Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, September 8, 1894, Page 10

MODERN WOODMEN OFAMERICA An Able Address Delivered by the Head Banker of the Order. " NOBILITY OF ITS AIMS AND PURPOSES Founded on Matual Protection—Co-opera- tive Insurance One of 1ts Methods— Duty of Every Man to Shield His Family Against Poverty. Mr. D. C. Zink, head banker of the Mod- Woodmen of America, recently delivered ‘the following able address. It will be read with Interest by the thousands of Woodmen in this section: Mr. Chairman, Ladies Royal Nelghbors and Memt ern Woodmen—It is with gie that 1 have the privilege of standing here, under the boughs of this wooded forest, and address- ing you upon the subject of “Fraternal In- surance,” In behalf of the Woodmen'of the entiré jurisdictions The objects of the Modern America are: To promote regard a fraternal lov 10 bestow substan- tial benefit upon the widows, orphans, heirs, relatives and devisees of deceased members; to care for the sick nd indigent members, and to comfort the sick by neighborly minis- tration in times of sorrow and distress. From the morning time on earth to the present time men, true men, have felt that they needed the help of others, and in some way there came up a something within their hearts which proclaimed to them that the highest type of pleasure was only attair in proving themselves helpful to others, In the natural world the one i3 dependent upon the many for the Mhighest fruitfulness and greatest good. One stock of corn or one Dblade of wheat, standing all alone; will not bear fruit, for each by nature's laws Is made dependent’ upon the other. This inborn prin- ciple of one to another of helpfulness in man has, through the centuries which have come and gone, assumed many forms, and at no time in the history of the world has that duty been so universally acknowledged and carried out as in the Modern Woodmen of Ameri, Almost countless hundreds of homes in our broad land have been com- forted, helped, cheered and protected through our instrumentality, and at least 110,000 of our citizens have implicit and Jjustifiable faith, entrusting Interests most kacred to them, It is no unjust co-operative in and Gentlemen, of the Mod- ave Woodmen of true neighborly criticism to say thit rance upon the lodge plan is yet in its crude state. To take any other position would be to adorn the originators, promoters and lawmakers of the different fraternal societies with infinite wisdom from the beginning, which I trust no one will claim. One of the most useful instruments of husbandry, the instrument that lies at the foundation of all agriculture, but a few conturies ago was but a rude instrument _made of wood, performing but little service to the husbandman. Now it is brought to a high state of perfection, built of iron for 1s, of steel for others, built singly and in gangs, until, on the prairies of the west, where labor is high, one man with four horses can casily plow six acres per day. So it is in every industrial art, all fnstruments were crude at first, but, with increasing intelligence and experlence, de- mands for the better and more perfect ma- chinery, improvement after Improvement has been added, until the last creation is as a mountain compared with a mole hill in utility, structure and beauty. Compare, it you please, the printing press used by Franklin with any of the modern presses used in printing the metropolitan dailles of today to be convinced. If this is the time for industrial machinery, Is it not ltkely ihat these same elements of crudity would enter Into the Incipient conceptions and en- actments of socleties that we have the honor to represent? In my judgment, such Is the condition of these societies today. And one of the most important questions crowding for solution Is how to Increase our numerical growth without increasing our mortality rate or death rate above the Increase in membership. In the Modern Woodmen of America we have increased in membership beyond apprehension for the last three years, and today we number three times that of three years ago, the death rate not having increased beyond that of three years ago. This simply shows that we have been very careful in selecting our members, We have Increased in number and in _strength, so that now we are a mighty band for the protection of one another's families. As the years go by and each year we learn lessons and profit by the past, we become more firmly anchored In the hearts of the people. And never has there been a day that the fraternal orders had so strong a hold upon the confidence and good judgment of the members as today. We can look back with pride upon the path over which we have traveled I do not know that history records any instance of so marvelous a development of a charitable, or human, or social principle, so far-reaching In its effects, as that embodied in the constitution of the Modern Woodmen of America. Citizens divided in interests, in politics, separated by locality, in every tenet of religion, and in every shade of pub- le affairs, unknown, to each other, when en- listed under the shade of the white banner of charity and drawn to each other by bonds of fraternity, become brothers in spirit and in deed, giving of their substance as well as of their sympathy to those upon whom want has fallen and upon whose pathway the shadow of misfortune is resting. SOURCE OF THE. ORDER. The Modern Woodmen began in darkness, but evermore our paths have besn tending toward the light. We began in ignorance, we have learned wisdom by sharp and profit- able experience. We have no place upon the atute book on in the decisions of the courts, No more had we any recognized position among the varied social forces which surrounded and controlled mankind. Courts looked upon us with disparagement, leglslatures with suspicion, and soclety as the latest utopian experiment devised by idealists, perchance to live, and living to die, thus marking one more of the failures of enthusiastic and unwise men whose hearts felt more grandly than their eyes were per- mitted to see wisely. HBut by patience and intelligence, steadfastly continuing in &0od works, all this has now been changed. Old principles of jurisprudence have been adapted to this modern beneficlary organiza- tion, and the judicial conception of fraternal beneficlary work is fast crystalizing into permanent form, and it is hailed with pleasure that as our works are becoming better known among men, and as from time to time judges, some of whom have been members of the fraternal benefit socletios and have become acquainted per- sonally with our alms and objects, have de- clared those purposes from the bench Judiclal utterance has tended to confirm us in our werk and to recognize amd declare the many Important distinctions which exist betwesn ftraternal benefit societies and busi- ness insurance corpofations. One after an- other the legislatures of the different states Wwhen asked by the Modern Woodmen of America, have written upon their statute books laws which are a safeguard to our people and a recognition of us as well, and also a protection to all of our people. And the great hearts of the masses of our fellow citizens are every year becoming more and more moved with- wonder and approval as we manifest protection to the nineteenth century of clvilization, Our existence i no accident, nor is it any mere invention of man. In God's great plan for the uplifting of mankind through the es to the splendor of human perfection there are no accidents. This soclety is rather the natural outgrowth of this century, and it burst forth because the time was ripe for it Never betore, under the social and politi- eal conditious existing, would it bave been possible to have united the men of the differ- et sections of our broad land into one common soclety, whose foundation stone Is practical fraternity. Stirred by prejudice and by psssion, separated by distance and natural obstacles, not always having kindly mympathy one with another, but sometimes rather moved to hate than to love, today, after little more than twenty-five years, at least one in forty of all the population of r country, Including men, women and ohil dren, are members of some one or more of the beneficiary societies, and at least one in ten are their beneficlaries. Should one ask J0e whetler such a plan as these soclstise bullt upon was liable to endure, my an- swer would be: “‘Nothing. in this genera- tion can fall that meets so perfectly the com- mon wants of & common peopls,” We come into sharp competitfon with the old line insurance companies. We come Inta competition with the open ass:ssment associations, which have taken in part of our plan but have left our substance. We come nto competition with orders which claim to be allied to but have neither our form nor substance. We come into com- petition with men who say we will soon pass away and the world will know us no more, In fact, we come Into competition with all classes of people, socicties, And all kinds of insurance. But America is our field, never 10 be successtully invaded by any competitor, for it is our own so long as the warfare we wage is only for the widow and orphan, and rot to promote selfish, temporal Interests For benevolence and not gain is our corner stone, and this grand building of frater- nalism shali stand immortal, eternal and us stand steadfast and carry and purposes originally planted in our society, extending the right hand of fellowship to those who wish this protection for their widows and orphans, and thereby place them upon the foundation of fraternity. ITS IMPERATIVE MOTIV The most exalted form of fraternal benav- olence fs that exemplified by men who gather round a common altar and take upon the selves a sacred yow to be faithful unto death the loved ones, to care for the sick, to comfort the widow, to lift up the orphan, re- lieve them when depressed, and never make 1 the form of fraternity a pretense for personal gain. 1 stand here to tell you that the “Wood- men™ in one form or another existed cen- turies before the Golden Fleece or the Roman Iagls was dreamed of; that the orders of the Star and Garter, the Red Cross, and the Leglon of Honor are things of yesterday as compared with them. Far back in the dim and misty ages, before the cre were before the first stones were laid in the ernal city, In regions unlike those we see ound about us, where snow crowned peaks stand guard like sentinels, where babbling oks and murmuring rills discoursed soft music to the nodding pines, the first camp of Wosdmen was organized. With the ax they d the forest, with the wedge they opened up the secret resources of nature, and with the beadle they battered down the op- position of unworthy tribes that sought to bar r progress. So, my friends, we, as Mod- 1\ Woodmen of America, have the same ax, beadle and wedge, and we are destroying the abiding places of poverty, as they did the wild beasts, so that the blooming roses of happiness, the waving grain of plenty, the lowing herds of sympathy, the rumbling machinery of industry, and the stately cities of the home of the beneficlaries are thus maintained and protected Then you cannot say you have no “special motive.”” No special motive? Sea a motive in that wife whom you touk from loving parents and a comfortable home, and at the altar in the presence of the Almighty God you prom- to provide for. Answer to your con- nce whether she would be provided for it you were to die at this time. What would she have to pay that incumbrance that is n your home? What would she have to clothe those children? Were it possible for you to make her situation comfortable, then you would not be under obligation to do it. But you can do it, and it is offered you by th Modern Woodmen of America, s0 the obligation holds you and you are in duty bound to do it Beside this cast your eye upon the face of that promising boy and that lovely daughter. No special motive? Read It there! Do you love them? Yes, I dare say more than life Well, then, peril not their comfort. Leave them not exposed to pitiless poverty and its attendant temptations and crimes and upon the charity of the cold, cold world. No special motive? Ah! imagine your precious loved ones driven from their comfortable home and scattered like sheep upon the mountain withont a shepherd. Why? Be- cause you left them without the benefits of a life insurance policy in the Modern Wood- men of America. Your wife begging, your children paupers. Is not the love for your family a sufficient motive? What man has not felt the gush and thrill of joy when, after time and distance have separated him from the loved ones at home, he turns his face once more toward that hallowed spot, and the blood runs cold through his veins to know that his dear ones are not-cared for? There is 1m0 place like home, home, sweet home It is for the protection of this home, this rotreat is made, from the stings and sorrow of this world, our noble order has been founded. It was founded to protect and shield, through whose massive covering no dart or missile of the enemy can penetrate. It was founded to keep the fire burning in the home of the widow and fatherless. It is the union of the many to remedy the mis- fortune of the few. My friend, what excuse have you for not providing for your family? Let the matter be closed at once. Now s the time. For sudden disability may place the boon beyona your reach, and no matter how bad you wanted life insurance you could not get it. Thus, compelling you like many others who have lamented their foolish delay to exclaim too late! too late 'Tis like pardon after exe- cution. e FARMER POISONED THE MELONS. lled Three Thieves and Was Shot by the Father of One of the Victims. MAGNOLIA, Ark., Sept. 7.—A sensational tragedy occurred near Kaissville, La., a small town across the state line. Clinton Thomas, a farmer, has & fine melon crop which has been a perfect feast to the boys in the neighborhood. The raids of the boys became so frequent that the old man de- cided to put a stop to the depredations. He put poison In some of the finest melons and awalted results. The next morning his son Felix, George Bridges, a neighbor's son, and a man named Jacob Muir were found dead in the patch. The neighbor whose son was among the vietims was the first to discover- the dead bodies and called Thomas to show him the corpses. When Bridges learned that Thomas had poisoned the melons and caused the death of his son he drew a revolver and shot him dead in_his tracks. The murderer escaped. e A KILLED TWO OF THEM. Man's Erutality to His Wife Leads to a Fight with Her Brothers, NACOGDOCHES, Tex., Sept. 7.—One man dead and two mortally wounded Is the sequel to a family row eight miles east of here. Henry Watson married a Miss Summers, and his treatment of his wife was so brutal that her family remonstrated. He sent word to his father-in-law that he was going to kill him. Two sons remained at the house to protect the old gentleman, while Jesse and Joe Summers went to Watson's and began reasoning with him, but he drew his knife, disemboweled Jesse, and began hacking him to pieces, Joe Summers put six bullets in Watson, but not before he had been fatally stabbed In the region of the heart. Watson is dead and there is no hope for the Sum- mers boys. SRR PSS Artificial Precious stones. Artificial pearls and rubies are now made with such skill as to deceive experts and intraduze confusing conditions into the con of these costly and precicus ments. The diamond is also produc:d by artificial means, but so far only of small size, though the experimenters look forward to the production of Kohinoors, Regents and Oloffs which cannot be distinguished from the glittering and pricel:ss treasures recovered from the mine. The trophies of art in the modern period are indeed miracu- lous, working revolutions in all things, mak- ing the wonder of yesterday the commonplace of today, turning cld glories into dreams and old’ histcrie fewels like those which burned on the breastplate of the high priest or encircled the pontifical miter of the king's crown futo pebbles and unregarded trinketry. That state of things has not yet come about, but it seems to be on the way, and may bring with it new sccial decrees and usages in the matter of ornament and introduce a new scale cf prices in the jewel trade merce orna- Scored the Rellglous Loadors. DENVER, Sept. 7.—Bishops, elders, secre- taries, editors and ministers of the Metho- dist church recelved today a viry pointed letter from Rev. F. F. Pasnore of George- town, who creat:d a stir in Denver last summer by denouncing the soup hous: char- ity. His letter is full of cutting languages and accuses the bishops, ministers and ctier prominent members of the church of giving countenance to saloons, gambling Louses, theaters and other alleged evils. 10 ABATE THE SMOKE EVIL How Omaha is froseedisg in “Jontrollisg” Its Eig Ohimneys. EFFORTS TO ENFCRCE AN ORDINANCE Bulldings Which Coms Under the Ban of the Smoke Ordinance and et ixeuse for Not Comply) with Ity Terms, For elghteen months past the city of Omaha has been the proud possessor of an ordina intend:d to put an end to the nuisance created by the dense clouds of smoke that eternally ovefhang the business district of the city. The ordinance was duly sigred by the mayor and incorporated into th: municipal jurisprudence. But it has been rather an ornament than a live issue. The bituminous clouds still pour from the down-town chimneys and descend in grimy folds on surrounding buildings. Their sooty depesit continues to find its way to the im- maculate shirt bosom of the club man as h saunters up Farnam strest, and the conglomerated murky mass still hovers over the city until passing breeze con- siderately pushes it off toward the hottoms, The first ordinance designed to abate t smoke nuisance was passed and approved in April, 180. It was. generally concluded that it failed to fill the requirements and in the following month it was repealed and the present law, known as ordinance No. 0, was substituted. then some spasmodic efforts have been made to en- foree its provisions, but not with flattering success. Most of the large buildings have adopted seme brand of smoke consumer, but in most instanc:s the alleged consumer has failed to consume. When confronted with the ordinance the owner mildly dirccts the at- tention of the official to the apparatus in his basement and blandly inquires how many smoke consumers he must put in in order to comply with the law. Usually this is the last of it, but the question has been agitXted considerably lately in official circles and within the past few days the building inspector has sent out notices to the owners of offending smoke stacks that the nulsance must be abated and it is declared that the ordinance will be strictly enforced. TEXT OF THE ORDINANCE. The present ordinance and the one under which it is proposed to bring the recalei- trants to time is, in full, as follows ORDINANCE NO. 353, An ordiance amending ordinance No, 3,510 declaring the emission of dense smoke from chimney 1 smokestacks of build- ings to be a nuisance, and providing penalty for the violati thereof, and re- id ordinance No. 3,510, aine the city council of the city of Omaha Section 1. T smoke from s tacks or chimneys within the corporate this city shall be deemed and i to be a public nuisance; provided, this ordinance shall not be deemed pply n.]lnuhuu.-s used exclusively for 2. Tre proprieto pant of any builting who expiration of ninety days ordinance, some the emission of dense ssee or occu- hall, after the 'om the passage pe r allow dense be from smoke- n any building as shall be of ¢ ating and alning a_nui and shall, " upon fon of such offense. be fined a sum not less than five () dollars nor more than fifty ($50) dollars for the first of- fense, and upon conviction of the second offense shall be fined in a sum not less than fifty ($50) dollars nor more than one hundred ($100) dollars, and for each subse- quent violation sl I be fined in the sum of_one hundred (5100) dollars. Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the in- spector of buildings to inspect and to see to the enforcement of this ordinan, and he shall file information in the police court against any and all person maintaining a nuisance as Sec. 4. That ordinance No, tofore existing be and the same repealed. Sec. 5. This ordinance s and be in force from and Pa; May 16, 1 JOHN GROVE WILLIAM Pres Approved May 19, 1803, GEORGE P. BEMIS, Mayor. As indicated by section 3, the entire re- sponsibility for the enforcement of the ordi- nance is laid upon the inspector cf build- ings. It Is his business to ascertain what property owners are complying with the law and to bring the penalty to bear on those who neglect such compliance. In discuss'ng the situation Building Inspector Deverell said that the greatest dificulty that he encountered in the enforcement was the fact that many owners of buildings had put in a smoke comsumer that had been practically adopted by the city, and though it was a_complete failure, he doubted whether he could compel them to take it out as long as the same apparatus was in use in tho city hall, and by passing the bill for its purchase over the maycr's veto the council had practically announced thst it complied with the law ‘and was sufficient for the re- quirements of the crdinance. The apparatus referred to is the Hutchin- son smoke consumer, which was placed on all of the four bollers in the city hall by W. S. Hutchinson of Chicago soon after the passage of the ordinance. The contract in this case provided that the consumer should rcach a certain standard and the bill of $600 was vetoed by the mayor on the ground that the apparatus did_not accomplish what was claimed for it by the inventor and con- tractor. At that ti e the veto was sustained but eventually Mr. Hutchinson's claim was recognized. It transpired that the comptroller had given Mr. Hutchinson his warcant - without the formality of having it signed by the mayor and the amount was paid at the city treasurer's office, the omission of the signa- ture being uccidentally overiooked. The bill then came up in the council in the shape of a resolution to reimburse the city treasurer. The mayor vetoed it for the previous reasons, but this time the item was passed over the veto. The Paxton hotel and several other build- ings which are the most offensive smokers in the city have put in this same consumer and claim that it was recommended to them by the city as sufficient in every respect to com- ply with the ordinance. Now that they have done this they claim that they have done all that can be required of them and nothing fur- ther has been done in the matter. IT IS A FAILURE. According to Mr. Deverell the consumer is a fallure. He says that on nu- merous occasions the consumers at the city ball have been used for half a day and then detached and even the inventor could not teil which half they were in operation. There is but little smoke from the building, but this is claimed to be due to the fact that they have an unusually skillfal fireman more than to any merit of the apparatus. ““There |5 no question in my mind,” contin- ued Mr. Deverell, “that there are consumers on the market that will accomplish all that is claimed for them. But when one official has recommended a certain consumer it is a difficult matter for his successor to order prople to take it out. If the council had su tained the veto of the mayor on the Hutch- inson matter there would have been no diffi- ulty in getting effective consumers put into most of the large buildicgs. Some of the re- plies to notices 1 have sent out indicate the diffculty of doing much under the existing circumstances. For instance the Paxton hotel people replicd that they had put in the ap- paratus recommended by the city and ask how many more I wanted them (o put in A motice sent to the Millard hotel elicited the following: OMAH Neb,, Sept. 5 erell, speclor of By Yours of the ith inst ifying me t moke nuisa at Millard hotel r reply 1 wish to state that we have Is culled the Jarvis system of s sumer, and have had it for son it h been favorably compared with other smoke consumers, recommended and put ia by the city a year ago, and we have car fully watched and attended to it for the past r, and there Is no mocre smoke emitted from our chimney than there Is from the chimneys of buildings which are equipped with other systems of smoke con- sumers. Yours respectfully, THOMAS SWOBE. These are fair samples of the replics re- colved by the depirtment to the notices sont out. When asked his opinion as to the power of the inspector to enfor: the ordinance regardless of what had been done afor mal convic Lereby all take effect fter its passage. ¢ Clerk. ) 1BL, dent City Council. Hutchinson 1893, —~George De ings: Dear At the city b that the law|whs supposed to apply to all corporations and individusls aliks and that the fact that one neglected the law, whether it was the ety or a private irdividual, ex- no one glse, If, as claimed, however, 5 prople Heerk using the same appar: atus which had{een spproved and used by the city the city was in a rather weak p:si- tion to prosecute them for faflure to abate the nuisance, . There were many circum- stances wh ol ‘ififght be taken into consid eration. The same apparatus thet worked satistactorily in one place m'ght be a fail- ure in another.s It might be Improperly put in or it might nct be adapted to the style of boflers in use. In (his case it was not a questicA bf the sort of consumer used but whether it dooomplished what it wis in tended for. His personal op.nion was that the alleged smoke consumers were a fraud from first (o last. ———— THE REAL BUFFALO BILL, A Kansas Man Cla my Thele, There lives in Wichita, Kan., the man who Is rightfully entitled to whatever fame and honor belongs to the name of Buffalo Bill, says the Great Divide. Willlam Matthewson carried that title through twenty-five years active service on our western plains and mountains before the country west of the Mississippl as sottled by the whites, Mr. Matthewson is a hale and hearty veteran of 60, a quiet, unas- suming man, who since his residence in Wichita in 1868 has been one of its most pub- lic spirited and influential citizens. In ap- pearance he is not unlike the pcture of the typical Uncle Sam, With the excption of a pair of eyes of cagle keenness, he 18 very un- like the popular impression of the western scout, Indian trader and buffalo hunter. He is not at all given to talk of his expioits, but careful and interested questioning will th him out, and the listener will be rew by reminiscences enough to fill a bosk In answer to the writer's inquiry, Mr Matthewson sald: *No, 1 have never written a word of my life for the public, although there have been one or two short sketches in the western newspapers. But as to writing a history of my life, why, I should hardly know where to begin. And why should 17 The trials and hardships which I endured in the early days were a part of the necessities of pioncer times, which I shared in common with the first settlers. 1If it has been my for- tune to risk my HNfe, it has always been in the endeavor to save human life and prop- erty. I 1 had thought of gaining any re- nown for the few good decds I was fortunate enough to do, perhaps 1 might ifbt have ac- complished them, But the frontier man, in those days, was not thinking of making ma- terial for history or dime novels. He lived face to face with actual peril, and was too Prior Lien on the busy with the emergencies of the present to care for the curiosity of the future. I did however, for fifteen years, keep a dlary of my daily life, as I lived in connection with Kit Carson and his party—the two Maxwells, James and John Baker and Charles and John Atterby. 1 had the record of all our ady tures through the Rocky mountains, and the country where Denver now stands; of our getting the Indians together to prevent them raiding into Mexico; of my life with Colonel ir and Colonel Bent; of all the years I acted as Indian trader, at the great bend in the Arkansas river, at Cow Creek and at the post on the Little Arkansas, on the old Santa Fe trail. I had several mem- orandum_books that would be priceless to me now burnt when my ranch on Cow creek was burned in '04 Did the Indians give me the name cf Buffalo Bill? 'Oh, no, the white settlers gave me that title; not simply because I was a great buffalo-hunter, but because they were grateful to me for saving their lives during a period of great scareity. It was this way: In 1860 there was a terrible drouth in Kan sas, the crops baving failed cntirely. I sup pose the people would have suffered some it I hadn't been a hunter. There were plenty of buffaly roaming the plains, but the In- dians were thick and hostile, and the set- tlers unused to Indian warfare. 1 took a wagon train and some men and set out to the buffalo grounds, and from September until February we killed buffalo and sent train after train to the famine-stricken peo- ple of western Kansas.” “How did Willlam Cody happen himself Buffalo Bill?" Well, you see, Cody worked for me when hs was o young fellow—he is only about 45 now. I reckon he had begun to read Indian to call stories, and see how much was to be made by that kind of a reputation, and he was always fond of talk and show. I never was any hind to wear my hair long, and go swaggering about the country blowing about what I had done. I've had my hair pretty long at times, but always was glad to get it cut, when 1 could get back to a place where I could. Cody knows he hss no real right to the name, but If he wants to show off as a dime novel hero I have no objections. I reckon secing 50 many of those Indian lies has sort of disgusted me with talking abcut my ad- ventures, though I've had about as many and thrill'ng esc:pes as any of 'em can tell,” Mr. Matthewson is one of the best Indian scouts employed by the governme He has been instrumental in managing several important treaties with the Indians. In 1855 he was sent hy the goverpment to gather together for a council the Kiowa, Comanche, Ap:che, Arapatoe and Cheyenne Indians. A treaty cf peace was concluded in October, 1865. He entered into a private treaty with the chiefs of the differcnt tribes, in whic they agreed to allow lim to come and go and trade amongst them, and .he agreeing never to take up arms :gainst them again This treaty was never broken, although Mr. Matthewson has several times acted as me- diator between the government and the In- dians. 1865 he pre-empted the quarter- section of land on which his hands-me resi- dence now stands, and built on it one of the first houses in the town—a log house, which stands yet on the banks of Chishclm creek, an object of interest to visit'rs who like to hear of the famous Buffalo Bill Mr. Matthewson is wealthy and lives in a beautiful resid on Central avenue. Hels a Mason, a Knight of Pythias and an Odd Fellow, having been grand master of the state for three years. He has the confidence and esteem of his fellow-townsmen, as Wil- liam Matthewson, and that is more to him than notorlety as Buffalo Bill. —_—— TEA CULTURE IN AMERICA. Begun Ninety Years Ago, It Bas Advanced to n Promising Stage. The cultivation of tea in the United States was attempted first by the French botanist, Michaux, who, in 1804, conducted a series of experiments in South Caroiina. Since that the climate in the nelghborhood of Charles- ton has been generaily regarded as favor- able, and the ultimate success of the egperi- ment has not been unexpected. Until re- cently, however, the experiments have not, according to the Montreal Herald, been alto: gether satisfactory. Little patches, in some instances large gardens, have produced tea of fine flavor, though generaily it has b argued that this failure in pun, due to defective cutting and e adequate rolling of the le of which the cup qualities are not veloped. About ten years ago the Department of Agriculture made serlous attempt to produce commercial tea on a scale sufficiently large to arrive at a decisive result; and since t time a con siderable share of the eost of procuring tea seed In Asia_has been borne by the United States goverriment. The most recent couraging. The experts merchants in Daltimore have stat:d that the tea grown on the Summerville estate near Charleston is equal to English break- fast tea of the best grade, and superior to many Chinese and Iudian grades. The samples submitted were all of one quality and character. They were black, crisp and well scented. They made a strong bever- age and this fact was stated to be due to the treatment employed in the processes of fermenting and curing. The firm thinks it highly probable that perfected methods of curing the American product will gl tea similar to the various kinds that come from China and India; and it is frecly prophesicd that the American teas will be shortly able to enter into effective competition with the teas of the east lly to in- n consequence ully de- national the first experiment has been en- of a firm of tea —— g5lers Captured. ST. CLAIR, Mich., Sept. 7.—Jon J. Ja cobs and John Green, sald to be members of a gang of smuzglers with h-adquarters at Windsor, were arrested early this morning The prisoners crossed the river in a row boat with two trunks and abbut 600 pounds of opium, and were nabbed by detectives who bad ben lying in wait for them. The opium was obtained from Toronto. The cap ture is believed to be an important one. AY, s_EPTk’MBuk 8, 1804 1 ur}mu Attorney Connell sald RAIN-NAKING DOWN T0 DATE The Varicus Artificial Methods of Produc ng Rain Cousidered, ARE BATTLES FOLLOWED BY RAIN? ellefs Destroyed by Prac Bombarding the Heavens by Explosives, Fires and Gas Classed as » Fake. Hon. J. R. Sage, #irector of the lowa Weather bureau, contributes a second paper to the Midland Monthly, in which he proves how barren of results are the attempts to produce rain by artificial means. Drouths and floods, he writes, have been scourges of mankind in all ages, and the resources of human ingenuity have been exhausted in efforts to remed nature’s occasional ten- dency to extremes in the distribution of molsture, So the question, “Can we make it rain?” and its tonverse, 'Can we make it dry up?’ antedate and civitization, From the beginning there have heen pro- fessional rain-makers nd rain-stoppers, and barbarous people faith has been most in their ability to control the ele- or to influence the deities which pre side over earth and sky. The ancient seldom failed, for they possessed the gift of continuance, and p sisted in the performance of their divi tions, ircantations or rain-dances until the heavens were propitious In modern times the aid of goverrments and eecience ha been inveked to correct nature's irregularities, and, curiousiy, sim- ilar methods have been employed both to break drouths and avert destiuctive storms; an application possibly of the homeo- pathic principle, stmilia similibus curantur- that which makes it rain will cure excess. Din and racket, beating tom-toms, bell ring- Ing, concussions, explosions and making big noises generally have been the agencies used alternately to drive away storms and to break drouths. And it we may credit contemporancous reports they have been equally effective for hoth purpos Mr. R. de C. Ward (Am. Met March, 1892) states that in the memoirs Beaventuto Cellini there Is mention of the fact that an impending rain storm was averted in the year 1539, on the occasion of a procession in Rome, by firing artillery in the direction of the clouds, which had al- ready begun to drop their moisture. M. Arags th eminent French astronomey states that as rly as 1769 it was the pr: tice in certain towns fn France to fire guns to break up storms, but he expressed doubt as to the effectiveness of that method. There have been numerous learncd dissertations published by the scientists of Europe, within the last two centuries, relative to the pos- sibility of breaking the force of storms by the use of explosives, and the quest scems to have been settled by a negative conelunsion In this country in recent years the qu tion has assumed the opposite form, and the popular belief in the efficacy of explosives as rain producers has stimulated scientific in- quiry and led to some costly experiments under government auspices. The basis of this theory is the statement which large numbers of people accept as true, that great battles have been generally, if not in- variably, followed by storms. modern science amos: implicit ments sea medicine men’ to Jour., of MATILDA. —Tt was a good turn you did me when you told me of Santa Claus Soap. and saves time and work, It makes the clothes whiter than any other, MakY.—Yes, and it does not injure the hands or the clothes. SANTA CLAUS SOAP. Made by THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY, Chicago. 5th a cool rainstorm dampened the ardor of the belligerents. The weather was fair for a period of seven successive days, during which time the movement of the army began and the battles were fought: then came a rainstorm, with northeast wind and all the characteristics of the ordinary spring rains of that section, covering a wide extent of territory. The interim between rains at that time was about twice as long as the average dry period for that on of the year in that region of country. The battles of the civil war were fought, it should be remembered, in the seasons of the year and in the territory having cipitation for the states wherein militar: operations were carried on, one s impressed with the idea that a vast deal of the march- ing and fighting of the war must necessarily have been done in wet weather § A good general would give much attention the weather conditions and probabilities in making plans to strike an effective blow, and the main difficulty in that region would be to crowd in battles betwe matter of fact the weather during had an_effect upon battles, but th conclusive proof that battles had th effect upon the weather. Many of the surviving soldiers on both sides of the contest firmly believe that battles and storms came together with such freque ¥ as to 1ggest If not prove the relation of causoe and effect. This may be accounted for as a trick of the memory. Battles were great events in the life of the soldier, and all the incidents associated therewith were deeply impressed on the mind. A heavy shower falling during the progress of a battle or at its close would be remembered because of its association with so conspicuous an event, while the ma howers that fell dur- ing the dull routine of camp lite would be forgotten. So in ter years when the minor incidents have faded from the memory, the greater scenes and all their detalls are most vividly recalled. Coincidents serve thus to aid remembrance of events which can have no possible relation to each other, as, for example, the occur- rence of a great storm on Christmas, Thanks- | glving day, New Year's, Memorial day, the Fourth of July or other notable anniversary. to So in the war re is no slightest n rains. the greater comparative frequency of rains. Look- ing over the tables of daily and monthly pre- This belief s deeply rooted In the popu- lar mind, somewhat like the various no- tions held by many people in relation to the effects of the moon’s phases upon the weather. And it appears to be a tradi- tional idea, for the belief that battles cause rain was prevalent before the inveution of gunpowder. Plutarch says: “It is a_matter of current observation that extraordinar, rains gen- erally fall after great battles:” and he ac- counts for it on the supposition that the vapors from blood steam forth and cause precipitation, or that the gods mercifully send rain to cleanse the earth from the stains of warfare. Without doubt there was as sound a basis for that theory in ancient as in modern days, and rains followed battles as closely before as since the imvention of gunpowder. A book entitled “War and the Weather,” by Mr. Edward Powers, published in 1571, in- cited renewed discussion of this question, and was chiefly instrumental in bringing about the recent rain experiments. Mr. Powers presents apparently strong proofs to sustain his theory that explosions may pro- duce rain. He refers to about 200 battles of our civil war which were followed by rain, and also to a number of campaigns and sieges during which it was unusually wet. The intervals between the battles and ths storms they are supposed to have produced vary from a few hours to one or two days; but it rained, soon or late, after every one of the notable 200 or more battles—that fact is well established. Mr. Powers concedes that his facts do not absolutely sustain his hypothesis, but he contends that the relation of cause and effect is at least placed in the realm of probability. It has been stated that there were over 2,000 battles fought in the late war that are not included in Mr. Powers' list of rain- producing conflicts. If this is correct, it is not at all singular that in so great a number of battles, salutes, bombardments and simi- lar occasions of cannonading, there were noted 200 instances where rain closely fol- lowed the firing. We might indeed mar- vel {f the number were less. The writer was in four of the battles included in the list of alleged storm breed- and has a vivid remembranc of all the nes, Incidents and experiences of those hard-fought conflicts. Having always been something of a “weather ecrank,” the me- | teorological conditions of those days of ex- citement and exposure did not escape ob- servation. And it may be stated, as a con- clusion based on actual knowledge of the matter, that there was no visible evidence of any connection between those battles and any subsequent rain storms o The campaigns in Virginia and Maryland during August and September, 1862, were especially burdensome to the union army because of the great heat and infrequency of refreshing showers, albeit there was an abundavce of gunpowder burned. About the middle of September (10th to 18th) there were seven or eight days of almost con- tinuous fighting and cannonading at Harper's Ferry, Turner's Gap, Crampton Gap and the Antietam, and yet in answer to the soldiers’ fervent prayers for rain to temper the great heat there came but two light and insufficient showers during that campaign In matter of fact, during the second decade of September, 1862, that portion of Mary- land did not receive its normal amount of rain. It was exceptionally drouthy for that fon at that time of the year, In that portion of central Maryland iorthern Virginia where the Army of the Pot c marched and fought in August and September, 1862, the normal rainfall s about ons inch a week, and the average fre- quency of showers Is one In three to three and a halt days. The boys in blue who marched, and countermarched under Pope and Mclellan through the heat and dust of that campaign, from Manassas to Antietam, had oceasion to remark that there were protracted intervals between drinks and cooling showers, That, at least, is the very distinct remembrance of one of them, who abaut that time took his preparatory de- » in the Grand Army of the Republic. Fredericksburg acd Chancellorsville aigns do not furnish material support to Mr. Pow theory, though they are classed among the rain makers. At Fred- ericksburg the heavy firing began on De- cember 11, 186 and was kept up at inter- vals through the 12th and 13th. On the 14th and 15th both armies were comparatively quict. The weather was fair from the 11th until the e ing of the 16th, when a cold southeast rain set in with considerable fog, under cover of which the union army quietly recrossed the Rappahannock river—'to get on ‘tother side from where they had been at!" The rain came at the close of the fifth day after the canuonading began, and forty-eight hours afte the close of the actual engagement For verification of this statement see “Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War The fight at Chancellorsville opened on May 1, 1863, and there were sharp engagements on the 2d, 34 and 4th, with the weather all that could be desired. On the morning of the and ! strong that he urged congress and state leg- But something more than coincidents are re- quired to establish the relation of cause and effect. Thousands of picnics, grove meet- ings and other outdoor assemblages have been badly dampened or broken up by showers; but that fact does not quite sustain the theory that the concussion of air brought down the rain, or that we may break drouths by getting up mammoth pienics Battle Flag day at s Moines, August 10, closed with a refreshing shower, yielding more rain than had fallen within the preceed- ing forty days; but this does not justify the conclusfon that the shoutin of the veterans and the wayving of the battle flags compelled | the vapors to condense and come down, like | Captain Crockett's coon, without waiting to be fired at. The coincidence does not imply consequence, While the question of rainmaking by use of explosives was under consideration at Washington the scientists of tne Department of Agriculture made a thorough investigation of the subject, with all the records of the government at their command, and the con- clusion reached was that there is no founda- tion for the opinion that days of battie were followed by rain any more than days when it was all quiet along the lines. The experiments were made, however, un- der direction of men skilled in the work, and the heavens were bombarded by use of ex- plosives vastly more powerful than gun- powder, but no rain followed under conditions that would Justify the claim that it was caused by the shooting. The general verdict is shown by the fact that the experiments have been abandoned, and congress could not be induced to make another appropriation for their continuance. And today the con- cussion theory is not supported by any scien- | tist of note. “While this fact is by no means | conclusive, it throw the burden of proof upon | those who adhere to the notion. Some eminent scientific men of the past generation gave a qualified approval of the theory that great fires may, under certain conditions, give an initiative movement to storms. Espy in his “Philosophy of Storms’ (1841), and In his second meteorological report (1850), cited numerous instances of rains which he thought were evidently started by Dbrush fires. His belief in the theory was so islatures to make provisions for experiments in that line. Mr. Espy urged that when the lower air is very moist a large fire may initiate a rising current that in cooling forms a cloud that would expand into the propor- tions of a local storm. For a time it was belleved that the great fire in Chicago, in 1871, caused g heavy rain- fall which checked its further progress. But | this was not sustained by the facts as given by Prof. I A. Lapham, assistant chief signal | officer, U. 8. A., who said: “During all this time—twenty-four hours of conflagration upon | the largest scale—no rain was seen to fall, | nor did any fall until 4 o'clock the next | morning; and this was not a very considerable downpour, but only a gentle rain that ex- tended over a large district of country, diffe ing In no respect from the usual rains. It was not until four days afterward that an: thing like a heavy rain occurred. It is, there- fore, quite certain that this case cannot be referred to as an example of the production of rain by a great fire.”” It is generally agreed among sclentists of note that to start a rain by large fires the afr | must be moist and ealm—in fact, it must be | just ready to rain without assistance And | under such favorable conditions it would be impossible to prove that it might not have rained without a fire or any other artificial | agency to start it In an address delivered in 1884, Russell, president of the Royal w South Wa id government mer, after referring to the old idea clouds and storms could be dispelled by cannonading, which gave way after 1810 to tha opposite view that such dicharges cause rain, reviewed the Espy theory that great fires could be used to produce rain. He cited the records of forty-eight large fires, which led him to conclude that rain In no instan followed within forty-elght hours as a conse- quence of the fire. He calculated that in order to get an additional rainfall of 60 per cent at Sidney, a mass of alr over an area | of 52,000 square feet would to be raised 1,800 feet every minute, and the total amount of coal necessary to do this would be 9,000,000 tons a day. These startling figures may glve some idea of the probable cost and extent of a conflagration sufficiently great to break a drouth covering 500,000 square miles of terrl tory, and keep it broken. S0, even it It is fairly proved that under the most favorable conditions a bla may “fire of” a storm, It is wholly impracti- cable to adopt that method of rainmaking for everyday use in a very dry time. You see, when the alr is supercharged with aridity, 50 to speak, it must take a tremendous amount of priming to start the waterwork: There remains but one other method of artificial raiumaking to be briefly consldered Mr. H. C Soclety of astrono that | | wom | continue THE HAIR CONQUERED. MME. M. 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Call on or address Dr. Searles & Searles, 4% ¥AANAMST in this article, viz: the system introduced In this country by Mr. Frank Melbourne, the so- called Australian rainmaker. The process Is a closely guarded secret, but Mr. Melbourne explained that he employed certain chemicaly which were mixed and converted Into cloud- forming vapors. In making the gas, Mr. Melbourne further explained, the chemi- cals wers “placed In a little box about as large as a tinker's stove, operated by @ crank." wo or three years ago Mr. Melbourne was inveigled into western Kansas, and while there other paraties purchised or ap propriated his idea and improved upon his method by using other chemicals and add- ing a small electric battery to the outfit—to raise thunder and lightning. Of coyrse every well regulited summer shower must have that sort of an attachment. The bat- tery used, however, would be Insufficient to run a small sized electric street car on a level track, but maybe it is suficient for use In “touching off” the celestial fire- wor There are two drawbacks to this system: The rainmakers fix a time lmit to thelr contracts, and they undertake to make rain while the sun shines, and in too dry weather. They should emulate the example of the “medicine men” of the Winnebigo Indla who break drouths by means of ‘rain danees,” and when they Legin operations never let up until it rains, so they score & success every time. This new system must have Its run, There is no use attempting to overthrow it by serious arguments or by reasons bssed upon known scientific principles. Experience must do the work of tuition, and in this case, as in scores of others, experience is a very high-priced teacher. To thoughtful and Intelligent peoplo, who may be inclined to strike a bargain with one of these rsin-making chemists, this single suggestion may be ventured No real progress has ever been made, nor genuine scientific discovery introduced, through the methods of patent medicine street fakirs, When anylhing comes to you in that form, pretending to be a great Qiscovery for promotion of bhuman weal, spot it—It's & fake. - National Encampment G, A, R, At Pittsburg, September 10. The Union Pa. clfic has been selected as the official route. For rates and other Information see YOUF nearest Unlou Pacific agent,