Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, January 1, 1894, Page 6

(] PROGRESS OF IRRIGATIOY Oomprehensive Paper on the Subject by Judge Emory of Kansas. ITS ONWARD MARCH IN THE GREAT WEST Bofora the Country Can 15e Thoroughly De- veloped the Crobiem of W the Lands Must Lo Settled—Methods and Expected Results. The following paper was read by Jude Smo! lecturer of the National [rrigation s8, before the state irrigation conven tion atv North Platte: At the closeof tha first half tury the great army of western immig was resting on the western boundary lines of four states—lowa, Missouri, Arkansas and Lowsiana—and one territory, Minnesota: eycepting o sparse population in ‘Texas, the Mormon settlernent at Salt Lake and the crowded gold diggings on the Pacilie coast, the entire country west of those lines was uninhabited, save by the Indians and Mexi- cans. The whole transi than half of all ou was o land without o almost without law, Indiuns with rescrvations and without reservations owaned and held country, To the nation at large it w deed 4 incognita, Our geographors told us u was somewhere a Ameri can desery lymg cast of the footnills of the mountains, But what the countr, it was agriculvural or support a dense or a whether it was rich in minerals and precious ores or not; whetner it was of o humid ora dry climate, all such questions had never been askea or considered by tho American people as a whole. W { been enjoying so large and fertile an unoccupied praivie conntry in the eastern partof the Mississipp valley, in which the western tide of immigration had found ample rcom for home making, thad no thought had been given to the sunset side of the DMissouri rviver, Men neither knew, nor greatly caved to know, what the transmissouri country was, 80 long as ther f good larmil lands in th dy settleq, to had at government prices. California came 1nto the union in the last year cf the first half of the century, without ever huving been an orgavized territory. Utah and New Mexico had been erected into the territorial forms of government this same year, while Oregon had been made a ter littie earlier; and those three were all'tho territories at that time organized west of the Missouri river. Eventiul Year in Western Annals, This year of 1850 was a notable year. Two mighty forces were working to extend sottlements farther west. These were (st) the demand of the slave power for more room into which to_extend that institution, and (20) the discovery of rich gold felds on the coust, two years earlier, the compromise measure making possible ' such extension having passed this year and become a law “Ihe public conscience of the north immedi- ately became aroused. The Kansas-Ne- braska bill, four years later, carving out two territories across the advance line, then held by the great army of impending ' immi- gration, and opening these two territories to slavery, if the settlors might so elect, came out of ‘the agitation which followed this compromise measure of 1850, “These two forces, the slavery agitation and the gold discovery in California, caused a sudden and & mighty rush of the home- kers and the goldseekers, with the slavery propagan districts in the lead, that advance line. It was the rush of an army of young men, filled with high hopes for gain, and with patriotic determinations to stay the tide of slavery from ever setting foot across the Missouri river. ‘Tnis_army suddenly broke camp and ina day Kunsas and Nebraska wero occupied and settled cominunitie All this is now history, thirty-nine years old. At that time we supposed, and the nation supposed, that Nobrask but prolongation westward of Towa; that Kansas was only Missouri extended across the river: that the whole vast “Mediterranean rogion, as M. Sumuer used to call 1t, from the Mis souri river to the mountains, us well as from the mountains to the waters of the Pacific, s only the western side of the republic vicher and faiver, Arid Ameri emi-arid America am. The region was new, was virgin, was above all, inviting, Web! ster had applied to it the “hizher law" doc- wrine—that it was not adapted to slave lavor. Go all over that long debate, over i1s opening up for settiement, and you will find no word as to its boing arid, sterile and dry. 1t has takeu us forty years to discover this and to find out its real churacter. We kuew some parts of it was rich in gold. We knew it _embraced the big mountains of North America; knew that it was the land of hope and great expectatious. The new popul tions began to overrun it and settle it up, little anticipating those new conditions that today stare us in the face, as huge obstacles in the way of agricullural development, that Wo now scek to surmount and overcomo by methods of irvigation. Wouderfal Dovelopment, We then set about founding states, ercet- ing territories, laying out towns, building cities, constructing railronas and extending law and order over half a contineat, Since that time we have added thirteen sovereign states to the union, and still have the two territories formed forty-threo years ago, Utah and Now Moxico, over which thers was such a political upheaval, with the young territory lying between Kansas and Texas on the south and Arizona on tho e tremo southwest. We have given away to railroads, out of the public domain, lands enough to muke an empive. We have formu- Iated land policics on a lavish scale, as if the limits of our public possessions never could be reached, or the public domain never would be exhausted. bid has been the sottlement of this newer west; in 80 short a time have we oy run this half a continent, that, today, stand- ing within a trifio over six years of “the close of this century, with only four territories loft, aside from Alaska—that northwest earnor of snow and ico which Mr. Seward declared would yet bo the great ship-yard of the world—we ure brought face to face with a condition of things wholly undreamed of or anticipated a generation ago. We, during the last fow years, have made a discovery. To most men this discovery has been 4 now thing under the sun.” “That discovery is, t forty years ago we began to settlo the arid half of this western continerit, and did not kuow that it was the arid half. Possibiy to iml in Nebraska—certainly to some of us in Kansus—it has only dawned within the fow years lust passed, that great fact that half aud more than half of these two states must be artificially ated to insure, one year with unothe; crops to tho farmers We have been unwilling all along to admit this, or even to really think it. Wo have often been told by bookmen and newspaper. men that an increased rainfall was goin woest fast as the settlement of the coun- iry went wosi—an idea long since discarded by close observers. Marking the Arid Reglons, But somo ten years ago the Washington government took down its map and ordered a blue line up from near the moutb of the Rio Grandeon the Gulf of Mexico at its westernmost poin eross the whole map to the British possessions closely following the 100th meridian, and then ofticially announced to the world that all the ter ritory 1yl west of that line, with slight exceptions on the north Pacific coast, was an arid region, and that agriculture could not bo carried on in all that district excepy by irvigation. The government also informed us that two-fifths of all of Uncle Sam's dominion, excepting Alaska, lay west of that line. Tho govern. ment also told us that sufficient voom could be provided there o make homes for from 75,000,000 to 150,000,000 of population if frri gation was resorted to. This official annauncement, confirming the discovery first mado by the people, to which 1have just alluded, substantially, of this same fact, has brought on what is to pass i0to hastory us the greatest economic discus. slon we can ever have No fact is today with us so pregnant of future results, so fur reaching and so poten tial fu transforming our civihzation west ot $ho Mississippi river, as this fact of irriga B congr of thiscen- ration ssouri region—more domain at that time nization and land Indians the s in veally was, whether not hether it would sparse population e tion. Tt lifts itself up right in the pathway of our national proeress throughout evi ate and territory of arid Amer ana it Yemands a hearing. And the strango thing about it fs that irrigation 1s itself a new word to the American people, when, in fact artificlal wetting of the soil Lias always been vesorted 1o in dry clim Some men hayve no faith that an, ever come out of arid_districts idea of reclaiiming arid lands appears to such men only an idle dream. ‘They nsk, “Whero are you going to get the water?” as if that was an end of all argument. But such people either have not read history at all or they have read it wih their preju good can The very | dices ana not with their eyes. Civilization Korn of irrigntion. Human history began in arid lands, Civili zation first appearcd in regions that required artificiul irrigation to insure good crops. Says a high authority “The earlic agri e.lture of Burope, Asin and Afriea began in urid lands, Everywhero throughout habitable globe t! first agriculture began in arid lands, and t! first comparatively lense populations were found everywhere in regions where the heavens refused sufticient moisture tor crops to grow." s remark able truth has even been called by this same high authority “the paradox of human his- tory Groat rezions, under plains; in dry you first find beauty in art and oriental splendor festations. Dey and veen all along the hom highest and best development., This is the order of nature herself. And the reason is asimpleone. In a state of savagery man- kind found 1tself unequal to the task of con- quering mnature in her original strength Leading by simpls methods ater from the vanuing brooks and rivers outon the dry and open plains was far easier than fell- ing trees and uprooting vigorous plants in humid soils, Man. then as now, always does the casiest thing to be done to get s bread. Frow such humble beginnings agri- culture grew by degrees. Human society alweys dependent on agriculture, grow with , hénce the historical fact that the great nations of antiquity allare to be found on arid soils, uud the great armies of antiquity narched and counter-marched across arid plaivs. e But some remark accomplished 2 T answe by various methods, You would not wrigate the third part of Texas that lies west of the dry lme I spoke of us you would gcreat plains or the tlat valleys of the tte or the Arkansas. Some portions of arid ‘Texas have artesian basins like the Dakotas, while the great plains and these two valleys do not have such basins as will make flowing wells, bore as deep as you will Some ivrigation will bo by artesian_boring as the French are now doing in Algeria. There the whole system of agriculture is by artestan wells sunk in sand, and the produc: tion in that country of ecrapes is muking it the wine vineyard of the world. A second method of irvigation is to be by the storage of storm waters that now run to wste. ‘Lhis they are beginning to do in California, the running waters having bee generally appropriated alr And thig is the way we do ineveryth 1se. It is ply to save what wo have 0%, wast 1t'is only using the greatlaw of ecenomy, as that law applics to water as well as any thing clse. - Build rescrvoirs—big and little but build them anywhere, and so save store up the storm waters before they off. “The grea arid regions, are fectod system Of this I first built in rainless skies; on trecless cour Che world over in thirsty lands form and you first find temple building in its thousand mani arid countries have of mankind, in his citles were torrid s, w to Go About It “How is ir e, in var run t plains, and very much of all our to ve irrizated by a per- of storm water storage have mo doubt. The signs of tho times all pomt to that method. Immense. undertakings, in building huge reservoirs, are now on foot all over arid America 1predict that by and by no water, falling on our highest mountain peaks, will ever got to the sea until it shall have done duty, many times, in irrigating our dry lands, upon which will e found the densest populations on this continent. Cousider the Mojawe desert, a dreary reach of sana and sage brush, with high mountains skirtivg its sides for hundreds of miles as vou ride towards tho setting sun. Theso mountains I like to regard as put there for a wise puyfiose in the service of man. They seom to’be watersheds, or catchment arcas, down whoso sides for untold ages waters have guilied and worn_ deep chasms and val- leys in their mad rush for the sandy plains below, only to pass over these plains in & day or an hour, carrying destruction and loss of property vhand. Is this always to coutinue? Smee it has been most conclu- sively demonstrated in California that water and sand will produce anything that the climate will aliow to grow it is time that big reservoirs be put 1 along the foot of these mountains, and these waters impounded to oe drawn out as needed for agricultural pur- poses. And this will be done before the boy now running on your streets grows to be a man. That very sandy desert’ will becomo the home of dense populations. all to be brought about by irrigating through the use of storm wate In fact, measures arc on foot to begin the beneficient work of impounding the waste waters of these mountains; and when led by ditches out onto the sandy plains, Mojave desert will be like = scuthern California—a place for happy homes, in- stead, as now, the dreariest spot almost on the continent By Water Li ting, The third way of irrigating will be by waterdifting. ‘The water under our feet is t bo brought to the surface. This will necd a cheap power. Wind, stqam and elec- tricity ave to be the agents AffotNing us this power. ‘Tako your great Platte valley. It was oncoa deep canyon through which waters van. Now it 5 a canyon filled up with sund and gravel—filled up so much like the Arkansas valley and so high that much of the land lymz between the two rivers is lower than that along their banks. This depth of s, ravel is like a sponge, full of water, which s to be lifted and used for irrigation, My own notion is that the aze of steam is passing and the age of electricity is coming, and this latter is to do our work for us and istobou cheap power. Already Niagara Falls is being got ready to make electrieity for ligating, heating and doing the work for the whole Empire state, The canal boats even are to be run by this azent, we are told. Aud why shall not the coming be the century of electricity as ours s been the century of steam, a Loisterous, noisy age, as tnat will be tho silent, but powerful age? Electricity will go to vour flelds and plow your ground, 1ift water to moisten grow. iug crovs, reap your wheat and taen thresh itand carry it to the world's market. And even stranger things than these will it do for man in the new century. ~ Why, the other day 1 vode in a car up tho' side of a mountum, 8500 feet hwn, at an angle of sixty degrecs, drawn by the elees trical current. It was tike viding on u rail- road up a stecp hill, but thero was no uoise, Il as still but powerful 1 think you will establish a power pla 4 township or a county in this Platte valley, and generate electricity for pumping water on every man's farm in that township ov un All signs in the scientific world are pointing thut way. I'hey have already sur- veyed the lino for a railroad in the canyon of the Colorado river deep down 4,000, 5,000 or 0 foot below the surface, to be un by eloctri y and th to be generated by the running waters of that mighty stream. "The fourth way of irrigation will be by using all river witters, which is beiug larely done now in some parts of arid Amervica—in fuct most running waters are more or less claimed private or corvorate property alreaay nt in Prevent Wasto by Fires. 1™ A fifth aid to irrization will be the preven tion of all prairie fires and all burning of mountain forests. This is o most important factor in the water saving probiem. Man himself is making no impression on the for- ests of this country, according to Major owell's statement I'hese forests grow aster than man has heretofore cut them, but the wanton waste by fire has been enormous, Ho says: “I liave scen one fire in Colorudo destroy more timber than has been used by man from the immigration to Prke's Pealc up to the present time, and bave seen several such fires in Colorado.’ “Tno geographical work of our survey is cut off during the very dry months by smoke. In the last twenty years onc-half of the timber has been burned, In southern France you will see today digging holes on their mountain and s lng out trecs and wheelbg loads 1o cover the roots of these trecs. I'ranco is reforesting her mountains today, und arid America will be doing the same thing inside of ten years 1 next pass Lo motice what is to be the them sides unloading dirt in THE ()\IAH atlon to our Uncle Sam to Washington government's re subject. Some men expect jerigate this western country for them to male homes in. [ do not, nor do 1 ask it. But 1 do look to the general government to give us a proper system of laws under the wise protection of “which irrigation may be vied on by the people. | on irrigation and reclamation of arid lands in f1s report whero it says: “The reclama tion must be initiated and oxecuted by the peo and [ want our government to do what that committes said {t ouzht to do, and said this three and a half yearsjago. These are their words “The government must demonstrate them the practicability before they will have the courage or can command the means to prosecute the work on any considerable scale.” And they wisely ada: “There is still another means of irrigation, which the people Memselves will no doubt adopt, to some extent, and that is the storage of storm waters in small ponds and lakes.,” ~And they further say: ‘It may be useful to the govern- ient hereafter 1o bore some experi mental wells in the other states and territo- ries.” And this is only ig that the gen eral government should make an irrigation survey on o large and liberal scale. Some- thing in this line has been done already and 147 reservoiv sites have been surveyed and grogated has 88, Colorado 40, Montana_ %7, New Mexico 89, Nevada 2 These 147 reservoirs will_ hold water enough to irrigate almost 2,000,000 acres of land, as much as Arizona, Idaho and Nevada had irvigated in 1500, The way is now open for private capital to take hold and build any ne of these reservoirs. Accurate surveys a1 be made 5o as to_determine whether ‘it will pay to do this. Some will be made more profitable than others, No single reservoir is to be found on the Kansas or Nebraska mups, What the Government May Do. As to the duty and power of the Wash- ton governmient in_the premises, T wish to give you Senator Vilas' views when he was secretary of the interior in Cleveland's first term. e says: ‘It is believed to be possible, by an_undertaking on a scale of adequate grandeur, to sicze the waters of the Missouri and its tributaries, ata proper distance from their sourcos, and not only to apply them to the reclamation of the arid ds in the upper region, but there hlso to benefit the agricultural térritories adjacent to its lower currents, and even to mitigate tho severity of the effects of the floods of the Mississippi unon the agricultural lands of the borvler.” *When the products of this inquiry shall ‘be at command, it may be anticipated that there = will ~ be disclosed . proper opportunity for an experimental attempt to. estab- lish in some region of the country such a system of storage supply, and of canals and othier conduits for irrigation, as shall afford apractical solution of the merits and ad- itages of governmental interposition of this character.” The director of the United States geologi- cal survey says in this same line of thought: 0 storé up the waters of the Missouri and its main affluents for the purpose of irrig tion is to diminish the volume of that flood of the lower Mississippi, which is most de- structive by means of its occurring in the heart of the farming For ev acre reclaimed to agr n Montana, another acre will be reclaimed in Louisiuna, and, in general, all lands reclaimed by wrri® gation in the great plains will be equaled by the land redcemed from floods in the great valley of the lower Mississippi.” Here are clear intimations, made by two ofticers of the government, that national aid can and ought to be given to irrigasion in the upper end of the semi-arid belt Homes for the Homelest. the 8 But I wish tolift my plea for irrigation to a higher plane—the “economic plane. need to reclaim arid America to make ot for the homeless and to provide lands_ for the landless. The call for this is imperative, and the demand, coming up from that great 'my of young men who want farms, is abso- lute, We are now entering here in the United States upon what is called by schol- ars and thinkers, “‘the world crowding pro- » We have not mow so much room to the man as we once had. Our young men and our young women are rushing off to our citie Notwithstanaing the extremesu ends of our wide dominions have been brought together and made one compact political community by moans of our in- creased and muitiplied ways and methods of travel and transportation—our big cities have become congested aud overcrowded. In the ten years from 1850 to 1800, our city population‘iucreased 61 per cent, while our country population only increased cent. ~ In that same ten years, of our states actually lost in their population. Small” farms wero and run together into larger these were allowed to grow up with trees, or turned into pasture lands, ‘That well known prediction of the brilliant historian McCauley, that we should _some day have our Manchesters and our Birminghams, in which there would be hundreds of thousands of men out of work, when the test of the strength of our form of government would be seen and felt, has already come to pass. We have such crowded centers today. New York adds 50,000 souls every year to her vopulation. Chicago has of late yoars grown at even a more rapid rate. = The same thing is observed over the seca. France can feed herself, England caanot, One week’s blockade of her ports would mean, not suffering, but absolute starvation to millions of human bein Three hundred and fifty more persons lic down in bed every night in London than rise up in the morning. Thirty per cent of her population are helow the poverty line. In Glasgow, where 20,000 fumilies live in single rooms, aud in Paris and in all the great cities of the continent, much the same results are obtaining. year by year. There is said to be one acre in New York city that holds more human beings than any other acre in the world. Students and statisti- cians, to say nothing of our modern politicians — and the average congress- man, for these men mever think much, if they do they don't thini straight, arc pondering over this alavming filling up of the cities. They fear, and justly too, that the citios will b tho political ahd the social storm centers of our times, boding only evil to the peace and prosperity of the whole people. Within these cities labor and capital center, and always with the advan- tage on the side of capital, because it is law in economics that as you mass labor you weaken it, but as you mass capital you streogthen 1t, Our public domain of good lands is gone. Old Ben Wade, before he died, said by 1900 all our good furming lands would be worth £0 an acre. And Senator Plumb, fifteen years afterward, said every good coru acre of land by 1900 would be worth 8100, Our unoceupied public dor as been an outlet, not only for our own home- seekers, with those from foreign lands, but also for'all our restless, uncasy and disap- pointed clesses 0 west and start agal Las been the cry that hus averted many eco- nomic catastrophies, varlyle was a philos- opher when he said of us. *“The reagon ver laboring fulk ave so happy is thot yo have a vast deal o' land fora verra few people,” The only cure for this congested state of our cities, and this prospect for hizh pric lands for homes. is to bo found 1n the e solution of the irrigation question. country deserted arms, and lway rly In Its Moral Respect, But [ lift plane: Lot us consider subject from the plane of a progressive and high moral, social und iutelleetval de velopment, Herbert Spencer suys he thinks *Americans may reasonably look forward tume when wo will have produced o civilization grander than any the world has known,” It is now fifteen y this of us: “America what we are now. the household of the world, the employer of all employed, becauso her service will be tho most able The census of 1800 shows that we are today the wealthiest of all nations. Montesquiew declures “that superiority of climate is the most powerful of empires and gives guaranty alone of future develop: ment.” This superiority of climate cul- minates on the Pacific coast, as we all know Dr. Brice, the eminent English commenta tor upon ¢ institutions, says of us this “Nature and time seem to have couspired to make the development of the Mississippi valley and the Pacific coast an achieve ment, the easiest, the swiftest and the com: pletest in tho whole record of the civilizing progress of mankind since the founder of the Egyptian monarchy gathered the tribes of the Nile under govornm Aud he fur- ther adds: “Tho confidence of tuese westerns is superb. What Duro to Asia; what England is to the balance of Europe; what tne United States is England; what the western states and my argument to a yet higher the aspeet of our rs since Gladstone said wiil probably become head servant in the is fully agree with | United Stutes senate committee | to | A liAI]5! BEE& MONDAY, JANUARY 1, 1894. ritories aro lrvlhv\"i!:mllc states, the heat and stir and presshrb of 1ife, always Increas- ing as wo follow the path of the sun.” These soveral opimiens uttercd concerning the west by such gmnent thinkors, all point to future soc #ied moral supremacy in arid America. If, ap Spencer says, Auieri- cans may look forWifd to the nchiovement of the highest and best civilization the world has ever known, | ask in what part of America is this t4 take place? Dr. Brice has answered my question whon he says, ‘the heat and stir-and pressure of life all croase as you approach the Paciflc coast.” So 1 am apt 10 say¥hat. tho immediate solu tion of the frrigation question will bring in that glad day, dreamed of in all the past and predicted by this forminable array of great names OMAHA LIVE STOCK MARKETS. Close of the Year Finds Recelpts Somewhat Lighter than nnds. Sarurpay, Dec. 30, The week, month and year close today with light receipts of all kinds of stock, barely 100 cars all told. Receipts tor the week have been unusually light, even for the holiday season. The figures are as follows Cattle. Hogs. Sheep, 8,243 15,190 5,351 16 4 2,1 8 cattic received during 1893 fully 96 per cent sold on the market and the 4 per cent that went through were made up largely of feeders, distillery cattie, ete., not even offe Buyers here at the yards tooi careof 908 per cent of the hog receipts and 70 per cent of the sheop received. The market has readily re- sponded to the increased demands made upon it the past year,and not only has cinehed third placo as a live stock movket but made sccond place a little nearer. Cattle Dealers Foel Better. Receipts for the past month nave also been comparatively limited, but the whole of tho year's receipts show very substantial gain over previous years. The figures are as follows: Recelpts this weel Receipis last wook Suu K Hoas 105, CATTLE. SHERP, Receipts for Dec seeipts for 1503 ts for 1892 bts for 1891 The old year goes out with everybody ling in cattle feeling a little better.” This be only a_temporary feeling, however, dué to the coutinued light receipts, It is a f: nevertheless, Fresh supplies were lighter than they have been for nearly five wmonths, With the week's supolies 5,000 lighter than t week or a ycar ago the dressed beef men were compelled to have some cattle, With active competition the very limited offerings soon changed hands at prices averaging fully a diwe higher than F'riday; good to choice 1,200 to peeves selling at from #4 to $4.40, to pretty decent 900 to 1,200-1b s at from 83,40 to and_common stuff, odds and ends down to &3, After the dull trade of the entire week today's snappy market was a big velief. Prices are quotably anywhere from 10¢ to 25¢ better than the close of last week on decent beef grades. The cow market, Ifke the trade in fat cat- tle, was active and stronger. Offeriugs ' meager and the demand good from the 1 kil The movement was free and es ruied anywhere from stroug to 10c and 15¢ higher than, Friday. Thin canners sold down s low, a5 b, and choive fat cows sold up to €330, Fair to good butchers’ cows, however, sold very largely av from §2.15 Comuion” large to very good veal calves sold at from $2.50 to $4.75, or fully steady prices, and the market for rough stock of all kinds was active and firm, common to very good bulls, oxen and stags selling at from $1.65 up to 83,2, The stocker and feeder trade the past week wus somewhat restricted, more, how ever, from the shortage in supplies’ th from any dearth of buyers. In fuct the meager offerings ldve caused prices to ad- vance shirply, whila the low prices prevail- ing a week ago had a tendency to bring in pleaty of country. buyers. Prices for fair to good teeders nre “iU¢ to 15¢ better than week ago and the supply fails considerably short of the demand. Good to cnoice fecders are quoted at$3 to$3.60, fur to good at $2.70 to $3 and lighter grades at from $2.70 down. 610,002 Hog Supplies Short, “There 1s no question as to what caused the 15¢ advance in hog values this week. 1t was the short supplies. The question is what the short supplies. Is there an ¢ of hogs in the country o is the country trying to bull the market by holding back the hogs? Packers are still complaining of the disparity of hog and hog product values, but with present light re- ceipts it is hard to lower hog prices, while tho fact that there is no strength or activity in provisions, in spite of the unusually licht stocks on hand and a further decrease in western packing so far this year of nearly 00,000 hogs, further comphcates the situa- tion. The Cincinnati Price Current says: Tho holiday period naturally intorferes to some extent with marketing operations, but other causes have had something to do in_oc- casioning the light movement, simoug them a reluctunce in muny instunces to meet current values und an_inclination to take Some chances for betfer prices in later marketing. 1t the movement should not bo decidedly enlarged soon the market could bardly be expected to shapo otherwise than 1n an_ advancing direction. But there continues to be the feature of lower relative prices for product than for hogs, so thitt unldss sometialig occirs Of ar, eucours ing nature to the trade calenlated to advance thie market for protust, it seoms unrousonablo to look for botte s for hogs, however Stal may bo the offorings. Took a Five-Cent Jump. Receipts today were fairly liberal and some buyers said the quality of the offerings was better than it has been for over two weeks. Sellers had a little the best of the situation on_account of the firm markets east and tho activity in speculative and shipping cireles, in adaition to the usual good demand from local houses. Prices averaged a big b higher than Friday and trading was active at the advance, the market rather gaining strength as the morning advanced, The range of prices was very narrow, fair to good hogs, regard- loss of weight, selling at from §5.10 to #.15, with a few of the best butcher weight loads ut .20, On Friday the hogs sold mostly at .05 and §.10 and on last Saturday the bulk went at $4.95 and $. “The high point for hogs in 1503 was Feb- 17, when $3.37'; was paid, and the low point was August 2, just after the Cudahy- Wright _corner 1 provisions broko. The market for the yeac closes §1.50 lower than January 1, .15 lower than the high point in February and about e better than at the low point in August. Shoop Brado Steady. The three doubledecks of sheep were ull consigned direct to Swift and not offered on the market. Thereisa good de- mand for desirable muttons and lambs, and prices are quotably stronger. Fair-10 good nitives, $2758.50; fair to good weste 563,105 common and ; good to choice 40 to K Market. OATTLE—Rocolpts, 1,600 head; markot 13,90 30, KaNsAs Oy, 2,400 houd; shipme steudy to 10e high, shipplng stoors, H1.4003.50; fors wnd foodors, §2.0003.65 HoGs—Recelpts, w100 head; shipments, 200 head; murkgt stronger: bulk, 80,006 vy, pueking'and mixod, 84,955,174 Yorkers und.nlgs, $4.7540.15. p—Iteceipts, 600 heid; shipments, none; market sten y to tirm St. Louis Lave St s1. Louts, Dec. head; shipments, hardly sutficlent to make seunt offerings wont off fair to real good stoers, 5 cows and heifors, $2,00@3.00, the lutter for heavy: fod T s, #3,00008.50; gruss Toxus ste Cows, #1.50@2.80. 11908 1te 300 head; shipments, 1,600 head: market stroug; top price, $5.30 bulk of sales, $5.10a5.25 SueEe - Receipts, none; supply and no market e supply win markot, but the ordiy's figures AN shipments, none Btock in Sight. ol pts of 11ve stoek i 1 murkets Saturday Cattle. wie four princ Decembor 80: Shoop. 1,049 340 B0 1,000 2,400 it 300 South Omuha Chlcago Kansis Clty. St. Louls. Total 4 24,510 - Sweet breath, sweat s tomach, sweet tem peri Then use DeWitv's Little Early Risors. 149 2,140 CLEWS' COMMERCIAL REVIEW Upon the Whole the Year Oloses with a Butter Feeling PRESENT SITUATION IS ENCOURAGING New Year Grounds for Hop) Wil ¥ proved © Entered with Reasonuble & that Lts Close o Affiirs i an Ime ndition. The following review of the commercial situation is prepared by Henry W. Clews “T'ne events of tho week have been the appointment of receiverships over ths Atch 1son, Topeka & Santa Fe and the New York & New England railroads, Important adai- tions, as they are, to the already oxtraordi- nary list of companies so situated, yet the occurrences have had comparatively little effect upon the general market. The case of New England had been anticipated, and tho decline on that stock was therefore less than might have been expected. The troubles of Atchison still of shock, because it is understood that the r vership is more o matter of convenienco than of necessity, and that the finances of the company are in a fairly sound condition The partial fall in prices caused by these occurrences was turned to account for clos. ing up some important bear accounts. “Upon the whole, {the year with a better feeling on the Stock exchange than might beexpected under so many unfavor- | able conditions. We are now on the eve of the disbursement of some £330,000,000 of in terest and dividends, a large portion of which will be reinvested, and the anticipation of this large demand from that source has nat- urally the effect of sustaining the market Considering that bonas are becoming sca and high and that the dividend payiag stocks are in_comparatively moderate’ supply, it would therefore seeni reasonablo to expect some improvement in the higher grade stocks, which would naturally act favorubly on Lhe general list, “It is a long period since the old year has closed under such serious conditions as now overywhere prevail. Every country in Iu- rope nus its troubles, worse than ours, and they are of a character so radical that it will require time to heal them. In this country the derangemcnes are acute, but they are of a kind wore directly under our own control than are those of the European nations. In our caso there had been no an- tecedent overtrading nor excessive specula- tion nor general unsoundaess of credit. On the contrary, 1503 opened with a gencrally sound ana fairly prosperous condition of business, and although the panic was one of perhaps unequaled severity, yet it was due to causes not inherent to business proper, but outside ot business and connected with a great alarm about the condition of our currency system. The sil- ver panic, however, became the cause of a general prostration of trado and credit, from which recovery could not possibly be imme- diate, even tuough the canse of tho alarm has been remedied. ‘The period of recover moreover, is further postponed by interven: tion of a 'sweeping revision of the tariff. This latter circumstance would, under the best of conditions, have proved a serious cause of commercial disturbance; but. mingling with the immediate effccts of 4 great panic, 1ts seriousness is doubled, Situation Very Encour “It is gratifying, not to say surprising, that in such a stute of affairs and with low carnings of the raitroads there should be so much steadiness in values at the financiai center. ‘There1s a reason why, under tho present condition of business, bonds are in active demand and stocks withstand the shock of discouraging events and the s tematic attacks of professional bears.” The ausc is not in the mere abundance of mon for it has often_enough proved that prices declined under the lowest rates of interest. Norisit to be found in an active outside speculative demand for stocks; for such operations are now at & minimum amount. Nor 15 it due to any effort of wealtny corpor- ate interests to bo'ster up their properties; for, as & matter of fact, the market has les of that kind of support than usual. The ex- planaticn is to be mainly found in two facts the floating supply of stocks is mo crate, if not even unusually light, and that the amount of flouting capital seeking em- ployment 1 consideraoly larger than might be expected under the circamstances; and another, though minor reason, is that several hundred millions of stocls are thrown into suspense aud have thercfore become inact- ive through the companies being in the hands of receivers, with the effect of con- centrating the market upon stocks more avorably situated. The truth is that, for several yoars past, the wealth of this country has been nccu’ mulating at an unprecedented rate, and tho amount of capital sceking pevmanent invest- ment is therefore much larger than is gener ally supposed. 1anic causes th of this wealth to temporarily discard busi- ness enterprises and to prefer putting their funds into some well known and easily mar- keted security; and they therefore enter Wall street when quotations are exception- ally low und take off an assortment of stocks, which they may either hold perma- nently or sell when prices advance—an en- tirely safe and profitable operation. 'TI'hi sort of thing was done largely durine the low prices at the height of the vanic, and is still in process; and that accounts not only for the present relative steadiness of prices, but also for the undeniable lightness of the floating Supply of stocks. [t must also be considered that while this withdrawal of securities into investment is reducing the supply, there is much less than the average new supply coming on market from the construction of railr This is strikingly demonstrated from fact that, for the last four years, the annual construction of new road his averaged only 4,250 miles, whilst for the four next preced- ing years the average construction w milés, This fact has a double siguificance. Iu not only proves a relative scarcity - now ies of securties, but 1t also shows that ronds ave less than formerly exposed to competition from new mileage, which has always been the most uncontrollable cause of low rates of freight “We enter the new ye grounds for hope that afairs in o “There is ampl but industry has no were less loses | reasonable 1s close will find covered condlition ting cmpolyment ; use for it until condi: tions are made ¢ by the enactment of the now tavif. hat poiut being reached, the utterly depleted stocks of every kind of werchandise will find_employment cnough for our industries. In the meantime, wages are declining in every trade, and to that ex tont preparations are being made for the cheaper conditions of production that the uew situation will requiv r with wi RELATIONS OF TiL 1SON. United States Investor Ite Recoi- vership and Proso ) The United States In views the causes which have led up to the recciver ship of the Atehison. It says it basall along been a puzzle to practical railroad men how the Atchison could fnue Lo report such comparatively favorable eavnings, when other lines similarly situated were showing most shocking decreases. The only possible explanation thus far suggosted is that the compuny coal mines wore kept in full operation, ana the product billed to the various storage bins in all the different towns upon its line,whether an immedute or prospective demandl existed for such product ) Porous Plaster|\ | \ IS THE BEST, ¥ RELIEVES PROMPTLY and & Y CURES QUICKEST, 2 s “Wardg over e \ vfi JaveTE a5 TiTuTIoN \e’ or not most unusunl, xpl ording wheat crop and gener of indy bitumi sary Union sharpl reason | attended proper e of the the rankest pieces of railway double which stockh poratic small ¢ the Gulf enterprise, for thei thoy b consum most hilarious banguets place i price formed good causo fi commis 500 ma Colora Califort ceive is o not in bay th wihy Sorora is a M bly the ase of the Southe part of the Atelison system interest on its bonds and has a L ther fa years on its tho 1o the by month | the Califor Atchison management has not tosoti ship ca paying namely ferred son tr ment of is repc New widely considerable inal bonds, for banks ‘The lavge Boston savings buaks have bought them, stand, A note of warning sounded Specia ginning to linary quar; dinner steam meats man) and q eases Patients ments kitchel ailin, cooking is g dren, good effect upon thel o far distant wh interest of their children, and use Castoria in de morphine, 5o agents down t them to premature grases mporters and i Lirors bul Morse-Coe Shoz Company. Salesroom and 0o We & ShoesIn A o, our now factory. Kirkendall, Jo Rub! 1104 M E Dry goods, nottons, fur Biabii FURNITURE. | Omaba Upholstering Uphols §0 Whol ntine aps, S —— Such & proceeding o8 this would bo DANGER JUSI AHEAD. but it is next to impossiblo to the keeping up of the carnings in any ry way. la the face of a very small crop, tho prospect of a emill corn I dopression m all branches ustry which have occasion to utilize nous conl and other articles of ncees onsumption. The carnings of the Pacitic coal department have very v llen off, and there ems no good to belfeve that any different fatc (L tho operations of Atchison 1 Speaks About the Thin A Pro nt Profe Threa entng T Abroad at of th g Year “Tt fs surprising how many people are suf- toring toduy from so-called coughs, colds and influenz; The romark was mado by o professor conneetod with on Now York hospitals. Continuing ho sald It I« not those thinzs that aro troubling people, but 1t is an advanced form of our old my, the People feel out of sorts, @, huvo palns in the niuselos and bones, havo no appetite, loss all interest in the world | and wonder what Is the matter. It is the grip; nothing Now, all prompt trontment. The att and repelled at once, or It 18 certaln to run {nto somothing serious. | know of but one wity to certainly avold thoso troubtes which wre now so cominon, and that i to fm= modiately counteract them by using n good, pure, sLrou timulant. Nothing of the ordinary kind, but ' something puro and selentific. For tiils parpose nothing i ever oaualed Dufly's Pure Malt Whiskey, which Is acknowledge | today by physicians ! (e poople to bo tho only pure, mes figimnl malt whiskey upou the market very prominent of the leading ties Investor further says Gulf, Colorado & Santa the o v acqusition 18 ono of lealing was ever foisted upon the unfortun: olders of an already overloaded ¢ 0 at 4 most extravagant price, It ause for wonder that the backers obtained a price ir road which in their wildest dreams ad never conceived of, celebrated tho nation of tho deal by one of tho which ever took 1 the stato of Texas, Altogether, th paid by the Atchison would lave v the appointment of a ion to inquire iuto tho sanity of the erip. is need to have k must bo met such symptoms are in fgnorance s 4 ot including the Gulf, do & Santa e, the Sonora and the nia_Southern ' roads in the Atchison rship. The Gulf, Colorado & Santa |~ The words of the professor are true and thoy separate corporation: its bonds are | earry a wonderful meining (o muny men ana default, and as long us it continues to | Wonion who neo suffering with the tirst symps OBt ob: LHEs { x toms of zrip, or else grip In Jts advancod ¢ interest on these there is no reason Tooniver shoultl bo Apoiiod for'ha | Stages. For all such people we offcr u WORRof kel o' : ' © | advice: which Is to take the best means to xican corvoration, and proba- | gvercoma theso troubles and do not permit s same conditions obtain heve as in the | any dealer to swerve you fron your purpose Gult rond. The California | to have that which has proven itselt by years tion Is a very interesting one, | of use ta bo the bost. and” purest stimulunt in toly been a paying piece of i | MAGNETIC NERVINE. surplus, In is reason to expect that in a_few 4 soid with witten uarantee to cure it may be able to pay something preferred stock. The carnings sof ervounProstrn Atchison management in their ly reports, but have been coverod up aggregate earnings of the whole sys: e public has, therefore, never wvare of the excellent condition of the nin system, 1t is intimated that the boen aver matters that when the receiver- should not include the pieco of property in the system, the California Southern, What pre stock of the road fs not in the Atchi asury is in the hands of the man thie Atchison. President Reiuhars ted to own a large block of it York & New [nglana bonds are held, and some of them have found favor with investors. The ter- instance, have been con y safe investment, and savings have been liberal purchasers of them. persons o sity ad has | Y, betna \BEFORE - AFTI R o s vz the Brain, causing Mis , Insanity and Doath Barren Impotency, I.nrt F ower in either se: Promature Old Age, 1nvoluntary Losses, caused beas | by over-indulgence, over-cxertion of the Brain and st | Errorsof Youth. Tt civos to Weak Orgnow theft ment, in piain package, by n addross, 81 per box, 6 boxes £, With overy $8 order we .(ho 3 Written Quarantee to curo or refund the money. ob lmhm\l 0..Sole \"Llltm”m'lhl\. NE| SDISORDERS xing e it A Y DEBICITY! eh QUIOKLY e 4 D! 1Ilw\nl the bhody ! RIER 0 e one institution £500,000 of them, ey A Hint to Housekeepers. holding, we curely pac ton that cur BWRIGHT, . Michigan to housekeepers is The Pittsburg Dispatch: throat diseases are be- ake unusual interest in cu- | methods. They advise a kitchen | on wash days and boiled s days, giving asa veason that the from boiling clothes and piokled that require mueh heat produces illnesses of the respivatory organs ggravates slight or chronie dis- of the nose, throat, and lung are advised to vacate apar having dark or ill-ventilated ng, and to keep all the babies and children out of the kitchen when ng on. e SOUTH OMAHA, Union Stock Yards Company, South ©Gmaha, jest Cattlo 1o and 3haop markstia the wem o=t cn.fims;m H0U3 Wood Brotasts. Live Stock Commission Merohan 901th Umaba—Telephons 113 Chloat JOIIN . DADIMAY, AN EOWICH: | Maasgore Market roports by mail and wire cheerfu arnished upon appiication. Castoria is Dr. Samuel Pitcher’s prescription for Infants and Children. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotic substance. It is a harmless substituto for Parcgoric, Drops, Soothing Syrups, and Castor Oil. It is Pleasant. Its guarantce is thirty ycars’ use by Millions of Mothers, Castoriadestroys Worms and allays feverishness. Castoria prevents vomiting Sour Curd, cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colie. Castoria relieves tecthing troubles, cures constipation and flatulency. Castorin assimilates the food, regulates the stomach and Dbowels, giving healthy and natural sleep. Case torin is tho Children’s Panacea—the Mother’s Friend. Y2 Castoria. W Castoria is an excellent medicino for chil Mothers have repeatedly told me of its child Castoria, “ Castoria 3 50 well adapted to children thay I recommend it as superior toany prescription en.” kuown to me." Q. ¢ Osaoop, Lowell, Mass, 1. A, Ancmen, M. D, 11180, Oxford §t., Brooklyn, N, Y. “Our physicians in tho children's depart- ment have spoken highly of their experl- ence in their outsido practice-with Castoria, aud although we only havo among medical supplies what is known as regular products, yet we are freo to confess sees the hing syrup and other hurtful | merits of Castoria Las wor w4 o look with ir throats, thereby sending | favor upon it th N » DISPRNGARY, KINCHELOE, Loston, Mass. Conway, Ark The Centanr Company, T Murray Streot, Now York City. * Castoria I3 the best re: 1y for children of hich Tam acquainted. I hopo the day is not nmothers willconsider the real our various quack nostrums which az y foreing opium, end of th stroying theie loved ones, b Dr. J.F Arvex C. Switn, Pres., Manufacturers & Jobbers Direclory I;AGE & TWINES | Bemis Omaha Bag i HARDWARE. Rector & Wilhelmy | Lobeck & Lina, | | COMPANY 1 Dealo's 1n hardwsre and TENTS, ETC. [Omaha feal-Awning OMPANY. COMPANY. ufao orner 10th mechnuios’ thol e Corner 10th nani 0 Streots uglas truet P — L L HATS, ETC. | WA L. Gibbon & Co | Wholoslo Hats, oaps, siraw goods I wloves, mittens. ' Lith | ud larney Stroots. | HORSE 00! Jackson 1115 Farnau ) of four i, BOOTS AND SHOES, H07-1100- 111 Howard 3t Factory —1119-1121-112) Howard 8t re the 0%LY Manufasturess of Boots and 1 the state Of Nobrasks. oral 1uyltation is exteaded to all to lnspoot & | Amer, Hand-Sewed Wholesalo Tost 3, shooy or Bhoo Co. 110 Ko0us, 1103 04 Harnsy Stroe Nirest DRY GOODS. Smith & Co. | Kilpatrick 60! | Nottons, gouts 1ng WoOds, cor Harney sircets —_— COMMISSION. | LUMBER. Branch & Co. [ John A Wakeffeld, tmported, Amerlean Port frults 1and camunt, Milwau kus coment and Quiney white lime __LIQUORS, | STOVE REPAIRS Frick & Herbert, |Omaha Stove Repair VWORKS. *tova ropairs Wholesale Hguor doalors | - aod water attaghmaats for nny kiadof avove, mada. 107 Dougia s OILS. Urmulcr Paper (o | Standard 01l Co. Carry ' full stock of printiogl wrapping sad wrillog papers, card BADULA. wie -Koch Dry e “l’ll!ll"l "] | Towara sta. | 1001 Farnnan PAPER. | st 2 COAL. Johnson Bros, WHOLESALE COAL 1008 Farnam Birest, Cinalia, Neb IMEANY tored fur 4 Nioholas ale vBly. | Refuea and 1ubricating et Olls, axie groass, o4 N\