roses blown Ah, the light time she must have known In the wide halls and drawing rooms, In the glad morn and twilight glooms— The Maiden of the olden days! KATHRYN RUSH. " Chicago Post: I saw her in fashlonable bathing attire on the beach at Narragansett Pler, but she wore spectacles.’” “'Of cours:. She always does. Why do you speak of it in that connection?"* ‘“‘Because I was particularly impressed by the fact that at least she did not expos: the naked eye. and | Some years ago a United States | | The BULL RUN OF THE LIBERALS An Investigation of the Oause of the Triumph of the Torics, PART PLAYED BY THE WORKINGMEN Why They Rallied to the Tory Stane huracter and Habits of LONDON, Aug ipecial Correspondence of The Bee.)—To fully account for the recent electoral revolution in Kngland, which has | obviously been brought about by a temporary | defection of *he working classes from the liberal ranks to the standard borne by tory- Ism, one must acquire an Inside knowl of the habits of that class.of Englishmen, must consider how, with such habits of thought and life, the masses of England's tollers would be likely to feel toward current issues, ant must make due allowance for the present day Influence of a certaln kind of long continued education and environment. It it be true, as this correspondence has aimed to show, that practically, so far as immediate measures of social and industrial relief are concerned, the workmen were left with little choice between (ories aud liberals, then_the bolt toward toryism must_be largely attributable to a dissatisfaction of the labor vote with the leading lines of liberal policy four great issues were local option, home rule, church disestablishment and the House of Lords. 1 have catalogued these fssues In the order in which, in my judg ment, they influenced the election. = On every point the Salisbury-Chamberlain for were for letting things alone, while the Rose bery-Harcourt party were committed on each line to some great change, though the issue, unfortunately, was somewhat confused by the fact that the liberals were not in perfect agreement on all points, and had not stated with entire precision just what the changes they promised would embrace. The question of home rule and church dis- establishment, it should be remembered, are ancient questions. They have agitated Parllament and the constituencies for many years. In one respect they are contem- poraneous, for it was generally understood, when state aid had been withdrawn from the Protestant Episcopal church in Ireland, that the first step had been taken toward Ire land’s emancipation politically. ~ Since then, however, home rule has had many ups and downs, and has proven to be such an frritant on both sides of the channel that it has palled to a certain extent on the national taste, and disestablishment, in the meantime, having crossed the channel into Wales, has come now o near to England ftself as to make it impossible for the Bnglishman to dissociate the threatened Welsh church from s own and that in Scotland. Thus, the nation is sick of the first of these fssues, and upon the other it is as yet in an alarmed state, with prejudice rather than conviction at the helm, ready to vote against it for no better reason, perbaps, than that It is not yet sufficiently informed ‘to feel that it could safely and Justly favor such a measure. EDUCATION NECESSARY. Before English voters will go any further 1o dismantling the church a long campaign of education will be necessary. The issue i complicated somewhat by the fact that in Scotland the established church is a Presby- terian church, Presbyterlanism forms a strong element in English non-conformity and the English non-conformists have been hitherto the backbone of the disestablishment party. But when one’s own faith and one's own dear forms of worship are threatened by the outworking of certain principles, one is apt to weaken in his attachment to those principles, and it is very evident that some- thing like this has happened in the ranks of the English non-conformists. Another point at which the religious ele- ment unfavorably affected the liberals was in the fact that this party came to the polls without the backing which it usually has from what is known in England as the non- conformist conscience. It was this which drove Parnell from power, and It was this which was always with Gladstone, not only the court of final appeal, but a court which in its final declsion never failed to support that great moral champion. In the late election the liberal party had for its prime min- ister the winner of two Derbys—an awful sin in non-conformist eyes. Wor its Irish secretary end most eloquent speaker it had John Morley, an agnostic; for the leader of its radical wing, Henry Labouchere, who is a sturdy friend of humanity, it is {rue, but who has in religious matters the reputation of being a skeptic; while Sir Willlam Har- court, whatever may be his creed, is held by tha masses to be as innocent of any dis- tinetively religious purpose as though he were o pronounced free thinker. The personality of Gladstone overshadowed these deficiencics, but that withdrawn, the gaunt facts of the situation stood cut in such bold relief that even the casual visitor was im- pressed by them THE NON-CONFORMIST CONSCIENCE. Much of the non-conformist conscience re- sides in the bosom of England’s sturdy toll- ers. The masses of the farm laborers who do little thinking are attached, like much of the sofl they cultivate, to the established church. They belong in this category by inheritance rather than choice. To touch thelr church fs to touch them in an essential part to their lives. To threaten the resources of the church is to threaten their very attenuated inconies, for if the church became dependent upon voluntary support, they would naturally be expected to pay fairly for serv- ices which they now get for mext to nothing. Not only so, but that goose would be de- stroyed which now occasionally lays upon thelr scanty tables the eggs of eharlty. That these would support the party of disestablish- ment was not to be expected. Nor, with the non-conformist consclence properly aroused, would the defection of this class have been a matter of much concern, for in that case it is reasonably certaln that the votes of the farm laborers would have been balanced, if not overcome, by the more intelligent work- men in towns and cities, many of whom— perhaps, 1 might say, the large proportion of whom—are attached to the chapel rather than the church. The elections have shown, however, that this consclence was apathetic, nd that it had, in the surface facts of the situation, good reason to be so. In regard to the claims of Ireland, the ad- vocates of home rule have yet to concillate in the English masses that keen sense of im- perialism which is a characteristic of the British temperament and_which shows itself just as vigorously in the British workman as in the pampered aristocrat of that land. Until he is quite convinced that home rule | in Ireland would not lead to a dismember- ment of the empire, and would not weaken its prestige abroad, you need no more expect the average British workman to deliberately vote for such a measure than you could ex- pect him to vote affirmatively on an abstract proposal to lower the national fiag or in any way to diminish the glory attaching to that flag. At this time, too, his conception of what he owes to Ireland is clouded some- what by the woes of his own situation. “When trade is bad In Ireland the British taxpayer must be assessed to help out. Bad harvests mean the passage by Parllament of costly rellef measures. But what Is Par- liament doing for the prostrated agriculture of England? We are tired of helping Ire- land—we want help ourselve So I have heard the British workman talk again and again. This is not written to indorse or extenuate such an attitude of unreason; only to show why, in the late election, the Eng- lish masses were not enthusiastic for home rule. A LACK OF POLICY. On the question of the House of Lords the British workman was handicapped in a varl- | ety of ways. There was sent out from the liberal camp no certain note of policy. Lord Rosebery declared this to be the leadin: battle cry, and the next day Sir Willia Harcourt said another ssue was to be th leading one. Here were divided coun leading naturally to a fallen household. 1| was uncertain, moreover, what intended to do with the lords, even if they Kot into power. Really, if they were to be Judged by their acts, rather than by mum- bled and confusing promises, it seemed prob- ablo that they had no sincere purpose to do anything with them. I do not blame the Znglish workman for posing as a loter of consistency, and It s dificult to see how in the circumstances, when the liberal pre- mier, himself a lord, had paid off his electoral debts by creating a lot of new lords, chosen from among the leading lights of the liberal party, and dubbed with high-sounding titles in the same breath in which the lord who made them denounced lords in general—it is the liberals | ] difficult to seo how, fn thewe circumstances, the Eoglish workmen could have any falth | the liberal party as a reformer of England second chamber, The fact {s they were not only without such fuith, but the question came to them In such a hasty, blundering and Insincera form, that they scarcely gave any, consideration to it, It 1s dvubtful, however, whether this lssue would have fared any differently had due Importance been given to it. In this country we conclude very easily that the peerage of ngland Is a superfluity, and & popular vote might he secured at_any moment declaring it to be a nulsance. But” England approaches this question from the backgronnd of a long history, and after long assoclation, both with Individual pecrs and with a house of peers, She approaches it, too, with deoply rooted predilections toward a condition of soclety in which the caste spirit obtains, It is my persuasion that every Engilshman 1s as aristocrat at heart, not excepting even t rking classes, 1 have yet to meet the whatever degree, who did not reserve (o himself the right of looking dowa upon certain grades of his fellow countr: men; and, of course, such a man, to keeg this prerogative intact, must accord to othery the right to look down upon himself. With this tendency to look down, there s ¢ corcomitant tendency to lock up. We bend the knee to titls and position far more tham Is commendable under the stars and stripes, and this national tendency s growing. Buf the American is out of the race with the Englishman. Bvery Jnglish child properly brought up is taught, as one of the first articles in his education, “‘to respect his superiors,” and this, fn practice, has meant 80 much of deferenco to position and privie lege, such bowing and seraping in presence of greatness, that the English body and the Euglish mind alike have contracted a bent toward such obsequiousness—a bent so strong that you could no more hope to overcomo it iIn a single campaign ‘than you could dam agara by the wind from a brass band, STUCK TO THE LORDS. The best indication of how the workin classes of England feel toward lords, an those connceted with the peerage, s shown in the fact that in so many canstituencles, where the choice was between a lord of the soll and a son of the soil, they deliberately, and by large majorities, gave their suffrages to his lordship. "A 'l'lmnl of light is also hrown upon tLis subject by the follow SKit trom Tit-Bith: 2 i awley—Who's that little, insignificant, dried-up, crooked, spindle-legged tailor's sign= board over there? Griggs—That? Why, that's Lord Leopold Algernon Percy Fitznoodle, son of the Kark of Ditchwater, Grawley—Oh—aw! What a very distine guished bearing his lordship has, though, for one so slight of figure, It was a brave stand the liberaly made for local option. They deserved a better reward than defeat; yet, Englishmen as they are, what else could they have expected in the present condition of public sentiment? To say that the publicans defeated them, may be quite true, yet it Is only half the truth. English habits of tippling, English social customs, so different from our own; English education and training, which have held the buginess of the saloon keeper to be as legiti- mate and necessary as that of the provision merchant; English backwardness on total abs stinence lines; the proverbial English tolera- tion of occasional inebriety; wine vaults in the cellars of the rich and great, finding their faint imitations In the side boards and decanters of the middle classes, and thus Justifying the workingman in the determina- tion to secure in the nelghborhood barroom what his betters secure to themselves in their own homes—this is the combination Which, for the present, has downed local op- tion, and it fs the deliberate judgment of the writer that before thera can be_any hope for a popular reversal of the verdict rendered, there will have to be, not only a long cam- paign of discussion and enlightenment, but a great reformation in soclal habits, and per- haps an entirely new generatin voters, HENRY TUCKLEY. 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