Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, February 25, 1894, Page 10

10 PENETRATING A WILDERNESS Adventurous Explorers Invade an Unknow" Region of Oanada. TWENTY-TWO HUNDRED MILES IN A CANOE | The Wonders of North America Hundred Miles of River, Sixteen G nd Vst Terds of Rein- A Thrilling Trip. kos deer [Copyrigh'ed, 1894, HAMILTON, Ont,, Feb. 20 ence of The Bee)—The Journey undertaken in the past tury, and the largest exploration of just been ac these fow (Corre pond remarkable most rtor hitherto ha m of unknown plished territory The o been but velous details explorations forth meager a of tht been lald fiest time th of one of the Two brother Tyrrell of the ¢ at Ottawa, ag follow a fine, consecutive nture the lips unts no ady For the eribed mi tale of ra the public us taken xplorers Lieutenant from are lero e Joseph B Al survoy all, hand James W. Ty ana about dlan geologl 3 and hi well ur years, a me rell brother, built young m a Dominion land veyor of thi are the her ploit, which must take rank fo with which it rtaken and tact with whieh it was carried out and tho and hardihood with was accomplighed, with any ture of the century. They are both nativ of Canada, both graduates of the T university, the former in the liberal arts and the latter in eng ing. J. W. Tyrrell is a citizen of Hamilton, the “Birmingham of Ontarlo,”” where he is happily married and $ a pretly coltage in that city asant homes. J. B. Tyrrell has been en- 1 in geological explorations for the Do minfon government for the past eleven years and J. W ell has spent eight years of his life in adventurous cxploration. They o an honored family, their father be ing the oldest municipal officer in the o= minion. The younger man gpent two years filled with incident in surveys in the northwest, be- tween lake Winnipeg and the Lake of the Woods, Ile then engaged in a sarvey on the international railway, run by the great Canadian Pacific road, through the wilder- ness of northern Maine, a territory about as well known to the public as the interior s of this ex the the coolness place conr was und boldness which it ronto of Tibet. On his return he setled as an engine Hamilton, and for four years was a general surveyor, and planned and exe- cuted the building of -the first inclined rail way in the province, the one up the “moun- tain” at Hamilton, which carries loaded street cars and drays up to the top without interruption, a height of 195 feet. His fit- ness for the journey which has just -closed was established by an experience with the Hudson Bay expedition of 1886, under the command of Licuenant A. B. Gordon, . N in charge of the Dominion steamer, Alert. For two yegrs he was hydrographer and meteorological observer of the party, and was as famillar with Hudson bay as any except those connected with the 500- on ships of the Hudson Bay company. and “Pyrrell's Beacon,” on Big island in Hudson's strait, was built by and named after him. PLANNING FOR THE TRIP. J. B. Tyrrell, in the year 18 ying and looking up the geology the Dominion government on lake Athabas and eastwardly on the Black lake. He em- w=ployed Indlans on the survey, and finally came to reach information from them that there were three canoe routes leading from the vicinity of Black lake north, and east 2, had been for of lake Athabasca, Beyond these lakes stretched an unknown land, 1,000 miles to Hudson's bay, an unknown region never trodden by the foot of a white man. “But lost in the wilderness, nameless, un- noted, Of man unbeholden, thou wert not till now." Could it be that there was any river ris- ing from the dim seen height of land that rolled its black spruce-clad folds skyward, from those solitary lakes? After much thinking upon the problem, for which there was the scantiest basis of action, he decided on the venture. Some of the indians had said there was a river running toward Hud- son’s bay castwardly, but they knew nothing of its existence and no one had ever de- scended it or knew where it ran. A spring approached he laid his plans before the min- ister of the interior, Hon. Thomas Daly, and finding them heartily approved, the expenses of the expedition were authorized, he belng placed In charge and authorized to secure the services of his brother, J. W. Tyrrell. Proposing to travel by canoe, they aimed to secure the most export canoc men o be found in the Dominion. After some nego- tiation, they were fortunate enough to secure the serviees of the three brothers, Louic, Peter and Michele French, Iroquois Indians from Caughnawaga, near Montreal, who had gained a worthy name from batiling with the Lachine rapids in the St. Lawrence, Bldding goodby to his wife, J. W. out from Torouto to Idmonton on the Sas- Katchewan, by rail, reaching there May just as spriug was beginning to cover t Plains with greenness. At Edmonton they purchased supplies, but had brought with them three splendid Peterborough canoes of varnished- cedar. cighteen feet in length, capable of carrying 1,800 pounds each, and which afterwards proved their title to be the best hoats in existence. On May 25 they started northward in wagons for Athabuasca Landing, a Hudson's bay post, 100 miles from Sdmonton, and from that point launched their canoes and went hurrying north down the river to Fort Chippewyan. Their sup- plies, about 2,000 pounds, followed by the Hudson’s Bay company's steamer, arriving ubout a week after they did. At Edmonton they had engaged the as- sistance of threo Indian half breeds of the Chippewyan or Prince Albert race, who proved most expert woodsme miles down the river thero is a rapids o switt and so dange one had ever attempted to run a or seventy uccession of that no noe down them. Approaching the Grand rapids, that shoot with terrific force down the rocky channel, and knowing that they would have to encounter unheard of dangers, they pointed to the rapids. The Iroquols brothers spoke rapldly to each other. and after a moment said: “We run ‘em!" The others were appalled, but committing them- selves to the canoes they shot down the stream like lightning, to the great surprise of the natives of that reglon, who declared that noe one had ever done it before. Reach ing Lake Athabaska, they landed at ort Chippewyan, a mere Hudson Bay company’s post, the British governmont ostensibly compelling the company to establish forts for holding the country, though this s in reality a sort of governmental farce, as there is no garrison, and the forts ge ally consist of trading stations. Here they waited ‘a_week, uneasily, for the steamer bearing their canned goods, provisions, five gallons of alcohol, which for weeks was thelr only moans of cooking, astronomical and scigntific instruments and extra clothing. THE START. Time had hurried forward and it was the 15t of July when they started with loaded canoes along the north shore of Lake Atha- basca, making a survey of the shore as they went, for a distance of 270 miles. At Fort Chippewyan, through the influence of Dr, McKay, they sceured a guide to accompany them s far as the Indians had penetrated toward the north. There had been-diffused among the Indians in the Saskatchewan dis trict & sort of terror of this unknown land, and they talked with the' Indians cnkaged *=n the expedition, trying to frighten thew | from going. At last tho Iroquois came to the_explorers and wald: *“The that the Eskimo, whom we shall meet, will ent us “No," sald the younger Tyrrell, who had lived among the Eskimo in Labra: dor, and could speak the language, are good fellows. Don't be afraid.” It fs little. wonder then that before they reached the east ond of Athabasca lake their guide deserted them, and really he had been of no service to thew. along (he lako, their cedar canoes shooting along, while the guide, in a birch canoe, was hardly visible In the At Fort F distance. | wen tell us | ‘they | | | ot They made rapid progress | bark | nd du Lac, about half way down | the lake, they fell in with the last Indians | they saw, who described (o them three canoe routes running from Black lake, but | who were ignorant of where they went | | They claimed that after they climbed the height of land they would get out of the woods, and gketched a map of the limits of the woods, which they afterwards found in- correct Black river, end of Lake whieh flows Into the eastern Athabasca, s & rapid stroam, broken by two cataracts, forcing a portage of seven miles, The river has steep rocky banks and flows from Black lake, which fs sixty or seventy miles long. The lake has densely wooded shores, leavy growths of dark spruce, intermingled with birch and poplar, which crown the nearly perpendicu- lar banks of Black lake several hundred feet high. Its gloomy depths, rendered more dark by the rock at the hottom, are of Dan tean grandeur. They coasted along the shores of this forbidding sheet of water for twenty miles Mosquitoes were plenty, but the black flies, small sand flies, apparently, were so them. The Indians have a legend that at ack lake first made black flies and that these swarms are a fow left over from fnnumerablo arms that afilict the lob The lake unds in fish, mostly white fish and trout Leaving the lake they plunged into the untrodden wilderness, climbing up steeps, through dense, dark forests of sprucé, b- ing a little lake, which they cri and then ensued a lot of little portages until they reac v large Jake almost fifty miles in igth, which they christened Lake Daly. Around them spread a wilderness, b them rose the wooded heights they were to gain The rock is of Laurentian formation, gnelss and mica schists. By hard and tedious OMAHA DAILY all through the bed of foe, as thick as it could be. The banks of the river, whose current was rapid, and which was very broad, were low, showing that it had begun to run since the retreat of the great glacler. ‘For the first 100 miles,” sald Mr. Tyrrell, “it had the appearance of spilling over the ground.” Stil the same monotonous prog- ress, still the dark weather, still the river and swelling lakes, and “‘seemed the length ening landscape ever more the same.” GREAT GAME. At length about half way down they came, after camping each night, hauling their canoes out and wrapping themselves in their wa rabbit skin blankets, to another of those h ’ how handsome the; o celved by o abounds. It was about fifty miles long, and LG U% b G0 TR Chuch. chagrined 8 (hey l;m;h;nll il Wl |‘|'\’;:\t | as they remembered the storles they had ol SR LA 0 Something | paarq of these same Eskimo and r can- two or three miles distant, moving along | ;i w'“'w'“:“ Sl AL L the shore. Thelr provisions were almost [ gt PRt G @ ald, ¥ entirely exhausted, for sooth to say they had [ i 3 t 18 not Iike Jake Tobaunt eve Started with insufficient supplies, thinking [ ot 8 T .I.““-M’I’_”‘I"hfu"‘lnn'\_":‘”l"‘“ s with their good rifles and fish hooks to be | [t Qe OO0 AR ETRE Bpt marvelously nish their larder. 8o far there had been no game. Not even a bird had been scen on the water or on the land ex- cept two or three white partridges and the were alort at this discovery. On approach- ing tho shore, they were rejoiced to see a vast herd of reindeer, and suppressed shouts and laughter at the anticipation of venison were heard. As they neared the shore care fully, it scemed as if the whole land' was alive with reind On landing, the deer did not appear to be afraid, they were #o unused to the pre of man that the voyagers passed among them as they would abla to rej ~ s, 2o o to__200 Rl /ds 300 _ 400 500 SCALE OF MILES DT SR cumbing they finally reached the height of land 1,200 feet. They made a portage of a mile and found another lake about fifty miles length, and traversed its western shor Their route was nearly due north. This se ond lake was entirely unconnected with the height of land. The northern lake is forty or fifty feet the lower, and is wooded. Tired, sore, but enthusfastic, they reached the height of land and resolved to commemorate it. Climbing a tall tree, on the very top of the continent, they trimmed off the limbs and nailed a flag to this primitive flagstaff, and left it as a memorial of their enterprise. Up to this time they had seen very little life, They had seen one black bear and caught a few fine fish, both lakes and rivers being full of them, One of the party caught a trout in Black lake which weighed twenty-five pounds. LAKES AND RAPIDS. They found water flowing morth from the north” end of lake, and followed it down, passing through several large and some smaller lakes, where rapids interrupted and made difficult’ the navigation. Their Indians were equal to the task and showed wonder- ful skill in running these rapids, All around them were woods. In fact, the barren lands seem to be enclosed by a belt of Woodland of 100 miles in width, and, as they. advanced, they found it thinning off into: a section thinly clad with woods, then into isolated patches of timber and finally the woods dis- appeared altogether, and they were on the borders of the “great lone land.” Far as the eye could see stretched a treeless waste, flat, covered here and there with scattered granito boulders that protuded from the ground, and datted with a sort of stunted wire grass and with patches of moss. Noth- ing more desolate was ever seen outside of Sahara. They seomed the sole inhabitants of this awful waste, the threshold to the polar regions. Away off in the distance low, rocky Nills were thrust through this prairi like expanse. “Nor dint of hoof, nor print of foot, ¢ in that wild forbidding soil, No sign of travel, none of toil, the very was mute; And not an insec! Or matin bird's new voice was borne. ¥rom herb nor thicket, n ny a rood. These rocky hills, as they approached, and there alr hrill small horn, they found covered with moss, were also many bogs or low places, covered with a bed of soft reindeer moss. In the winter deer live on the moss in the woods, and in the plains in the summer. The weather had been execrable. Slow dragging clouds, gloomy days, rain and general dis- comfort, were the features of mearly every day. The progress through the woods had been tollsome and slow, and now as they launched their canoes they were happy again to glide between the low banks and look across the frozen vastness, for all this plain was a frozen waste and the dint of the heel struck on the ground hit the frozen soil be- neath. It is @ fact that most of the north never thaws out, except for a few inches in depth. At York factory, on the south of Hudson's bay, it thaws in the summer to the depth of seven feet, and below that for many fathoms lies the perpetual frost. trange to say there was a great abund- ance of small wild flowers scattered over the plain, sometimes in blooming clusters many yards in extent, and again fringing some hillock or dotting the edge of some little lake. W. Tyrrell made a collection of 230 difforent specles of flowers, which has been sent to Prof. Macoun of Otfawa to be classi- fied, It is the only collection ever made from the region between the Mackenzie river and Hudson's bay, and the most interesting ohn Franklin's collection. As advanced day after day through this plain the evidences of glaclal action everywhere apparent, Magnificent or sand hills extended in long strin, and knobs of most fantastic es. At one place a chain of these kames oxtended into a lake, and formed a promontory beyond which it extended a series of islets, across the lake far as (he eye could reach. In other places there were rocky ridges, plainly glaclated, and there is little doubt that this was one of the last places where the eternal glacler raised its foot, ere it retreated forever to the Arotic For a time they could find small quanti- ties of trees and bushes hid in ravines, in isolated places, but most of the time they could only gather black moss for fuel. The reindoer moss on, which the deer fed in vather a lichen than a moss. Their course was north, 10 degrees east, and day after day they glided along for 700 miles after they had got out of the thickets. Still the weather was weeping, and low clouds dragged across tho wet plain. Northwestwardly lay the great valley of the Mackenzle, and away off east, somewhere, 1,000 miles away. lay Hudson's bay. They found a curlous feature the landscape, never described before moss glaclers, from twenty to thirty fest high, which consisted of great masses of moss, frozen together, and sloping down the edge of the water. The ourrent would wear the bottol of these “moss glaciers’' away, and they would break off in huge cakes into the lakes and streams, Where they soon floated away. They climbed some of these glaclers and found them not only coated with moss, but that the moss great were “kames” o T OF.THE TYRRELLS TO CHESTERFIELD INLET AND RETURN. among a herd of cows, coming within fif- teen feet of many of them. The reindeer (rangifer tarandus), Is a native of upper Canada, and the Eskimo are largely sup- ported by them. Of late the slaughter of these poor animals for their tongues, which are sent to England as a delicacy, threatens their extinction in mapy parts, and_ the -Dominion government —owes to ftsell afd the Eskimo (o see that they are protected from the: slaughter that has caused: the disappearancedof the buffalo. At first it was thought best to creep around the herd in Indian fashion, but such precau- tions were useless. The deer. gathered in vast crowds or ‘‘bunches,” standing heads and talls, close together to protect them- selves from the swarms of black flies which annoy the big antlered monarchs of the plain. Climbing a small knoll, as far as the eye could reach, there was a vast sea of these reindeer, amounting to several hun- dred thousand, and possibly running up into millic Individuals were scattered about between the groups and bunches, which we large and arranged systematically. 1t was grand and inspiring sight. Here was one of God's herds, untouched by man and fearless 3 il always is. Never had the hu- man upon such a scene, and the whole vast plain seemed a moving mass of life. The shores of the lake were muddy and grassy, the country about was barren cept for the grass and moss on which the herd was fecding, and fortunately In one little ravine a smail patch of woods was v ble, though this was several hundred wile from the wooded region. It was most oppor- tune. The necessity of travel knew no law, and twenty or more deer were shot. A hunter could go within 100 yards of them, and fire where they were in a group without exciting their alarm, or get, when firing, within 200 yards in the open. The Indians were crazy with joy over this advent of the de They took the carcases, and after a feast ou venison, dried the carcases by the fire and pre d for further travel. o1 several days they were traveling past this vast herd. They broke camp August 2, and saw innumerable deer for several days, and after that.met with them in occasional Dbands and were able for a long time to sup- ply themselves with fresh meat. They esti- mated the reindeer at millions. A few wolves were met in small droves in the woods at the south, the common gray Russian wolve while further north they encountered very scatte numbers, the white Arctic wolves. A fe Arctie foxes were also met who looked with frightencd astonishment at the fur clad in- vaders of their home. Not a bird was though it was to be expected that which are common on Hudson's bay, would Dbe seen here also. Occasional rapids broke the river, but only one point they met with a long impassible strip of river, nearly a canyon, a wild chaotic abyss, through which roared and churned the river, and forced them iuto a portage. This was just north of Tobaunt lake. A SOLITARY CAMP. lake or Doobant lake, as it is known, is a lake apparently of Lake Ontario. They journeyed about 100 miles, and could not baunt sometimes the size along it for see land on the opposite shore. The shores were d and rocky, at times 200 feet in height. The shores were piled up with_ fee Jams and there was not less than seven fe of ice on the lake in the middle of August. Around the lake in many places the hillsides were covered with snow, —The weatber. con- tinued execrable, wet, windy and of-a chill- ing temperature, The ground was frozen within a few fuches of the surface, No- where had they encountered any signs of civillzation except on this lake, where they had found & few old signs of the Eskimo in- habltauts, stone circles for the foundation of tents, all moss grown, as if they had been abandoned many years ago. At sev- eral places, as they entered the lake, they found several of these camps. But so far for the 800 miles since leaving Black lake v had cncountered no human being, nor 1 signs of one. North of Lake Tobaunt, abcut one day’s drive, they encountered the Blg Canyon rapids, a terrific stormy shoot down the ragged rocks. They baw a good many deer and a few wolves. At the foot )f the long rapids they found one family of Bskim They had seen a few signs and at last came in sight of a solitary Eskimo camp. The Indians were much clted and evidently remembered the sanguinary stories they had heard at Athabasca, The Athabasca Indians avowed that they told these stories to frighten the other Indians so that the white men would be kept out of their country If they once gained access there the game that the Indlans were saving for themselves would be taken and the Indians would find thelr country taken away from them. One cannot blame these poor fellows for trylug to prevent in their weak way the all-conquering invasion of the white man, which has wrought so much ruin to them. They were anticipating trouble. The old Eskimo, who saw the approach of the ex- plorers, was in a state of terror and flew about actively. He put his wives and chil dren into his deerskin tents and laced up the fronts of the tents and rapidly prepared for hostilities. J. W. Tyrrell waved his hand as he approached and shouted, “Chimo! BEE: Ton YU Ay uitt” 1 am glad to a, awunga!" White ellow was rejolced d expocted an at- men aro we! Theilid Hello! Pa'apple tacy see the Eskimo! <-Q boyond measure as #o tack and he hastencd §o unlace the tent, took them In and gav@ them cushions of bearskin and deer st on, while they were the center oflanfadmiring circle of overjoyed observer: e old Eskimo had two wives and six en, and It was as good as a circus to see the wonder and joy of these poor people, as they welcomed the explorers. Th had mistaken the company for Chippew n Indians, their traditional enemies, whom they fight on sight When the Indians who were with the Tyrrells saw well, proceeded on down the river, having passed through sixteen large lakes, and in numerable small ones, since leaving Black lake The distance to Lake Baker, which 18 the western end of Chesterfield inlet, Is 200 miles. The barks of the river become steeper, tho channel deeper, and there fs no timber visibl The geological indica. tions are Huronfan rocks, dark traps, horn blende schists, ete., and these continue all the way to Baker lake. This district may prove rich in minerals, as there is a plenty of quartz, some of it gold bearing. At the debouchment of the river into Lake Baker the channel is obstructed by deposits of sand and gravel as well as by boulders brought down by the summer floods. Small vessels could easily come up as far as the rapids below Tobaunt. - A little dredging would open the channel to steamers for a distance of thirty miles up the river. AROUND LAKE BAKER. Lake Baker, which is formed by the rivers flowing into the western end of Chesterfield inlet, is about ninety miles long and thirty wide, although its limits are indefinite, as the tide, which runs absut eighteen fect high, carries the salt water up close to its limits Chesterfield inlet a long narrow flord with stecp rocky sides, filled on the south- ern sidp by rocky islands. Around Lake Baker there were a number of Eskimo camps at the west. These Eskimos are identical, in language, at least, with those found fin Labrador and north of Hudson's strait, .as Mr. J. W. Tyrrell was able to converse un- derstandingly with them. The explorers lad espected to meet the musk oxen, but did not see a single example of this curious animal, but found in the tepee of an Eskimo a fine head of one that had been killed in the country west of Lake Baker. It is the opinion that a_ short rail- road of 150 miles would connect Lake Baker with the country descending to the Great Slave lake, 50 that with that exception, a r passage could be made for the products of the Mackenzie river valley to the Atlautic, J. W. Tyrrell, who has given the subject much attention, claims that Hudson’s bay is open for navigation four months in the year anyhow, and is generally open to strong steamers for anotlier month. By the con- struction of a_railroad as indicated, the products of the Mackenzie valley could be ac- cumulated and shipped tp Europe during the open_season. ro.dd Taking the north shore of Lake Baker, after following the river for 850 miles, they coasted along the northern shore of the lake, and of Chesterfield inlet, and reached the shore of Hudson's bay.on the 10th of Sep- tember. It was becoming cold weather, and thelr provisons were running short. A few snow flakes wnrmfi thejn that. winter was coming, and they Weve fu an uninhabitable wilderness. They n;m down the westerly side of Hudson's bay fo fFort Churchill, dis tant 500 miles. Euftunp seemed to smile upon thom, as dueing ghe first three day the weather was exceptionally fine. One da they made thirty-five miles, and in the three days 100 miles. ‘Bheyggvere very hopeful. .But from that tim, ch& encountered storm ‘after storm, and foF dass together it was im- possible o travel. ’"Eg‘ would ¥find it im- | practicabile o do anything,but to T8 ‘stul. They surveyed the Goast as well as they could, but for days could-get no glimpse of the sun. They shot a few ptarmigan and occasionally a ground squirrel. But for 400 miles there was not a stick of wood and mucl of the way the snow was ten inches doep. They went ashore —every. night, Wrapped themselves' wet and cdid” in their “rabbit skin blankets and reindeer robes, and slept to dream of brighter skies. They liad only a week's provisions lett and it was still 400 miles before they could reach Fort Churchill, the nearest point where sup- plies could b obtained, By the middle of September the fce began to form along the Shore. 1t is a fact, which people generally Q0 not seem to be aware of, that when salt Water, like Hudson's bay, is near the fre 2 ing point of salt water (zero) frosh water flowing into it is immedlately congealed. The result i that’ along the western coast they found the wafter from the various stroams freezing and lining the shore for Quite a Qistance out. Winds were so strong 3 ‘variablo that they could not make head- Way; some days not being able to make more thin two miles, Ten days passed iu this battle with the Ice, the wind and the polar bacan, or its adjunct, Hudson's bay, which, Ohallow and windy, was casily tossed by the tompest. The shores were frozen, the rain foll ‘and froze, and the foy waters that flew ooar them turned fo coats of mail as it congealed, | not. travel more than one day in four. For two weeks iore they struggled along upon short rations and some l|£\y‘s made only from two to five miles “‘]I"); Provigions were exhausted, their stock ‘u Aleohol, with which they made thelr tea, Ao ono ana death, ghim, cold, unfeeling, aved them in the face. They were rosolute | fellows. and kopt thelr thoughts largely to themselves, and yet there came aver I(l: ::l that sickness of heart that brave men fecl, knowing that they were Krul!hu,“ru MO done all that was in thelf power. A STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. yotober 1, while still 300 miles from P hurenill, and after they had only pro- %0 miles in over-two weeks, they i a clo for life or 0} put that it was a struggl AIll‘IAl\Vl\‘ 5 They then conc luded to abandon lll|l|r,- f the ‘canoes, and everything except theld Sifes, blunkets = and ammunition, dhe plucky fellow despite th \lilllfl!'rn‘ {\1|l[ Pontinued as well as they could the survey o the west ¢ t. Al their scientific Instru- collections, and a thou- re cached and hid an be recovered ments, most of thelr sand things of interest, w where th in the canoe, 1 b oV next summer, i wand kimo da not find them. With lightened canoes, but with heavy hearts, they started. on, determined sorts of weather. It was a with all the odds in favor of wh beats us all. Then for batile went on. Terrible asfuid fce around and over hof yet got within thirty Tniles of Fort ChurchiNf Here they encoun- tored new and heayy ige in great quantities. Hardship had beguti: (o tell on the brave ex- plorers and their)fbjpanions. One of the Troquols, Louie French, was sick, in fact very low with bloodi-dykentery, and tho last | Might they were in Wpfcanoes the thermome- tor was at zero and-one of the Iroquois, French, froze both his feet badly. I y night the canoes would be cased in iy When about ico, and have ta belehopped off forty miles (rom url@'lmr«'mll the forest to travel in all race with death the old fellow, two weeks the winds, roaring sei them and they had Fogan and oxtanddl dfwn to the neighbo hood of the fort. ust before this they had managed to kill pglar bear, and for days they lived almost jephirely on that, At one time they wers ot jig the canoes two days unable to reach th iur«' The shoro was low and. the watédehallow; the difference between high and low tide being some five or six miles. One night they went ashore thoroughly ex hausted, and had hardly landed when a feartul gale broke on the coast, accompanied by terrible saowatorm. They managed to erawl fnto the edge of the forest, almost dy. fuk of hunger and fatigue, and bullt a fire to thaw their balf-frozen bodies. That night they cooked the last of thelr bear, having eaton the most of it raw At last the end | seemed to have come. Sore, weary, heart- Sick and famiabing these nobie fellows called council. The next day, October 16, they committed ona of the two rifies with most of the ammunition to the two half-breeds, who were able to walk, John Flett and Jim Co | Figl, and told them to coast along the shore and reach Fost Churchill, and added, with deep meaning in thelr tones, that If they falled to find the fort they need not return. There would in that case be no need of re turning. 1t would mean death to the whole party What the thoughts of these brave explorers were as they saw thelr tired companions dis Digestion Waits on Appetite and Heath on Both Danwe The Mouth is the Portal of Life. when in a healthy condition, more senses than one is this so; first, becaune the decay and loss of the natur but in thousands of cases it is the PORTAL OF DEATH. In 1 teeth prevent proper mastication of food, thereby overworking the stomach and lowering the vital force of the entire system; and second by the passing into the stomach of the and roots and of diseased gums, poisoning the blood ¢ Don’t delay this important s cheapest in the end. up with the progr fession, One above is R, ROALAND W. BRILEY, who lays claim to graduate dentist of ten years act- ual practice since graduatiug. All latest improvements comfort and interest of patient this office. Telephone, 1830, appear in the woods cannot be told, and anx- fously the hurmgry and frozen men waited, foodless and shelterless under that stormy and icy sky. How the hours dragged along till, on the third day, a welcome shout, sweeter than ever human voice had been be- fore, burst upon them. The half-breeds had been successful in reaching Fort Chu in two days. The people of the fort realiz that if they would find the explorers alive they must hasten, and on the third day came with four dog teams and sledges. It was a sudden transition from blank despair to over- whelming Joy. The canoes and the sick were loaded on the sledges, but the rest of the party were forced to walk on snow shoes to the fort, distant about thirty miles. The snow was threo feet decp and so soft that the dogs had hard work to get the sledges througli. A short distance before reaching the fort J. B. Tyrrell's strength gave way, and he had to be carried In. The legs-and arms of every one of the party swelled to nearly twice the usually size, but the kind attention given them brought them out all right. They reached Fort Churchill on Hudson's bay in latitude 5850 north and longitude 92.20 west on the 19th of October, 1893, THE HOME RUN. Fort Churchill is a trading post of the Hudson’s Bay company, of much more im- portance in fromer years than now. They found the population fifty-one, mostly haif- breeds, only four whites being present. Of these Captain Hawes was in charge and Rev. Joseph Lofthouse had exerted himself to send needed aid to the explorers. Here they remained for nineteen days, not wholly for the purpose of recuperation, though that was needed, but the stay was enforced, be- cause they could not cross the Churchill, which was running full of ice. On November 6 the river was frozen over from bank to bank, and they started for York Factory overland with one dog team. Under the tender care of Mr. Lofthouse, nis wife and daughter, who compose his fam- ily, the explorers, who had been terribly run down, began to improve, and J. B. Tyrrell gained forty pounds from the time he reached Fort Churchill to his arrival here. ' This snow shoe journey was interrupted at the Nelson river seven days after leaving Churchill, Here the delays, which scemed Interminable, continued for fen days, during | which they were out of food, living on rab- bits, foxes and birds. To add to thelr dis- comfort the thermometer indicated 20 to 40 degrees below zero. It was now November, | and in this wooded region they were in danger of starving. Almost desperate, they launched a boat in the river, running ice, and succeeded after an all day's struggle in crossing to the other side. A journey of ome day took them to | York Factory. This once important post of the Hudson's Bay company is today a de- serted village. It contains several large buildings, and about twenty good-sized hous Once the headquarters of the com- pany, all were occupied. In 1886 it was re- tuced, and now consists of only six families, numbering twenty-five or thirty persons, only two of whom were whites, Dr. Milne, who showed great kindness, being one of | them. They left York Factory after two days for Oxford House, leaving on the 28th of Noven ber. From Churchill to York Factory, about | 200 miles, was made on snow shoes, over two feet of snow. The country is very open, with timber along the streams. From York Factory they took two dog teams to Oxford House, a distance of 250 miles, the explorers going on snow shoes. Oxford House s on the boat route on Hayes river. It took ten days to reach that place, the distance being made on snow shoes, and nearly all the way through dense woods. At Oxford House they were delayed @ week waiting for dog teams, and during that time were very cor- dially entertained by the Hudson's Bay com- pany's agent, Mr. Isbister. During the snow-shoe journey. although the thermometer sometimes ran to 40 below ro, the men did not suffer from cold. They would build up a roaring fire at night, wrap themsclves in thelr robes, and though the fire would die out at midnight would sleep soundly till morning. On the 14th of December, having obtained four teams of dogs, they started on their Journey to Norway House, 150 miles. They were antlcipating a_sledge ride to Norway House, which is located on the northern end of Lake Winnipeg, but had to wait for the return of dog teams which were all out; on the return of these, they found the dogs so used up that it would be mere cruelty to re- quire them to haul the explorers. Dog teams an carry only provisions enough for then selves and drivers for ten days, and the company were forced to continue on snow shoes, which was not easy, as the snow was soft and ylelding. One of the Troquois the: sled from Churchill to York Factory rrival at Norway House completed th es of snow shoe travel. At N House they were fortunate enough to s four fresh dog teams, two to carry the ex- had to haul o he 650 plorers and two to haul the supplies. It was @ merry party that was thus homeward hound, starting down the east side of Lake Winnipeg on the 234 of December, and the ate their Christmas dinver sitting on a stone, on the shores of Winnipeg. The stopped at several polnts and obtained sup- plies, and as the days were short, made hut about seven hours. Rolled in rabbit skin robes, seated In their carrioles, with Indian drivers, they flew over the snow, making sometimes fifty miles a day, until they reached Solkirk, 850 miles, in nine days aud a half. At that point they sent their Sa katchewan men overland, with one dog tea up the Saskatchewan river. The two r maining Indians accompanied the Tyrrells an foot, but were both used up. They paid the passage of the Indlans by fish teams to Winnipeg, while they took the train for that place. Arriving at Selkirk January 1, 1894, they reached Winnipeg, the pres Neadquarters of the Hudson's Bay company, | the pext day, and reached Toronto Jamu- ary § —_— There 15 a new fad in Boston origin among young women—mostly of- the genus known as the matinee girl. It i drinking raw cggs at the soda fountain in “ladies’ lunch’" places and similar innocuous resorts. The girls stop, ask for an egg, and swallow It from a glass without blinking We could not lmprove the quality If we It has its Patronize . those of reputation and who keep s of the pro- the for Teeth operated upon in all ways without pain, Remem- ber the name and exact location: BAIL EY, DENTIST, 3d Fioor Paxton BIk, (Gth and Farnam, | of freckles paid double the price. DeWitt's Witc Hazel Salve (s the best salve that experience can produce, or that mouey can buy. matter any longer. at MME. M. YALE'S Excelslor Ccmplaxion Remedies Awnrded the Highest Medals and Di- plomas from the World’s Fair Co- lumbian Exposition. Mme. Yale, the = World-Famed Complexion Speciaitst, 18 the most beautiful woman 1ivi Her beauty has been cultivated and hex youth p: gerved by the use of these remedies. At 41 sho 1 than 18. PRICE LIST And Mme. Yale's Advico FOR MOTH PATCHES, SALLOWNESS, ck, dead skin or auy other discoloration I rec- and_ guarantoo it nd glve o perfect, ty and beauty to T ommend my Complexion Bleach, will remove all skin blemishes natural complexion equal in pu achild's. Price, $2.00 per botte; 3 for $5. ftis advisable 1o use three bottles if the case is of long standing, although one bottle 18 sufMcient in many ciess. WRINKLES AND SKIN FOOD. celsior Skin Food will remove any case of ovory trace of age. It has been st ehemieal experts and pro- It makes flabby flesh firm B wrinkles and ested by the g nounced marv and the old, withered skin frosn, elust ful, sunken cheeks round and plump. 50 and £3.00 per jar. FRECKLES AND LA FRECKLA. Tt matters not if (reckles have been from youth 10 01 age La Frockla will remove them in every cager In eightoon months over i qu of million men, women and children have been cured nd thelr skin made beautiful. It is hamless and wondortul. Price, $1.00 per bottle. THE HAIR AND EXCELSI0 HAIR TONIG. Gra y hairis now turned back 1o 1ts orjzinal colo withoutdye for the first time in the history of th world. Mme Yale's Excelsior Hair Tonic 18 con Tdered the most ady anced trlumph in chemistry it reatores the natural color (o gray hair, contains no dye. and stops hair falling {n from 21 hours to one week. Can bo relied on to create an astonishi- tng growth. For bald heads it Is marvelous. Py #1 por bottle; 6 for BUIDE TO BEAUTY. nd youth- Two 8izes; postage stamps to pay for malling same. Gives extraots from Mme. Yale's famous lectires on beauty, o Ladvieo on beauty culture—tho most advanced b ducation—which gives every woman an tful and remain y ail . Yale at her head- auariers, Templo of Beauty, 146 State. st.,” Chi- ©cago, L ORDERS-Ladles, you may order your goods by mail or get ‘them from your druggist. 1t he doo *p them Yale his name, Ho must be behind the tines. Mme. M. 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FERRETS FERRETS ARE YOV TROUBLED WITH RATS abbite A for- . FabDIL hunters ai % At Geisler's Bird Store 406 North 16th St., OMAHA, N THE MERCANTILE IS THE I-'AVl)RTi TEN CZNT CIGAR. ‘or sale by all First Class Dealers. . R. RIC effects of decayed teeth nd often working incalculable harm. Good dental work costs more at first, but INSURANCE COMPANY. ORCANIZED (850 H. B. STOKES, President. JAN. IST, 1894, ...317,840,208 00 18,784,766 49 Insuranco written in 1893 Assots Jan. 1st, 1594 Payments to policy hotders in 28087 tees s 10187 7 Libilities (including 4 per cent Y Dept., death claims re- reserve caleuluted by 1 Ins. and ported awaitiug proof, and all other Jabllties)..... . 12,609,999 30 BAessiR e e 1,004176741] an. 1st, 1894 64,204,470 00 Total payments to policy hold- .. 85,000,000 00 W. C. FRAZEE, 5 Burplug e Tnsurance in force ersover ... crotary. Wo hereby certify sthat we | vo carefully examined in detail the assets as shown ahove, and that they are correctly stated. E.A. 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