Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 15, 1894, Page 13

THE NEW RAILWAY OF CHINA ! WAGES CF CHINESE RAILROAD OPERATIVES o New 1 Chine Can nul “larp” Makes n thie Trip Over t Vieeroy's Car Make ¢ How at N Cost (Copyrighted nter.) TONG SHAN elal Correspondence 1594 b [ rth Cary Bee)—The upleted has \ Manchuria last Kwar rallroad of Imperial W the borders and r trains weie put Tsin and Shan week between T This last Marnchuria Hi boundary between the point Juts dawn into the sen to the great wall by laborers 1s Tk | the city and China at where nese wall n now g of 1 turther toward h, and completed it will be t miles long and frontic conn arn rian rai from Viadi d the trip from and will be made by have been Tien and road, which i vostock to St here to Berlin land, For six y running regularly ecn b and Tsin, A this new opened length, 00 tra distance cly-nine miles strip of to traflie, is There of r rond, which Las now been of n fact, t in ac trains are, in about A her meventeen lay miles tive operation and there are (regular trains) = day runoing upon this raflroad. It 18 the only in China and it is of the gre st interest In that it is the be- ginning of a system of lines which will eventually cover this country as with a net and which may in its changes revolutionize the trade not only of this empire but of the whole world. The Chinese are now inter- osted In the subject of railroads as they have never been before. They Intend to develop their vast resources themselves, and 1 see their works in this direction every- where I go. At Shanghal 1 visited the Kiagnan arsenal, where thousands of th peop! made the finest of modern guns and where 1 saw their su ssful experiments in the making of steel rafls with Chinese iron and Chinese coal. They a now putting up furnaces and rolling mills for the mak- ing of steel, and their workmanship shows that they are as expert in such manufacture as any people in the world. At Hankow, 750 miles in the interior of China, I found seventy-five acres of ground covered with the preparations for steel furnaces and car works, and I wrote a letter on the top of a steel blast furnace 100 fect high and some- thing like fifty feet in diameter. At Tien- Tain, which, you know, is Li Hung Chang’ 1, there are hundreds of acres of shops rious kinds, and here at Tong Shan, in the very heart of the northern part of the great plain, there are thousands of men em- ployed in making cars, in mining coal and in the manufacture of coke. Tong Shan, with Its many smoke stacks, its piles of coal and its modern works, looks in fact more like a suburb of Pittsburg than a city”of North China, and the black faced miners, with their long queues tied tightly about their heads, seem out of place in the pleture. It is the center of the Kaiping coal mines, of which I will write further on, and also the junction at which the Chinese Railway and Mining company and the new Imperial railroad come together. TWO MILLIONS A YEAR. The road from Tien-Tsin to this point was bullt by a private stock company, of which Li Hung Chang is practically the head, as he is of every thing progressive in China The line which has just been opened is in- tended to aid the country In preventing the aggressions of Russia. By it troops and supplies can be carried almost to the Rus slan frontier, going for something like 500 miles through the rich country of Man churia and connecting with most of the big clties of the Mongols with Tien-Tsin. An appropriation of $2,000,000 a year has set aside for the building of this and though 1 am told that this appropri- atlon has been cut down this year on account of the money needed for the fireworks on the empress dowager's birthday, there is no doubt but that the road will be pushed onward and that it will be a great trunk line through the northeastern part of the empire, At the present writing the work of surveying the road and bullding the em- bankments is going on ag a point about fitty miles beyond the great wall, and the road to the wall is as well built as’the great trunk lines of the United States. Hereto- fore all the freight to the north has been carried on camels, and the mule-litter has been the Chinese Pullman car. T traveled over the new line on one of the first trains, and 1 have had the best facili- ties to make a careful examination of it. I am with General John W. Foster, our ex-secretary of state, and Li Hung Chang has put at his disposal his vice-regal car. Our trip to the great wall has been made on a special train, and we are entertained here by the Chinese directors and by the foreign officials who have” superintended the building of the road. Such an excursion has never been possible in China before. When General Grant visited Li Hung Chang there was not a line of track in operation and there were no signs of any for the future. When Secretary Seward traveled through the empire the country was even more backward, and the reception which has been given Mr. Foster has included many things which were impossible to China's famous guests of the past. His trip to Peking, for instance, was made in the vice- roy's steam launch. He reviewed the troops of Li Hung Chang’s military school at Tien- Tsin, and saw them go through the modren maneuvers of a sham battle, and his visit has been enlivened with serenades of our American national airs by Chinese brass bands. The viceroy's private car has here- tofore been reserved exclusively for his own use, and the officials in charge are directed o allow no mandarin or other person to take it. All sorts of excuses have been made o keep it out of the hands of the Chinese officials, and one of the English officers of the works said to me today: “You can’t imagine what a series of disasters has hap- pened to this car. I venture it has had ita axles broken 500 times and its machinery has been out of order a thousand times." ROAD EQUIPMENT, came over the road belonging to the Chinese Railway and Mining company. This has been in operation for six years, and it s, I understand, paylng good divi- dends. Its capital stock has been watered again and again, and there are undoubtedly many Chineso squeezes connected with it. Novertheless it pays a dividend to its stock- holders, and though there was much corrup- tion in its building, it is said the road has been oconstructed as cheaply as any railroad in Americ The statement was made to me that the lawyers' fees In America were more than the stealings of the Chinese dircctors and that the difference in the prices of labor mako it possible to bulld roads here cheaper than in any other country of the world. Today it is found that they can make cars and engines ta Tong Shan more cheaply than they can bo imported from Europe, and Mr. Churchward, the man in charge of the loco- otive works, told me that If America would take off her tariff he could make engines and cars here and export them to the United States and make a fair profit, notwithstand- fng the heavy freight charges. All of the cars on this Chineso road are built here They are lighter than our cars and are more after the nglish pattern, They are made with higher wheels than ours, the diameter being forty-two and one-half inches, while the American rallroad wheel is, I believe, only thirty-three inches. These Chinese wheels cost more, but the English engineers think they are cheaper in tho end, as they will last five times as long as our wheels without being returned. It is wonderful that they cuii make the cars so cheaply, as nearly all of the materlals have to bo imported The outside wood of all of the passenger oouches Is of Slamese teak, the freight cars are sheathed with zine, and the iron ralls and the iron used in the making of the ma chinery of the road come from Europe. Even Ale tios have to be Lmported, but with all railrond We first this road has been solidly of ar standard gau; 1t-fs bal 1a v e and th 4 move over it a Iy an t Pent nia roud betw The | the ingt iy 1 ned will ar rall. will and probably works road many be adopt es 1 and r making orobably be pted. This ( railroad Is many re ts from an There ure two classes of cars second nd-class fares bring in the m t mpany y for- I A few the big Chinese officials travel first-class, and a mandarin and his retinue of from ten to fifty servants usually ) passes The fares are, I believe, the t in the world. The first-class pas- tarift is less than 2 cents a mile r, and the second class less than.1 @ mile dr less than half a cent a mile onr currency. For a distance of th he fare was twenty-seven silver ut fourteen American cents 1 are f the same size ordinary local tickets larg smallest calling card, They ar ard, the color being r and all connected with him are printed in both Chinese and There are no mail cars, and If had their way t would run nd passenger ca train is an open car back of the which all sorts of baggage and carried s Is made In the pen, with walls about its nts are c le, our train_there teys in this car their bridles to the which ran around fts top and were sur- rounded by bags and boxes and bales of all sorts of goods. 'The trains, all told, con sisted of about a dozen ca Back of this half-cattle, half-baggage car was one con- s and freight; behind these umber of second. { coaches, the car of the viceroy being attached to the end of t regular train. These second-class cars were well filled. They were of half-English half-American pattern, each coach being as long as one of our passenger coaches, but the seats running in the same way on the two les of the car with an sle between them. ach car was divided by partitions running across it into three sections, and in some of the ¢ one section was devoted to Chi- nese ladies, who sat with the toes of their club feet resting on the floor in the, solitary grandeur of thelr paint, powder and gorgeous silk clothes. In the men's compartment ev at was occupied, and each passenger had his bed and baggage piled up about him. The seats were plain wooden benches with straight backs, and were very uncomfortable. Many of the passengers had their shoes off, and thelr gavdy pantaloons of wadded silk were tied about the ankles above their socks of white wadded cotton. Some were smoking long stemmed pipes, with bowls no bigger than a thimble, and others slept and snored. There was only one first-class compartment. In this the seats were well cushioned, and it was as comfortable as any American passen- ger coach, The occupants were a h: zen foreigners going to Taku at the mouth of tho Peiho river to take the boat for Shang- hai, and a couple of richly dressed Chinese merchants, KEEP OFF THE TRACK! The stations all along the line are well built. They are of one-story, painted white, and their platforms are of stone, which run almost parallel with the bed of the cars, and below which the tracks are sunken They are comfortably furnished in Chines style, with different rooms for the different classes of passengers, and the people of every class gather about the stations in the small towns-of China just as they do in an American village. There are soldiers in their red and blue cotton uniforms every- where, There are swell mandarins, with servants bearing their official caps, with the feathers of rank sticking out at their backs. There are coolies carrying great loads on their shoulders, and half-naked men and altogether naked children, who stand and look at us, the forcign devils, in open-mouthed wonder. Now and then they crowd us too closely, when the guard makes assaults upon them with his red club, swing- ing it about as though it were a scythe, or pounding them lustily over the heads with it, and starting the hundreds into a scream- ing run to the rear. A bell rings at every station before the car starts, and the switches and signals are carefully managed. No Chinaman is allowed to touch a switch without he is connected with the road, and vesterday when the engineer saw a coolie with his hands on the point of one, he stopped the train, jumped down and caught him. He was dragged by his queue to our car, and will come before the magistrate to- morrow. When I saw him he was ghastly pale and trembling all over. He was prob- ably a farmer who had seen a railroad for the first time and had no thought of injury to the track. Still, the sentiment against railroads among the people is so great that the greatest caution is preserved, and the least offense is punished with a good flogging across the bare thighs with a club of bamboo. When the first railroad in China was built the company had to move very slowly in order to overcome the opposition of the people. It is hard to understand the rea) power of the masses of this country. The government seems to be autocratic, but there is no place where the voice of the people has more weight, and China is to a large ex- tent democratic. The country is divided up into classes, and the power of organization is well understood. Every trade, from the beg- gar to the banker, has its union, and when the line was first planned the carters’ guild made a great outcry against it. This kept it back for some time, and the mining com- pany dug a canal at a cost of $500,000 along the line of the railroad, and for some years hauled their coal to the sea in barges by means of steam tugs. They next built a road for cars to be hauled by mules, making it strong enough for heavy engines, and graually put on the cars and locomotives. The first locomotive used was one made at the works here and called “the Rocket of China.” It was patched up out of old pieces of iron and machinery gathered from diffe ent parts of the country. The boiler was that of a stationary engine which had been imported years before from England. The wheels were American, and other parts of it were stray pieces from different parts of Burope. I saw this engine in the shops here yosterday. yesterday. Tt is kept as a curiosity, but it has carried frelght cars for more than 100, 000 miles, and did the work of the line for one year. When the road was first built no freight was carried, except the coal belong- ing to the company, in order to keep the carters in & good humor, but now all classes of goods are taken, and the freight rates between Tien-Tsin and Tong Shan, a dis- tance of nearly 100 miles, are eight and one-halt cents a picul of 133 pounds for first-class freight, and half that for second- class freight. POWER OF THE PEOPLE. Another fnstance of the power of the people in China was seen when the road was extended from the seacoast at Tong Ku, where it first stopped, to Tien-Tsin, It came up on the opposite side of the river, and Li Hung Chung naturally wanted it to go right into the city of Tien-1 n. A bridge was begun, and @ vast amount of money was spent In the sinking of the foundations and in importing the iron work. When the structure was almost completed the boat- men who carry on a trafic up and down the Peiho organized a movement against it, and their volce was so strong that Li Hung Chang directed that the work be stopped and the station be placed on the other side of the river, and there it remains today, a monument of the power of the masses in China. You can almost throw a stone across the river at this point, and it you will imagine a city the size of Philadelphia with a trade amounting to pernaps $100,000,000 a year, connected by the sea coast with only one rallroad and bordered on one side by a river not as wide as the Schuylkill, sepa- rated from Its railroad by the strike of a lot of American cab drivers, you will get the situation of Tien-Tsin with regard to its rallroad station. The viceroy has to travel three miles from his officlal palace to the depot, and when I took the train yes! day I was hauled in a Jinriksha to the ferry, and after crossing the river my bag gage had to be carried by coolies several blocks before the station®was reached. In the building of the new rallroad, how- ov there has been much less trouble. The Obinese respect the edicts of the emperor and this is an imperial road. It the govern ment at Peking should decide to bulld the sther and of M" of the far Ameri different in an line the first and cach of on yel our in one ine in ight are Jape a high nd pony baggage were @ They rail built. 1t s | and of | tour feot | | THE OMAHA Monday. and had cost All day store was Continuation of the g mark sale. Wo determined that if would move HALF COST would last Friday osed marking down prices. down not our our urday our store was ded ull day, the public reaping the bonefit of ou Fridays' labor. Monday W are prepared for a biggor crowd, Buy Now. Monday. Dress Goods. Our advice to all in of a nice dress for Summer, Fall or Winter is to take advantage of the prices we ve marked them for Mon- day. The aro_for regardless of cost. We will sell a lot of col- ored dress goods of all makes that have heen sell- ing for $1.00; you get your pick of them for .... ., 370 ———————————————— MORSE DRY GOODS €0, need goods sale, Monday, ¢ closed all day last Fri- day marking down pricesand bring- ing forward duplicate stock. As a vesult our store was packed all day and late into the night Saturday by eager bargain hunters aud they all got the game. If you wore not here ask your neighbor about it. UUY NOW. [ MORSE DRY Go0DS €0, ] DRY GOODS CO Monday. Domestics, Calicos, Sheetings. At lde per yard Sheetings. At 8e Lonsdale Cambric. At 49¢ Comforts. At 69¢ Comforts At $2.19 all wool Blankets. At $3.25 At $9.00 all wool Blankets. all wool Blankets. 1t cost will not do 1t perhaps half ccst will, e ) MORSE DRY f'lUI) ((\ Monday. Retiring from Business Sale. & — Last Friday our s all day. We werce busy markin down prices and bringing stock for- ward., Saturday all Om South Omaha and Council Bluffs must have was of been with us, If you were not, ask your hout it Monday. neighbor 4 and come Half Cost will do it, —————————————————1 . JORSE DRY (90D3 (0 '\Ioml ay. Four 4”\i\i|l|]~ in our TAPE 1st division 2nd divison Jrd division ith division, For the Ladies. ..87.50 $10.00 218,00 ones, Now $10,00 Two Prices on Suits. .00 ones, Now $15.00 Buy for early fall. It will pay you. e s mmletmn . A\loml‘\y Toilet Articles. Root Be Perfumery v, 5 gallons for.. Tetlow's Powder. Almond Meal...... Benzine S0ap.«c... vevvess 153 134N G000 COUU000M0 Swans Down......... If cost will not do it, Pert i hnlf eost will. MORSE DRY (Hh)b C() Iundfiy 'The made last Px'uluy to close out our extras e e dinary prepavations business with a r\hh brought the public to our store in crowds on Saturday. The same offerings will continue Monday and until eve: dollar is sold. Small and odd lots will be put on sale at a more song of a price. e el \IlHN DRY Hi()[)\ (() Monday. Dry Goods+ Carpet Drapery, Chinaware, P Tinware, Mattings, Rug We don't want to close our stocks atsome BUY NOW profit but anxious price. MORSE DRY GOODS C0. Monday. Notions. Hooks and Casing..... J Velveteen Facing Puritan Pins and ’ Hat Pins.. win Dross Stay Binding Ribbon Hair Pins Alcohol Stov veneh Darning € Rubber Laces, 2 for Coat’s Thre If cost will not do it, Perh calf cost will, tton. . DRY G 001)\ UD Mnml 0k Gowns made of rollent muslin, elaborately trim- med ..... 5 Corset Covers in cambric hv.\ullfi»ll\ and Drav and muslin, trimmed. Aprons, in fine lawn and embroidery trimmed. ... Children’s Bonnets, in silk or mull. 25¢ ar’s supply now. Buy a y \l!ll\ Muslin Underwear MORSE DRY G)0DS €0, \Ion(hy T 5 AT ot o 1 haps haif cost will. per- Underwear. At 8c, Ladies’ At |7, Ladies' Fancy Neck V At 239_ Vests. Shaped Vests. Vests, Thread Ladies' Lisle At 40c¢, Ladies' Lisle Thread Vest—the very best. At 48c, ludies All Silk Vests. Retiring from Businzss. ust Close Out. roads all over China there would be no trouble in their construction, and the wages and labor are such that they could be laid and equipped more cheaply here than in any other part of the world. Ordinary coolie labor costs about eight American cents a day, and the farm wages in this part of China are about four of our cents for ten hours work. The brakemen on the trains get six silver dollars or not much more than three American dollars a month as wages, firemen receive from $5 to $10 in silver, and engineers get from eight to thirty American dollars per month. The best engineers and the best workmen come from the south of China, and these receive the highest wages. The Cantonese engineers start in at thirty silver dollars, and they can rise in nine years, if they are good workmen as high as $60 a month, but they cannot make more than this. Northern men begin at $15, and can rise to $35 a month. These wages are for sixty hours a weck, any- thing over that being pald for at the rate of 15 cents an hour. Conluctors receive less than the engineers, and certain classes of workmen get two Sundays off in each month as holidays. In ordinary labor there are no nolidays in China, and the contractor ex pects his hands to work Sunday and every day, except a week or so at the Chinese new year. In the works here there are a large number of blacksmiths, carpenters and miners employed. The northern car- penter gets from five to elght silver dol- lars a month, and Canton carpenters re- ceive from $20 to $30 a month. Black- smiths get all the way from $5 to $10 a month, and the wages of miners are 18 cents a day. At such wages skilled men can be gotten by the thousands in any part of China, and the building of railroads is merely a matter of decision on the part of the government that they shall be built, and of the little time and comparatively little money required to make them. In my next letter I shall show something of what the Chinese have done in the building of the reat wall and how, with the rudest of machinery, they can accomplish the greatest of undertakings. Kl 4y Caduatss Which Itself. LOVEVILLE, St. Mary’s Co., Md., June 15, 1894.—I have handled Chamberlain’s Colic, Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy for the past year. It glves the best of satis- faction to my customers. 1 received an order last week for four bottles of the remedy from a man residing sixteen miles from my place. Today I received a letter from him, stating that it has saved the lives of two mem- bers of his family. An old gentleman here, who has suffered two years with diarrhoea, was permanently cured by this remedy. He can now do as much work as any man of his age. I could mention other remarkable ures, buj_the Remedy will show for itstelf it tried. B. Love. 25 and 60-cent bottles for sale by druggists, An Interesting Speaks for A Mosquito Catehing Plant At a recent meeting of the Farmers' club at the American Iustitute, New York, a specimen of a Japanese mosquito catching plant was among the exhibits. The sci- entific name of this oddity is vincetoxicum accuminatum. It bears a small white flower. The specimen was in full bloom, and every blossom imprisoned a mosquite few of which were alive a blossom, whicn 15 cleft w the middle, se- cretes a viscid juice, which Is attractive to mosquitos and lures them to their doom, for when once the proboscis Is inserted in' the heart of a flower the inscct Is held fast, e - Imperlal. World's Falr excellent champagne; good agreeable boquet, delicious flavor - Bill Rourke against Hard Gall B afternoon. Who will win? Pa, Cook's award, cence, *highest efferves- right this of course DeWitt's Witch Hazel salve cures plies. PAY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS Judge Baldwin, Jurist and Lewwriter, fays It is Inadequate, PENSIONS IN THE CIVIL SERVICE co System Leads to Corruption and Must Be Condemncd — Salaries of ‘oreign Ministers—American Officiats Paid Less than Foreigner« (Copyrighted.) The rewards of public service in the United States are in some respects less, in others more, than in other countries. They are less, it measured by pay or social distinction; more if estimated by the oppor- tunities given for usefulness to the com- munity, The founders of American institutions generally fixed the compensation of public officers at no more than would cover their personal expenses while engaged in the per- formance of their official duties, Ordinarily but a small part of their time was thus occupied, and the pay was, therefore, corre- spondingly small. The first Governor Win- throp received but £150 from the colony of Massachusetts Bay for his salary, at a time when colonial governors carried the main part of the burden of administration and exercised judicial as well as executive powers. The pay of members of congress was long put on the basis of a daily allowance suf- ficient for their support, while congress was In session, with mileage to meet their traveling expenses to and from the capitol. Six dollars a day was made the rate of com- pensation for many years, and then eight. The salaries allowed by the continental congress and under the articles of confedera- tion, which formed the first constitution of the United States, were settled more liberal scale, partly from the of English traditions and partly from the un- :ertainty as to how, ,or .when, or in what zurrency they would he paid. Washington, Tdeed, when commandersin-chief, refused to accept compensation for anything beyond his official expenses, but Wasnington was one of the few rich men in America and could afford to be generous. When he became president under the, present constitution, the dignity of the office was thought to de- mand a handsome salary for its support, this was fixed at $25,000, and so rem, until the administration of President Grant Several of onr presidents have managed to save something from their pay, but it has been possible—in view of the duties of hos- pitality incident to the position—only by the ald of a gradually increasing number of customary ftems in appropriation bills, or furniture, hot houses, conservatories, music, and attendance at the executive mansion The: extra allowance indeed, for various matters of necessary expense have become so liberal at Washington that there are many things, ranging from penknives to port folios, that a senator or representative may supply himself with for a life time during a term In congre It Is not long since that a western congressman declared that he bad been able to save his entire salary by selling his stationery supplies to pay part of his board bill and meeting the rest from the difference between his mileage and his actual traveling expenses THE FEE SYSTEM CONDEMNED. The polley of the government, during most of its history , has been to make the prl on a influence pal compensation of its minor officials de- pendent upon the amount of work they might be called upon to do, and to charge it, as far as possible, on those from whose default, or for whose benefit, the services were re- quired. This has been the justification of the fee system, at our consulates, custom houses and court offices. It serves, no | doubt, to stimulate activity on the part of officials, but it is often activity of a very unhealthy Kind. If, for instance, the issue of every warrant brings a certain sum to the authority that procures it, or signs, or serves it, proceedings will often be set on foot to seeure the fees, without much regard to their probablo success. By such means the judi- cial expenses .of the United States are steadily and needlessly increasing. Presi- dent Cleveland called the attention of con- gre to this evil, in his first message, in and again in_ his last, in 1893, pointing out the fact that between these dates these cxpenses, exclusive of the judges' salarie bad grown from less than three millions s year to over four millions and a half. The ame system once made the office of collec tor of customs of the port of New York worth over $100,000 a year. In our states the fee system is largely maintained for the lesser offices attached to courts of justice. In many of them, the clerk will receive considerably more than the judge and in some, such oflicials have col lected fees enough to bring their compensa tion up to $40,000 a year, while no salary ex- ceeding $15,000 is pald to any judge. Of late vears the pollcy both of the state and the federal governments has tend toward restricting the maximum compensa tion of every official to a certain requiring him to account to the for any collections or fees In excess of PENSIONS IN THE CIVIL SERVICE, Pensions for tho e who retire from offic on account of age or Infirmity, while always fully recognized in the military and naval service, we have given to judges only, among civil officers. The federal judge who has served ten years, and reached the age af 70 can resign, and still retain his salary for the rest of his life, Some of our :tates have adopted a similar policy, except that the salaries of thoso on the retired list are less than those previously received, and one is accustomed to make the judges of its h'ghe-t court, whose years exclude them, under the constitution, from longer scting as such official referees for life, on half-pay, th function being to hear, without charge, any cases which may be referred to them by the courts, and report their conclusions of fuct sub equent judiclal action. The absence of any prov'sion of this char acter for who have held executive or legislative offices, doubtless deters some from accepting them, and tempts ma to us them for unworthy purposes of per onal gal The last years of Jefferson's lifo were mad miserable by the inadequacy of his incom to meet the hospitalit'es which he deemed neumbent upon him to extend to tho e whom his long career of public service brought to Monticello. One of the seven senators who saved the natlon from a grave reproach by defeating the conviction of President John son, when impeached for defending what he deemed the constitutional prerogatives of the executive against congress'onal encroach ment, and who lost his re-election by it w a few years ago, supporting himself as a compositor In a printing office. Two of the highest judicial officers of the United States dylng n offic left their milies in such straitoned cireumstances that it was thought necessary to procure a further provision for them by public subscriptions. SALARIES OF FOREIGN MIN The salaries of most of our foreign courts are notorlously enable them to live In the manner of thelr associates in the diplomatic corps, and more than one of them, with little or no private to draw upon, has been brought, in to make his Income adequate to his xpenditures lend his name to doubtful financial enterprises, seeking a forelgn mar- ket for American securities. An evil scarcely less 18 the drift of the times toward selecting those NISTERS ministers at inadequate to to rich men only for tho principal foreign mis sions; a tendency which their elevation to el i0h 2 e, i (1o 18c Ladies' Silk Hose, black 750 aud opera shades. ... Every article away down. Bicye fast Boys' iron ¢l 1 hose fast 1 Ladies Hose ek Ladies’ ored sout Hos marked e o e . S MORSE DRY GOODS (G, Monday. Wash Goods Finest Suotc [Finest Double Faced Chambrays.. . 4c Tuckings in plain and faney at one- third their actual value. Scersucker Gi ee, regalar Faney bordered black BUY NOW. AT A2 cEld At 49c 8D A\ alflieis A.t 70 Stevens' Crash. Napkins, pure large Bath Half cost will move them. Linens ~70 - inch Bleached At dBCEDmLy JORSE DRY GO0DS (0. 3 ’(H\\'I‘ DRY GOODS (0 Monday, 11 cost will not do it halt cost will perhinns Carvets on oue seliing fast Al goods In ¢ cry departinen netal aline, Musling, ote., wlso ‘l R0 cost will o Vo 1, perhaps halt cost wiil, NMORSE DRY GOODS €0, Monday Dress Silks stock of silks in the about what the raw picee of silk and stock has been nsidered. You The larg West poin silk cost X velvet in this marked cost not ¢ can buy silks now. You will buy silks now-—even if you cannot use them until next year. On our counters a lot of Dress Silk, sold up to $1.25, all for the one In ice 590 On a table at Silk 4 ment, a lot of Nov Silks, sold up to $2 00, Chinaware The same exeitin tes continuo for Monday. The largest and finest stock of China and Giass ware sell- iug.n sacrifiec ; ado \\h.(n Cups and Biusti with Handler e SIC d beau- Ornaments of i 98¢ All Japancse goods of all deserip- ure il 11 deser tion at exactly half price. BUY NOW. Mexican One lot of lax tiful Bisque i 50 goods MORSE I)R\' G00Ds C0. Monday. Men’s Furnishings. We hiave the best bargaina ever It will pay you to buy your winter under- given in this department. wear aud hosiery now. You can save vertainly 50 per cont. Retiring from Business. Cost Sacrificed. Boys’ Clothm At half the nriginu] cost. We have all boy into four divisions: o -§2,00 L 1-83 00 l,fl\l[l—$4 oo W -§5.00 divided our suits rank e of the creas Nor is this mitigated istence of a leisured c means, fortified by a tlements or entails, of without any fin- fail to strengthen. with us by the ex- with inherited siem of family set- Men of such a class in other countries are in a measure trained by their surroundings for public life. They beiong to a caste from which the principal officers of the state are generally selected, and find in such employments a pleasant moment of occupying hours which would otherwise be vacant and tedious. Official station to them is also often a passport to great houses which they could not otherwise enter, and may serve to raise a man of talent and ambition to a higher pesition in rank and title. The convention tion of the United embassies, that framed the constitu- ates, in the first draft of that instrument, unanimously adopted a proposition of Charles Pinckney of South Carolina that the president shculd have the “title of “‘His Excellenc, During the last days of the convention, however, this provision was struck out by the committe on style, which was appointed to put the constitution in its final shape, and the al- teration scems to have been unnoticed. In the first congress the subject was revived, both with rd to the president and to the vice president, but it was concluded to leave things as they were. Senator Gray son of Virginia contributed not a little to the result by sarcastically urging that the vice president should be styled “‘His Super- fluous Excellency.” QUESTIONS OF A certain etiquette has come to be recog- »d at Washington by which precedence is at_soclal and public entertain- ments, and the order of making formal “calls” by one official personage upon an- other is regulated, A social code of this nature is, of course, of some importance to the wives of public functionaries, but its observance is rather a burden than a re- ward to the men themselyes, Outside of the national capital, the pos- session of an office is seldom regarded as, in itself, a title to soclal consideration. If it is held by a man of education and cultivation, whose social position in the community Is otherwise good, it simply strengthens or ad- vances that position. He will stand higher in the circle of his acquaintances than he did before, but he will not necessarily be in vited into any other cir American rewards for ive not to be found In large emoluments, or social distinctions. They are something bet- ter. They are something which the condi tions of our political existence enable us to offer, and which are to bé had almost no- where else The only spot civilized and enl up new political SOCIAL PREFERMENT. niz determined public service then on the globe in which a tened people are building institutions to suit them selves Is In the United States of America Australia comes near it, but Australia is subject to the British Empire, and to a Par. liament in which she has no representation Japan comes near it, but Japan is still sub- ject to a sovereign who has, in theory and form, at least, most of the powers of a Ro- man cmperor A GRAND EXPERIMENT, Every American grand experiment citizen 15 engaged in a that for which Washing ton declared it was his main purpose in ac cepting the presidency to secure a fair trial to determine “with what of liberty man can be trusted for his own good.” The authoritative leaders of this work are our public officers. Much of the best of it, no doubt, is done by private Individuals, in' the press, on the platform, before legislative committees, but such men are laboring for others to reap. Nor, at most, can they dc more than propose the form of laws and in stitutions. It is for those who administer them to turn form into substance or into shadow. The law of a country Is not what Is written, but what is enforced. The insti tutions of a country are not such as they were planned to be, but such as they have grown to be. The architect who planned the cathedral of Cologne, though he might die before the foundations were fully laid, conld count on the completion of the great structure in some distant age, in exact ac- cordance with his original design, for he dealt with the immutable principies of an ideal science. But in government no principles are immutable—none, at least, which men have thus far put in form. Gothi¢ architecture can be stated in stone, but po- litical science must be stated in the changing speech of men, and political institutions shaped by their ever moving national char- acteristics, The best reward of public seryice is its opportunity to advance the public In- terest. SIMEON E. BALDWIN. New Haven, Conn. el Oregon Kidney Tea cures nervous head- aclies. Trial size, 25 cents. All drugglst PRATITLE OF THE The superintendent at the Beth-Eden Sun- day school, in a temperance talk, had in- troduced to the children an elephant whose tusks were made of wine bottles and whose limbs were of cigars, on which was seated a man with a deck of cards, from which J- lustration he intended to draw a moral lesson. ““Now, children, tusks made.” “Ot wine bottles,” raid Archie. *Of what are the limbs - “Of cigars,” cried another. “Now, children,” referring on the back of the elephant, man_in his hand?" “ive spot of diamonds,” cried Johnny, who evidently knew all about it. YOUNGSTERS., tell me of what are the to the man “what has the Johnnie—Mamma, wasn't it- George Wash- ington that couldn’t tell a lie? Mother—Yes, my child. Johnnie—What else did he do? Mother—He fought against the French and Indians, he was a great engineer, he led the American armles in the revolution, he con- quered the British, he became president of the United States, he did more for the free- dom of the world than any man who ever lived, and he was first In war, first in pe and first in the hearts of his countrymen, Johnnie (after a long broath)—Gosh, mamma, ain’t It funny that he could do all those hard things, and couldn’t do such an little thing as telling a lie? Little f-year-old M is of parentage, says the New Somehow she has gotten It into her wee head that it is a disgraoe to be a Nor- weglan, and will never suffer herself to be called such without making an indignant candinavian York Herald, was made happy a short time ago by advent of a little baby brother. One shortly after this occurrence, her r was very much astonished to hear r end her usual evening prayer with this ather startling request: “Please, God, don't make little brother a Norweglan. At another time she asked very earnestly of the writer: “Do you s'pose God made Nor- wegians?'"" Little Mabel (one of a family ntly went to visit an aunt, where she evidently had a very good time. The morn- Ing after her return she was unusually silent at breakfast, and noticing her preoccupation her mother inquired, “Well, Mabel, what you thinking bout?’ To which the little maid replied with a sigh of deep satistaction, Oh, 1 am %0 glad that my children will haye ty of aunties and uncles,” of seven) rec A few days ago when I colic in the bowels, I took a dose of Cham berlain's Colic, Chole id - Diarrh Remedy, and within ten minutes all of my ic pains had disappeared. I am highly pleased with the remedy and take pleasure in recommending it. % rse, Chatham Mass. 26 and 60 cent bottles for sale by drugglsts, G Jid Sam Laroquo has drifted ern league 1o Lewlston, had an attack of from the Southe