Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, July 8, 1894, Page 13

5 { i The Terrible Plague Raging in Canton and Hong Kong. . CANNOT PROVIDE COFFINS FAST ENOUGH A Look at Canton In Plague Time—Seenes of the Epidemle—TIt Kills Both Kats and Men—Lepers Making Money Out of Jt—Funeral € (Copyright, 1504, by Frank G PEKING, June 15.—(Special ence of The Bee)—All China and east are much excited over the terrible plague which has recently broken out in the sonthern provinces of this emplre. It came orfginaily from the interfor, but it has reached Canton and Hong Kong. and the people are dyiug at the rate of hundreds per day. The big steamship lines which safl from China to Europe are now refusing to stop at Hong Kong or % take passengers from South China, and papers of the countries surrounding this part of the world are full of rumors and fears that the plague will be carried to Japan and elsewhere. 8o far the transpacific steamers are makling thelr regular voyages from San and Vancouver to Hong Kong and retur but the greatest care is being taken and every preventive is used to keep this terrible Carpenter.) Correspond- the far epidemic from being carried to America. The dis e is practically an unknown one to the physicians of today, but it Is said to bo the sama as that which devastated Burope during the middle ages and which was s awful In its ravages that it got the titie of ““the black death.” It ran over Europe agaln and again from the sixth to the eighteenth centuries and it is sald to have caused more deaths than any ofthe great epidemics which human flesh has been heir to. It is the pest which Danlel Defoe describes in his story of the great plague of London of 1665 and 1666, and it has done terrible damage in Arabla and Persia within the past genera- tion. It came a few years ago from China to southern Russia, and the czar stationed troops about the infected districts and in this way kept it from the rest of Burope, The plague that ravaged Europe in the four- teenth century came from China and it has been known to have existed for some years past in one of the Chinese provinces above the Burmese frontier. The black death broke out in Canton dur- ing the last week in February and for a time the average of those who died from it was about 200 per day. This average steadily increased unti] in March and April it was 500 per day, and the mortality at the present time fs very large. It Is said that the Pearl river, which flows past the city, and upon which hundreds of thousands of people live, contains many flcating corpses and that the undertakers are unable to make coffins enough to supply the demand. In ordinary times the Chincse spend large sums upon their funerals, and they are more particular as to the styles of their burial caskets than they are as to those of their wedding beds. Coffins cost all the way from a few dollars up to thousands of dollars, and it is not an uncommon thing for a man to buy a cofin and keep it In his house for years, 0 as to have a first class article on hand when he dies. Children often make their parents presents of coffins, and they have their mutual coffin supply association, somewhat like our building and loan association: or like onr mutual life insurance societie: Every member of such an association gets a coffin and burial clothes ‘when he dies, and not having these is con- ldered a greater calamity than death it- self. Today the dead in Canton are carted out and disposed of in all sorts of w the greatest trouble is found in ge of them. Often the pall bearers who are pald to carry the coflins to the grave are stricken with the dread discase on the way, and of the four who start out with the body only cne or two return. THE COFFIN SUPPLY EXHAUSTED. ‘There are not coffins encugh for the grown persons, and the chidren are being buried in baskets or wrapped up in pieces of mat- ting. In some places the babies are not buried at all, and the baby towers are full These baby towers you find all over China They are little buildings with windows high up near the roof. The:e babies are laid on the wind:ws and are pushed inside to de- compose as they will. T saw, near Shang- hal, the bodies of bables thrown out upon the roadside, and such corpses are often left for the dogs to eat. Today many o the dead at Canton have not a burial plot, and many of the coffins are leit on the top of the ground. This, in the cise of :uch an Infectious disease as the black plague, can- not but be of great danger to the rest of the people, and the plague is said to be steadily spreading over the surrounding coun- try. Some of the coffins are hermetically sealed by varnishing them again snd again Wwith a sort of lacquer varnish, and as the wood s often four inches thick, in ordinary times they do not cause much trouble from thelr offensive smell. Now, however, the haste with which the dead are disposed of does not admit of such treatment, and the very air about Canton is laden with the pestilence. The richer Chinese of the city have been doing what they could to re- lieve the distress, and there are a number of charitable assoclations which are alding In the disposal of the dead At cne dis- pensary alone 2000 coffins have been given away, and it is estimated that up to this time 60,000 coffins have been furnished by such as.ociations. « The sanitary board of Hong Kong visited the plague-tricken parts of Canton some weeks ago and made a report of the dis- ease and Its symptoms. It comes upon one without warning in the shape cf a fever, which raises the temperaturs of a patient in a short time to 105 degrees and upward. There is no chill and no other premonitory symptoms. The patient has a severe head- ache and he shows signs of stupor. After twelve hours the glands of the neck, the armpit or the groin begin to swell, and they soon become as big as a hen's eER. These swelling: are hard and exceedingly tender, but they do not suppurate. In some cases a vomiting of blood occurs, and within a few hours the man dies. Some few recover after having been attacked, and if they can keep themselves alive for more than six days after their exposure there Is a chance for them. The disease seems to be very infectious, and in those quarters where it s raging it has more than decimated the population. In one small street the sanitary board of Hong Kong found thirty deaths, and in another out of 170 people only forty have survived. At one of the gates of Canton the other day a man took a box and dropped a cash into it every time a coffin was carried ous At 4 o'clock in the afternoon he counted the cash and found he had 170 in the box EVEN RATS DIE OF IT. The disaise is very sudden in its attacks, and the only safety from it seems to be to get out of its range. For wecks the peo- ple have been flying from Canton, and a letter which I saw the other day states that every house seems to have its dead. A few days ago a thief entered a house in which the whole family had died from the plague, expecting to have an easy haul. He was stricken while in the act of robping the dead, and a day or two later his hody, with the booty upon it, was found lying in ‘the house. A curious thing about the plague is that it effects some kinds of ani- mals as well as men, and in Canton it at- tacked the rats of the city fir: Dead rats were found In the drains of the in- fected quarters, and the rats ran from such places ahmost as fast as the human specles. In every house where dead rats were found it wi #seen that the people had taken the black plague, and the sign of a dead rat will now caute a family to fly. - The Hong Kong doctors at first said that the disease was not of & parasitic nature a that it could not be ecarried to any great distance; but this is thought by many 10 be & mistake, and it is now said that its rms can be transported in clothing and other ways, and the Japan Mail is ad- vising the most rigld sanitary precautions against all of the Hong Kong steamers. In one editorial It asserts that even a shotgun quarantine would be justifiable against it, and when it is remembered that every ten days & big steamship from Hong Kong lands at San Francisco and Vancouver it would seem advisable that the greatest care be taken to keep It out of Awerica. It is THE OMAHA DAILY B « SUNDAY, thought here that the disease cannot get & firm hold of any quarter which has good sanitary arrangements, and o far, 1 believe, ouly Asfatics have beon afficted with it It has attacked Hong Kong, and on the 15th of May thirty-four desths were then re- ported. The Japanese papers had reports that there were one or two deaths in differ- ent parts of Japan, but these reports have since been denfed. The Japanese are much | better prepared to suppress such a plague, | should it break out, than ts China. They | aro the cleaniiest people In the world in re- ard to their persons, and their towns and | houses are models of neatness. China is the flthiest and nastiest country on the | face of the globe, and outside of the treaty ports theve are no means of enforcing sani- tary measures. At different points along the most crowded of the streets you will find cosspools in which the vilest of slops are poursd and left to ferment, even in the liottest of weather. There are drains in some of the cities, but these are flushed only by the rains, amd it i= vuid that one cause of the rapid spread of the plague in Canton was tha prolonged drouth which has afflicted the ciiy this spring. GREAT 18 CANTON. The fact that the plague exists in Canton | makes its danger greater than it would be hal it broken out in_any other city of China. Canton is the New York of the empire. It is the biggest of the Chiiese business cities and it contains something lka 2 w00 of pecple. Its boat popuiation s said to rum- Ler more than 300,000, anl as muny peoplo us you wili find in Washiug-n, Cleveland, Buffalo or Cincinnati are horn, live and Jie upon its waters. Its people are the brightest | il China, and thoy are the best traders and the best workers among th lestial They ages than the Chinese and you find Canton in business all over China them in Hankow. I found them on st streets of Chinkiang and Nan- will con and higher ther cith ny snged King, and here tn Peking they own some of the best property and are engaged in all sorts of undertakings. A great part of our imports come from Canton, and the credit of the big Cantonesc merchants is as good is that of the most solid Americans in the barks of London. It is a city of million- tres and paupers, and it contains the richest a the poorest of the Chinese. When 1 visited it not long ago I was entertained by the Jay Gould of Chiua, a man named How Qua, who is said to be worth his tons of millions, and in riding up to Canton cn the steamer 1 daw a bungry-eved boatman greedily grab at a dead rat which was thrown him from our ship, and which, I doubt not, furnished the plece de resistance for his family dinner. It is from the Can- tonese province that the most of the Chinese in America com?, and its people are noted for their turbulence as well as for their skillful bands and their sharp business brains. I have never seen anywhere such a bee- Live of humanity as the city of Canton, and I can imagine no place better for the dis- semination of a plague than this. The streets are 8o narrow that the big hats that | tha coolies wear almost graze the walls on cither side, and you can stand in the middie some of the best business quarters and touch the walls on both sides by streiching out your hands. The main streets fairly swarm with Chinese men and women, and half of these celestial humaus are loaded. They push and crowd against each other as they werk their sweaty way through the city, and the diseass germs if possessed by one are_easily communicated to many. They pack themselves together in the houses and the population of a small city is crowded into ngle block. The poorest of them have y a few cents a day for the support of their families, and 10 of our cents is a good wize for a day's work. Agricultural la- borers do not receive more than 5 cents a day, and women are paid still less. The average workingman who ean save $5 a year is doing very well, and the question with the majority of the people is one of ex- istence. THEY EAT RATS AND CATS, The *diet of the laboring classes consists of salt fish, vegetables and rice, and if they can add to this meat three or four times a year they deem themselves happy. It is not uncommon te find 100 people living in a little nest of a dozen one-story houses, and rents per family range from $2 a year and upward. Canton fs the only city I have visited where I have found cat and dog res- tanrants, and it is the only city where I have seen driel rats exposed for sale in many quarters. 1 priced some of these rals and was charged 5 cents for the one I bought. It could not have weighed more than eight ounces and I suppose I paid double price for it. At one of the dog restaurants I treated a lot of coolies to a stew of black dog's flosh, and the price for it was 10 cents a plate, I could have gotten a stew of ye low dog for less, but when one gives a treat, even in China, he ought to buy the best. Black dog’s meat is worth twice the price of that of the yellow canine. It is cook ¢l with a tuft of the hair left on the end of the tail to show the color of the dog, and it looks. when in the pot, much like the flesh of a sucking pig. The dog is killed and the hair is taken off as we take the bristles of of a pig. and when stewed it is cut into small pieces. At the same place I saw cat meat cooking, and there were cats in cages awaiting the orders of customers. Cat meat is higher priced than dog or rat meat, and the tabbies are killed only upon order. = The people whom I saw at such restaurants, how- ever, werc those only of the poorer classes, awd there are in Canton as costly restaurants as you will find anywhere in the world. I saw places where you have to pay $5 a plate for your bird’s nest soup, and where tea is served which you can’t get for less than $10 a pound. LEPROSY INCREASING. The black plague, on account of the poor diet of the people and their poverty, will last loneer in Canton than it would in an American city. There are practically no facilities for taking care of the sick, and Chinese medicine is worse than no medi- cine. The missionary hospital will do much. It is one of the best hospitals in the east, and it does a great deal of good. The chief Chinese charitable institutions of China are a blind asylum, from which blind beggars go out day after day over the city; a found- ling asylum, supported out of the salt tax, | and a leper asylum. This last is In a ban- yan grove two miles from the gate of the city. It contains about 500 inmates, and more horrible creatires do not exist on the face of the earth. Many of them have their fingers and toes eaten off by the dis- case. Some have lost their noses and others have skeleton-like bodies, half of the flesh of which has rotted away. Just now these lepers are an important element of the black plague. They blackmail the funeral processions and levy a tribute on the mourn- ers. It they are not paid they raise a hue and cry and threaten to split open the cof- fins and exhume the dead. There is not much danger of their doing this as to the black plague corpses, for to touch one is almost sure death, but the people fear them, all the same, and the leper fees are a legiti- mate part of the Chinese funeral expen: As it is, leprosy seems to be on the inor There are more lepers in Canton than be accommodated in the asylum, and there are leper boats filled with the people, who scull or row thelr boats among the other craft on the river, begging. DARKNESS OF SUPERSTITION. There are no more superstitious people than the Chinese, and such an occasion as | this brings out all of the witches and sooth- Ayers, I hear that the streets of Canton are now filled with pricsts exorcising the deyils of the plague and that the people go Wrough the city in bands beating gongs and drums to drive the demons away. At tho head of one band was a boy who had on a hideous dragon mask, and the dragon boats which are kept for the annual dragon boat festival have been brought out. All sorts of praying goes on before the diffe cut josses and the ancestral tablets, and every one connected with the burial of the dead Is making money. A large class of merchants sell nothing else but silver and gold paper, which is bought by the families ¢ the dead and is burned by them over thelr graves, with the idea that this will supply them with funds for their travels in the next world. Paper and wooden cows and horaes are manufuctured to be | burned in the same way, and the dealers in white goods will be getting rich. White | s the color of mourning in China, and the family when they repair to the cemetery wear clothes of white tied on with coarse rope. ‘They leave food at the graves and generally send an extra sult of paper clothes along to keep the corpse warm when It becomes & ghost. q:ww\\ l\. CA,«{MA: FOR EDUCATIONAL REFORM U. 8. Commissioner of Education fets Forth the Demands of the Hour. WILL TRAINING AND FREE THOUGHT Stress on Ordor and Disclplino—Character More Iffiportant Than Knowledge—~The Valae of Kindergartens—The New Education va. the Old. (Copyrighted 1504.) Careful students of the history of edu- cation have noticed the fact that its re- forms swing from extreme to extreme. At one time it will become the fashion to lay great stress on the training of the will Schools will acordingly become places where children arc submitted to semi-mechanical processes of discipline to the neglect of in- dividual insight and ability to think. Grad ually the pendulum will swing to the cther extreme, and discipline will be neglected for the intellectual self-activity of the pupils. At first view it Is astonishing to see this incompatibility between will training and Intellectual development. Any one would suppose that the better the school as regards obedi- ence to rule, the formation of correct habits and the subordination of se fish inclinations to the good of the insti- tution, the better would be the intellectual progress. “Intellectual development must be based on moral character.”” It does not seem possible that there can be such a mis- take as over-education in the direction of morality and good behavior. And yet, it has always happened that schools managed by pronounced disciplin- arlans become more or less mechanical in their methods of instruction and are prone to encourage verbal memorizing rather than original thought. This, too, is a matter of race. STRESS ON ORDER AND DISCIPLINE —— fining their mechanical methods to discl- pline or will-trainfhg ‘?hd adopting the meth- ods of the new educutfon for instruction or intellectual education., This insight would also cure the besetting evil of the new edu- cation. The discipliiafy side would retain its military exactness without Its harshness, for the pupil would be permitted to under- | stand and appreciate, its motives. On the other hand, in his intellectual work the teacher would constantly press him toward original Investigation,. which is the highost of scholastic methoyls,. This reform of reforms is urgently needod now because of the increasing influ of the method of natural kclence and (he conse- quent tendency to break completely with tradition. Inasmuch as the interest of the pupll is an essential ftem in effective aduca- tion, it is held by some that there shonld be free election of studics even in the primary school. “The pupil should study only what Interests him.” “One study is as gocd as another, provided the pupil pursues it with equal zeal." Here we are on the point of losing sight of the most valuable heritage of the old education, namely, the ideal of a liberal or rounded education which contains within it the means of opening all the five windows of the soul. For mathematies and natural science onen only two of these windows, while literature opens another and_ history still a fourth. The fifth window is opened by such studies as grammatical syntax, logic, psychology and philosophical studies. The course of study adopted is as a whole some- thing psychologically complete. The reform of education that I recommend will discriminate between the Individual and social elements in education and provide amply for the retention of both so as to save the moral education of the old and add to it the individuality and self-activity of the new education. WILLIAM T. Washington, D. C. g ENGLISH IN THE HIGH SCHOOL. OMAHA, July 5.—~To the Editor of The Is it expected that English In the ha High school will be more than a way for the different classes to spend pleasantly a period of every day? Is it possible to make English, as a disciplinary study, yield larg: results? What Is the position of English to be, when compared with that of Greek or Latin, or even with the modern languages? (And let it be understood, once for all, that no construction derogatory to the classi- cal course is to be placed on these lines, It HARRIS, The Anglo-Saxon everywhere permits greater freedom in action to the individual citizen than is found compatible with pub- lic safety among the nations of other race descent.” Perhaps this is the reason why the elementary schocls in English speaking countries lay o much stress on order and discipline. There must be regularity, punc- tuality and silence—prompt and willing cbedience to command. This is carried to such an extent that the pupil is constrained to sit in a certain position, to rise and pass in military order to his recitation. Even hi: physical exercises are conducted like military drill, In concert, with careful at- tention to words of command. The Avglo-Saxon prepares in school for a life of self-government by habituating him- self to conform to strict rules of school eti- quette. He is safe if left without police restraint when he grows up. His second nature is to combine with his fellow men and keep step with the rest. If he finds himselt shipwrecked on a desert island with a few companions, or goes to a borderland to dig gold, he proceeds at once to organize a civil community. Where three or more are gathered together a local self-govern- ment is formed in their midst. Local self-government seems to rest on mutual toleration of differences. ~ And yet the typical school of the Anglo-Saxon is strict even to the verge of tyranny. Is it necessary that he youth destined for a self- governing community shall prepare for it by forming habits of strict obedience to authority ? A CHRONIC FAILING. Whatever answer we give to this ques- tion we cannot escape the admission that the Anglo-Saxon school is possessed of a chronic failng. It always needs reform in its methods of instruction. For If the teacher is bending his exertion to secure this mechanical conformity to prescribed rules of conduct he Is more than likely to repress the tendency of the pupil to indi- vidual freedom of thinking. And think- ing cannot grow except in freedom. The teacher will frown upon pert and capri- cions expre:sions of opinion that vary from the text book. Differences of opinion from himselt will be treated as rebellion against the constituted authority. Those puplls who rcproduce with little variations the statements of the text book—those pupils who parrot ltke reproduce the expressed ideas of their teacher, will be awarded the highest “‘marks The same training that suffices for the will when adopted as method of discipline pro- duces second rate fntellects when adopted as tha method of instruction. It forms a habit of intellect that seeks and finds au- thority and rests contented. The nature of the intellect, however, is to question au- thority, and go behind it to find more ulti- mate grounds. It questions facts and dead results and goes beyond them for causes. It is the nature of intellect to ascend from things to their causes and tq rest only when it reaches an adequate self-cause. SCIENTIFIC METHODS DESIRED. This is an age of science and of the con- quest of nature for the service of man. Sci- entific method is rapidly coming into repute. It is hostile to the method of authority. It follows that the reaction against old meth- ods of instruction in the school is more pro- nounced than ever before. It takes the form of opposition to the use of text books; it prefers the oral method; it demands a substitution of natural science for language studies; it uses the development method in place of memorizing the dead results of human learning; talks much about studying things rather than words. It pushes for- ward the kindergarten and commends the method of Froebel, which relies wholly on the self-activity of the child. In the inter- est of childish needs and wants it recom- mends plays and games and occupations at building or construction. It adopts as its motto the adage of Comenius: ‘“Learn te do by doing. It goes so far as to decry the mechanical methods of school discipline in the interest of arousing the intellect to original efforts. It sacrifices everything to make class exercises interesting to the pupil and the school a place of delightful self- activity and entertainment. The intellect grows by mastering for it- self the thoughts of others and by investi- gating causes and principles. But the will grows through self-sacrifice for the sake of wider and wider interests. It is possible, therefore, to have two lines of educational reform antagonistic, each to the other, THE NEW AGAINST THE OLD. The protest of the new education against | the old education strengthens its cause by an appeal to the importance of comprehen- sion and insight over mere verbal memory and parrot rcpetition. But it gets so far in some of its applications that it develops weak traits of its own. It leaves the chil- dren so much to their caprice that they fai) to develop what is called character or moral tone. They are self-indulgent and have to be amused or else do not choose to give their attention. They are great at play but good for nothing at real work. They do not respect the organization of the school in which they are enrolled and they will not respect the social whole in which they grow up. They will pass through life stumbling over themselves—not able to discriminate their idiosyncrasies from their rational aims and purposes or from their moral duties. | In the end even their mastery of scientifie method will not avail to save them from be- coming sour and misanthropic. For they will not be able to combine with their fellowmen —they will have no directive power. THE REFORMS NEED! I do not know of any educational reform $0 much needed as a theory and practice of education which unites and adjusts these two tendencies—that of the old education toward will-training, and that of the new education toward intellectual insight and power of in- dependent thought. CHARACTER MORE IMPORTANT THAN KNOWLEDGE. is the unconsclous convietion the advocates of the old education character i3 more important than knowl- edge. This conviction siesls them against the adoption of the good that the new edu- cation offers. They see something amiss in | the theory of the new education. But they do not realize how fully they could unite what is good in both systems by rigidly con- For it ot that | running at the fence with great force. 1s not less Greek and Latin, but more Eng- lish!) Need we hope for a generous enthusi- asm regarding English? Is it out of the question to fire the minds of these youths and m: with an ambition to be able to write good English, and to read under- standingly and appreciatively the best thought expounded in our language? Is it desirable to have the sentiment go abroad that Eng- lish {s of importance, that to know the thought in our own language is worth while? Whother we answer these questions affirma- tively or negatively will depend, first, upon the ideals which the Omaha High sch has set for itself to realize; and, second upon the demands, or at least the co-opera- tion of the patrons of the school. Is the school alive to the importance of stimulating mental activity regarding thought—subjects which our literature presents and defends? And does this community, whose intellectual center and impetus, the High school is, urge, with sufficient eagerness that the school shall put forth its best'effort to stimulate thought? The mere fact that a community organizes and supoprts, at an enormous expense, a school like the High school ought to guaran- tee that the character of the education given to the youth be genuine. Nothing bnt thor- ough, appreciative, ambitjous work will yteld results in proportion to so great a yearly in- vestment. So, also, the mere fact that the schiool board employes:a number of teachers of English ought to guarantee enimently sat- isfactory results. But the school money cx- pended on- the one hand, and the teachers employed on the other, do not necessarily mean English well taught. The patron of the kchool must recognize the necessity of his child’s getting in touch with thought and of his understanding the best products of tle Hterary mind. The teacher must be ableto show the pupil that his intellectual life will largely depend upon his intimate and appreciative understanding of his own language, for it so happens that the best thouglit of the race is to be found in our practical Enelish language; the deep- est, purest thought that has yet been evolved 1s found here. The study of English means no superficial pastime, no mere pleasure, no idle recreation for the sake of culture, so- called. The systematic study of English means mental, moral and spiritual aspiration, and above all it means that the youth must read to understand problems which find full and elaborate statement In our best litera- ture. The restless spirit of the century, the complex aspects of soclety, the undercurrent of thought which evidently marks the char- acter of this present period as transitional— these are set forth and illuminated in every good book of the century. Are teachers and pupils to take Lold of these problems with courage and vigor, and with manly eagerness endeavor to under- stand them, so that they may later help to solve them? Think you that the High school pupil Is too young, too inexperienced for such sub- jects? The large majority of High schoo) graduates will never know what these sul jects mean, if they do not begin their study While in school. Those who go to colleges or universities learn the full purport of such problems. But what of the large majority who remain at home? ~Are they to go through life blindly, tossed by every breath of opinfon, withont even surmising the sig nificance of the serious inquiry of all thought- ful people? A high-minded and ambitious human being can no more avoid the earnest consideration of such questions than he can avoid human association. In fact, this gen- eration and the next are to solve the problems which now agitate soclety, church and state. A solution of these problems which will meet the demands of the highest needs of this complex and troublous time, a solution which will assure future well-being to so- ciety, must be the result of careful con- sideration and wise interpretation of the con- ditions in the midst of which we find our- selves. How can the great mass of men, ignorant of the importance and significance of these problems, help to solve them? Where will the youth of the land learn of these problems if not in the High school? History points to the fact that the Anglo- Saxons have developed along well defined lines of thought and action, and that the laws which have governed their development may be formulated. Their laws are found written not only in statute books, but in the institution of organized saclety, in the state, in religion, in art, In philosophy. By the study of these subjpcts in their various phases wise men are made to see tendenc and are thus able to meve along With the progressive current: intalligently. May not the yigorous, ambitipus, capable youth of the Omaha High school, with great benefit to themselves, and with Tlarge results to the thinking community, tale hold of these sub- jects in & modest, yet detgrmined way? And by not make the ‘‘well of English unde- filed” the means by Which Inquiry is en- couraged, ambition ‘wronkied, thought stimu- lated, aspirations exalted; so that the Omaha High' school, In spigit apd in truth, may be the source of Omahals moral and Intellectual and spiritual lite? L. C. M'GEE. LR Edgemont, 8. D. bas ajnew ad today. 111 Health the Cause bf a Dog's Suleide. A dog belonging to $ames Nuthall, the engineer of No. 8 emgtwe company, deliber- ately committed suigiger yesterday afternoon, says the Louisville Coprer-Journal. — The dog was a fine setter, and was highly prized by his owner. The animal had been sick for several days and aeted queerly. A vacant lot adjoins the engine house and about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon, as Officer Col- lins was passing the lot, he noticed the dog The dog would butt the feuce with his head a great deal after the fashion of a goat. A crowd collected and watched the queer an- ties of the dog for some time. In a short time the dog's head was all bloody and bruised. Several men started toward the animal to take him away from the fence The dog ran past the crowd and into the street. A cart heavily loaded with brick was passing at the time. The cart belonged to Scott Newman. The dog started to run under the cart, but the colored driver lashed it with his whip. The dog refused to move, though he was whipped severely and the horses knocked him down and trampled on him and a wheel of the cart ran over his | craly, the n head. He died In about ten minutes, JULY 8, 1894 18 RETIRING " FRoM BUSINESS We do not want profit, but anxious to close out stock o - o a [ Chinaware at less than cost OUR CnEcs & Saits at less than cost Ribbons at less than cost RUGS, H andkerchiefs at 1235 than cost Toilet Articles at less than cost RETIRING FROY BUSINESS MATTINGS, CARPETS, Az CARPETS Beautiful RETIRING FROM BUSINESS Carpets Good Carpets arpet Stock MATS, MUST SELL ALL SOON. MAKE YOUR SELECTIONS NOW, THE MORSE DRY GOODS (0, Cheap We Are Closing Out OIL CLOTHS, LINOLEUMS, COST aw LLESS than COST. The opportu= nity will never come again. Cost cuts na figure, BUY NOW. Moquette Car- pets, 75¢ yard, et = Silks at less than cost Dress Goods at less than cost Hosiery at less than cost Laces at less than cost WE CAN SAVE YOU 25 to 40 Per Cent. Notions at less than cost RETIRING FROM BUSINESS - FOUNDED 0 CHRISTIAN LOVE Somothing About the Summer Eohool Re- ceatly Held at Grinnell, Ta. CHARACTERISTICS OF DOCTOR HERRON An Omaha Clergyman Attends and Writes of the New Political Economy Soclety —Synopsis of the Subjects Dis- cussed by the Lecturers. The summer school of one week which closed at Grinnell, Ta., on Wednesday last, was the first of its kind in this country. It was under the auspices of the American In- stitute of Christian Sociology. Prof. Ely of the Wisconsin University was its president and Prof. J. R. Commons of the University of Indiana, secretary. /The school was largely attended by col- go presidents and professors, ministers, feachers, specialists in political and munici- pal reform work from widely separated parts of the country. All of the lecturers belong to the new school of political economy. The old doctrine of justified selfishness, and let- ting everything drift along in a fatalistic optimism on the lalssey faire principle gre y o e Chris- both alike rejected by them and the C tian principal of love is made the basis of a new political economy. '\ Vemarkable coincidence of thought and plan were noticeabie In the lectures, though most of the men met each other for the first time on this platform. The lion of this tribe was Dr. Herron, whose commencement oration caused such a stirring of thought in Lincoln and through- t the country. . Ferron is a very mild-mannered, gen- tle spirited man to be suspected of anarch- istic notions. The people of Grinnell, among whom he has lived and taught for a year, d0 not regard him as in the least dangerous. He is noted mainly for keeping them think- ing on the fundamentals of religion and so- ciety. I looked up his history a little. He is 3% years old, was a newsboy in his early years, and being of nervous, delicate mold, Was Insufficiently nourished, and had a hard time of it. He afterwards became a printer wnd started in for a course of training in Ripon college, Wisconsin. His health failed nior year, and he was not permitted his el it :2 finish. He read theology under Dr. New- man, then a pastor in Ripon, and now of V zton, and began preaching in north- church in Lake City, Wis., and it was while here he came first into ll'vl_m‘[»ly through his address in Chicago on "jl|t> Message of Jesus to Men of Wealth.” I‘hI.:.t was about four years ago. His book, “‘The L,nn:n-.r Christ,” brought him more fully into view, and since then his pen has been untiring, and several noteworthy and widely read books and addresses have come from his hotly passioned soul. He is an omniverous 2 II'I‘.-UL: ve addresses on “The Justice of Love," “The Social Order of the Communion of the Holy Ghost”' and “Thy Kingdom Come.” in the school. In these he emp sized the immanence of God, that He is in all lifa. what we are used to call secular as Well as sacred, and all life should be lifted 1o such a high plane that the commonest aots will become religious, and through them Wwe have communion with God. He urged that family, social, municipal, state and na- tional affairs should be adjusted on the principal of love, and this he calls the jus- tice, or adjustment of love He ‘teaches that men should be consclous of their fellow men, their needs, their sins, Shorteomings, shame, Wrongs, entering so fully into the sin of soclety and feeling so Keenly for it that the sin of soclety is made o be their own ',1!|1lflll:llll‘1'rlllb{ into soclal life he calls the oclal consciousness. oA e hasizing the necessity and obliga. tions of Jjustice, it Is not so much wh‘-l others owe us, but what we owe them. So- oial wrongs can only be righted when men approach each other in this spirit, not seek- to have righted the wrongs he thinks in, He'is suftering, but the wrongs he inflicts on others. This is the only possible cure for the confiict between labor and capital, the djustmexut of love. et reatment of the prayer, “Thy Kingdom Come,'" he placed great emphasis upon a profound conviction of sin, personal sin, and the sin and partfeular sins of so- \ds of God's kingdom, faith in the practicability of it, and that it we are in carnest In the prayer, we should offer our- selves to bring in the kingdom. I have read the address delivered in Lincoln, have talked personally with Dr. Herron and with Presi- dent_Gates of the college where he teaches, I fall utterly to find anything which has any more resemblance to anarchy than the teazhings of Jesus. It is true that very strong and radical ut- terance has been given to his fervent con- victions as to the social selfishness and po- litieal corruption of our day. Sometimes the church has been arraigned with even greater severity. Between the lines I read and back of all T see that this nineteenth century prophet loves God and has a consuming passion for men and has only one purpose, the hastening of that golden day of perfect in- dividual and social life of which his optimis- tic soul has had a vision. The strain upon his health during the past few months, giv- ing lectures, getting books ready for the press and meeting the wear of conflicting thought has almost broken his health. He is now on the way to Germany for a fow weeks of rest. Dr. Thomas C. Hall, the son of the great Dr. John Hall of New York and at one time an Omaha pastor, now of the Fourth Presby- terian church, Clicago, gave very Interesting lectures on “The Four Laws of the King- dom.” These were the laws of love, labor, service, sacrifice. Dr. Hall is a fervent, impetuous, eager speaker of thrilling power. The most startling allusion was to the pardon of the anarchists by Governor Alt- geld, in which he justified him and ex- pressed the belief that such an exhibition of mercy if given even as soon as they were convicted, not as an expression of weakness or fear on the part of the courts, but as an act of forbearance, warning and mercy would have gone further toward repressing anarchy than the severe death penalty. Dr. Hall touched upon almost every phase of modern social, ecclesiastical, industrial and political life for illustrations in the ap- plications of these laws of the kingdom. Dr. Join P. Coyle of North Adams, Mass., gave seven lectures on “The Hebrew Spirit,” in which he treated the development of the Hebrew people, the person of Jesus and the growth of Christianity from the standpoint of the scientific evolutionist. For forceful, vigorous, wide-reaching thought these were the highest, deepest, broadest of all. Archdeacon Charles J. Woods of Penn- sylvania treated in a very interesting way the soclological aspect of theology, taking up the great dogmas of the trinity, the incarna- tion and the communion. On Sunday morn- ing he preached the sermon before the school on “The Message of the Spirit to the Churches."” Prof. John R. Commons of the chair of political economy in the Indiana university has been called by some the Adam Smith of American economlie thought. Prof. Commons is a young man, but he has won his spurs in two books of great value on “The Distribution of Wealth” and “Social Problems and the Church.” i urse included a treatment of distribuiton of wealth, the margin of cultl tioz, personal rights, laxation and money. He says the newer political economy must not become a mere matter of enthusiasm, nor can it discard the older school of thought, but rather treat the whole subject from th soclal rather than the individualistic stand point. Prof. Commons believes in the study of economics, “for,” said he, “when I studied theology I became an atheist and when I studied political economy I became a Chris- tian." measures of the the ident G. A. Gate punishment, in which he against it, reviewing its earliest times. Mr. Necley, a lawyer of Burlington, Ia., discussed the profession of law n the light of the teachings of Jesus and made out a pretty stroug plea for the legal profession. Prof. Macey of lowa college addressed the school on “The History of Democracy.” In_answer to a question at the close of the lecture he expressed his convictions that the next thing to be done is for the govern- ment to get into its possesion the great na tional natural monopolies, such as railroads and telegraph lines. and for monopolists to absorb the local monopolies. He urged that experiments in this line in Furopean and other countrles entirely justify this plan, Most of the lecturers have agreed to re- turn next year in the summer school to be held again In Grinvell at that time. The Ameriean Institute held its annual meeting and elected Rev. Josiah Strong of New York as president and Dr. Willlam H. Tolman of New York secretary. The chair of Applied Christianity, occupled by Prof. Herron in lowa college, was some what endangered by the severe criticism which his utterances provoked throughout the country. The trustees of the college went over the whole matter with great care and voted to sustain the professorship, though lectured on capital took strong ground history from the they took exceptions to some of the radical - expressions which emanate therefrom. Dr. Herron has only nominal connection as one of the counsel with the American Institute of Socioloy and exercises no directing or confrolling influence upon its work. So that those who are interested in the soclety who take any exception to his teaching will be in no way embarrassed thereby. GREGORY J, POWELL, CONNUBIALITL In Kansas they say a young fellow s sweet on a girl when he helps her to pen the pigs. In lower Canada the ardent habitant begs a wooden shoe from his sweetheart to keep his tobacco in. In Texas that absent-mindedness which de- notes love is attributed to a young man who forgets his revolver when he goes to a dance. “How about your cousin Fred?” “Oh, we are as good as engaged. Yesterday he told mamma he was tired of cating in restau- rants.” He—I hope you do not doubt the. warmth of my affection for you? She—If you have any affection at all, it must be warm this sort of weather. If a Kentucky maiden steals the little silic bow from the lining of a young man’s hat. and wears it in her shoe she expects him to- propose within a month. Minnie—Here is a story about a girl who refused to marry a man because his com- plexion didn’t match her hair. Mamie— Goodness. The silly thing must have thought that married people had to be together most of the time, A New York engagement of widespread in- terest was that of Miss Florence Bayard Laockwood, daughter of Mr. Benoni Lockwood, to Mr. C. Grant La Farge, a son of John La Farge, the painter, and one of the architects of the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Mrs. Dr. Spencer of Indiana holds the mar- rying record, having had eleven husbands. It is sald that she knows more good excuses for coming home late at night than any other woman in the world, “All weddings seem just alike,” exclaimed one girl. “They are frightfully common- place.” Ves. When Herbert and I are married we are resolved on a startling de- parture.” “What is that?’ “We will have a wedding which won't be described in the society columns as ‘quiet The marriage of Miss Mary Donnelly to Mr. Charles Astor Bristed, great grandson of the original John Jacob Astor, was the June event in New York swell circles. The bride received many gorgeous jewels among her wedding gifts, Including a tiara, which ean be detached into small ornaments for the corsage. Its design is of the acorn and oak leaves, the acorns being huge pearls and the foliage of diamonds. Although this ornament is said to have once belonged to the Borghese family, the acorn has its significance in the Astor family. Brig tes of Conl How many years must clapse before we are compelled to use briquettes of coal dust and pitch as fuel it is impossible to pre- dict, says the Globe-Democrat, but It iy highly probable that in the east, at least, this practice will come into vogue befor long. Over in England such briquettes are already in common use, and one enterprising manufacturer of machinery has recently brought cut an apparatus by which the retail coal dealers may make up the dust of their yards into these cakes at the rate of half a ton an hour. The machine does not oceupy much room, requires little power and I8 largely automatic. The coal dust and binding material, usually piteh, are fed into @ mixing and measurs ing machine, which mixes them together in the proper proportion. Then the mass falls into a disintegrator, where it is ground up and mixed some more. KFrom this dis- integrator a belt conveyor lifts the paste into a vertical heater where steam i3 used to raise the temperature of the mass until it is sticky. Then it is fed along to still another pulverizing and grinding appar- atus, which finally discharges It into molds, Here It Is subjected to a pressure of about two tons to the square inch, which Is suffi- clent to turn out a square cake of fuel welghing anywhere from three-quarters of a pound to three pounds, as may be de- sired. The briquettas are usually sold to small consumers by number rather than welght, and on this account the bullder of the machine has taken particular care to produce an apparatus which, though smail, will turn out & uniform product. e Pllls that cure sick headache: Little Early Rl DeWitt's L MBE] The Jersey City Board of Education got tired of walting for a olgarette-smaolking school prineipal to dip & natural death unceremoniously discharged him. G« B i