Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 22, 1894, Page 13

WORLD-FANED WALL OF CHINA Trip Over thy New Tmperial [ailroad to the Wonderful Fortification. FIFTEEN HUNDRED MILES OF MASONRY “he Napoleon of China and His Barbarous Deeds — Farming Scenes in North China as Plow Horses re About the Railrond. (Copyrighted 1894 by TFrank G. Carpenter.) In the regal special train running through north China, from Shan Hal Kwan to Tien-Tsin—-by railroad to the great wall of China. On a special train through some of the least known parts of the Chinese empire, Dashing along at the rate of forty miles an hour through the plains of north China. The steam demon of the present cutting its way into the most famous ves- tiges of the celo tial past These are of the Journey 1 now making imperial road of this vast pany with the party of ex-S in the private car of China's statesman and ruler, LI Hung Ch have traveled already nearly through the sgricultural and min tricts of this part of China, and have our American sole leather on t of Manchurin. We left the New Yo north China, the great trading city of Tsin, and its million almond-cyed people, fn the early morning of two days ago, and plowed our way through tens of thousands of brown grave mounds to the eastward. We passed the myriad huts of the city of Tong Ku, at the mouth of the Peiho river, and turned to the north almost under the shadow of the frowning battlements and of the Krupp and Armstrong guns of the Taku forts. We stood on the platform and saw the scores of queer windmills which, with their square white wings, pump the brine of the Yellow into the :alt pools of the government rvoirs, and watched the gangs of yellow coolies cutting down the new in com ty Foster st powerful g We miles g dis- planted borders wonders of over the some am empire Tien- | of ot | | trom wife; Mr. Orr, a wealthy citizen of Evan ville, Ind., and his two young lady daughters, who' are related to Secretary Foster, and who are making the tour of the world with him, and last of all, your correspondent, who has been sent out here to write up the modern movement iIn_China. The three Englishmen are the officials in the employ of Li Hung Chang. First, there Is Mr. G. D. Churchward, who has built railroads in Australia and New South Wales, and who fs one of the best of modern civil engineers, He 18 in charge of the locomotive works of the vicero at Tong Shan, and in the absenc of Mr. Kinder, the general manager of the Imperial railroad of China, who is carrying on the survey into Manchuria, Is the super- intendent of the road. Dr. Robertson is a young physician who was connected for some years with the Chinese navy, and who s now in charge of the viceroy's big naval hospital at the Kalping coal mines, and Mr. Garland Is the English traffic manager of the two Chinese railroad systems. The two Chinese officlals are well educated Chinese gentlemen, they speak English perfectly. Mr. Chun Of Ting was for years consul gen- eral of China to Cuba, and he Is now in charge of the coal mines here, managing a capital of millions, and Mr. Tong, his secre- tary, is a graduate of Yale college, and one of the brightest young men of the empire. Both of these men are clad in oficial dress, wearing gor; us silk gowns, big cloth boots and black silk caps with red but- tons in the center of their crowns. They are good talkers, and are fuil of information concerning China. The spe- cial train which we have migat be that of an Amerlean railroad president, and we travel in it with as much ease and comfort as we would have were we a congressional party traveling to the funeral of a senator the United States at the expense the government. The train consists of an engine built on the English plan at the Chi- nese car works at Tong Shan, of an open r in which are carried the sedan chairs \d the coolie bearers neaded for the trans- portation of th in our trips away the railroad; of a second special car which' can be used for smoking or loafing; of an open observation car in w hich we can sit and watch the every varying panorama of Chinese farming scenes and of the v I car prop: This last Is made of ese teak finished in the natural wood. Tt {s as hard as ebony, and it s on the rich dark color of oiled chestnut. It contains halt a dozen rooms, which are furnished in foreign style. The sofas are upholstered with the finest of blue nd silver brocaded silk, and there are plenty of tables and easy chairs. The walls of the car are in blue and gold. The win- outside the of salt and loading it for Tlen-Tsin. at high prices as a government monopoly for the people of the interior. We rode for an hour over salt marshes, upon which Mongolian ponies, red cattle and donkeys grazed, and then entered the rich gardens of the great plain. Here every inch was cultivated, and the farmers were overy- where laboring in the fields. We saw the wheat planted in rows, two feet apart, springing from the soil in its luxuriant green dress of the early spring, and could note the curious methods of work of these the best farmers of the world. The crops are planted in small tracts and everything is cultivated with the hoe and. the plow. There is no sowing of grain as with us, and the rows of wheat, corn and millet are weeded and fed with manure. The wheat is planted in the fall and in the spring, as now, the rows are plowed and other crops planted between them. Fverywhero over the landscape you see lles of manure, each contalnmg about two jushels of brown earth, and here and there men and boys gather up this manure into Yaskets and carefully shake it out over the newly planted crop. This is after the seed has been sown. Now a donkey or a m pulls through the row a little roller of stone, mixing the seed and the manure with tho soil and pulverizing the earth till it Is as fine as the s of the seashore, Every one is at work in the flelds. Little children of 3 and 6 's go through the rows With baskets tied to their backs pulling the weeds with three-pronged hoe They put oach, weed into their baskels and it is saved for food or fuel. There you sce boys driving donkeys and now and then you will geo & man plowing and men and boys hitched to the plow and doing thg work of horses. I photographed ome man on my way to Peking who had his whole family harnessed to his plow. He leaned upon the handles with all his might, while his three sons and one daughter tugged and pulled in drawing the plow through the furrow. He grew quite angry at my pointing the camera at him and rushed up to me and tried to take it out of my hands. T shoved him back, however, and with the assist- ance of my donkey boy was able to mount and gallop away. THE TRIP TO THE GREAT WALL We saw some such scenes on the way to fTong Shan, where the famous Kaiping coal mines are situnted and where we were en- tertained over night. We passed many coal cars carrying the black diamonds down to the sea to be shipped in the company's steamers to all parts of south China, and at every station we found a crowd of almond- eyed, yellow-faced mortals gazing at us in wonder. The trip from Tong Shan to the wall has been over the new Rovernment railroad, and our special train i: the first of the kind which has gone over it. The line itself has only been opened to trafilc for a few , and this will be the first report give the eclvilized world its ‘charact It is a railroad that any c try might own with pride. Well ballasted and well laid, the steel track as solid as though it had been used for a gen- eration, and its stations and bridges have been built to stay. 1 Ho bridge, which we crossed several hours ago, near the walled city of Lan Chow, is neerly feet In length, and it has five great spans, each of which is 200 feet long. It has a number of smaller spans, and it is bullt upon arches of solid stone, the Iron work being made by the samoe company that made the great Forth bridge in Scotland, and the heavy arches were sunken by the pnue- matic process. Crossing this we rode onward—part of the time at a speed of forty-five miles an hour—past other cit- fes, till we came in sight of the mountains of Manchuria and stopped with the end of the railroad, almost on the edge of the sea and within a stone's throw of the breach in the great wall, through which the rail- road {3 to be extended hundreds of miles further on into the wilds of the almost unknown country of Manchuria. Here under the shadow of the great Chinese wall, gray WIth its age of 2,000 years, we ate our luns eheon n the viceroy's car, nine representa- tives of the most progressive nations of the present at home and in_comfort among the Tulna of the greatest work of China's historic past. It Is indeed mountains ot a curlous signt for Our party consists of six Americans, three Englishmen and two Chinese officlals, in addition to & retinue of servants and train men. The Americans are: General John W, Voster, ex-secrelary of state, and his China large, and those at the top of the whence it will be shipped oft | car and serving as ventilators are of stained Pictures of the finest Chinese em- bang upon the walls, and the larder upply of all sorts glass. broidery is filled with a plentiful of things, liquid and solid. It was after a good dinner that we took our trip to the great wall. We spent some hours in walking about it. We climbed to its top and ex- amined the great towers which crown it at every few hundred yards, and in our Awmer- fcan shoes tramped over the brick pavements which were trod by the Chinese warriors who buillt it, mow more than two thousand years ago. We made measurements and examinations of it at the breach where the rallroad is to pass through it on its way into the Manchurian wilds, and with our own hands pulled from its sides four great bricks, which we will carry back to the United States as mementoes of the trip. THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA. What a wonderful structure it is and how mighty it must have been before the days of gunpowder and cannon. I have seen the pyramid:, but this massive wall impresses me more forcibly than they. The greatest of all the pyramids is an immense pile of stones, covering thirteen acres and reaching to a height less than that of the monument at Washington. The great wall of China, if the brick and earth composing it could be carried to the valley of the Nile, would pet the best parts of Egypt, and it is a work incalculably gre than the monu- ments of the ptian kings. I visited it where it runs through the Mongolian moun- tains, about ninety miles from the city of Peking, and I found there an even more solid Structure than that at Shan Hai Kwan, on the edge of the sea. It begins here at the head of the gulf of P runs up and down the mountai across the boundary of northern Chir arating the country from 1 provinces of Mongolia and Manchuria, tiil it reaches the great desert of Gobi, above Thibit. It is more than 1,200 miles long in a straight line, and with its windings up the hills and down the valleys it measures all told a distance of more than 1,500 miles. This wall is about thirty feet in height, or as tall as a three-story city house. Its width at the points where I have visited it ranges from fifteen to thirty feet. The parlor is not more than fifteen feat nd if you will imagine a solid block fifteen feet deep, built s from New York to an get a faint idea of the size t wall. Such a block, however, casy to construct in col 1son with the work needed for this vast fortifica- tion. It would cut the plains of New York, Ohio, Indiana, Hlinois and lowa where the soil has much clay and where the raflroads could car erials, at 1 of C the mountains, Omaba, of this gre would be ina Is built right It climbs up crags so p that the bricks had, it is sald, to be od on the backs of goats. It crosses taller than the Allegheny mountains, and at one point goes over one which Is 5,000 feet above the sea. A large part of it has a foundation of granite blocks from two and a halt to four feet thick, and the base of the wall is ten feet wider than the top. The bricks of which it is made weigh from forty to sixty pounds, o as much as a 6-year-old boy, and the clay for these bricks had to be transported long distances from the interior at some portions of the wall. These bricks are of a slate color. According to measurement they are fifteen inches long nine inches wide and about five inches thick. They are put together in a solid masonry by means of lime mortar, and they are built up from the foundation in two walls, each about threa feet thick, runuing parallel with each other, the space between being filled with earth and stono well rammed down. The top of the wall is paved with these bricks, and its average width is about fifteen feet. It Is everywhere 50 wide that two two-horse wagon loads of hay could be driven along it and the hubs of the two wagons would not touch. Six horses abreast could be easily driven upon its paved highway, and on each side of the road along its whole 3 miles of length there is a brick crenellated wall as high as your head, which would prevent them falling off in case of a stampede, At short intervals the wall is crowned by great two and three- story tow o of those big blue bricks, and at_the in the mountains there aro arched gates of stone, some of which are beautifully carved. Here and there the wall Is double, a second wall running over the country some distance back from the first, ! nd on the peaks near it there are often watch towers, in which the guards stood in times past and warned the soldiers stationed on its top of the advanceing hordes which they spied coming from the wilds beyond. HOW IT WAS BUILT. Much of the great wall is still in perfect condition. Standing upon it at the eity of Shan HMal Kwan we could see it climbing up the Manchurian mountains, jumping the GATE OF WALL, 2,000 YEARS OLD. gorges and scaling the p lito of twenty centuries, it seemed to grasp the earth of the present with its mighty hand, and where it crossed the mountains it seemed as imperishable as the hills whose hoary brows it crowns. At other places, however, time has gaine the mastery, and nearest the raflroad there is a breach at least 100 feet wide, and one side of the wall, where it bounds the city of Shan Hai Kwan, has been almost overthrown. Its sides are covered with moss, and the grass has grown upon its pavements. No arches now guard it, and it only remains as a monument of the hun- dreds of thousands of almond-eyed men who 2,000 years ago thus sought to protect thelr homes and those of their descendants from the savages of the north for all time to come. No one can stand upon its ramparts and not be impressed with the strength of this great Chinese nation. Seventeen hundred years be- fore America was discovered; at a time w our blue-blooded ancestors, half naked and altogether savage, were wandering through the wilds of France, Germany and England, when Rome was still a republic, fighting her last battles with the Carthaginian 200 years before Christ was born, these same Chinese people built this mighty wall. Their history states that it required an army of 300,000 men to protect the builders, and millions must have been em- ployed ‘in the undertaking. I have seen erongh of the building of railroads and other works In China during my present tour to understand how it was probably constructed. There was no machinery used, and few c: tle and horses. Every foot of it was built by man, and in its 1,500 miles of mountain ciimbing there are today bottled up within this structure the vital force of millions of the Chinese of the past, a monument to the thought that while man dies his work re- mains, as does the hand that carved the Venus di Medici and the pen that wrote kespeare and the Aeneid. These Chinese 00 years ago probably carried the earth and’ stones which formed the filling of the greater part of the wall in baskets, and this earth was rammed down by means of discs of stone or iron as big around as a f bushel measure and from six to eight inches thick. It s in this way that the em- bankments of the railroads are being built today. It takes eight men to each of such discs. There are holes cut about its circumference, and in_these ropes about ten feet long arc fastened. The men stand at equal distances about the dise, and by pull- ing back raise it and throw it upward often to a height above their heads, and it falls upon the fresh earth with a thud. A ninth man often sings a song while these men thus work, keeping time to his music with the weight, and joining in the chorus, the weight falling at the end of each verse and line. It is the same with the packing of the earth with wooden stamps. Bach man has one of these about the weight of the dasher in an old-fashioned churn, and the gang of stampers sing as they work. The bricks were made by hand, and men and women aided in their laying. Such wood as was used in the towers was pulled up by human muscle to the top of the wall, and the saw- ing of the timbers was with cross-cut saws. THE NAPOLEON OF CHINA. The organization required for the build- ing and the defense of such an army of luborers shows a high state ot civilization, The man who began the work was one of thie great men of the world's past. He has been called the Napoleon of China, and he to a large extent was the founder of the Chinese empire. ifis name was Tsin Chi Hwangti, and he consolidated the many Kkingdoms of China into one. He buflt at his capital @ vast palace, with many build- ings, which were connected by coionnades and galleries. Each set of these buildings he had made the exact counterpart of the palaces of the rulers he had conquered, and when the whole was compieted he brought them to his capital and kept them there 'in state. He built this great wall in ten years, and organized many public works. Like Alexander and Napoleon, he grew vain he went on in his conquests, and he de- cided that Chinese history should begin with him. With this view he committed an act which has made him in the eyes of the Chinese the most despised and detested of their emper: This w the collecting of all the libraries and histories of China to- gether and burning them. He had all of the copies of, Confucius and Mencius that could be found committed to the flames, and for fear that there might be other books written than such as he desired he killed the 500 most eminent of the cholars of his empire. It is said that not a single perfec copy of the Chinese clas ped destruc- tion, and such as exist today are made up from the parts remembered by scholars who were not known to the emperor, and which were written out after his death. aks. Gray with its e PRATTLE OF THE YOUN, TERS: Eight-year-old Fred was the youngest momber of a large family, and, unlike many boys of that age, was accustomed to re- gard himselt as a person of little impor- tance, At the table he ate what was given to him with a thankful heart and a vigorous appe- tite. He was not consulted as to his per- | likes or dislikes, as far as food was rned. urally enough, therefor ufused when, on the occasion of his first dining out at the home of one of his schoolboy friends, he was asked whether he would like his siice of beef rare or well don, Why fully; and then, he said “It doesn’t make any differenc Brown. Any old thing will do ni me!" his 1deas were think,” stammered Fred, bash- with his usual bright smile, e Bessie was just finishing her breakfast as papa stooped to kiss her before going down town. The little one gravely took up her napkin and wiped her cheek. “What Bessie!” sald her father. “Wiping away papa’s kiss? “Oh, no," she said, looking up with a sweet smile, “I's wubbing it in.” he sentence, “I have se of the pronoun [? Nominative case. tell me In what ¢ ‘Teacher a book, Sammy Sammy, in what is the (promptly) sacher—Next boy, the noun book t Boy (thoughttully)—Bookcase, se to put Dickey—I'd think Jimmy Rice would feel just ke an orphan. Mamma—Why? Dickey—Why, his papa and mamma let him do everything he wants to. Frances and her papa had a few squares to go and the latter asked: “Frances, shall we walk or take the street cars v replied the little girl, “I'l walk you'll carry me." 1, it e Father (solemnly)—This Is going me more than you, Napoleon. Napoleon (sympathetically)—Well, 100 rough on yourself, dad; I ain' to hurt dont be worth it | clearly the tenden: MORSE CLOSING 0UT, Friday our stote MORSE The China was closed all day ment contint draw to give us time to not? good, reliable the |arrange stock and mark down prices. at half Saturday (as you all ties. First - merchand i know) we were crowded to the and under. doors. Same for THsanis, draws. DRY GOODS €0, Glassware Depart- the people; and why should it You can buy you have to pay for questionable quali- 0 manufacturers’ cost This s the magnet that MORSE CLOSING OUT. Vista Mineral Water FREE to you all and nes to goods price day Monday. It is pure. It is healthful. class at MORSE DRY GOODS (0. Hosiery. On Friday hosiery was marked away down Monday. Ladies' Seamiess, 124¢ Tan Seam* 124¢ Ssam- e Silk Hose, 50¢ Ladies’ less, Childrens loss, Ladies' Boys' Bicycle, 18¢ HALF COST IS SURE NORSE CLOSING 00T, Monday. Linens. llc Bath Towels. 5c Linen Towels. $1.00 $2.00 Damask. ‘ 44c Bleach Damask, 66- inch. $1.839 12-4 Spread (Mar- sellles). | An Our MORSE DRY GOODS CO. Monday. Carpets. All Carpets bought will Monday we lay free of charge. This Offer for Monday Only. MORSE CLOSING 0UT Monday. Boys’ Clothing Your choice of four lots. Lot 1, §2.00 Lot 2, §3.00 Lot 3 §4.00 Lot 4, §5.00 They have sold for more than h\lu. our rrk MORSE DRY GOODS CO. Monday. Lower Than Ever, If cost will MORSE marked d Friday: not do it half cost will close out our CAPES, SUITS, JACKETS, TEA GOWNS. Lower Than Ever. ing Flan 4%4c 4-4 CLOSING OUT. These were 49¢ comtorts, 69c¢ comforts, 98¢ comforts. 8¢ Berkley ana Lonsdale Cambric. 7%c¢ fine Out- Sheeting. MORSE DRY GOODS C0. Monday own We were closed Friday. Marking down prices. Greater sacri- fices made than ever before, to nel, close out our business AT ONCE- MORSE CLOSING 0UT. Monday Black Coods To be sold, all have been marked low. One lot of silk and wool Novelties that have never sold for less than $1.75, go for 75c. Prices like these talk. MORSE DRY G00DS (0. Monday Dress Coods. Three lots of Dress Goods that are hum- mers At llc—One table of changeabls Novelties. At 29c — One table of Scoteh Suitings. At 75¢ — Ono table loaded with choice goods worth up | Fast black (50¢ MORSE CLOSING OUT. Men's Coods. BUY NOW. Tan hose, 20, 36¢ ggan une derwear($1) 50¢ $1.00 white 50¢ $1.25 neg ligee shirt.. ......75¢ PRICES LIKE THESE TALK MORSE CLOSING OUT. Vista Water All Day MONDAY in our drinking MORSE DRY GOODS Monday. Draperies. For the song Muslins. Ser very cheap. fountain. Help yourself— it is free. mere ota price. Lace Curtains,Lace Cloths and Linol- eums 25 per cent off PRICES WILL DO IT MORSE CLOSING 0UT. Monday. (0. I should say prices were cut Friday on Silks. China Silk, goods Imlu'llml Chency Bros.. eens 0il % 49¢ :69c 49 One table Novelty \HI(« Some have sold for A lot of Fancy Silk Qauzes, they are 81 zoods. MORSE DRY GOODS C0. Monday. Laces | must go faster. Lace Dress Nets. Lace Flouncings Black Laces all widths. White Silk Laces. All must go. in Half Cost Will Do It. Monday Cloves REYNIER'S BEST At $1.99 Reynier's 8-inch best. At $1.13 Best kid 7-hook. At 97¢c Best kid 6-hook. At $1.00 White kid Gloves. Retiring from Business. MORSE CLOSING OUT. Muslin Underwear. At $1.00 Extra long elab- orately trimmed chemises. At 67¢c Drawers, corset covers, rogular $1.35 goods. Silk Underwear, made of China and surah silk at less than half price. Infants’ Dresses, Half Price. MORSE DRY GOODS (0. Retiring from Business. Our stock was not moving fast enough, so we closed our store| lust Friday to make further re- duction in prices Saturday. Our store was crowd- ed all day and Monday it will De, too. MORSE CLOSING OUT. We have a very large stock of BLACK SILKS that must be sold and the prices that we have put on them will do it: If you have the least thought of a Dblack silk dress for the fall. MORSE DRY C00DS (0. { NORSE DRY GGODS CO. Your Time To Buy Your Carpets. MORSE Ribbons. The only p we have are: Monday you Ribbons at buy them at a g0 low price and have them made and laid for nothing. Closing Out, “ “ “ “ “ “ “ But see them the price. CLOSING OUT. Monday. MORSE DRY GOODS (0. Classware. At 75¢ a dozen— Your rhoiu.\ of all our 81, $1.25 and ? 50 Thin eng. Toas Tumblers. n top Jelly Tum- blers. At 18c — Your choice of our 25c, 30c and 35¢ glass Berry Bowls. At I5e—Quart sizo Wine Decanters, engraved. At 29¢c — A fine plain glass Water Bottle. 20 Go 9o 12¢ 16e 22¢ 2ic for Prices will do it. MORSE CLOSING OUT. Summer Underwear. At 5e—Ladies’ 250 gauze vests. At 18c—Ladies’ silk finishea vests. At 23c—Tadies’ fine lisle vests. At 35c—Ladies’ ex- tra fine lisle thread tights. At25c—Ladies'lisle vosts, long sleeves. 33% por cent off Dr. Jaeger's under wear. WOMAN AND CHILD LABOR An Important Subject Discussed by the United 354633 Jonn'siiraae o8 Lvhoe WAGES, HOURS OF LABOR AND PROSPECTS Women Not Crowding Men in Mechanica Industries, While the Froportion of Children 18 Gradually Growing Less 1n Those ustries. (Copyrighted 1594.) The presence of women and children in mechanical industries is considered by many as a menace to the ppsition of men, affecting not only their tenurg but, their wages. By others, thel is considered an evidence of ncement, and, so far women are concerned, as tending toward their independe 1 to them freedom from burdensome dépendence and making them a more active factor in the affairs of the world. All agree,/ however, that children ought not to be engaged in any industr but should use the years of childhood for the purpose of securing wuch-a practical educa- tion that they may be more able to become self-supporting when y reach maturity, The discussion of the quéstlon, therefore, Is interesting sociologically, but it s often con- ducted more from the stindpoint of senti- ment than from fadt. ‘The results of the Eleventh census givelns the facts and show es of the times in respect to the employment of the classes named. In this article I shall deal only with the women and children employed in the chanical and manufacturing industries of the country, because this is sufficlent for this time and purpose, and, further, the classifi- catlon of all the population of this country as to occupations, both remunerative and otherwise, has not yet been published by the census offic The total number of persons, men women and children, engaged in the industries named was, In 1890, 4,711,822, as against 95 in 1880, 3,996 In 1870 and 1,811 in 1860, Reduced to percentages, these persons constituted, in 186, 4.17 per cent of the whole population of the country; in 1870, 5.33 per cent; In 1880, 5.45 per cent, and In 1890, 7.52 per cent. As a side fact from the one under discussion, I may remark that as o, stour 1 i these figures stantly iner show asing proportion manufacturing industri for in 1860, rs of age, there hanical industr being .86 of 1 per cent of the in 1870, the number was per cent of the whole popul the number had arisen rapidly 1.06 per cent in 1890, or 1.35 per cent of the proportion of the tic taking f number of pei ing industri females, would in the total mumber women inc that is, both in fact and re discover the rel [ under 15 whole, and then we whether the empl menace to the posi not, Unfortunately the c census of 1860 dig not children _employed in Qustries, but in 1870 ¢ 15 years of age 28, or .30 separated as indicate a employe latl rs of a ay be ab yment of glv we been 114 populat cent, b per cont ing a slight iner to 121,194, being only total population. This gratifying showing that not only is the employed decreasing, 19 is but still greater decrease. A ‘moro Instructive 1s to be of the total number of manufacturing ind 8. shows that in 1860 66 persons e we females ove 1 they constituted number employed; per o , and iIn cent. The relation per in_ 1880 1890 the: therefor tionary at the last three f and was only about 3 per ce what it was in 1870, relatively less than in 1860. therefore not crowding upon mechanical industries THE PROPORTION I L rapidly. It was not given conclusively that country. of the total population, the number had grown to be 815,428, people. total population was prac- lly the same at the censuses of 18 1870, but increased largely before 1880, and to a still higher point in 1590, as shown. These two comparisons between ons employed in manufactur- whole relatl but in number and in percen ely tion which the childien, e, bear to determine women u and wages of men or sification the manufacturing find of both sexes to have 3 in 1850 it was 181,02 ase while in 1890 the actual numbe per an cent exceedingly and proves conclusively number thaf the proportions of the total population shows a of comparison, found in discussing the proportion mployes enga This comparison cent of ployed in manufacturing industrie years of per cent of the they were number of persons employed was quite leral t in 1890 o \d nearly 3 The the OF CHILDREN GROW- The proportion of children has fallen very | it in 1860, a c the to population s engaged in the mechanical and s of tne we consider women alone the same fact ap- nales were employed of tne country 270,807, otal population’; 70, being .84 ion 1t | e were 6 e were o 1 by the children mechanical above 15 in the sontiment an cational in many more dustries, dren under eastern pecially, ment of in 1,6 1850, of The and the under 10 this la manufacturin orced, ought to be tablishment and this has ntly for t 15 years the total males and progress as the e, must or to the we or there tates Dpulsory is a ¢ i3 a that, of the | 4 number of | in the 1n- | parents thro number | i tend school, the support will some ti to be solved am inclined to adopt at | and one whi of people of con WAGES O The facts it may be total wi women in fac the total or .36 | relatively had fallen of the children relative however, ' in | wages paid | went to fem only 11.39 p children whole. son employed what disappc the female all the 1870 total 19.45 per total sta census we 17.94 the per cent women are men In employed in 11 per ¢ The total numbe colved but | patd is found but in This Is the r work, largely prohibits the employment of chil- 10 years of age. states, children forced that the becomes no such establishments edue; laws which p positio g it impossi who are 1ooking to the tions, well to see colving These percenta with the are quite above | 17.94 per cent of tha tots Looking number of males rec MORSE DRY GOODS (0. Toilet Articles Caldor's tooth pow- der... .. 12 English tooth pow- der, ..16¢ Vennard's Wash...18¢ Bay Rum.... .20¢ Frevch Perfumo...07c Tetlow's faco pow- der .120 .06¢ 11c .05¢ 18¢ 19¢ 17¢ .01 056 Swans Down, Lubin's powder. Spongo cups. Almond meal , Castile sos Magic sec Bone hair pins Fancy pins, PRICES WILL DO IT sons under of the total in it, while in 1 only 2,57 per cent of the wl e no other conclusion than are disappearing from our g and manuiacturing sult of two causes \d gen and, second, the law the older states, or in interested in mechanical .66 per o first, In New of those In ngland law relative has been are practi of age in the factorie; general throughout ng states, and fs well and ri child under 10 years of found in manufacturing To the mind of the been his opinion expr wenty years of age ought not to be 80 rigidly ally no chilg onflict on the lon laws ibit th tories, have found n of preventing the ugh the wages of childr for the childre to and yet making no provision of the parents. This p me be soived, but it will along very broad lines, to think the public bresent, ch ay well in this matter, lier hgnd and, on the Is not re tate the I WOME 8 to numbers having 1 what p the portion of country falls )m that the cent of th paid in children. le to state tutes 87.78 per in 1890, wales over 15 years of a r cent of the total amount, but .88 per cent of percentages as to the nu Instructive, while as for Instance, in 15 years of binting received ges pald manufactures, it of the total yet r of persons employed 88 per cont of the wh at_the classific that 70.85 per elved yet le W t of the 9 and over industries, public al opportunities for edu- which those to the non-employ- w writer d con children under found in 1 know very well that because have ¢ other, employment of ¢ themselves support of thus )blem have , whic It is a serious difficulty minds amelloration AND CHILDREN en glven, recent ecales gos of total while the wages which ko constituted number of persons n of wages total per MORSE CLOSING OUT. Notions. At 40— [§ At e Hooks and eye: At de— Darning cotton. At Te— Ping and trays. e ats' thread, , g J0rulino stays. o Twin stays. t 8c— Y pe measure. Safoty pins, At 3. Rubber corset. luces. At 27c—Sitk shields, At 9 —Bolts. At 3¢~ Largo fans, At 9c—Biuding ribbon. At wdies’ collars. PRICES WILL DO IT 15 years of age were number of em- 1580 0 there of females oy less than $9 pe per ce ployed their is, those ployed le. at persons -1 This 1s not the the reasons why men, but the W to posed, and girls and the s en- en hen the ialy age increasing propor but iparent reading may be, s over 15 are no ver but so0 f subject may be o curacy that employed in the ! the country are LEGAL om The more and more tion, They children and 1 h I | cumbent upon t ady | ployment of hours and has not been de the | the male regulated at for dren, The long ago e women and through The whole the to ula was | ing establ n the the taken in compari \ber Washington, D some 1590 but out children constituted 257 per cent of the re | Pertorm at .30, JORSE DRY (00DS (0. Dress Coods. Large stock to select from and must be sold; one price will not do it, we know what will. Perhaps half cost will. Retiring from business. instead of s great an e doing formerly did in our factorie plemented proportion of children, t the timated with a fair about employment the have hem women and childre conditicns emed wise employment of male adults to a o regulation of the hours sened children positive thical, social ent discussion of which a knowledge of the per cent of the whol r 15 years of age re week, and a little over 28 whole number of females em- less than Nearly all the children, that $5 per week for under 15 years of age, em- in manufacturing establishments re- celved $5 per wee WOMEN TAKING THE PLACES OF BOYS AND GIRLS. k or less. place, of course, to discuss women receive less than tainly indicate that the owding upon the men xtent as 13 rally sup- s of boys work which they The constantly tion of men Indicates this, by the constantly do- ct be- . foregoing statements the what portion of the rs of age are marrled? general statistics on this as Investigation shows It degree of ae- 10 per cent of the women manufacturing industries of ye married RESTRICTIONS. of women has become subject of legal restric- been classed with the latures have folt it In- to regulate the em- 50 far as were concerned. It to Interfere with adults; nevertheless have found their work ertain degree through the work of women and chil- of labor of men were but the hours of labor of were shortened only leglslative enactments. 1 political effect of women in manufactur- is & broad subject, the must be prefaced with actual facts, CARROLL D. o WRIGHT, L S 1Oy AND Leopards 4:30, 9 and 10 p. m. today af Courtland Beach.