Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, June 24, 1894, Page 13

i \ LEAGUED BECGARS OF CHINA | Economies Practiced by the Thrifty Celestiala. FAMILIES SUPPORTED ON 83 A MONTH Wonderful How Peggars Mutilate Themselves to Kn- list Pity — The Pauper Unions-How Lepers Bischmall the Dead—A e of Legalized Mendieaney. (Copyrighted 3834 by Frank G. Carpenter) | NANKING, China, June tal Cor- | respondence of The Bee.) tand 1 many Americans are patting themselves | the back at their stccess in economizing | during the present hard times. They don | know what economy Is. They should take a trip to and learn something of the selence of saving. The expense of living is here reduced to a minimum, and these Chi " milllons would grow fat on what the thrifty French and Germans waste. The food for a poor man in nking costs him no more than two cents day, and at $4 a month a man will support a family and lay up money 1 met a fat, Jolly looking China- man this morning, who told me he had a wife and five children, and his income was earned about 8. He pufficient for all his w two gold dollars his wifo makes $1 more by & ng out to w 1t costs five cents a day to feed a patient in the Methodist hospital here, and a farmer miay be hitred for from $10 to $12 a year, pro his head shaving bou $5 a year t0 common laborer, and flesh on $1 a month of this part of well fed and well dressed. They have good faces, and they are, I believe, far happler than the average American labor- ers. They seem to enjoy thelr lives and thelr families, and they are far above the averago of the wotld In their manners culture. 1 have mixed ‘indiscriminately among them, anfd find them polite and kindly They crowd about me wherever 1 go. They finger my clothes, and when 1 take a pho- tograph or stop to write a note, they al- ways block the street In their anxiety to see what the foreign barbarian is doing Their curiosity, however, is free from malice, and they are not the fierce forelgn devil- Yiaters whom 1 met with futher up the river 1 find much In them to admire, and 1 wonder every day at thelr wonderful economies. Lot me mention a few of them In the first place in the way of fuel Nearly all of the fires in Nanking are made his rice, vided he has and his tobacco buy the wardrobe of a Chinaman wil put c The majority of the peop China ar and of straw and reeds. Every wisp of dry * grass is cut and saved. There are thou- sands of people who do nothing else but reap the reeds which grow along the banks of the Yangste Kiang and bring them i the citfes to sell. These reeds are as thick as the base of a walking stick, and are often fitteen feet long. They are cut and stacked up along the banks and from thence are carried up and down the river in flat-bot- tomed boats. Such wood as is used 1s tied up in Mttle bunches and is sold by welght. Charcoal is sometimes found, and I see here and there little balls of coal dust of about the size of a base ball. The powdered coal s mixed with mud and dried in this shape. No one in China, however, either rich or poor, thinks of keeping warm by means of fuel. There are mo furnaces nor baseburn- ers, and wadded clothing mmong the poor, and fur garments among the rich keep out the cold. A fire is never built by a poor man except when it is absolutely pecessary, and the hot water used for the tea and rice in the early morning is sold by hot water stores. You can get a bucket of boiling water for one-tenth of & cent, and there is one such store in Shanghai to every twenty families. A large amount of rice is cooked at one time, and the breakfast rice is warmed by the pouring of hot water or hot tes over it. . PETTY ECONOMY. Speaking of tea, there are tea shops or restaurants all over China, and you get Yery falr meals in these for small prices, The cooking ovens are at the entrance of the tea house, and you have often to pass the uooks in golng to your meal. The tea is put into cups and hot water poured over it. After you have swallowed half of the contents the cup is filled with hot water, #nd one drawing of tea is supposed to last one customer for a meal. After he leaves the tea grounds are gathered up and dried. "They are sold later on to poorer restaurants or to families, and nothing about the cook shop goes to waste. Even the water in Which the potatoes are boiled and the other vegetables cooked is saved and sold for the feeding of hogs, and the bones of the me: are bought by the makers of chop sticks Mr. Ferguson, the president of the Nunking university, told me that he had for a long time trouble in getting any meat brought to his house with the bones in it, and he found that butchers always cut out the bones and #old them separately from the meat itself. You see no empty cans or bottles lying about the houses of the foreigners of Nan- king. The Chinese take them. They sell the bottles, and the tin of the cans ls used by the tinners. A large part of the tin used in China comes from the petroleum cans of the Standard Ofl company, and every bit of iron is worked up by the black- smiths into knives and farming implements. A large part of the razors of China are made of old horse shoes, and these are brought here by the shipload from Europe and are carried to all parts of the empire. After the Franco-Prussian war they were torn from the feet of the horses killed in battle and were brought here by the thousands of bar- rels. The old clothes man of China does a big- ger business_than his brothers of other parts of the world, There are streets of second- hand clothiers in every Chinese city, and clothes are sold over and over again, until they get down to the beggars. By this time they are shreds of rags, but their end is not yet. After the beggars find them 100 poor for even thelr use they are sold as old rags, and are bought by the makers of #hoes. The shoes of the men and boys of China have soles nearly an inch thick, and these soles are made of rags, which huve been washed and dried and then pasted fayer upon layer, until they reach the thick- Dess required. They are cut then Into shape and are so polished along the edges that you would think them made of leather or wood. The uppers are made of different qualities of silk or fine cloth, and the China- man's shoe, it manufactured in America would cost more than the kind we use our- selves. In the making of the rain boots for muddy weather and hard traveling, soles of iron are often added, and the itinerant shoemaker who sits In nearly every block of & Chinese town has big-headed iron shoe tacks to drive into the soles to save wear and tear, and there are places where you can have your Chinese eap renovated and made equal to new. Bven the rich, wh have thousands of dollars invested in their fur garments, do not throw them away when they get dirty. They will wear a coat of silk lined with lamb's wool till the lining ts as black as your hat. But some day the coat will disappear. It will be ripped apart afd a preparaton of lime and other ma- terial will be used which will make it as white and as pure as when it was first bought. The clothing of the poor is patched and repatched, and there are women by the score in every Chinese city who go about do- ing mending. 1 see them sitting in the narrow streets outside the houses working away under the hot sun, and they go from house to house to do the patching of the familios for a few cash per patch. It Is the same with the menders of crockery and broken china. These are so skilled that they will take a cup or teapot of the finest and thinnest of porcelain after it has been broken into pleces and by mesns of wire rivets, which are gastened only to the out- side of the cup or pot, put it together so that you could mot tell If you saw only the foside that it had ever been broken. They will mend half a dozen pieces in this way for from 2 to 3 cents. The work is marvel- ous. It could not be dons by the watch makers of America, but it is one of the £pecialties 0f the Chinese itinerant tinker I might go on for a column describing others of the wonderful economies I all about me. I could tell you how these people will take & buffalo's horn of about the size of a cow's born and by bolling it and press- THE OMAHA DAIL ing it out make it so thin that It becomes a lantern and forms a transparent globe as big as a two-gallon crock. | cotld show you them sitting in their shops handling old cotton wadding which has been worn by several differ owners till it has almost dropped to pieces. They will pull it apart, take out the cotton, half clesn it and it with fresh cotton for sale. Take a look at the barbers who stand on every street shaving the heads of all m: from old men to bables. They receive from less than 1 cent to b cents a shave, according to th rank and wealth of their customer, but y note that they save the scrapings of the head, and these bits of hair are sold by them to furniture dealers for the making of cushions. It is the same with eatables. All sorts of gr eaten, cooked and rew, and a large nun t of the beggars are sup- ported every winter by the government of the towns and villages, but as soon as spring con this appropriation is dropped and they are literally turned out to grass. IMPUDENT BEGGARS As to ggars, there is no untry in the world that has more impud beggars than China, but I doubt er in pro- portion to s popul; more £ many parts of Europe. The Chinese beg gars, are, however, organ d into bands They have a trades unlon of th own and they go into the business as a profession They -have their kings and the cities a divided up into beats and woe to the man who attempts to jump his brother gar's claim, There is sure to be a fight and he will be run into prison or out of town These beggars expect to get a vertain amount —sny one-tenth of 1 cent a day—trom each store keeper on their beat, and you can sometimes pay them to keep other beggars away At Wuhu a missionary owned a house facing on two streets, He nad beggars on both sides of him, but he finally arranged with the beggar in front to keep his rear cleared by th: month. payment of a small sum per oon as the bargain was made the beggars at the back of the house went away and he has had no trouble since th Nanking there is a royal guild of established, it {8 matd, by the Em- peror Hung Wo, who began life as a beggar, and became one of the greatest emperors China has ever had. The head of this guild can prevent a shop or a family being an- noyed by beggare, and there Is a system of buying off the assaults of beggars, which prevails throughout China and which ex- empts the man who pays from their visit As it is, every one gives to the beggar. The sum is generaily not more than one-tenth of 1 cent, and sometimes only half that. This is in silver and it means only half the same amount on a gold basis. Think of giving a man the twentieth or fortfeth of 1 cent to satisfy his hunger! That is what some of these beggars get. There is a kind of copper b, about half the size of an ordinary cash, or as big as a nickel, which fs worth about this, and this coin is called beggar cash. 1f a storekeeper refuses to give the beggar will set up a howl and he will continue his lamentations until the man is glad to pay him to move on. Sometimes the beggar threatens to kil himself in the store then and there if his demands are not satisfied, and, what is more, he sometimes does it. This ie a terrible thing for the storekee He has, by the laws of China, to pay the man’s funeral expenses, and he may have to support his family for the rest of their liv MODES OF SELF-TORTURE. The tricks and schemes which these beg- gars get up to screw money out of the people are legion. They mutilate themselves in all sorts of ways to excite pity. § watched one getting ready for business yesterday. He had a festering sore on his right foot which extended from the little toe to the ankle, and he was scraping at this with a piece of rusty hoop iron to make it bleed and to make the flesh raw and angry. He stopped as I ap- proached him, pointed to his bleeding foot and whined out a request for alms. Another beggar I noticed in one of the main streets of Nanking two days ago. He was standing in the center of the road, with no clothing on above the waist, and was apparently blind. He had what looked like a great brick In his two hands, and he was throwing this over his shoulders and striking himseif on the small of the back. He was howling for alms as he did so, and had a basket fastened to a string, which he passed around between the blows. After his posing 1 gave him about 50 cash. His face lighted up and his eyes opened, and he ran off on the trot, the happiest beggar in Nanking. Other beg- gars cut themselves with knives to excite pity, and 1 saw one yesterday on what may be called the Vanity Fair of this city who had cut off his toes, and was lying on the stones with the bare stumps sticking out One of the feet was still bloody, and the sight almost made me sick. Many of these beggars go_about in boats, and there is a creek near Shanghal which is filled with boats of beggars, who go out over the country to prev upon the people. There is a jolly beg- gar along the Yangtse who has but one leg, but who sculls himself about from place to place in a little canoe, and gathers up the cash from the thousands who come near him on the water. [ saw here yesterday on the steps of the Temple of Confucius a boy, who was pounding his head up and down upon his knees to excite pity. He had no arms, and he looked at me in a dazed way when I pointed my camera at him. Many of these beggars go about in gangs of from three to a score, and this is especially the case with the blind beggars. They have their leader, who goes ahead with a stick and the others, women and men, follow holding onto each other by the shoulder, and carrying baskets for cash or rice THEY LEVY TRIBUTE. The worst beggars of the world, however, are the diseased beggars of China. Men and women sometimes take babies with the smallpox about in their arms and enter the stores to beg. The shopkeepers are glad to throw them some coppers to get them to move on. The lepers are another set of bad citizens. They are found all over China, and they are desperate in their applications for help. They have their unions, and they levy blackmall upon every funeral. If they do not receive it they sometimes make it lively for the mourners. At Canton they wait at the cemetery and approach the funeral pro- cossions as they come in. They will take promises in case the head of the occasion has no money at hand, but if nw money 1s sent they will dig up the bodies and hold them until they are ransomed. The Chinese are, however, far more char- itable than is generally supposed. They take better care of their families than any other people in the world, and & man i sup- posed to ald his poorer relatives and to help them on in the world. With all the beg- gars there are, I venture, fewer unem- ployed people here in China today in pro- portion to its population than there are in America. The government has charitable institutions and its officials are always giv- ing out of their own pockets. Some ex- tracts from the great government journal of China e before me. From them I see that $50,000 was lately sent to some of the in- habitants of Mongolia who had suffered through a late rebellion there, and that a lady In Peking had just sent $1.000 to re- lieve some poor people in her native province of Anhul In most of the cities there are government granaries where rice is stored up for the poor against famine, and there are blind asy- lums, leper asylums, and in some places 1 am told, public hospitals. There are no lunatic asylums, and families have to take care of their own insane. There are no work houses, but there mre soup kitchens and clothing clubs, and rice and clothing tickets are often given to the needy in times of famine and in the winter. The buts in Which the beggars live here are mere sheds of the thinnest bamboo material plastered on the inside with mud. These usually line the walls outside of a Chinese city. They are so small that it 15 hardly possible to stand upright within them, and the average size i§ not larger than the area of a hall bed room. The floor is the ground and this, often forms the bed of the family. There is usually a partition which divides the hut in half, and the cooking is done over a fire of straw which is bullt upon the ground or in one of the clay stoves which are used every- where throughout this part of China. There is, it must be remembered, no law against bogging in China, and the beggars here have as many rights as any other citizens Our ideas of the Chinese are crude in the extreme. This 1s a country of the rich as well as of the poor, and 1 see every hour the evidence of & social, Intellectual and fn- dustrial life, which are different from any descriptions of China 1 have ever read and which are Interesting in the extreme. ‘Fw« l\. Cflu{u«.u: mix | "THEWAY THE WAR HAPPENED | A Chapter of Thrilling Reminiccences by a Vateran War Oorrespondent. MURAT HALSTEAD WRITES SOME HISTORY | Fugitive Slave Law-—Border RuManism— | John Browsn Raid — Candidacy | Stephen A. Douglas—Charieston Con- | vention—Eiection of Lincoln. (Copyrighted 1504) 1 One of the surprises of advanced years is | the number of persons who appear and are | intelligent, alert in affairs, and yet have only the dimmest idea of the ory of the supreme Struggl jcal and military it were 80 vivid to the spectators are far away. Especlally is there obscurity | as to underlying forces that developed the events that all men know, though few under- stand. I shall speak of the beginnings of | war, what they meant and how it all hap- | pened. It is simpler and not less modest | to use the first person singular. 1 have a certain authorization to write on this theme, for experiences warrant me § | assuming that I had exceptional opportuni- | ties to be thoroughly informed and a tem- | perament and associations that permitted the | possibility of impartiality. Born in the first | administration of Andrew Jackson, who was ve hero first of all in the world of my natives of the'sam my earlies was to be. father and grandfather. as he was, North Carolina and_abldifig political predilection Heve in Daniel Webster because he taught the doctrine of the nation. Once I asked my grandfather, “What of slavery? 1Is 80 grest a curse? He saic It is a white men.”” The enforcem slave law was attended with exasperating incidents. It to extend slavery curse to th of the fugitive distressing and did not seem worth while to territories and make more slave states Salmon P. Chase of Ohlo made war upon slavery under the constitution and used states rights as a fortification aguinst the slavery propaganda. 1 was young and he was great and 1 was with him. 1 did not bave as much sympathy as I should have had with the early abolitionists. — They had faults and 1 was impressed by them rather than with their virtues. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE TRIALS, Some of the fugitive slave trials at Cincin- nati were exceedingly dramatic and touch- ing. A marshal of the United States who sent back fugitive slaves was commended in a public meeting for doing “‘more than his duty,” a compliment that seemed to have its doubtful side. A slave woman who had es- caped with her children cut the throat of her little girl when captured rather than see her go back to slavery. The prevalent ide was that we should put up with slavery b cause our fathers had to agree to it to form the union, but we did not mean to go into the slave states to fight slavery, though it should not come out of the slave states to fight us, and regarded with apprehension and indignation the activities for the exten- sion of slavery. The proceedings of congress were increasingly absorbed by slave ques- tions and the press was occupled by them. The hostilities between the ‘border ruf- fians” in Kansas and the free state settlers were hardly understood to be civil war, but were that precisely. 1 had friends killed there, knew men on both sides. THE JOHN BROWN RAID. John Brown was Involved in the disorders of Kansas, and his raid on Virginia was e actly what we would call in these days th enterprise of a crank, and he did not produce the effects usually attributed to him save in- directly and remotely. The most important thing he did was to excite southern men into political imprudence. As a witness to the hanging of Brown, and willing to sympathize with him as a brave man, I was shocked by the surroundings, and his personal appear- ance was that of a crank. The conduct of the Virginians amazed me. They had all thelr volunteer military companies present at the execution, and thought there were military organizations in the north to at- tempt his rescue. The feeling in favor ot Brown was not strong, but the south in sisted that he was a representative and logi cal republican and that the teachings of the republican party were responsible for the blood he shed and caused to be shed, his own Included. Virginia seemed to feel that she was already at war with Ohio. Tk south was more responsible for magnify the John Brown raid than the morth was, and the north held largely the opinion that Brown as a crusader had been of greater im- portance than was presumed, and it was a common saying that twenty raiders hadf frightened old Virginia into fits. The im- mense military capacity of her people was later discovered. The sectional excitement broke out In congress right after the execu- tion of Brown. SCENE OF THE GALLOWS. On my way from thé scene of the gallows to the national capital I met Charles Sum- ner, Henry Wiison and N. P. Banks in the cars at Baltimore, and was convinced they did not clearly comprehend what had oc- curred. They had the view of the heroic character of Brown that has been generally accepted, but the Brown of Beecher, Emer- son, Sumner and Victor Hugo was not the man 1 saw, whose only correct portraits were drawn by Porte Crayon at the time for Harper's Weekly. NARROW ESCAPES FROM BLOODSHED. Several southern men were looking upon those from the north as crusaders raiders, sympathizers with robbery, arson and mur- er, as they put it, proncuncing the most explicit and vengeful threats, and declaring the union already dissolved. The northern men were angered by the implacable tem- per displayed, but called it bluster, alike ehildish and contemptible. The absolute seriousness on both sides was not appre- ciated by either. That sectional animosities were becoming deadly was but faintly real- {zed, and the north was far behind in the discevery. The manhood, the personal pluck, the fghting ability of each setion was underrated by the other It dawned upon me one day, listening in the press gallery of the house and looking upon the sharply defined sectional combat going on below, that this was dangerous to the country at large, that as mankind made history this must mean war if it could not be checked or diverted, and the floods of passion were evidently rising and rolling without impediment THE CANDIDACY OF DOUGLAS Stephen A. Douglas was the favorite of the democratic masses for the next presi- dency, and certain of nomination and elec- tion in case that the south Qid not take such an extreme view that to concede it would ruin the democracy in the north Douglas was the formidable opponent of Buchansn in the convention of 1856 in Cin- cinnati, and had defeated Lincoln for the senate in Illinos, but had incurred the hos- tility of the Buohanan sdministration end the ultra southern men His peculiar doc- trine was that Of ‘‘mquatter sovereiguty,' the meaning of which was that the people who settled in a territory—the squatters on territorial soil—should determine for them- selves when they organized the state whether it should be free or slave. An ex- traordinarily early date and southern place was fixed for the national democratic con- vention of 1860—the month of April and the city of Charleston. Douglas had many friends and admirers in the south, but the slave power was ageinst him. Jeffer-on Davis had the strongest will, John Slidell the most subtle and keen fntellect, Judah P. Benjamin the most silvery tongue, and Robert Toombs the most striking militant personality of the real southern leaders From December to April the southern members of congress of the extreme per- suasion had been hostile to Douglas, and labored to consolidate the south against him. They were feroclous and implacable in as ault, claimiog that the John Brown rald was the logical Teswit of the squatter wov- erelgnty of Douglas, who bad abandoned everything dear to the @outh and made of himself an unprincipled deniagogue and trim- mer. Under what law, they asked, was slave law property to be protected in the ter ritories before state laws could be framed and how were the equal citizens of co-equal states 1o have their property rights wh they moved into the national domain that they had under rtate sovereignty unless the coustitutional obligdtions were asserted, for- mulated and executed? Now was the for the south to demand MW rights in tern that perr itted no evasion: dw The friends of Douglas pejnted out the im G mense republican vote of and that th adoption of the extrem# simthern platforn and candidates pledged < thdt meant over whelming defeat jn They said they had fought evpry, northern state battles of the men of the south, and® fhese states were their friends, but they mustinot be asked to take a step that would, throw them naked before their enemies, and commit them to a battle that was lost befdfe it was fou They claimed that the deovratic party served better treatment -ang was entitiod the gratitude of the south They held t the at e of the so toward Douglas was personal and petty, and that if he was pursued and eut down the democratie party was hopelessly wrecKad, The southern reply was that the election of a repub lican president was thé dMsolution of the union, and ths evert Would not be the act of the uth, but that f implacable abolltionists. The wsouthern leaders 14 opinion contemp usly de od to conced that there was any difference between th restriction d the abolshinent of slavery The & body of northern delegates to the Charleston convention passed through Wast ington and thronged about Douglas, wh animated them to face the south with un- conquerable resolution, as they had to pre vent at once the detruction of the demo- cratic party and d ation f the union THE FAMOUS CHARLESTON CONVEN- TION They were fully imbued with the spirit of their leader and the importance of their mission AWhether Douglas est ted the souhern - #éfillaient against B g fis it Is certain his followers, with the exc of a_few congressmen, did not. My j t0 eston was by the way of Atlanta and there delegations from Mississipp i Indiana collided, and both were surprised The debates in the hotels and cars on to Charleston were constantly revealing unex- pected differences of the most radical sort and such things were said by the repre- sentatives from Mississippi, and some fr Louisiana and Arkansas, to the devoted friends of Douglas from the northwest as would have been in bl ) newspapers, and very very hard to endure. The astonishment of a Douglas democrat when told by a_ Mississippi fire-eater that the opinions he held weré as incendiary as those of “Old Irrepressible Seward,” and that Douglas was a more dangerous enemy of the south than Seward, and the south would beat him if nominated and preferred Seward, was so great as to Interfere with the expression of wholesale indignation FIERCE AND BITTER TO AGONY AND DESPAIR On the lines indicated occurred the con- tests of Charleston convention, which were fier d bitter to agony and despair. The extreme southern would yield nothing—would not even n last moments of possiblé compromise, agree to ke the decisi of supreme court on n to pr s not_ex- state. They when th and th the northern The in Baltimor constitutional property in man wh cluded by the sover: seceded from the c platform failed to sfy them were gay with triun when democracy was desponden tion adjourned to mee! June and the sceeders adjou d to b~ mond. The finzl formalities of the actual disruption took plac in Baltimore, wher Douglas and Buchangn nominations made. In the meantime were held ention in Balthmére that nominated that in Cbicage: that nominated Lincoln. I attepded these con- ventions, saw the slave trade in the auction of Richmond and méted the sinister s of the southerh men and their ting pleasure that all was well with jon the were them, and the procession of events moving as they directed. The Bell convention was held by men who appeared ‘elated with their own self-consciousness, but to be in the air, remote from the facts, My education in ‘the John Brown experiance as a corre- spondent, and at the Chafleston conventi caused me to study clostly the develop- ments at Chicago, and L was convinced there were but few there whp hed- measured with an approach to accuract the events that had trans ed I had been:strock with the d resentment toward the sowih of the fri of Douglas on the way ugrth from Char ton, the intensity of wrath with which they discussed their grievances and denounced the ingratitude of the sputhern men after all the sacrifices made for them in the north; the frequent expression of the wish that if Douglas ceuld not be Seward should be elected president and give the south the full benefit of the frrepressible conflict. A favorite phrase was that it would do them 0od to have administered to them the ‘*Higher Law.” They had been most deeply offended by the disparagement of Douglas as an abolitionist of a type more deplorable than Seward himself. The democratic opinfon at Charleston, including all factions, held that the mnomination of Seward as the republican canlidate was certain. Occasionally there was the shrewd observetion “Seward or an accident.” Lin- coln could not, however, be called an accl- dent. He was rather a, calculation based upon the judgment of practical politicians that Seward could hot carry Pennsylvania o- Indlana. It was not possible to convey to the Chicago convention of 1860, or to the great mass of the people in the north during the | campaign, an adequate impression of that which had come to pass at Charleston. The actual division of the democracy at Balti- more meant to the republicans that between the two democratic candidates the election of Lincoln was sure. The supporters of Bell end BEverett were so far out of the dust of the trampling combatants that they had a better appreciation than others of the condition of the country, but they had the force of the equipment to take advan- tage of their intelligent apprehension. THE SOUTHERN THREAT OF DISUNION NOT BELIEVED. The remarkable @eclaration of Goulden of Georgia in the Baltimore Douglas conven- tion that he had imported slaves direct from Africa, and the Virginia slave trade was worse than that with Africa, hardly made a sensation, save as a bit of impudent humor, though it was the statement of fact. The listener who was shockea and became de- nunciatory was Benjamin F. Butler of Massa- chusetts. The people of the morth did not believe there was anything in the southern threat of disunion. It seemed impossible that fellow countrymen could go mad by millions and strive to tear down the house of their fathers, and certainly if the north- ern people had known that the election of Lincoln would cause war they could not have submitted to threats. That was im- possible. The south was equally in the dark The southern people did not know that dis- unfon was war. They expected peaceable di- vision. Half of the states that seceded were pulled out by the prevalent opinion that if the south presented a united front it would demonstrate coercion to be impossible, and insure peaceable dissolution, Thus both sec- tions persisted in self-deeeption, and drifted swiftly into war » The extreme conduct pf‘#he leading south~ ern men in opposing Dopglas had been so irritating, it aided matgrially to prevent a diversion 1n the north sustaining the south- ern attitude against the presidency of Lin- goin, and Dougias mppeared st the inaugura: tion of his rival as president, held his hat and applauded his uttersnd; and the strong- est lieutenant of Douglps, “Logan, when he found that there was nd greventive of disso- lution save by force of agmis, took up arms and became the forempst-of the volunteer generals of the war y The preservation of pesce and union now as always depends u;ml; the comprehensive understanding in all &ebitons of current events, and keeping vital und universal the sense of justice, the equal.rights and oppor- tunities of citizenship, thesgrand old saving quality of manliness "that sanctifies fair play. One invaluable acqudition due to the war is the teaching of the whole people that there are brave men in all sections, whose sincerity it is dangerous to question. It seemed that the country was 8o vast the people so largely absorbed in local af- fairs, and touched with provinclalism in sentim that they committed then es unconsciously to currents that carried them to war, and that their bstter acquaintance formed on battle fields 1s an enlightenment that safeguards the future, but If we would avoid the wars that are pald for in the blood of nations we must avoid the beginuings of evil HURAT HALSTEAD. Brooklyn, N. Y. et Cook's Imperial. Worid's Fair ‘“highest award, excellent champagne: good efferves cence, agreeable boguet, delictous favor." not Y BEE: SUNDAY, JUNE 24 1894 | | | THE MORSE DRY GOODS CO. QUANTITY] DESTROY NO Am't Rec'd $680.00 Sale $88.24 $68.76 SIS coTTI—TI™ Change ARTICLES. 1 3 : 5 [Original Price She Pa { ALL DEPT'S. Sold for Cash. JUNE 25 ~ < » = o @ 2 yards i dozen 10 yards 10 yards | 12 yards 12 yards | 16 yards | 1 pair 2 ounces | 2 5 yards 6 Dress Goods Trimming Silk Cambric Silesia Canvass I Stays Hook and Eyes Silk Thread Velveteen Table Linen Towels Bed Spread | Napkins Jacket Ladies’ Suit Cape | Summer Corset Sateen Corset Gingham Chambray Calico | Lonsdale Cambric | Bleached Cotton Wool Blankets | Comfort Boys’ Suit Extra Pants | Suspenders | Collars | Suits Underwear | Ladies’ Night Cowns | Ladies’ Skirts Child’s Bonnet Ladies’ Aprons Linen Handkerchiefs Chiffon Handkerchiefs Men's Handkerchiefs | French Perfume Calder’s Tooth Powder Sozodont Tooth Wash Crochet Cotton Ammonia | Colored Elastic Shell Hair Pins | Wide Silk Ribbon | In case of error or return of goods, prescnt this slip, $5.25 3.13 30 40 40 15 ‘ 05 10 15 I 32 1.50 1.50 | 2.00 | 10.00 18.00 7.50 75 o5 2.50 1.00 1.50 1.60 7.00 2.00 5.00 100 50 75 4.00 2.00 3.50 1.00 75 75 1.50 2.00 $3.01 1.68 21 30 30 05 01 08 08 1.66 62 87 98 4.97 9.98 3.77 .37 87 1.50 50 42 1.00 1.00 4.75 98 3.00 50 25 30 2.00 1.06 2.00 09 10 10 10 04 02 07 1.46 88 63 1.02 5.03 8.02 37 38 38 1.00 50 48 50 60 2.25 1.02 2.00 50 25 45 2.00 94 1.50 75 41 45 1.05 66 33 08 2] 35 06 55 24 25 $45.29 { | | Summary of the Above Sale: Regular retail price, .s.ssssssvasrsssssnesss Amount paid for same by customer at our retiring prices...... saved on a bill of merchandise bought at our retiring from business sale, thousands that make just as much of a saving to our patrons. THE MORSE DRY GOODS COMPANY Retiring from Bus'ness 53.24 Ehows 8 grand Baving to customer of .o, .seestesssnassarsssennssssssss £5:20 Make money faster than that if you can. We present the above sale check as a sample sale, showing the large amount of money This is only one of Retiring from Business