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N THE OMAHA DAILY BER MONDAY, DECEMBER 17, 04 distribution of boodle and patronage, Yor tn | the distribution of federal patronage in those | days thers was a great deal tirown to a cer- | tain class of democrats that had been in the | old combine, with the crvative republi- cans, as they styled themselves, My opposi- tion to Hitcheock and his cohorts of federal | employes was in defense of true republicanism and In that contest 1 staked all | possessed | and 1ife ftself, und against me wers arrayed | an army of stall-fed federal offceholders and railroad mercenaries, with unlimited resonrces | of capital at their command and a subsidized press to champion their cans | I want to relate to you one single instance | 16 show you to what these people revort. | After The Omaha Bee had been published scarcely a little over a year it was destroyed | by an incendiary, and after 1 had borrowed money and secured credit to get a new plant 1 was sent for by a prominent bank president in the city of Omaha and taken into the bank | paclor, and ho sald: “Now, then, you arc | fighting a bigger power than yon can possibly overcome. You mu:t either quit this fight | or you are bound to go under. We ‘hold a mortgage on the buiding | in which y.i are publishing your paper; wr»i hold some notes of yours and we want to pay up right now.” I was indignant, and turning (o the president and cashier, I said | to them, then and there: “I am not able to | meet these obligations at this time, though | the security is ample, and you are getting 12 per cent compound interest, and the interest | has been paid up to date, bit I will endeavor | to get the moncy from somebody, but I want to say to you that if I go down I go with | the flag flying; I will never surrender; I will pulverize the Institution befora 1 give up, | and 1 wili never yleld in the fight. (Great | applause.) But then this was only stances, There were pers: were prosccutions and persecuti ns was declared to not a newspaper entitled | to malil privileges, and postmasters ored In every way to prevent its tr sion. At every st:p one obatacle other was paced in its way, In contests from day to day and from year the paper niver wavered. republican candidate received its By its ald the repubilezns carried Douglas county for the first tme in 1872—it had not been republican before that in ton year. carried it by the hard efforts that I mads in the campaligns, and so it was from one year's end to the other to 1876. But in 1876, when Gould came personally to Nebraska to con- trol the republican convention, The Bee en- tered a protest against the nomination of a candidate who had been foisted wpon the party against its will by the power of money and by the pressure of corporate wealth, ONLY AN INCIDENT. I want to recur f» anocher incident: Tn the winter of 1876, on the ove of the sen- atorial contest for the re-clection of the sen- ator that had been put in by the votes of the demoerats and nincompoops—that is about all they were—polly 1 will call them; abiut that time a piracy was hatcl in Omaha to bring me into a con- flict with a big, burly negro, hired to do me up. T will read just a portion of the report as it appeared in the Omaha Herald—cen- tainly not in ed by me. This is in the Herald of February 16, 1 SAVAGE of the in- ults; there The Bea | one year to 8UppOrt. 6: BRUTALITY A Cowardly and Barbarcus Attack Upon an 1ditor. Mr. Bdward “Billy Tosews in the furiate The Life of the The Fiendish Assailant and His Accomplice n Jaii, er Beaten with Hands of an In- tutlian, Victim almost Despaired Of. Popular Indignation and Threatening of Lynch Law. In its issue of Monday, the 6th inst, The Omaha Bee published in its local columns an_account of the breaking open the Sat- urday night previcus of the safe in J. F Boyd's oftic> on Thirteenth street, for wh robbery two megroes, named respectively Sparks and Newtcn, were arrested. In the publication in question this language. was used: “Sparks and Newton were known to have been out on a spree during all Saturday night, spending money freely and bucking the tiger at a colored den on Douglas street.” AN INQUIRY. To the average reader there was nothing especially offensive in the language qited, but a colored politician and bummer named Richard Curry, was of a different opinion, for on the morning of the Sth he published in the Republican of this city the follow- tug card: MAHA, Feb, §.—To Edward Rosewater, Publisher of the Omaha Bee: In your paper of Monday evening, February 6, appea article in which place “of | busines: oken of ns a “colored den.” You will please explain what impression you intend- ed to leave upon the public mind by the us of those words, which as generaily inte preted would place me before this com- munity in a most unenviable light. (8igned.) R. D. CURRY. THIEE CONUNDRUM ANSWERED. To this Inquiry Mr. Rosewater, one of the tersest and most vigorous writers on the western press, responded with the follow- ing _editorial, prefacing it with Curry's car “You evidently take exception to the fol- lowing paragraph: ** ‘Sparks and another colored man named Newton were known to have been out on a spree all of Saturday night, spending money freely and bucking the tiger at a colored den on Douglas street, ““This paragraph appears in The Hee's re- ort of the Boyd safe burglary, with which Bparks has been charged. -Although no ref: erence is made to your piace of business (?) you acknowledge ihat the coat fits you by making this inquiry, and your question Shall be answered without reserve, “According to Webster, a den 15 a cus- tomary place of resort; a haunt, a retreat; as, for example, a den’ of robbers, a den of misery and vice. “A colored den may be either a cus- tomary place of resort, a disreputable haunt of vice and misery, painted in colors, or it may be a_disreputable haunt frequented by ersons of color. 1t may be both. (Laugh- er.) If your place of business is such a den the sooner you get more respectable employ ment the less danger there will be of your being insulted by paragraphs like the above. Since you have seen fit to propound this conundrum, we may as well say that while The Bee is ever ready to demand for, and accord equal rights to the colored man’ with those enjoyed by the white man, it also be- lieves that colored men shall be made amenable to the laws thut punish vice and crime in white men. If, as you intimat your placo of business 18 a_ den where co ored men buck the tiger and spend their hard-earned money in gambling and kindred crimes, the less you say about It the better for the reputation of the colored race.” A VILLAINOUS ASSAULT. The foregoing was published in The Bee a week ago today, since which time no pub- 1ic mention has been made of the matler, and those of our citizens who know the character of the colored individual who was 80 desirous of being insulted were of the opinfon that he received just what he de- served at the hands of The Bee. Yesterday afternoon, between & and 6 o'clock, Mr. Rosewater went into the United States ‘court house on business, and a few pinutes later Mr. George Jewdtt spoke to Bmith Coffey, a negro blacksmith, Who was standing on (he * of Douglas and Fif- teenth, whercupon Coffey responded with: “Do you see them thumpers over there? ointing to Curry, who was lelsurely ing ack and forth in front of Allen's drug store on the opposite corner. Jewett asked him what he meant, when Coffey replied: ““Phere's going to be lively times over there in a fow minutes.” About this time Mr. Rosewater came down Fifteenth street and was met at the cor- ner by Curry, who commenced talking with him in relation to the publication above referr to which Mr. Rosewater an- if he had known that he (Curry) considered himself so seriously in- jured by the publications in the first in- stance the columns of The Bee would have been at his vl for the publication of any communication he might have desived to write. ‘The words had barely b spcken when Curry drew a short “billy from a side pocket, and, quick as flash, dealt Mr. Rosewater half a dozen terrible blows upon the head. After he had done this Coffey walked up and grasped M, osewater, held him and remarked to the ther colored bully: “There, you've hit him enough.” At this Mr. Rosewater managed to free himself and ran across Fifteenth street, but was at once pursued and overtaken by [s near McCaffrey's, immediately east T of Allen's, and there pounded a second time Curry. By this time a crowd had col. ed and Mr. Rosewater was rescued from the attacks of his cowardly, brutal assail- ants and carried into Allen's drug store. Dr. McClelland happened to be passing and was called ia. In @ short time a buggy was procured and Mr. Rosewater was con. Yeyed to his residence on Farnam ' street, Delween Seventeenth and Eighteenth, he being then in an issensible condition, Upon being separated from the vietim of his blind fury Curry handed his weapon o his confederate, Coffey., who threw It down a stairway near Allen's where 1t was afterwards found and is now in possession of Judge Porter. The two brutes were ur- rested by Covstable Hanlon and taken to the police office, a large crowd following o | waited upon b J. W tylng, “Lynch them! Lynch them! 0 attack was made -upon the two pri oners, however, but they were safely con- ed to the police office and there ar- kned on a charge of assault and battery Mr. Rosewater's “condition fs one which causes the greatést apprehension. He Is attended by Dr. Coffman, Dr. McClehand nd Dr. Mercer. A Herald reporter inter. viewed ‘Dr. McClelland at a late hour last night and leirned the patient was being his wife, Mr. Hellman and Jewett, and that no one else. With the exception'cf the physicians, were allowed to enter the room, as it {s of the utmost importance that the sufferer be kept quiet, as inflammation of the brain Is lable set in, Iz which case the result would rainly ' pfove fatal. The skull l= not fractured, but there is a severe wound on the forehiead and two others just back of the Ieft ear, In additicn to this, the head is very much bruised, as it was beaten al most to & pulp. During the night Mr. Rose- water became partially conscious and would talk in an almost incoherent manner of the assault. His life hangs by a thy and If he recovers it will only be in con sequence of his being skilifully nttended His family are very much distressed, but his wife displ mmendable fortitude and ren At aid in caring for the Q. WHO CURRY 18, Curry has been In Omaha a number of years ard is well known here. At one time he was preprietor of a large barber shop on Douglas street snd did a splendid business. Then he was respocted by both white and black, as he evidently knew his place and kept it. Latterly he has drifted into poli- ties and has heen somewhat sought after by publican wire pullers about election times nder the impression that he controlled the negro vote of Omaha. The result s he | has become worthless and insolent, and for year on t * two past has been cf the Impres he was the most important per- sonage in this section. At the last term of the dietrict court he served as a juryman, and has made it a point to crowd himself into a th er and seat himself with white P whene atrical any of ite has vis never rged him with puta- resort, and if he b nough » Keep his mcuth shut the public would ave supposed his place was the one referre to the pithlication of which he complains, 14, however, distinctly states that t Douzlas street’ establish- ment §3 the resort of ruf coundrels nd sneak thieves, whi ok shonld have been rai the police ago. INSTIGATORS ESCAPED PUNISHMENT Well, 1 will not continue to read the whole story. Suffice in to eay that I was laid up for three weeks or more, and had to keep from doing any serious work for something like three months. While I was confined to my ro-m and bed a special grand jury was F s indicted for an as- mmit murder, It was found by the grand jury that Curry had been put up to this bloody job, and the only thing that prevented the indictment of the wh'te ruf- fians, mostly conneeted with the Postoffice departiment, among whom was Paul Vand T voort, from being indicted with him was that it was not absolutely proven before the grand jury that they knew that the assault was to bo made with a slungshot. Under the indictment a trial was had, which 1 did not attend, and Curry was convieted, He was taken out on bail and an appeal was made for him to the supreme court. During that period, which was in the summer of 1876, when there was a national campa pending, Senator Hitehcock, through whom he was being supported, had Curry enlisted In the campaign. In the due course of time a new trail was ordered, and after the sec- ond trial and another appeal to the supreme court Curry was sentenced to four years in the pententiary and taken to Lincoln, He had not been there four months when Sena- tor Hitchcock himself went to Governer Garber during my absence from the state and procured that man's pardon, carried that pardon himseif to the penitentiary and delivered it to Curry. 1 want to know who was hounded; T want to kn'w who was the victim of hatred and malice; I want to know who was entitled to the sympathy of loyal republicans and pa- triotic citizens of Nebraska. Let me now recall some incidents of the great senatorial contest of 1876-77. In the summer of 1876 the republicans of this state were arrayed against the remomination and re-election of Mr. Hitchcock. The presence of Jay Gould and Sidney Dillon in Omaha while the republican state convention was held at Lincoln, and the fact that after a four days' struggle the majority had turned into a ‘minority, excited the people > in- tensely that there was a very exciting cam- paign. And my object in recalling that cam- paign is simply to show you the parallels be- tween what happened In 1876 and what happened in 1894: *At a republican ratiflca- tion meeting held at the Academy of Music on Tuesday evening, October 23, 1876, at which addresses were delivered by Governor Saunders, General J. C. Cowin, General Manders'n and Judge Clinton N. Briggs, the following are extracts from the addresses delivered upon that occasion.” I will read you extracis from those o as to enlighten you a littl> bit about past history. GOVERNOR SAUNDERS SAID THIS: “The democrats talk about reform and re- trenchment. We can reform our own family and not ask our neighbors to help us. He believad the republican party was the only one for the colored man to vote with; the re- publicans had given them their rights as cit zens and they owe it to the republican party. Tho speaker then referred to the infamou: unauthorized and uncalled for interference of C. H. Gere, chairman of the state central committee, in our local affairs. He gave a concl-e history of the republican split, relat- ing the facts as to the two committees, show- ing conclusively that the anti-Hitcheock ticket was the only regular ticket, that it ‘was in the fleld first, and was composed of as good men as the sun ever chone upon. He was proud of it. (Applause.) He was a regular republican and helpzd to organize the republi- can party twenty years ago, and he could not and would not be read out of that party by a lot of upstarts and hirelings. (Applause.) Ho had spoken in plain terms and had called the Hitcheock party the bread and butter brig- ade, and he reiterated the statement. If we ‘are lost in this election it will be ring within ring all over the country. You can sea the hirelings trailing in and out of the postoffice to get thelr orders, We must rise in ocur might and put this sort of business down. This :tate of affairs is tearing down the republican party—a party that ought to stand for a hundred years for the noble deeds it has accomplished. JUDGE CLINTON BRIGGS. The importance of each individual elector in this country exerclsing a free, spontaneous, unbought suffrage, canrot be underestimated. (Applause.) This is the only country in the world where the people control thelr affairs in every department of the government, In Germany and England the people have the right of election in only one branch of the government, but in the United States every branch of gov:rnment is reached by the peo- ple. Every tme the government reaches forth its arm you, the people, are behind it; your voice gives it impetus; your decision Is final. It has been :aid that the elector is a soverelgn. Let us seo if it Is s0. He 13 in theory. How is it in practice? Now the great contest Is going on in this nation, throughout the whole extent of the country. Shall American electors have a free und un- bought ballot? That is the national que:tion today. That's why th: people of this country will never trust the destines of three million free electors created by the republican party— the freedmen—to our adversaries. The people will not gay that we shall turn them over to tho democracy. I hope the people will Insist that the ballot shall be unbought, that they will go to the palls and vote without the pressure of the railroads. I am a (rlend of the railroads—of the Unlon Paclfic—but it should not lay Its hands on the vote of the employe. It owns the labor of the employe, but it does not own his manhood. 1t should only perform the functions allotted to it, namely, of construct- ing and operating a railroad. The constitu- tion gives to cach state two senators and the rght of representation in congress, but I fail to find anything in the constitution that makes the Union Pacific or B. & M. entitled to United States senators for each corpora- tion. That is all the controversy I have with the ratlroad. GENERAL JOHN C. COWIN, The most v'tal Issue t-day is whether or not an honest vote shall control this country and state. Now, sirs, all republicans may not approve it, all republicans may not applaud it, but it is nevertheless true, and that is, that the republican party today fs dragging t the verge of the grave. Can you deny it? Look at Indlana—look at New York—aye, look at Nebraska. The repub- lean party, I say, bas had the lariat placed around its neck, and has been dragged to the verge of the grave, and why? By the demo- cratic party? Nt at all. By the virtues of the dem:crat'c party? Not at all. B causs the democratic party was better than the republican party? "Not at all. What h done it, then? Simply tho thing that you and I cannot deny, though we mention it Wwith tears in our eyes, with sadness in our hearts, with s-rrow In our souls—corruption within our own party, We mention f with he long that feeling. T mention It with that feeling Why, when T think that but a fow years ago we stood in the solid phalanx of the republican party in the battle for the na- tion—that glorious party, and ny other party cver stood in a national phalanx equal to it in the world, cither in anclent or modern history, and there Is not a dem:crat In the house but will acerd me candor when I make the remark—the republican party that stood up and with one word fre:d 4,000,000 slaves, with one word sald that the natlon should be a nation of liberty, with ons word and with a strong arm put down a rebellion, rising above party, rang above sectional Influence, rising above scc tional strife, they stood up at that time when every government, when every nation in the civilized world was watching us with anxious eyes. Now, sirs, this nobl party, this party that a few years ago car- ried Ohlo by a hundred thousand majority 1s teday dragged down, down to the verge of grave. But you honest republicans, can you tell me why this is? Is it the virtus of the democratic party? No! It is rooted corruption! That is what It fs rooted corruption In the republican ranks Now, gentlemen, it Is proposed to char this—but how? We have local issues our county today on this very question. I may be permitted ment, and prebably in it to digress for one mo- you will ba Interested somewhat, though no more than I was, I should like to say that I went down to Lincoln a few woeks ago. I don't know what T went down . there for—(laughter)—but I know what I came back for. That ccn vention said I should retire to my office and there do my legitimate business, paying no attentlon to polltics. 1 did not follow those dictates exactly, and while retiring to my cilice and dolng my logilimate duty 1 do raise my arm and my volce against those hands that are dragging the republican party fnto an everlasting grave. (Applause.) T do it here now, and If I did not do it hera as I did at Lincoln, where hundreds and hundreds of men were assembled when I there raised my volce against the corrupt hands that were controlling the convention and nominating men, I would ba like that perfidions watchman, who, seelng the build- ing on fire and its inmates sleeping soundly in their bads, cried out, 5 o'clock, and all's well.” I did not do that. I trust I never <hail do such a thing. I say all is not w and that within the ranks of tha republi party. We do no: speak today with res to this state alone, but with respect to all the states throughout the unlon. “WATCHMAN, WHAT OF THE NIGHT.'" Mark this language. That was spoken in 1876, in the cantennial year, by as good a re- publican as Ge-eral Cowin. Where are those watchmen on the tower today? 1 have endeavored to perform my duty fear- and consclentiously. 1 did not cry 5 o'clcek and all's well when T saw the re publican flag trailing in the mire of corrup. tion; when I saw the party chained to the railioad chariot. 1 did not cry a3 well when I saw the repubfean party last year surrounded by influences that destroyed its free wiil and free government and mads it nothing but the tool of a great corporation. 1 did not cry 5 o'clock and all's well when 1 saw republicans coln destroying pop- ular confidence {n the parly by corrupt schemes and jobs that were sure to destroy party and confidence in its integrity. 1 did not ery all's wel when I saw, as I must have and you must have had the chance to sea within the past few years, that the re- publican party, when it had put into its platform pledges and failed to redcem them, and went back to the people asking them for another term. It was because I desired to save the party from the tidal wave of pop- ulism i 1890 that I and other true repub- licans went to Lincoln and entered a protest aganist the disreputable mothods and bad faith, and said to the state committes: *“‘Let us live up to our platform pledges and let us put a ticket in the fleld that wil command popular respect and confldence, and we will have no difficulty in electing it.” (Ap- plause.) The railroad republicans have charged that I have =ought to convey the idea that I wanted to dictate the candidates, They could have put up any man, any man with a clean, decent and honorable record, for governor last time and had my cordial support. 1 had long before the convention pointed out the defects in the record of the candidate they did nominate and I could not very well ursay what I had said and I could not support him without stultifying myself and destroying whatever influence I have or have had with the masses of the people, who believe that I have some integrity loft yet. (Applause.) Now. I will read you a little more his- tory. This was what General Cowin said, mark you, and not what I said. This Is what he said back in 1876: “The republican vcters of the state of Nebraska along the line of railroad cor- porations today are not exercising the right of freemen, and I am prepared to prove what I say. Now, \sirs, I attempted to make a few remarks In the state convention at Lincoln, which I propose to finish right here. It is with respect to a gentleman for whom I have the highest regard, for whom I have the highest respect and who will not dispute one word I say. That gen- tlem.n is S. H. H. Clark, superintendent of the Unfon Pacific railroad. Let me say that I do mot question his personal character in even one respect. I had a conversation with him before the September primaries, and I went to his office and asked him whether be was Influencing the votes of the Union Pacific employes, and he told me no. I told him I was glad of that, for I believe that men ought to vote as thelr cvisciences dictate, and that when it is attempted to intimidate, trammel or influence a voter against his hone:t convictions a blow 1s be- ing struck at the very foundations of the government itself. Now, I said, can 1 go to your men and say you are not attempting to ‘influence them, and they may vote as they please? He said, ‘No, sir’ I asked why mnot? What did he say? Gentlemen, employes of the Union Pacific road, Mr. Clark, who is present apd will not disputs what I say, he replied:' Mind you, General Cowin was making this specch in the Academy of Music, and right in front, in one of the front seats, S. H. H. Clark himself was sitting. He made thet right to his face, and this is what he sald: - WHAT WAS EXPECTED OF HITCHCOCK. “Mr. Cowin, our company looks upon it as to thelr interest to carry the Hitchcock ticket, and they expect our men to vote that ticket. They expect me to influence them to vote, and my tenure of office is no stronger than that of any other employe on this road. They look to me to see that our employes vote the Hitchcock ticket, and I cannot avold it You can Imagine what a sensation Gen- eral Cowin's statement created in that body, and, in spite of all efforts that the Union P cific mads at that time, just as in spite of all the efforts of the Burlington and all other roads made this year, the rallread employes voted their own consclentious convietion: they stood for good government and repub i- can principles better than some of the rich- est men in this state, who went out and sold themse.ves body and soul to those corpora- tlons and played catspaw for them at the teil end. (Applause.) The methods of the late campaign are a disgrace to the state of Nebraska. Niver shall it be written again in our history; never ahould you hear such a thing as that any man, railroad manager or banker, would discharge an employe simply for expressing the opin- fon that a certain man should be elected governor; or that any man has stigmatized an employe and deprived him of his liveli- hood Dy putting the brand of Cain upon him, sending him afloa’ and abroad to try for employment. 1 say political blackilst Is a crime; as 1 sald at Omaha the night before election, we ought to have a statute that will make it a penal offense, that will send any man to the penitentiary who will endeavor to compel an employe to vote by dictation or who will discharge an employe that dares to vote his own sentiments. (Ap- plause.) MANDERSON ON THE MATTER. Now let me read the conclusion of Gen- eral Cowin's speech: “If a stand up by hon- orable men and opposition to corr.vtion is bolting, I am a bolter—put it on the record. If (0 cppose a man that has bought his way into the senatorial chalr of the United States with money 13 bolting, I am & bolter.” That is what Gemeral Cowin said in 1876, and that sentiment is just as good today and always will be with honest and true re- publicans everywhere. Now, them, [ will call another witness upon the stand. He is what General Manderson sald in & speech made cn October 27, 1876, at a republican meeting in the Sixth ware “I, for ome, have got enough of this thing. (Applause.) If there is no other way to get out of this thing except by an lrreg- ular movefhient,’ a meovement. 1 propose to go Into such Qne thing that has precipl- tated this, split was the conviction in the mind of every anti-Hitcheock man that this senatarial gandidate for re-election would not permity the republicans to express their will in the primaries. We knew that it would be go, and that In a few days It would be Imparative for us to take such course as .would emancipate us from this state of affairs, So, 1 am_pot afraid of be- ing charged with belng ir ular. But there are some who are sensitive and desire to act with the faction that has pursued the course of regularity, T these 1 say the Arm strong legislativa ticket stands firmly planted upon the platform of party reguler ity. The argument and the right is with us in this controversy, and I will show that fact to your entire satisfaction “We expect to send these genilemen the leglslature, and we don’t expect t they will vote to send Hitchcock back to the senate. (Appisuse) Hitcheoek at his meet- ing the cther night said that a certain cus- tom had grown up that when a man had served one term in the senate he was re- turned to that body. I don’t know of any such custem. 1 know that some men hav been returned several times. Such men Charles Sumner should be sent back for a lifetime, but we can't agree that Hitcheock should ba sent back for a lifetime. (Applause and laughter.) ® * * “Look at the va:t influcnce wielded by Hitchcock, who has under him an army of men working for him day and night (Here the epeaker enumerated many of the offices to bo filled by the suggeston of our United States senator, and depreeated tha fact that there were 80 many appointive officers to be used for corrupt purposes) All the commis.dons are issued at the suggestion of Hitchcock. He has used this great power not to place good men in positions, but to place in pes tion mea who work night and day for Hitchcock. 1 am for applying a remedy to th's great evil. (Applause.) And that is the one-term yrinciple, unless a man be a second Charle: Summner. I do not belleve i the divine right of kings, or that any man has a birthright to rule in this free country am for the one-term principle, as a par e 1t Governor §; or Judge s are clected and would try for a sccond term I would run against thom myself.” (Laughter) And he did and was elected “Last n'ght, I understand, Senator Hitch mac faint denial of the charges of corruption and bribery. There Is a man in this room, within reach of my volce, who told me Hitcheock, after six y had at last been brought to the bar and pleaded not guilty. He is now on trial at ths bar of pub lic opinion. h to God he could clear himselt of rrible charges. I refer him to the ca morlad, and, although Sommerlad | there is to be a liv ing witness—a reputable t business man in this city-——of the statements of Som morlad himself’ and who sub tantiates the charge. 1 would Lke to hear a specific denial of this charge.” Well, I won't quote this any further. 1 have simply gone this far to chow you that a very good many able, earnest and honest republicans in this state have in years past taken exa the ition that 1 have taken this year, with the exception that they did not have the responsibility of editing a news. paper Lo which thousands upon thousand of men who are not as well informed 1 for candid, disinterested and honest advi BOODLIRS WERE BUSY THEN. It is a ‘matter of history that the repub- licans of “this state deliberately refused clect a legislature that election of Mr. Hitchcock. Thereupon an- other effort' was made to bring about the same thing that had happened in 1871 and 1875, a combination between conservative re- publicans, or rather, boodler republicans, and democrats. Mr. Hitcheock had been a class- mate of Pelton, the nephew of Samuel J. Tilden, ard an' arrangement was entered into Dbetween those gentlemen whereby it was pledged thiat' the vote of Mr. Hitchcock in the United States' senate should be cast for Samuel J. Tilden, as against Rutherford B. Hayes, and that the democratic members of the legislatura of Nebraska should help to re-clect him; with the aid of these boodle republicans. Now, . where Charles «H. | Gere about He was ~ chalrman of the repub- lican state-central committee;, he was the watchman on the tower; it was his function thea to sound the alarm and notify the na- tional committee that great danger was im- pending; that the party was about to be sold ouf, and that the president of the United States was to be sacrificed for the United, States senatorship in_ Nebraska. Where was lie about that time? Down in Lincoln, aiding and abetting this very con- spiracy and crying 5 o'clock and all's well. I was not a member of the national com- mittee then, but I constituted myselt the watchman on the tower. 1 wired to Zach Chandler, who was then the chalrman of the national republican committee, apprising him of this conspiracy. Perhaps that perfidious watchman, Mr. Gere, will have the audacity to deny that ‘there was such a deal, but the truth of my statement will be confirmed by leading democrats. In- structions were sent to this state from the Tilden headquarters to E. A. Allen, who was then the chairman of the democratic state central committee, to proceed to Lin- coln and dragoon the democratic members into lina to cast thefr votes for Hitchcock, as they had done for him in 1871 and for Paddock in 1875, and he did it. He came down and endeavored in every way to carry out this deal, but just about that time con- gress changed this whole procedure by pass- fog the electoral commission law, taking from the senators the power to vote in or out any president, and the result was that Hitchcock’s opportunity to trade his vote in the United States semate for the democratic vote of the Nebraska legislature had passed away. The democrats declined to vote for him, and he was not re-elected. But the perfidious watchman on the tower, Mr. Gere, and all the raliroad organists ~hold Mr. Hitcheoek up as a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fite by night to all repub- licans, while they denounce me year in and year out for preaching the gospel of loyal republicanism in Nebraska and saving the party from corrupt and dishonorable co- alitions. A few days before tha election the state committee went even further than that. They sent out a letter that was cir- culated broadeast throughout the state, in which it was charged that I had houn P. W. Hitchcock through that man's honor- able career, and not content to stay my malice at the tomb I had invited the son, who is now editcr of the World-Herald, to a banquet at the opening of The Bee build- ing, and sct before the son a poisoned feast in the shape of an attack on his dead father. ANOTHER SLANDER REFUTED. Isn't it scandalous for any man or any campalgn committee to disseminate such slanders? What were the facts? When that young man came to manhood years 1 Voluntarlly came to him and said: I don't carry'the sins of the fathers to the sons. Whatever fight I bave had in politics with your fath¢r does not nesd to be extended to you.” ' And the first tme after he came of age and beeame a candidate for office in our town, the po:ition of councilman, I went into the primaties and supported him against William T Bechel, helped to nominate him and worked for his elcction, Whe he called it my office and asked me to publish the prospectus’ for his new paper. It was tnserted free of charge. What would you do if you werz runn'ng a dry §0ods +10 tustance, or & drug store, and & should come to your place and say: I have a flaming poster by which your customers are informed that I propose to open a store on the opposite side of the street, In which I will undersedl you and give people cheaper and better goods for less money than you do, besides gIving them better treatment?’ Would you be willng to hang up such a pos- ter in your itore window? I did it. 1T let h'm announce that be was going to publish a cheaper and better paper, and when that paper first came out I wrote an editorial ¢ gratulating him upon coming into the torlal profession, and expres:ing the hope that the paper would be successtul. When The Bee building was opened invi- tations were issued to all the Omaha news- paper people, and among them Mr. Hiteh- cock. He attended the entertalnment; not one word was uttered in his presence that he could take exceptions to; no reference what- ever was made in relation to his father, or to any quarrels between him and me. It is, however, true that The Dee of that same morning contained the history of the paper, which was celebrating its eighteenth anni- versary, Among other things was a r cital of its early struggles and the fights throughout which it had passed, complled by one of my sub-editors. You could not write the bisiory of The Omaha Bee without writing something about those desverate to at K to would favor the re- Honorable this time? was the he was'about to start the Omaha World | battles. You could mot possibly relate the incidents without referring in some form to the contests that were waged between the supporters and opponents of Senator Hitche cock. And yet that was maliciously magni- fled into a polsoned feast, gotten up to insult the memory of a dead man and to destroy and stigmatize the young man who is son. OUTRAGEOUS WITHOUT REASON, What excuse was there for this ontrage T have a family that fs entitled to as much consideration as those of other men; n children have as much pride in my reputa- | tion as other people's children have in t reputation of thelr parents; and I ought have some immunity from slander, and common decency onght to be exhibited by republican organs and eaders when they deal with me individually My actions as a_politician, my actions as an editor are open for public discussion, but the discussions should be within the bourds of truth and decency, and not baseless fabrica tions, defamations and charges of scoundrel- ism of every description, of which I never dreamed and of which I had never thought for a moment In the same letter, which was scattered broadeast by the republican state committee there is also this charge: That The Omaha Bee was built up by and has been maintaived at the oxpense of the republican party, and that the patronage of the republican party was the chief factor in making it what it is today. 1 beg you to remember that there is nothing in the history of The Bes that uld justify suci assertion. From its inception up to the present day The Bee has been maintated and patronized by the middle class of people, by the laborer, the mechanic and by the merchant, because it gives them their money's worth, and not because it ad- voeates a political dogma of any kind republican ever paid any money to it contribution: no republican has ever been blackmailed out of a dollar, or been com pelled to contribute a dollar, whether* he was a cacdidate or an office holder, and 1 defy my traducers, and have time and ag defied them, to name any republican candi dato or state officer, even those that were impeached two years ago, to come to the front and show that for my support, the support of The Omaha Bee, either for election or re-election, they have ever been asked to contribute one dallar. All _the political patronage that has come to The Bes, from tational, state or local republican officials, that s, given to it as a party paper, in any form whatever, would not pay the cost of publication, wages, paper and post for five days PRICE the to indiscriminate as a THE about state, and subsidized? JOURNAL. other republican to_what _extent Take, for in Journal, which owes its existence almost entirely to political patronage and levies upon candidates, 1 have taken the trouble recently’ to ascertain to what extent that sheet has levied upon republicans and upon the peopie of the state of Nebraska. I find that between th ¥ 1871, wh he Bee was started, and the present time that paper has drawn out of the state treasury $146.446.42, as follows: 1571 187 187 PAID fact been Lincoln they stance, the Grand total...... cerenen $H46,18 Or $18,602.77 per year on the average. Aside from this, Charles H. Gere, ediior of the State Journal, served two years as secretary of the State Board of Transportation at $2,000 per_year, making $4,000, and four years as e United States postmaster at about $4,000 per annum, or a total for postmaster of $16,- 000. This, added to his salary received as sccretary of the State Board of Transporta- tion, would give him $20,000 as the total amount received by him on the side during his_connection with the Journal. In the very near future I propose to pub- lish every voucher drawn by the Burlington organ and to show the people of Nebraska where their money has been going and where the people are paying their taxes. (Great applause.) Four hundred and forty-six thou- sand dollars, and that does not represent one dimo of salaries and perquisites; that does not represent a fithe of the steals at the state capitol, the drippings out of the varlous state institutions, that found their way into the pockets of those publishers and their relatives. There might have been $500,000 figured out for that concern during the period while The Bee has been runcing; and yet they modestly tell us that they are doing this all for their love and devotion to the republican party. (Laughter.) I venture to assert that $15,000 is a4 small consideration of what they have got in this last campaign for fighting the battle of the republican party at b cents per copy. It was a veritable golden harvest for them that The Bee did not sup- port the candidate for governor, What would have become of them if The Bee had sup- ported him? You can now understand why they are 5o anxious to knpw whether I still am_ a republican. (Laughter) If I should stay out of the republican party there might be §$15,000 contributed every season, so Santa Claus would have to fill their stockings with loads of silver dollars, and gold dollars, and greenbacks, every time Christmas came around, to save the repubican party! (Laughter.) PERSONAL EXPENSE OF THE SPEAKER I have another way altogether of sav- ing the party. They do not have to pay me a dollar or a dime.” In 1892 T went out and made a fight, as I had the year previous, When republican congressmen and senators were hiding in cyclone cellars I campalgn:d it; 1 issued thousands of papers, 50,000 at a time, in the interest of the republican party, without charging a_penny, and I spent $2,100 in cold cash, on $450 of which I'am still paying interest, for the sake of saving the republican party in 1892 But their saving the republican parly is always comput:d in big dollars and cents. O, yes! They would like to save the party! Why was not Mr. Gere on hand In 1876 or 1877, when the national success ‘of ths parly was at stake in that democratic deal, and it lacked but one turn of the wrist and the whole government of the United States would have passed into democratic hands, and yet they wers will- ing to close their eyes, and now they are howling, and they want to know why I am still a republican. They feel anxious that I should not remain in the party too long; that as soon as tife next campaign comes [ ought to be out of it agaln, so that they would have another opportunity to take their little delve of $15,000 or $20,000. 1 do not think there will be any nec:ssity for that; I think the republicans of Nebraska have been taught a very wholesome leason and there will be no necessity of defending any candidate the next time we have a cam paign, and, if we have no defensive cam- vaign «we will have 25,000 majority, just as sure as the sun shines in the day. There would have been 25,000 to 40,000 this year, and they would have saved $150,000 to the railroads and the bankers alone if they had Just done that thing—(laughter)—and I would not have charged them one penny, either for dolng all the good work that could bs done. There would not have been much to say, either, it would not have been a very hard job. Now, fellow citizens, you are all interested in good government above all things. You are citizens of Nebraska first, and republi- cans afterward, and, acting as patriotic, honest citizens, you will gee to it that honest men oceupy every offica in the state, and when honest men occupy every office in the state ' Nebraska will forge ahead and be one of the most prosperous states of the union. That is the program for the republicen party; put honest men to the front, drop these old wheel horses that have played themselves out long ago and have very debatable records, Bring young men to the front, let the very best bicod in the state come forward and participate in the honors and emoluments, and do0 not. let anybody have @ mortgage on all the offices or some offices duriug & whole life- time; let eviry man have a chance, and give those men preference that have shown merit as good American citizens, as honest, loyal republicans, and have shown themselves worthy of confidence and have not gaged themselves in ralroad headquarters. mort- | his | back and absolutely demounced me and The Omaha Bee, for Insinuating that there was a con- test pending, or rather that there was a contest contemplated, and everybody that knows as much as I do knows that there were messengers running back and forth from railroad headquarters, from the czar, forth to republican headquarte minutes of the day; that an en gine was Kept standing red hot and read to proceed out of Lincoln into Broken Bow upon the drop of the hat, and that they were Just waiting to see whether the Burlington road was ready to foot the bills. That is a matter of history, and It ought to be re- corded in our history. BE REPUBLICANS FOR PRINCIPI What Kind of a party would the republican party be if it had to go to the headquarters of Ail the rallroad companies of the United States and inquire whom they wanted for president; if they had to go there and in- quire who should be appointed supreme judge of the United States; if they had- to o there every time they wanted to appoint delogates to a national convention; if they had to go to railroad headquarters for any thing and everything? 1 say a party that can't stand on its own legs s not worth sup. porting. (Applause.) It should stand upon the solid foundation laid for it by the men who wore those Fremont badges, the men who inscribed free speech, free soil and free men upon their banner. Let it be said by the republicans of Nebraska that they have t brains enough and_iategrity enough to mselves, They don’t have to W. Holdrege " Clark, Mr Burke, or any other raflroad managers to tell them who should or should not be a candidate should take advica and counsel from the mass o thelr party, the honorable men that repi sent the wishes of a majority of the true and loyal republicans. That is the advice 1 would have to give them, and I do not care whether they ever admit me Into a repub. lean convention or not. 1 am a republican from prinelple, and not for revenue, and I do not care how much the bloodsuckers who hang around republican headquarters cyery geason, or how much these corporation men who have to get a railroad grading contr ’ who have got to have an interest fn the ties that aro laid up near Billings, or a contract somewhero In Texas, have to say., I think it is about time for the republican party to rule itself and not have to take railroad contractors’ advice as t they should or what they should not (Ap plause.) And when that is done we will have vie- ry. 1 trust that the time is near at hand, and 1 really believe that it is; T believe that wo are on the eve of a new era, and that, while the old h 1s ar> good for counsel, and every fow do. | while I do not object to any man because he 13 as old as I am, and do not want to have him excluded from high offices, the chronic political hacks who have been hanging around king office for twenty-five or thirty years and make a living out of office, and noth ing else, ought to be set back for a while and let somebody else come to the front, and sive us candidates who have a good record as honest citizens, and not a bad record as good politician TOLD OUT OF COURT. of Incid Lives of P A correspondent of the Cincinnati Enquirer relates an incident in the meteoric career of Ned Marshall, a Kentucky lawyer famed for his persuasive oratory in ante-bellum times. He went to th country once to defend a negro charged with grand larceny. In those days a negro before a country squire had a little show as a monkey in a cage of lions. The case was a plain one. The negro had taken some wheat to mill, and while the miller was grinding it he had stolen a sack of flour and put it in his wagon. When he left with his own flour the miller missed this sack, and pursued him, finding the stolen flour in the wagon. The negro admitted stealing it, and offered to pay for it. It was not possible to make a plainer case. Mar- shall Ist the witnesses tell their own stories as they chose. He was crippled by an acci- dent and on crutches. When the prosecu- tion had concluded its testimony he had no proof to offer, but he rose, and, leaning on his_crutches, began to speak. = Court was held in the open air, in the “squire’s” yard, underneath the shade of a locust tree. There was a small mound in the yard, and he stood on that. The few spectators clus- tered around him. People who came along the turnpike stopped and stayed to listen to him. Dinner time came, and, though the squire always made everyboay eat dinner with him when he held court, he forgot it this time. Marshall spoke on, and I laid on the bluegrass listening. If he had kept on speaking I would be there now. I cannot undertake to describe that speech. It was nearly three hours in length, and came very near convincing everybody who heard it that a negro ought to be allowed to steal the keyhole of heaven from St. Peter and never be punished for it. The court held the negro over to the circuit court under $10 ball, and took Ned Marshall's check for §10 in liew of bond. Ned Marshali’s check wasn't worth the tenth part of a copper cent, and the court knew it, and knew that ths law didn’t allow a check to be taken in lieu of bail. If that was not eloquence, please produce your orator. A Pateh ileaned from the At Pittsburg last week Attorney Reardon was defending a client charged with fllegal liquor seliing, when Ruth Woodruff, a former client of Reardon’s, was called to the stand, “You have been here before, haven't you?" sald the attorney. ‘You ought to know, Mr. Reardon,” she replied. *“And you were sent to the work house, weren't you?' *‘Well, J gave you enough money to keep me out of it,” retorted Ruth. “You were innocent, of course,” persisted the attorney sarcastically. “Well, you said I was,” replied Ruth. This ended her cross-examization. “My good woman,” said the learned judge, as related by the Philadelphia Times, “you must give an answer in the fewest possible words of which you ara capable to the plain and simple question whether, when you were crossing the street with the baby on your arm, and the omnibus was coming down on the right side and the cab on the left and the brougham was trying to pass the omnibus, you saw the plaintiff between the brougham and the cab, or whether and when you saw him at all, and whether or not near the brougham, cab and omnibus, or either, or any two, and which of them re- spectively, or how it was.” A Natural Question—Judge: The accused declares he partook of various heavy wines at your house on the evemisg in question; is that correct? Witness (a landlord) I certainly remember his ordering bottles of choice Burgundy. Jud, And, pray, what did you give him? “I am sorry,” sald the rural justice, “but there is no evidence against you, and I'll have to turn you loose, with just a fine for contempt of court.” “But, your honor, I hayen't said a word!" “Yes, but darned if you didn't look | A Ho Got a J A manufacturing firm which was besieged with applications for work, says Harper's Bazar, huvg a sign near the entrance of its establishment with the legend, “No Help Wanted," One morning there appeared before the head of the house, to whom he was known, L——, a ne'er do well, who devoted his tin to dreams of political glory rather than books and accounts. “Mr, 8—, 1 want a job. out of work, Can you give to do?" Mr. had formerly employed the ap- plicant, and was comp:lled to discharge him not so much for neglect as for general in capacity to kouckle down to good, solid work. “My dear fellow, I'm very sorry; but didn't you see the sign whem you came in?’ sald Mr. 8—, very kindly. ‘Yes, T saw it," L— replied, “but you've often told me I'm no help! L was employed. - Oregon Kidacy Tea cures all kidney trou- bles. Trial size, 26 cents. All druggists, -— Hox Island Timber. Hog Island, on the Virginia coast, where Mr. Cleveland took a somewhat celebrated outing, was once bought for $3,000 by a New Yorker, who expected to send the cedar timber of the island to New York for use in shipbuilding, but found the venture unprofit- to As usual, I'm me something They attacked me a few weeks ago, they |able because of the cost of transportation. The but they | e e e timber in question was laid bare by the en« cronchment of the sea upon sand dunes that had buried old woodlands. The wood thus resurrected was far more vatuable than grows ing timber, [ —— GOSSIP ABOUT MEN. Hugh O'Donnell, the labor agitator from Homestead, who stumped Pennsylvania dugs Ing the late campaign in the interost of seve eral republican candidates, it Is announced will act as private secretary for Congresss man-elect Kulp, from the Northumberland district. Count Constantine Nigra, the poet, at present Italian ambassador at Vienna, related In his latest book that as a child of 6 he once played the role of an angel at some privat theatricals, adding this comment: “As child, an angel; as a man, a diplomatist-—~how are the mighty fallen!" Major Morrill, who has been elected govers nor of Kansas, is a man of impressive | physique. He Is over six feet tall and his 200 pounds of flesh are well proportioned. He is in many ways the mainstay of Hia= watha, his place of residence, and highly popular with his neighbors, In the life of the late Dean Buckland, which has just appeared in England. 1t i8 lated that one time “he and a friend, rid- London on a very dark night, lost Buckland therefore dismounted, | and, taking up a handful of earth, smelled | it ‘Uxbridge!’ he exclaimed, his geological | nose telling him the precise locality." |in | their way | M. Y. Chung is the diplomat of the Chinese | legation in Washington, whose thorough 1 knowledge of F lish makes him the medium of communication botween the legation and the press and pu 0. Mr, Chung is a Yale graduate and a member of the Delta Kappa | Upsilon_ fraternity. = He s one of the first of the Chinese officlals able to speak English without a trace of fo gn accent. General Cassius M. Clay’s roomy old man- sion, Whitehall, is full of handsome ane que furniture that would delight a cols lector. Among the other rticles in the house are portraits of the Czar Alex- ander and the royal family, presented to General Clay by the emperor himself. The old Kentuckian has always dispensed a fine hospitality at Whitehall. " It is one of the ces of the Blue Grass region, and especially fominine ones, are charm- ingly entertained there, A. Conan ! Doyle was astonished when Boston cabman told him “he would rathe have a ticket to his lecture than the fare. He thought he was traveling Incognito, and asked the man Low he found him out. The man replied that ““he knew him as a member of the Cabmen’s Literary guild, to which the lecturer's itinerary had be:n telegraphed in tvance, and that he recognized Dr. Doyla to be the man, because his coat lapels had been evilently grasped by New York report- ers, his hair manifestly cut by a Philadelphia barber, his hat seomingly saved with difii- culty from the pirates by whom he was sur- rounded at a Chicago luncheon, while his overshoss bore traces of Buffalo mud, and thero was an odor of a Utica cgar upon his person.” The doctor surrendered at in- discretion, ard gave the fellow a ticket for his whole family. Samuel Bdison of Fort Gratiot, Mich., the vencrable father of Thomas A. Edison, is now in his 91st year, and s in full pos- cesslon of all his faculties, He is known lo- cally as “‘Uncle Sam.” Speaking of the great inventor, an old resident of Fort Gratlot says: “'As for Tom Edison, why, as I remember him—well, no one thought he was very smart; he used to be called ‘Edison’s fool.’ L remember how he used to sit about the store with his head in his hands, always moping and always in the way. His folks or any one else always had to speak to him half a dozen times before he would seem to hear or pay any attention; and I remember one day when asked if he was deaf, and I told him I didn't believe he could hear f¢ thunder, he throwed up his head and scowled and sald: ‘I wish I was so deaf I couldn’t hear it thunder nor see it lighten.' ' The possibility for the attainment of wealth and affluence which this country offers is shown In the career of Isaac H. Huuter, who was born In slavery. He had almost at- tained his majority before he looked into a school book. From his early youth he had interested himself in politics, ‘and In later years figured conspicuously in the recon- struction of the state of Virginia. His rise in politics was rapid. In July, 1869, he was selected by the Virginla conservative state committee to deliver the welcoming speech to the late Gilbert C. Walker on his election to the governorship of Virginia. He was a delegate to the democratic convention which nominated Cleveland and Hendricks, and for sixteen years was the trusted friend and con- fidential secretary of the late Lieutenant Governor Dorsheimer. Mr. Hunter is a real estate lawyer and is wealthy, s AS ALIKE AS TWO PEAS. Twin Brothers at Wesloyan University Who Cun't Be Told Apart. Arthur and Archer Young of New Britain, Conn., twin brothers, who are as alike as two copp:r cents, or as the proverbial peas in A pod, entered Wesleyan university this autumn in the freshman class, and the diffi- culty of @istinguishing them has led to no ond of mistakes, The Young brothers say that the joke, being (o them of about twenty years' standing, has become a trifle old. In college chapel they sit next to each other, and if one of them happens to “cut’” the chapel, monitor, whose duty is to record: absences, bas to flip up a cent to decide which of them he shall mark absent. Both twins are on the 'varsity foot ball team, and al- though they are not heavy, they have dis- tinguished themselves as being about the pluckiest players on the eleven. They wear stmilar bandages wrapped around thelr tow-colored heads, and thelr mleeves less jackets are allke stained with the bule dye of thelr jerscys. < The other day, in a practice game, the ball was fumbled in 4 scrimmage, and one of the twins fell on it, Archer was playing half back on the 'varsity, and Arthur was lined up on the scrub. A doubt at once arose in the mind of Coach Steele as (0 which side should have the ball, that functionary, like everybody else, belng unable to distinguish the twins, Accordingly he ran up to the man who was scrambling o his feet with the ball, and asked in a loud whisper: “'Say, which Young are you, anyhow, 'var- sity or serub?” One of the brothers had an entrance condi- tion in some branch of his preparatory work and a date was set for the special examina- tion. The brother who had the condition marked against him remained in his room, whilo the other twin took the examination and passed it with flying colors, This b pened because a mistake was made originally in charging the wrong twin with a condition, o IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, Asla Will Lead 1n Population but Ameriea Will Show Great Gail A well known French statisticlan computes the following figures, based on present sta tics, for the end of the twentleth centuwy. According to his tables the population of the earth at that time will be: Burope, 750,000,000, (now 364,000,000); Asla, 1,100,000,000, (now §20,000,000); America, 685, C00 60 (now 125,600,000); Ausiralia, 0,00 000 (now 5,700,000); Africa, 200,000,000 (now 170,000,000 Thus America will be first in regard to in- crease and Europe second, while the ratio g increase will grow steadlly larger in America and smaller in Europe. The decline of the ratio of increasy, wiih may be already ob- served In France, will extend in roiation to Germany, Italy, England, etc. ne population of the various countries at the end of the next centuary is given thus: Tussla, 340,000,000; Germany, 115,000,000 France, 56,000,000; China, 560,000,000; Unitad States, 400,000,000; Mexico and Brazil, 150,- 000.000; Canada, 40,000,000; Argenting Res pubiic, 30,000,000, English will probably be spoken in 1994 by more than 600,000,000, German by 120,000,- 000, French by 120,000,000, Spanish and Portus guese by 235,000,000 people. - Generalsh “‘Herbert is going to call here tonight,* sald the fair girl “He Is?" sald the parent, with poker play= ing_tendencies, “Well—" and he glanced at the massive boot which reposed on the femder, “I'm glad you mentioned it. The prudent course for me will be to raise hun before he goty a chance to eall.” N