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LOOKING INTO THE PAST Investigation of Oorporato Abuses by a Bpecial Committeo of the Senate. AND THE THE RAILROADS PEOPLE Methods In Defeating the Popular Wil and Bioeking Legisiation — Regulation of Iuterstate Commeroe by Congre: PANT 111, (Third installment estimony of Mr. E. Rosowater bofore (ho select committee of the United States sennte in Omahu, June 22, 1880.) 1 huve cited in o goneral way the causes of complaint here and the dissatisfaction, but T Rave not dealt at any length with the efforts that have been made to get legislation, Our constitution, whicn was adopted in 1575, maee it obligatory, or mandutory almost, on the legisluture to enact laws prohibiting discrimination or, s the constitution says, unjust discrimination, and authorized the loglslature, if necessary, to establish maxi- mum rates; and required the legislature to prohibit pooling between parallel lines, and authorized tho legislavire, in the enforce- ment of all rallroad regulations, to go so far, 1f necessary, as cven to require the forfeiture of franchises already existin The Chairman—Forfeit franchises already granted by the state? Mr. Rosewater—Already granted. There have been since 1575, 1 <, at least five sucteeding legislatures. The Doane I Senator Platt—You have biennial sessior.s? Mr. Rosewater—We have blennial ses- There have been some special ses- sions, but I think ouly one or two. The first ctical attempt at legislation—ihat is the st bill ever passed —was called the Doane That law in its general provisions was in conformity with the constitution, but it was assailed at the time as being practically inoperative, unjust, extrava- gant, and'T do not know what all. The rail- ronds declared in a general way that they would live up to the letter of tho law. They have lived up to it with a vengeance, They started out in the first instance to declare that they could not carry any exhibits to the county or state fairs without full truns- portation rates, oxactly at the same prices that were exacted from ordinary shippers for the same classes of commodities. ‘Ihe Chairman—Could they do s under the law? What was the tace? Opposition of the Rallroads. Mr. Rosowater—I think they could; they could have made a classification. The law does not require anything more than that for a like shipment over a like distance a like rate shall be exacted. It requires that there shall be no discriminagion, ‘There may be a classification for state fairs just as there could be for excursions, They said that no mora excursions could run in the state. They could give no excursion rates. The rate to be charged was to be uniform, The law did not contemplate anything of that kind, and they have so discovered since. But it was sufficient to_create general dis- satisfaction. They also went to work, and, under all sorts of pretexts, raised the rate {n far western localitics, construing this law with regard to short and long distances in a very exact way, so that the peoplesaid: “This taw, instead of reducing our transportation rates, is actually raising them, and, instead of its being a relief, it is a burden.” In that way the thing gradually wore down until the railroad managers found it convenient to 1gnore the law entirely. I have reason to believe that a great many drawbacks have been allowed in spite of the law,and certainly much greater rates are being charged for shorter distances than for longer ones, so that that part of the law, at any rate, has been systematically violated, Mothods Used In Defeating Logislation. The next offort was mada in tho succeed- ing legislature. There bus been no legisla- ture in session for the last eight years in which there has not been a great struggle vver railway legislution. The methods gen- erally pursued by the railroad managers have been these: They would get some of their friends o introduce multifarious biils, some of them so extraordivarily stringent that no ravional man would want to vote for them, and by creating a confusion of ideas and a conflict of opinions, and by having a large lobby at the stato capital, and by making all sorts of promises of reward and” of employ- ment to members of the legislature; by com- Dining with parties who had jobs to log-roll through the Iegislature, and by becoming backers of those jobs, and in return trading and oxchanging votes, the railroads suc ieeded in defeatiog every effort made so far to get legislation until this last winter, Thero have been bills passed through one house—excellent bills, and bills that were moderate—that would be defeated in the other house, and vice versa. The Chairman—What additional legisla- tion have the peopls been seeking since the first law was passi Mr. Rosewater—They have sought in the first place for a reduction of passenger rates. 4 hat has been sought right along in ever; legislature, and it was not obtained until last winter. 1Itis very moderate. The law provides for a 8-cent rate this side of the 0uth meridian, The general demand was fora law that would define much more elearly what unjust discrimination should be, and, if possible, that there should be a rate law fixing o maximum, and perhaps Also a minimum rate, with regard to four or five clusses of freight. That is, upon graio, cattle, conl and lumber, Upon ' the general lines of merchandise no one has sought for, or at least no general effort has been made for and no one has particularly advocated such a tariff. Proportlon of State and Interstate Traflc, Senator Harris—I would like to ask you about what proportion of your railroad traffic begins and ends in the state of Ne- braska, and what proportion begins in another state and ends in Nebraska, or be- gins in Nebraska and ends in some other state? In other words, I want to know how much of your trafic is state and how much is interstate commerce. Mr. Rosowater—That would be a very difficult question for me to answer. I have 00 access to the railroad records. Various statements have been made. 1 remember Mr. Dillon, 1 his last veport to the stock- holders, made a statement that a large per cent, something like 60 or 70 per cent, of the entire traflic of the road was local. That i that it began at Ogden and ended at Omah: But even that would be interstate because & great porcentage of that, such as the coal TTrafic, begins in Wyoming and ends hero. To get idea of the approximate per- centage of local and througi trafc would be very dificult. Senator Harris—I supposed you would have an approximate idea asto the per- centages. Mr. Rosewater—I havenot. 1 will proceed with regard to tifs legislature. These bills, as I suy, have been defeated, and when 1 say there were corrupt influences used I mean exactly what I say, and I bave evidence of it. 1 was traveling, for instance, on my way down to Lincoln, and I met s gentleman from Columbus. The Chairman—Columbus in this statet Logislators Favored by Kalironds. Mr. Rosewater—In this state. He said the member representing that county in the previous legislature was sent there under express instructions and with pledges to assist in gotting up o raitway law, and he had systematically voted the other way, or had ubsented himself when be did not vote against railroad legislation. He said, “that man now has special facilities and special rates over the road his busiuess ana he is ruining my business.” This man is in the hardware and machinery business, and he said, “I cannot begin 1o compete with him This mun has an annual pass over the roa to go where pleases. Hesides that I be- liove he also has lower rates, so that 1 can- uot sell or competo with him at all.” There are ather fnstances that 1 might cite where members of the logislature within o few weoks, or at the outside a few wonths, fouud their way right to this city. ‘They did not even dare to go back to lineh- own coustituents, and they found their way here and went into the employment of the com- pany, either in the shops or at the head- quarters, or for the bridge company. I do B)Lsay that is the present regime of the road, but that was the way up Lo the last legislature, roposed Constitutional Amend Jootod. When the last loglslature convened thers was au expression of opinion ou the part ot | very large n the people of this state upon the question of legislation that was very emphatic. The legislature proceding that one had submit- ted to the peopleof Nebraska a constitu tional amendment providing for the election of a railway commission. Our constitution prohibits the creation of any new state offi- cors beyond thoso aiready named in the con- stitution itself of 1575, So that this rail- way commission could not have been const's tutionally createa. We had an opinion of the court on that quention. Therefore this constitutional amondment was submitted. The amendment was snowed under by & Ajority-—-noarly two to ono. Senator Harris the popular votet The Feople's Deelsion Feasteated. Mr, Rosownter—By the popuiar vote, Tt would have been supposable that whon the people voted that down and indicated that they wanted no such machinery—whatever their motive mighit have been, thav fact was 1ot to be questioned—the lagislature elected atu me time should have had respect for this expression of opinion by the people who elected thom. But instead of that there wus introduced in the legislature, as usual, & certain amount of regulating legis- iation and in the general wrangling, of course, the same tactics being exercised and the same railroad lobby being there—pretty nearly every prominent railway manager was there, the Burlington managers being particularly prominent—they deliberately strangled every effort in the legislature for a bill. Even the efforts that were made there at the time to make a single 3-cent bill was voted down Senator Harris—That was for a passenger rate? Mr. Rosewater—Yes, sir, a uniform pas- enger rate, They voted that down, and finally they forced upon the legislatore a bill creating a bogus railway commission. I say ‘‘bogus’ for the reason that a commi: sion could not be constitutionally rreated, and therefore this substitute was provided in the shape of three secretaries. They are the secretaries of the state officers. The officers are supposed to be the commis- sioners. 1t was certainly not in conformity with the spirit of our constitution, and it jen defiance of an expressed popular vote given two years ago this fall. There was every effort conceivable made down there to have this bill put through at the in- stance of the railroad managers. [defy any of them to tell me here vhat this statement is not true. They were there to see it put through, and they managed to have it put through. They alone are responsible for it. What we have to hope or to expect from a measure that has been forced upon us by the parties who are opposed to regulation, and who certainly do not want any regulation that will decrease their imcome, I fail vo see. Of course, that hus now gone by. We have the commission Senator Harris—This last act does not re- peal the former act, does it? Mr. Rosewater—It does not. Senator Harris—It leaves that act stand- ing? Mr. Rasewater—It leaves it standing; so that the commission has that to go upon. Senator Harris—Does this last act require the commissioners to enforce the former acti Mr. osewater—I do not remember clearly about that. 1 have not examined it with that view, Senator Platt—1 notice that they are to listen to all complaints that are made under 1t. Mr. Rosewater—After all, while that pro- vision may be taken as strictly applying to tho previous law, the fact does remain that the commission is clothed with no authority except to inquire into the complaints, and to report the same from time to time to the governor, and through him to the legisla- ture, for redress, Of course, any person who is acgricved under the old Doane law on account of discrimination may bring suit, but there are some featurces of that law that are very lame. What 18 an Unreasonable Charge? For instance, it is a very difficult thing to establish what is an unrcasonable charge. Our constitution says that charges shall not be unreasonable. So does the statute. But that 1s a very indefinite thing. What might be regarddd as extremely unreasonable in Massachusetts or New York might actually be reasonable in Nebraska. Again, what might be unreasonable here would be re- garded as reasonable in Wyoming or off in Nevada. Without a specific maximum charge, or some limitation by law that would show just exactly what you would regard as unreasonable, thers is no possibility, in my opinion, of enforcing any penalty upon the railroads in Nebraska under that part of the statute. What 18 Unjust Diserimination? ‘There might be an enforcement of 1t so far as discrimination is concerned. But there come in the words, ‘‘unjust discrimination.” I have heard my friends, the railroad mana- gers, contend a dozen times in the legisla- ture that there is a discrimination that can be just and reasonable, and should be al- lowed. Where will the line be drawn be- tween just and unjust discrimination? For iustance, they say that when a man ships 100 carloads of freight he ought to be entitled toa Dbetter rate than the man who ships ten car load or ouly one car load, and that it is no discrimination against the shipper of the smaller number of car loads to charge the shipper of the 100 car loads a lesser rate per car load. The Car Load the Unit. 1 would hold if we were to establish it— and that1s what should be established— that the car load should be the unit, and the shipper should have no rebate for any large shipment, whether he shipped 1,000 cars or 100 cars or any number. Senator Platt—Do you know practically how much rebate the roads give on a large shipment over a small onet Mr. Rosewater—That1s, of course, kept very closely in the auditor's departmeat. They employ a large number of clerks in the oftices of both the railroads. They are “overcharge clerks.” Those overcharge clerks haudle not only the proper over- charges incidental in the course of business, but also tho rebates. Ihavo reason to be- lieve that there have been rebates allowed, but, of course, under this statute, the rail- roud compuny is not likely to come forward and tell upon themselves and have the privi- lege withdrawn. The Chairman—Do you think tha could be practiced very long without being found outt Mr. Rosewater—It might be, and undoubt- edly is with regard, for instance, the grain traftic. Senator Platt—The railroads hold that they have a right to de They say that is not unjust discrimination, as 1 understand it, Mr. Rosewater—That probably would be the answer. If we should find them dis- criminating in that line that would be their answer. But they never tell that they do muko rebutes. They deny that rebates ure being made, Senator Platt—Yet the course of business and the way people conduct their business sutisties everybody that rebates are made? Mr. Rosewater—All I know is, for in- stance, that I had a letter 1 my pocket from a man in Grand Island, who says that when he was shippiug grain there he was con- stantly growing poorer and poorer, and that he could not compete with the other men. The others were getting drawbacks whicli cnabled them to earn a large incomo where he was actually losing woney. That mun, 100, i8 nota man who asks me to have it keut in confidence. If there is any desire for1t I will give hisname. In fact he makes this quite a serious complaint. I have already stated today and have shown that the rates on those particular nccessities, like coal, are very different in different places, and are extravagantly high in the western part of the state, s compared with this end of the state. So that there is no doubt some legislation is necessary, unless the railroad companies are willing on their own account Lo right the wrong, Phe fequisite Loglslation, The Chairman—Tell us what legislation is needed, in your opinion, Mr. Rosewater—In my opinion, I believe congress should enact that clause of the state law-—it probably 18 in the Reagan law— which provides that they shall not charge a higher rate for a short distance than for a longer one. There should also be a statutory enactment, in my opinion, that would fix the charge per'ton per mile. 1 have hearda great many railroad men at different times with reference to legislation, who have in- variably said that nobody except o railroad man could possibly arrive at any conclusions upon the subject; that is one of those mys- terious intricacies that no person can solve, unless he is in the busiuess nhimself. 1 find upon wquiry of raiiroad men us to how they arvive at the cost of transportation that they have uo difficulty about it. They ar- rive at it by the basis of carload rates per ton per mile. It costs the railroad so much per ton to carey s given amount of freight oue wile, and they sggregate the miles THE OMAHA DAILY BEE: and thereby ascortain very noarly whether they are making or losing money in getting ceriain rates. But in making rates they do not govern themselves by the cost, or anything of the kind. = They usually ascertain, first, the char- acter of the commodity, ana the business of the party who has it in hand and the amount of charge he could stand without entirely stopping his trafic, They depend also upon the local necessities, where there is no com- petition. Rates are arbitrar fixed, It seems to me as if a rallrond company can earry coal to Omaha and deliver it thera and sell it for 87 a ton, which is at the rate of tive-eighths cf a cent per ton per mile. After deducting the cost of mining and handling on the car, they ought not to be allowed to charge 15 cents per mile to take it to Sid- ney and 11 cents per mile to take it to North Platte. It seems to me they ought to be able to deliver that coal at the same ratio, or at least something near it. The Short wnd Long fau The question would arise whether a short and Jong haul should bo treated alike, I would say no. Ido not say, of course, that the short haul should have a higher rate than tho lone haul, but there must bo some definition of a short haul. What can that moan? Does it mean 150 miles or 200 miles 100 miles or 50 miles or 10 miles? Thero would be a national law declaring what a short haul s and defining what a medium haul is and what o long haul is. If that were done and it were aivided up in such a way s to say that the charge for 100 miles should bo so much per ton per mile as a max- imum, leaving the roads a reasonable mar gin in which to come down to the lowest rate, or make a maximum or minimum rate, and then say for any distance over 500 miles it shoula be figured as & long haul and the charge allowed would be so much per mile, I think there would be no trouble about it. Senator Platt—The medium und the long and short hauls would have to vary accord- ing to the longth of the roads, would they not? Mr. Rosevater—Not nocessarily. They do not transfer because they have short ailways nowadays. Senator Platt—If you had in the stato a railroad that was 500 miles long. and you tad another railroad in the stato that was only 250 miles long, you would want to make adifference between those roads in deter- mining what was the short and what the medium and what the long haul, would you not? Mr. Rosewater—I do not think I would. I think we would have to treat all railronds as u contivuous line nowadays. They are prac- tically, in operation, a continuous line. They now load o car on the shortest line and transfer it to any distance. I would treat the roads in that way. Maximum and Minimum ‘T'he Chairman—Do T understand you to take the position of favoring the fixing of maximum and minimum rates by congress? water ~Upon a few commodities as_I say, upou tne heaviest c| of eight. Upon that class, for instance, which the peoplo of the United States are most concerned in. They certainly are more concerned in the agricultural products and in live stock, provisions and in that class of commoditics than in anything else. Perhaps the best thing would be to make an experiment and not to undertako to legislato too much and on too many differ- ent subjects. At the same time it scems to me that upon those mentioned it would be proper enough to legislate and fix & maxi- mum as well as a minimum rate. The Chairman—Do you believe your maxi- mum and minimum rates would ‘be of any practical value because of the fact that you would have to fix them so wide apart? Mr. Rosewater—-Yes, sir. I should not think they would necessarily be fixed so wide apart. They certainly would not in- terfere with tho present railroad chargoes. If.for instance, we were making the maximum chargo today for Iowa railroads and we made that the charge for all the railroads 1 the United States, it would have to be a clustic churge. ' supposein New York, sachusetts and Connecticut a rate that would be regarded as very reasonable in Towa as & maximum rate would be extrava- gantly high there. I admit that. At any rate it would limit those people and prevent them from going beyond that amount. eSS At COURIEKS OF CIVILIZATION, o8, Indianapolis Journal. There were threo littlo sturdy boys sat by thelr grandpa’s knoe, And Dlithely plotted out the plans of what their lives should be; The eldest, he of quiet ways. and mild and thoughful face, Declured that when a man he'd go to every heathen race That roamed tho torrid tropic wilds in manner idly rude, And téach to them tho wickedness of being nearly nude. Sharp and shrewd, a "Twill work Up spake the second. cunning kid was he, Says he, "That's just the thing. exceeding well for me. When Willie dear has ~taught those folks habiliments to wear, Of course, they'll have to buy them, and that's when you'll ind me there. T'll sell those heuthen's overcoats, and mufiers and skates, And other things they do not need, and charge them triple rates." The youngest mused a moment, with his chin upon his hand, Then said, “I'll 4s asoldler go to that be- nighted land, And when the natives rise in wrath at Henry's awful rates And show somo signs of lapsing to their former heathen states, Lmporlling tho forcign trade and_ their t- ‘mortal souls, 1l take my little rifle down and fill thom tull of holes.” e PRATTLE OF THE YOUNGSTERS Liwtle Willie (the next morning)—Oh, Uncle Do Tauque, why dida’t you tell me the river was frozen over? Tauque—Eh? What's that? I don't know anything about the river. Tattle Willie—Well, anyhow, papa said you came home last night with your skates on. 'y She—I hear you got a little brotuer for a Now Year's present. Ain't yer glad? He—Naw! She—Did yer want a sistor? He—Naw, [didn't want no brulder nor no sister neider, I wanted s fightn' dorg an’ o pair o' skates! “Georgie, what made vou goover and play with the Smith children when you have mumps and-they have not had them?" *Well, didn’t the Sunday school teacher v that iv's move blessed to give than o re- ceive?” 5 “Why, Willie, do you mean to say you paid 25 cents aplece for theso handkerchiéfst ‘Uhey're nothing but cotton.” “0, o, mamma! They're Mississippi silk. The auctioneer said so0." oy ‘Tommy—1 guess Mrs. Jones must have an awful poor cook. Mamma—Why, dear? Tommy—'Cause she gave me two bieces of her pie. B A Brilliant Intelloci— Peacher—Johnny, in what way did Noah display his wisdom? Johnoy—Went 1 when it was rainin’. o Johnnie (with an 4x)—Fapa, what is a chop house! Papa—It is a house where they have chops. Johnnie (plaintively)—lIs it anything like a woodshed, papat e Willie —Papa, I think I like history twice as much as 1 do arithmetic. Papa—Why do you think sot Willie—Because 1 don't have to figure out the answers, Uncle—Well, Robblohow did you stand at school last term? Robbie—Sometimes with my face in the corner, and sometmes up av the teacher's desk. . *No,” said Mrs. Blivens in reply to her lit- tle daughter’s beseeching for u little sister; “no, we cau't afford & new baby.” “But," persisted the child, “won't the doctor make'a reauction if you take twins?" e L DeWitt's Little Early Risors. safe pills, best pills, B s Dr. Sawyer, tho Universalist divine and late dean of the Tuffts college divinity school, hus just celebrated his $0th birth- day. me has dealt lightly with him. H health and spirits are excellent, his carriage erect, and he retains eutire possession of his fuculties. Small pllls The Best Plaster, For pains in the chest there is nothing better than 4 flannel cloth saturated with Chamberlain’s Pain Balm and bound on over the seat of pain. For sale by druggists. e SUNDAY, LABOR CIRCLES WELLPL l);\Slil)r Oomment on the Aotion of the State Labor Congress, EFFECT OF CERTAIN 'CHANGES MADE Unemployed In New York Now and & Gen- oration Ago—Growlng Strength of the Union of Retail Clerks—Among Those Who Toll The result of the meeting of the Nobraska State Labor congress thas generally given satisfaction in labor efrclos. Itis thought by some that a fow of the resolutions passed might just as well have been left alone, but generally the resoiutions have found favor among the rank and file. The election of Samuel D. Nedroy to the presidency has been received with approval, @8 also the re-clection of Vice President Woodard of Lincoln. Secretary Thacker of Lincoln is well and favorably known in labor circles over tho state, but has nover held many high oftices inlabor organizations. Ho 18 considered thoroughly compotent and it is thought will prove to bo a good worker in the place to which ho was elected. The selection of Julius Meyer as treasuror is certainly a good choice and will give gen- 1 satisfaction. Mr. Meyer has been treasurer of the Omaha Central Lober union for oral years and always has the money in sight when called for. That part of the constitution changing the date of the meesing from Sunday to Mon- day has been commented unon favorably and will be the cause of bringing in somo organ- izations that have heretofore fused to join as long as the state meotings wero held on Sunday. President Nedroy 15 a present mapping out a plan to “organize the state” in accord- ance with the instructions he received from the convention. He expects that before the next meeting he will have several of the smali towns in the state organized and renre- sented in the state federation. He will bo sted in the work of orzanizstion by Mr. J. Reber, one of the Omaha Central Labor union organizers. The change of name to Nebraska State Labor Federation carried with it the proposition to join the Awerican feration of Labor, but it is gencrally ba- lieved that the state federation will be r fused admission directly to the American federntion on account of the afilntion with the Knights of Labor and the Farmers alli- ance. However, admission will be asked, and if refused an attempt will then be mado to bring about a unity of both the great labor organizations, so that the rank and file can work together in harmony. The senti- ment for unity is very strong all over the country, and the probabilities are that a union of all labor forces in America will be accomplished 1n the near future. Unemployed 1n New York, The question of the unemployed in Omaha has now reached a point where something practical is needed to give relief, but it has not yot become such a serious question here as at present in New York City, In that city there are now more than 120,000 men living in enforced idleness, and the perfect order thatis kept and the com- plete lack of disturbances of whatever kind are redounding in a grent measure to the credit of that vast army of unemployed., During the wiuter of 1857. suys the New York Press, there were 35,000 idle people for nearly two months, and they made more troudle than is now experienced by more than threc times that’ numver. During the month of November of 1857, ac- cording to the newspaper reports of that time. the unemployed in New York City began holding mass meet.: ings and demanding work. Resolutions were passed declaring that it was not charity but work that tney demanded. Processions were formed from these meetings and by the hun- dreds and thousands they called upon the officials of the city, demanding that work of some kind be provided for them. They marched on Wall strest and it was found necessary for some time to guard the United States subtreasury with troops. They looted bakeries and butchers’ wagons and the ofticials made haste to sce what could be done. The result was that §250,000 was ap- propriated to be used at once in ious ways to furnish labor for the idle and noth- ing more was heard of the unemployed. By that means the city was saved from what at one time seriously threatened to de- velop into riots and bloodshed on a frightful scale. The kighth Avenue mission of New York is now daily caring for 1,600 unfortu- nates and several other like institutions are caring for a like number. The good order that prevails everywhere over the city is even surprising to the officials, considering the large number out of work. Men of all classes, nationalities, and womeun of all kinds mingle together in their desperate attempts to secure something to eatand keep trom freezing. Still nothing practical has yet been offered by those in power. Retail Ciorks' Union. There is no labor union in the country growing faster at tho present time than is the union of the Retail Clerks of America. Por several years the labor organizers of this country tried in vain to get the retail clerks to organize, but for some reason they would not get together until within the last three years. During the past three yecars 127 unions of clerks have been formed and their total membership now is over 18,000. The retail clerks are enabled to wield a peculiar wfluence, so that whenever they get a start they nearly always, it not always, build up a strong, lavge organization. It s a fashion of all wholesale dealers to *‘stand " with the retail clerks, and a man cannot becomea successful city salesman who is not well liked geneaally by the retail clerks where he sells goods. There are various ways in which an organ- ization of clerks can operate to the advan- tage or detriment of a certain article, and that is by either holding back or pushing out an article that is on the market, and for this reason the clerks’ unions have a special bull on all wholesale houses and can always in this way dispose of a large number of tickets when a ball or entertainment is eiven. This gives them o full treasury, and any one that knows anything about labor organizations knows that the establishing of o full vreasury is the establishing of a strong union, Labor Notes. + England has female bank clerk: Stores close in Jersey City at 6 p. m, Beaver Falls workers demand lower rents. Detroit preachers have organized a union New Haven unions will publish a news- paper. European laborers America. Clevoland iron workers' have been cut 10 per cent. Striking printers at Pjttsburg are being reinstated. Connellsville has 9,000 coke ovens running on full time. d One thousand miners are killed annually in Great Britain, A central labor council has been organized in Portland, Ore. : Meriden (Conn.) Cutléry company cut wages 15 per cent. - - The Galesburg Pavipg Brick company has resumed operations. A co-operative glass mill is to be estab- lished at Parker, Pa. ‘Ihe depression in Canada is tho greatest in the last thirty years. An international workingmen's congress is to be held at Milan, Italy. 'wo New Haven men pald for 1,000 din- ners for the poor on one day. The flint glass workers claim to have won their strike against the trust, The Nashville Presbyterian Publishing company has aropped the union, Street rallway men at and Mich., have been cut 10 per cent, The Pittsburg, Shenango & Lake Erie raiiroad has cut wages 10 per cent. The employes of the Miller piano factory at Waketield, Mass., refused to accept s aré emigrating from Rapids, JANUARY 21, 1891-SIXTEEN PAGES. cut of 20 per cent and the works have closed down Boston garment workers have protested against work being sent out of the city About 1,500 men have been put to work in the Ensign Car works at Huntington, W Six thousanl traveling mon in Miohigan belong to the Commercial Drummers union. The Hartford Contral Labor union has refused admittance to saloon keopers as dele- The Monawk Valley mills have resumed work, giving several hundred hands enploy- mont Twenty-seven local organizations resented in the New faven Central union, Every circular printed in Maogeburg, Gor- many, 1ust be approved by the police before listribution. District assembly No. 145 of Texas will hold a distriot meeting at Marictta, Tex., anuary 23 The watch case mill at Sag Harbor, Conn,, has rosumed operations and s now running on full time, A cigar maker at Marysville, Mo., has in- herited §20,000. 1t was left by a relative in Switzerland The mechanics at Mare Island navy yard have had their wages reduced from 25 to 50 cents por day. The Building Trades council of Boston has decided by resolution to take independent political action, The employes of the New York and Cleve. land Coal company have received a raise of 5 cents per ton The weavers state convention last week posed labor laws. Victory Cotton mills at Schuylerville, have made a second reduction of 10 per cent in wages. The Greenwood Cotton company of Win- stoad, Conn.. employing 1,700 hands, has shut down indefinitely The American Railway union has estab- lished a paper culled the Railway Times. It is published in Chicago. Order of Railway Conductors No. 120 meets today at 2 o'clock p. m. in Patterson’s hall, 1623 Farnam street. A woavers' co-operative Materno, Spain, owns a mill, and fifty tenement houses. Government ownership of tho telegraph system will be debated today by the New Haven Central Labor union, The Pittsburg Steel Casting company's plunt at Pittsburg is again in operation, giv- ing employment to 600 men. The Tacoma Trades council debated wi the Chamber of Commerce against reduc in salaries of city employes. Ed J. Lynch of local assembly No. 4,838 has written a book entitled “Discontent Among the Working Claszes.” ‘Wheeling unions want an election held so that the city may have a chance to vote vonds to aid the glass mdustr) The weavers in the employ of Adams Bros., .at Paterson, N have struck against a reauction of 50 cents per week, The exccutive oficers of the various rail- road unions lately held a meeting in Chicago to discuss methods to be adopted n the fu- ture. The Singerly pulp and paper works of Elikton, Md., which have been ciosed down for ibout two months,have started up again with full force. On account of tho employes refusing to accept a 85 per cent reduction in wages the Riverside Iron and Steel company at Ben- wood, W. Va., has closed down iudefinitely. A working girls' Knights of Labor assem- bly, composed of laundry workers at Cleve- land, O., has established a laundry which is now the only union laundry in the city. The general assembly of the Knights of Labor has ordered that all leccal assemblies shall attach themselves to a dis- urict, state or national trades assembly. Employes of government railways in Hol- land pay 1 per cent of thoir Wages to a pen- sion fund and during illness they receive two-thirds of their regular salary for four months. The executive committee ot the American league, & new organization, comprising Wharton Barker, T. V. Powderly, Henry Carey Baird and others, has submitted its declaration of principles. It demands, among other things, legislation that will prevent tho aggression of concentrated capital, pro- tect American labor against European and Asiatic labor, give adequate subsidies to American shipping, remove protective du- ties from imported articles which domestic trusts have monopolized, establish on a per- manent basis the unrestricted use of gold and_silver as moncy, prohibit tae salo of public lands to aliens, and the immigration of undesirable foreigners. o rep- Labor of Massachusotts held a to discuss pro- society at club house Work nnd Wages Abroad. A Persian cook can earn $3.22 a month. A teamster in Peru makes $12 per week. A weaver in Germany receives 60 cents a day. ,i native painter in India earns 40 conts & day. A mule driver in Morocco earns 10 cents a day. A boss mason in Ceylon can earn $3.20 per weelk. Farm laborers in Belgium receive 46 cents a day. A printer in Peru can make $1.25 to $1.80 a day. A railroad conductor in Turkey gets $27 a month. A Mexican mason earns from 75 cents to $1a day. A blacksmith in Jerusalem can make $1.92 per week. Policemen in Saxony receive $201 a year as salary. The king of Bavariahas a salaryof $1,412,- 000 8 ye A thrasher in Turkey can command 40 cents a d Shop givls in France receive an averageof $100 per vear. An engraver in Rio de Janeiro can $12 per week. Music teachers in Hamb cents an hour, Teachers in Hamburg receive from $11 to $25 per month, Bookkeepers in Germany receive from 300 to $500 4 year. A camel owner and his beast in Palestine are worth $1 a day. Fig pickers in Asia Minor, if skillful, ; can make 20 cents a day. A confectioner in Venezuela can earn from $12 to $16 per month, In Mexico seamstresses are paid 87 conts a day; weavers, 50 cents. A hido splitter in Persia can make, in busy seasons, 32 cents o day. A Constantinople porter,if business is good, can make $3.17 a week. Railroad clerks 1n Germany are paid an average of 52 cents a day. Switchmen in Saxony consider themselves well paid with $175 a year. Teachers in the Mexican public schools are paid §50 1o $40 4 month. A female tackmaker in France is fortunate if she makes $1.10 per week. Waiters in Turkey, if they have good places, can make $17 a month, Builders in London receive 2 weck and work fifty-two hours, Mantuamakers, with skill and experience, can make §2 per week in Bavaria., Glasgow shipbuilders receive 16 shillings o week and work fifty-four hours. Freight handlers on the Prussian railroads make an average of 52 cents u day. A plumber in St. Petersburg is paid $12 per month with board; a baker, §.60. A skillful cigarmaker in Germany can make an averago of $2.86 per week, A laborer in Syria pays $15 per yearas rent and 89 taxes to the government, A Afghan shawlmaker earns 48 cents a day and works from sunrise Lo sunset. Bookbinders in Edinburgh receive 24 shil- Lings & week and work fifty-four hours. Suxon firemen aro paid $235 per annum; the chief gets §850 and a house to live in. Cashiers 1n the stores of Smyrna, Turkey, receive an average salary of §14 per week. The average weekly wages paid to temale laborers of all clas: in Germany is §2.17. Native laborers in Palestine work for 15 cents & day and pay all their own expenses. Female servants in the Azores “‘who have their own clothes” receive $1.05 per month In Strasburg bricklayers are paid $4.15 per week of sixty hours; hodcarriors, 3,21, Women coalcarriers at the Lisbon docks make are paid 21 shillings a Do you know sesem-- there's money to be saved ? Ve We're satisfied to let all profit go—in order to keep our tailors busy-—during the few weeks —Dbetween seasons It's our way of cleaning up all—Remnants—odd lengths, etc, Our large and increasing trade expect to find a fresh and clean stock every season and they're not disappointed either. It pays us to do it—or else how could we offer such tempt« ing prices as: Trousers—-o/s,—$4.60-$5.65-$0.90 About—one-half—the price usuvally asked for garments of equal value, It's our big business and small profit plan that makes it possible, Cash Only receive 30 cents a day; male coalcarriers 80 cents, The regular salary of the superintendent of a Cuban sugar plantation is $100 a month. Class teachers in Prussiap schools receive £392.70 as an annual salary; female teachers, 285,00 A cood in Ceylon is vaid $3.50 a month; a nurse the same; a coachman, $4; a gar- dener, $3. In the Azores waiters in hotels “who have their own clothes” can command wages of §2 per week. A Swiss silk-ribbon weaver regards him- self as fortunate if he averages 43 ceuts a day the year round. English contractors for army clothing pay 14 pence for making trousers aud 20 pence a dozen for army caps. In the Russian glass works the laborers earn from $56 to 36 per vear, with food and lodging in the works. The average annual carnings of laborers in Denmark is $153 to &214; of general me- chanics, §240 to $208. 5 The wages of female servants in Prussia range from $1423 to $71.40 per year; of males, $23.80 10 # Ina German sewing machine factory a male employe earns $142 to $214 a year; a woman, $47.60 to $119. The lowest wages in Europe are paid in Italy. A baker there makes $4 ver week, & tailor $4.50, a painter £. Clerks mn wholesale and retail stores in Dusseldorf receive from §) to $14 a month; women clerks from 37 to §10. Housemaids in England receive an average of 8 shillings & weok as wages, together with their food and lodgings. In the Krupp gun works at Essen there are 10,000 men employed, and the average daily wages paid are 51 ceuts. Bank clerks in Germany receive from $142 to §1.100 salary. ¥or the first three or four years they serve without pay. An agricultural laborer in India is sup- posed to receive 5 cents a_day, but in gen- eral his wages are not so large. German editors receive an average of $0.75 salary per woek; proof readers, $5.22; compositors, $3.00; the devil gets §1.42, An Italinn miner receives 8 shillings a week ; a cotton mill hand, 105 a dyer, 12; a stone cutter, 13; a mason, 14; a tailor, 12, Plowmen and reapers in Bohemia are paid 30 cents a day. femules ewployed at the same labor receive 20 cents, neither board or lodg- ing being furnished, Farm laborers in are engaged by the year with a bit of land. They receive 9 c in winter and 10 cents in summer. A German female farm hand, employed in hoeing the fields, receives 12 cents to 17 cents a day, with schnapps at 9 o'clock, potatoes and coffee at noon, and black bread and beer at 4. Almost all kinds of labor are paid twice as well in Paris as in the departments of France; bakers in Paris make 67 pence a day, in the departments, 85 vence. carpenters 83 pence and 43 pence respec- ively. most parts of Germany and have a cottage nts a day —— and bilwusness with DeWirt's Little Karly Risers. Sl CONNUBLALLLLES, court is achieving court for matri- A Kansas City d fame as & recancitiation monial misfits. One young married logician tries to prove that women live longer than men because they require so much more time to say good- bye. A matrimonial eyclone struck Clarksville, Tenn., on the 16th. Two elopements and three ordinary weddings was the day's record. Sympathetic Widow—Have you been for- tunate in_your love affaivs? Interesting Subject—Yes, very. I never yet fell in love with a girl who would marry me. = There are 3,000,000 bachelors in this country who are over 80 years old, yet we boast of the gallantry of our Awerican gen- tlemen, They should be dealt with. (irace—And 80 you are really going to marry that widow, after allt And I hear you 8re gOWg to give up smoking. Car- ruthers—Yes, o mutual agreement; sho gives up ber weeds and 1 give up mine. Themarriage of Mrs. Willlam Lawrence Breeso to Henry Vincent Higgius,of London, England, whose engagement was announced a few weoks ugo, will take place on Tuesdny, Jauuary 80, in Columbus, O., where is the home of her father, George Pursons Charles W, Pennock of Reading, Pa., res- cuea Miss Gussie L. Coxe from drowning at Atlantic City last summer. The wedding took place in Brooklyn last weok., In addi- tion to charms of mind and person, the bride inherits a snug fortune, Mrs. Backbay: What a solemn thing it is for two people to wed; to cleave toono another till * death them do part, Mrs. Jackson-Parke Isn't it, though? I'm mighty glad that foiks don’t have to marey ou any such cast iron conditions nowadays. Mr, George Wray aud wife of Gallatiu, < 2@ 15th. ———— TAILOR 5o Do not go elsewhere, and take chances of get- ting inferior work, when you can get such fine and artistic productions at reasonable prices at HIGH-CLASS PHOTOGRAPHY. 313, 815, 817 So. 15ta St, 0mu1L Take Elevator. Between Farnam and Harney. DOCTOR == SEARLES & SEARLES, SPECIALISTS N MALL, ation Free, ,NERVOUS AND PRIVATE DISEASES stamp for clroulars ymptom blanks. Dr, Searles and Searles, 113 souh towh se. First stairway south of postoiee, roow 7. Tenn., celebrated the sixty-tifth anniversary of their marriage on the 17th. ‘They ara aged 85 and 83 rospectively and seemed to enjoy the affair very much. Thore wers over 100 present, consisting ot children, grandchildren and great-grandehildren. Lillisn Russotl s to be wedded again, Sha is tired of living alone, and in Holy week she announces that she will experiment with matrimony for the third time. Sig. Perug- ini, who blays Chicos, the tobacco planter, w “Princess Nicotine,”'is the man who hag won tho fair songstress' affections this time, After mpHalifax minister had married a young couple the other day the groom took an envolope from his pocket, und, looking significantly av tho clergyman, laid it on the table. When the couple had gone the good man opeued the envelope to seo the size of his fee. He was surprised to read on the piece of paper enclosed the penciled words: "0 see you later.” —— How to Cure L Grippe. About a year ago I took a violent attack of la grippe. "1 coughed day and night for about six weoks; my wifa then suggested that I try Chamberlain’s Cough Remedy. At first I could see no difference, but still kept taking it, uno soon found that it wus what I needed, If I gotuo relief from one dose I took another, and it wasonly a fow days until I was free from the cough. I thick people in general ought o know the value ot this remedy, and 1 tako pleasure in nckuowl: edging the benefit I have reecived from it. Madison Mustard, Otway, O. 25 and 50- cent bottles for salo by druggists. . — Pop, does ma pull teeth? Tome my's Pop—Not that I r-heard of. Why do you ask, my boy? Tommy--'Cause [ heard ber tell Mrs, Tattlotale that it was Just like pulling teeth to get money out of you, Tommy e Pills that cure sick headacne: Latule Early Risc - Prof. D, [I. Hill of the State Agricultural and Mochanical Colloge of North Carolina declines tho offer of the presidency of the colloge in Arkuansas of whnich his father, the late General D, H. Hill, was president. - Paper can bo made from the standiug treq in 4 space of twenty-four hours, DeWitv's