Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, September 17, 1893, Page 13

for ocoup. | 1 NN | o1 6 no .\ HUB OF OUR NATIONAL LIFE | ittt o s o | Wing was completed. — Plans for the contral | Work was abont Jo b shem 131 tha eountry was plunged into war with Great Epooha in the Constructive History of tte Acropolis of the Republio GLIMPSES OF THE NATION'S Centennial of the Laying of the First Corner Stone and Incidents Connected There. with—Destruction and Kecon. struction—The Decorations, In one of his delightful skotchos of west- ern life, Joaquin Miller describes his first glimpso of Mount Shasta, the mighty senti- nel of norshern California. “Above tho woods, above the clonds, almost above the " he exclaims, “it looked like the first h to another world. Away across the gray sea of clouds that arose from the Kiamat and Shasta rivers, the mountain s100d, u solitary 1sland; white ana flashing like a pyramid of silver! solemn and majes- tic, sublite! lonely and cold and white!" CAPITOL | The picture drawn by the poet of the | Sierras camo involuntarily to mind a8 1 8tood, a bright May day, and gazed for the first time upon the capitol of the nation. The vision was unlooked for. It flashe before my eyes unexpectedly, massive in outline and majestic in proportions, stand- ing onan emmence and towering above all surroundings, against s background of cloudless blue, Stand on Pennsylvania avenue, midway to the white house, the real picture excels any conception derived from 00ks. A forest of trees and shrubbery and a closely cropped lawn in the brightest of spring green, heightens the da of the bullding. The famous peace monu- ment stands in the foreground. Pass around to the north, or senate wing, the rising ground, the architectural beauties begin to unfold themselves Stand ov the marble stops of the famous east front, looking out unon acres of stone walks and carriage ways, and no vory active imagination is neededs to picture the throngs that here assemble every four years 10 witnoss the inauguration of @ president. “T'o the southeast, in a tangle of derrick and scaflold, slowly rises tho new congressional library building, a fitting companion for the capitol. To enter within the wails and gazo upon the lavish docorations, historic paint- ings and sculptures, tho chambers of tho scoate and ' house and tho ornate committee rooms, is to foel oppressed by the rush of memorics which the scones call forth. Hero ono fs in the foundry of the mnation's political history. Here have held forth voices that thrilled the world and leit the impress of mighty minds upon tho records of the century. The glants of other and luter days scem to troop in re- view as the stranger moves through the from whence spring a large share tion's daily history. Tho View from the Dome, Ascend the stately marble steps to the foot of the dome and a view of surpassing loveliness is beheld. The capitol is the hub from which radiate as spokes in a wheel .no Iess than twelve streets, A mile straight away to the west is the white house and the treasury building, and the massive and navy buildings. Directly plercing the clouds, “‘aslone as God ana a8 while as a winter's moon,” towers the Washington monument. South of these the agriculiural building and the Smith- sonfan institute. The Potomac, flushed with spring froshots, looks lixe an overgrown creek. Beyond, enveloped with a forest of trees, the famous Arlington cemetery, where sleep thousands of the nation's bravest and best, and through the tanglo of trees a glimpse may be had of the columned porticos of the Curtis mansion. All the superb ox- panse of streets and buildings is interlaced Wwith trees, innumerable parks in the. form of squures, circles and triaugles, decorated with shrubbery and statues, ‘When Major Pierre L'Enfant, the French engineer, surveyed the site and planned the city of Wasbington, ho had 1n view the exi- gencies of war, und laid out the streets so ns to afford the' greatest promotitudo i the concentration of troops av u given point. Streets named and numbered were run on the checker-board plan to the four points of the compass. On top of this he laid out a system of broad avenues, one-half running from the northeast to the southwest, and the remainder from the northwest to the south- east. The various interss ons were re- served forsmall parks, of which there are now sixty odd. Although the system has been subjected to the ridicule of a century, it has withstood the asssult andis today a substantial reality, with the capitol bulld- ing as the center, Frids of the Nation, The capitol is the noblest public bullding reared during this century. Few buildings of ancient times approach’ it. Authorities concede that it 1s grander than St. Poter’s, surpasses tho Hotel des Invalides in Paris, and overshadows Westminster, The uncient Acropolis at Athens is claimed to be its only pecr. Every schoolboy is familiar with its image. It has been photographed and pictured to such an extent that 1ts magnifi- cent outlines are familiar to young and old. But neithor camera nor brush adequate impression of its graceful propor- tions, artistic details and interior decor: tions. The epochs in its constructive history will prove of interest and afford a_better appreciation of the centennial celebration which tho city of Washington will indulge in tomorrow, Preparing the Plans, On March 14, 2, the commissioners of the building, Daniel Carroll, I'homas John- son and David Stewart, offeted o prize of a lot and #00 in cashor a medal of equal value from the best plan, The specifications called for a brick building so arranged as to admit of extension, but before plans were submitted the material was chunged from brick to sandstone. A number of common- place designs were submitted and rejocto The plans accepted by the commissioners ‘were those of Stephen Hallette, a French- man residing in New York, Before a final determination wus reached, William Thorn- ton, an Englishman, submittea elaborate and ornate plans to President Washington, which captivated his excellency and were recommended by him to the commissioners, An architecrural storm at once broke loose and enveloped the commissioners, To avert a perilous squabble, the commissioners com- bived the plans, omployed both arclitects and engaged as superintendent of construction James Hobane, urcnitect of the white house, and an Irisbman. As might be expected, the tnangular combination of discordant races did not work well. Thornton was frozen out evidently, as his name does not appear on the corner stone inscription. Laying the Corner Stona, The original corner stone was laid by Pres- ident George Washington Septembor 18, 1793, From the meagre record of the cere: monies now available it is learned the exer- cises were in charge of the Virginia lodge No. 22 of Masous, of which Waskington was rond master. On this occasion General Wasbiogton delivered an eloquent address, but of which there is norecord. Clotworthy Stephenson delivered an pressive ora- tion,” “punctuated with fifteen salvos of a cannon from the Virginia artillery,” and then, after “solemn and beautiful® prayer, succeeded by Masonic chanting and an arti lery salute,” the company retired to a great booth where & 500-pound ox was roasted, and of which they ‘generously partook. with every abundaace of othber recreation.” The silver plate deposited in the corner stone contains this inscription: **Thissouth- east corner stone of the capitol of the United States of America, in the city of Washing- ton, was laid on the 15th day of September, in the year 1793, in the thirteenth of American independence, in the first year of the second term of the presidency of George Washington (whose virtues in the clvil administration of his country have been as conspicuous and beneficlal as * bis militury valor and prudence have been usoful in establishing her_liberties), and in the year of Masonry 5708, by the grand lodge of Maryland, several lodges unaer its urisaiction and lodge No. 23 of Virginis, rom Alexandra, V Thomas Johnson, Davia Stewart, Daniel Carroll, .Commu. James Hobane, Stephen Hallette, archi- tects; Joseph Clark, P. W. G. M. ; Collen ‘Williamson, M. Mason." A multiplicity of alterations, coupled with ' @ scarcity of means, retarded tbe work of construction. The foundations of the north w south wings of the original design wore ¢ un a duly, ling white | on | an convey an | of the mob, | oe Britain, B Vandatism. The burning of the cabitol by the British coats swarmed into the house of reprosent. atives, now statuary hali. Forming around the speaker's chair, to which they oscorted the admiral with’' mock sol:mnity, the soldiers awaited orders ““Shall this harbor of Yankes democ burned? asked Cockburn. *All for ; myar Firo the publicanism ! uilding ! Fire this nest of re- was the tumultuous response _The partition betweon the two wings of pitch pine boards was torn away and formed the nuclous of the fire. All available tinder in the building, which had already been looted, and the wholo mass of combustiles set on fire As the flame and smoke pogred from the doors and windows tho citizen ®, . erless 1 pre nt the calamity, look%d on with blanched faces and hearts throbbing for re- venge. The British waited until the work of destruction was well under way and then doparted in ghoulish triumph. They had not gone far when u he ting out the fir dalism in the city. ‘The building was gutted, but the walls and foundation were not seriously damaged. ‘I'ne work of restoration began soon after, but it was not until 1827 that the building was fully completed at a cost of §2,433,510. o Second Corner Stone. at north and south gs. jonate and house of revresent: ctively, were undertaken in 18: —fifty-eizht years aftor the original corner stone was laid. The second corner stone was laid on July 4, 1851, by President Millard Iillmore. There was the inevitable parade, surpassing the original, composed of “N: tional Grays," “National Blues,” tho “‘Walker Sharpshooters,” veterans of the revolution aud of the war of 1812, and 'a great body of Masons in full regalia, Among the articles deposited in the corner stone was the following manuscript, written on parchment by Daniel Webster: 1On the morning of the first d; sixty-sixth year of the independence of the nited States of America, in the city of Washington, being the 4th day of July, 1851, this block designed as the corner stoné of the extension of the capitol, according to a plan approved by the president, in pursuance of an act of congress, was laid by Millard Fill- wore, president of 'the United States. o sisted by the grand master of the Masonic lodgres, in the presenve of many members of congress, of officers of the executive and judiciary departments, national, stato and district, of officers of the army and navy, the corporate authorities of this and neighbor- ing cities, mapy associations, civil and mili- tary and Masonic, officers of 'the Smithson 1an institution and National institute, profe: sors of colleges und teachers of schools of the District, with their students and pupils, and a vast concourse of people from pluces near and remote, including a fow surviving gentlemen who witnessed the laying of the corner stone of the capitol by President ]\\ ashington on the 15th day of September, 705, “If, therefore, it shall be hercafter the will of God that this structure shall fall from its base, that its foundation be upturned and this deposit brought to the eyes of men, be it then known that on this day the union of the United States of America stands firm, that their constitution still exists unim: paired, and with all 1ts original usefulness and glory, growing every day stronger and stronger in the affection of the great body of the American people, and attracting more and more the admiration of the world, And all here assembled, whether belonging to public life or to private life, with hearts de- voutly thankful to Almighty God for the presorvation of the liberty and happiness of the country, unite in sincere and ferveut prayers that this deposit; and the walls and arches, the domes and towers, the columns and entablatures now to be erected over it may endure forever. **God save the United y rain set in, put- and checking turther van- v 0f the States of America. “DaNIEL WEBSTER, **Secretary of State of the United States.’ Marvelious Progress. Webster delivered a masterly oration on that memorable occasion. He illustrated with facts and figures the remarkable de velopment of the country during the areced- ing fifty-eight years. In 1703 there were fifteen stutes in the union; in 1851 there were thirty-one. The population had grown from 8,020,328 to 23,207,498, the area of the United States from 835461 square miles to 8, i and the revenues from §5,720,024 to & 848, Work on the new extensions progrossed rapidly, and by 1854 the walls wero ready for the roof. Meanwhile the western frout of the old building, destroyed b fire in December, 1851, was rebuilt. In 18 the old dome, & combination of-brick and wooa, was torn down and work commenced on the new dome, the crowning glory of the capitol today. The House Movos, “The house wing was completed in 1857 and upled in December of that year, The late Congressman Cox, then & member from Oio, thus describes, in “Threo Decades of Federal Legislation,” the removal of the house from the old to the now quarters: ““T'he 16th of December, 1857, is memorable in the annals of the United States. Looking back to that day, the writer can seo tho members of the house of representatives take up the line of march out of the old shadowy and muraurous chamber into the new hall, with its ornate and gilded in- terior. The scenc is intense in a rars dramatic quality. Around sit the members upon richly carved oaken rockers. Already upon either side in mutual animosity. The republicans take the left of the speaker, the democrats the right. James M. Orr of South Carolina, a full. roseate-faced gentleman, of large build and ringing metallic voica, is in the chair. James C. Allen of Illinois sits below him in the clerk’s seat. Rev. Mr. Carothers offers an appropriate and inspiving prayer. A solemn hush succoeds the invocation, Aftor some legislative routine the members retire 10 the oven space in the rear to awnit the drawing of seats. A page with bandaged eyes mukes the awards, and ono by one the members are seated.” The senate wing was not finished and occupied until January 4, 1859, Unchecked by War, ‘The convulsions of war in 1861 caused a stoppage of work on the great domo for a short period. Euemiss of the government regarded the incident as evidense of waver- ing faith in the outcome of the rebellion, No appropriations were made for the work during '61-3, but iu the latter year the con- tractors, having unbounded “confidence in congress, prosecated the work with means are the sections | of their own and, on December 2, 1803, Craw- ford's colossal statue of *Fraedom" was placed on thesummit of the dome and saluted with 455 guns mounted on the forts sur- rounding Washiugion. Iu 1864 tho eastern portico of the north wing was completed. T'he closu of the noxt year witnessed the completion of both wings with their six mag- nificent porticos, two grand entrances and four grand stairways, and the decoration of the dome by Sig. Brumidi of Kome. The white marble terraces on the west side wero begun in 18582 and completed last year. The Cost, Tho capitol represents an investment ot nearly $20,000.000. The present architect of the building, Mr. Edward Clark, reckous the cost as follows Old capltol. $ Eulargement of site. Menowal wfter Britlsh inviusio Works of art... Fura nd wpprouche Lmprovemonts of grounds. Works of Art, uite apart from the historic associations which endear the Acropolis of the republic Lo every citizen, the wealth of art works in the building eavelopes patriotic pride in the Klamour of self-interest. Paiutings in- numeravle recall epochs in the country's history, its scenic wonders and illustrious citizens. Statues of distinguished ofticials Alll niches In this temple of fame. Exquisite broazes and allegorical figures nhoun‘a. and was premeditated and maliclous vandal- | fsm, * perprtrated for no other pur pose than to show contempt for the American republ Flushed with tho victory at Bladensburg, the invaders, under’ command of Goneral Ross and Ad- miral Cockburn, marched to_the capitol and shattered the windows with bullets, Ked- neighborhood was collected in the | figures. “The Discovery of America” and “Civilization,” rest on the central bultressos of ~ the east front. Behind theso are colossal carraras representing | “War'and “Peace.” the four costing | #2000, The Rogers and Crawford | Chief Justice Marshall cost #40,000, and 45 the lavish fres. ses are an almost endless | source of admiration. Perisco’s sculpturod | bronze doors on the east front and senate en- trance cost $25.000 and #57,000 respectively. The Crawford figure of “Fresdom" on the domo cost $24,000. “The Apotheosis of Washington,”” an olaborate fresco by Bru- midi, covering the canopy under the dome, cost #50,000. Four historical paintings on panels at the sides of the rotunda, by Colonel John Trumbull, cost $2000. Four other panels by John "nndorlym William H. Pow- ell, John G. Chapman, and Robert W. Wier, cost 10,000 euch. Franzoini's clock at tho north entrance of Statuary hall cost 816,000, and Emanuel Lentzo's “Westward Ho," ing the west stairway of the house of repre- sentatives, cost $20.000. Story's statue of 000 was paid for Greenough's statue of Wash - ington opposite the east front. The “Storm- | ing of Chapultepec,” and tho “Battleof Lake | Eirie,” cost #6,000 aud $25.000 respectively. tues in St all represent an 000 * Discovery of the Mississippi," the “Landing of Columbus, the “Baptism of Poeahon and the | ;‘Embarkation of the Pilgrims," paintings all 1 ted 1o the rotunda, cost $10,000 each, and 000 was paid for “‘Lincoln Signing 4 Emancipation Proclamation.” . In addition to all these, there are a large number of paintings, statues and frescoes of lesser value. Dimensions, Ihe building covers four ncres of ground, 18 751 feel in length and varies from 56 to 324 fect wide, is four stories high—coilar, bas, ment, principal floor and attic—contains 190 Tooms, besides countless alcoves, secret pas- auges and hidden stairways, two well equipped restaurants, marble’ baths, and other creature comforts. The rotunda is 05 feet 6 inches in diameter, and 180 feet inches from floor to canopy. There aro I exquisitely luted Corinthian columus adorn- ing the porticos and base of the dome, 100 of them of pure white marble 30 feet high and olithic—the capital and pillar being one . Two thousand people may be crowded into the chamber of the house, and a li number into the sonate. Seven carpenter six painters, four plumbors, one copper: smith, a dozen gardeners and a score of assistants and twenty-five laborers are em- yed the year round keeping the buildings and grounds in order, oxclusive of tho sen- ate and houss employes, the engineers and the elevator men. ™ J F Tho New #s Ably Delined Re= cently by Dr. Brodbeok. During tho congress of religions at Chicago a few days ago Dr. Brodbeck read a romark- able paper entitled “Idealism, the New Re- ligion.” Its delivery caused a sensation. In substance it was as follows: “It is an open secret that millions of peo- ple in our civilized countries have practical given up Christianity and with 1t religion. Millions of others cling to the old belief only because th is notning better there. Again wmillions are beliovers in Christiauity or other religions bocause they have been edu- cated in those lines and do not know better. ‘The time has come for a new form of re- ligion in which the painful discord between modern civilization and old behiet disap- pears. We do not revive any old relimion that u have existed or still exists. The w religion is ot a mixture or synopsis of provious religions, Neither s the new re- ligion a philosophical system of any kind. n short, the new_ religion is Something new. Its nameis Idealism. 1ts confessors are called idealists, Its chief name is ideal- ism—that is, the striving for the ideal, the perfection in everything, for the ideal of mankind, espeoially for each individual; further, for the ldcal of acience and art; for the ideal of civilization; for the idealof all vii ues: for the tdeal of fapily, communisy, so- clety and humanity 1n all forms, “The new religion is not aggressive, but creativo and reforming. It has nothing to do with anarchism or revolutionism, It works not with force, but with organization, example, doctrine. We are not for aosolute avstaining from stimulants, as long as scionco has not absolutely docided agalnst them ; but we are friendly to all temperanco societies, “We donot profess to have any cortain knowledge of things beyond this life, We believe that there is an absolute power over ch we have mo control. The true essonce of this power we do not know. With some reserve the words ‘providence,’ ‘almighty,’ ‘creator’ might b used, but wo do not believe that there exists an absolute personal Being as = kind of individual, We do not maie any man or woman to bea god, nor do we believe in a god becoming a man} but we assume that there are great differ- ences in men and that some do move for the benefit of mankind and true civilization than others; but itis not advisable to ascribo that to the specinl merits of such a person. 1t somebouy is born n genivs and finas favorable conditions of development it is not his merit. Wae believe in the great value of a good example for followers moro than in doctrines, but we do not worship anybody, nor any single object, nor any product ‘of human imagination 'as being God. “We'do not know how things originatod, or if they did originate at all; 80 we also a0 not know what will be the last end and aim of everything existing, if there is anything like a last end and aim. Atany rate, these are open questions, and science is allowed to discuss them freel ‘We do not believe that there is resurrection of human individuals, We do not believe that there is immortality of the individual as such. We leave it to science to decide how far there can_be any- thing like existence after death, We do not believe iu heaven us the dwelling of in- dividuals after death; astronomy is against such a betief. We do not believe in hell, nor u personal leader of it, nor in purgatory. We do not believe thal once everything was &ood and perfect in this world. We do noy believe that all evils came into the worid through man's fault, although a great many of them did. We do not consider the world irreparable. 'Wo do not believe in the pos- sibility of absolute perfection of anybody or anything, We do not think that every good deed finds its proper reward, nor do we think that every wrong deed is properly pua- ished, ©**We do not know where we come from or where we go; we only know that we are here on this planet and that we must tako things as they are, and that we must do our best in everything, and in doing this we are happy, as far as happiness reasonably can be expected to be attained by man, In social as well as in political things we believe that there must be order and liberty combined. We are not in favor of war if it ever can be avorded without disregarding honor and duty of honorable existence ‘e belinve that loye 15 necessary for everything. but we be- lieve that love alone, either to God or to our fellow creatures or to both, is not a sufficient fundamental principle for true religion. We believe that man is not born only to suffer, nor only to work, but also to enjoy reason: ably this life. *‘Wo do not fear death, nor do we fear life. We believe that for some people it 1s easier to be good or to become good than for othel We believe that true religion can exist very well without any hope of a futuro inaividual existence after death, and we even thiok that true religion excludes such a hope.” o Little pills for great ills: DoWitt's Little Early Risers. —_— Hanting for Niek Any one who chances to take a stroll just before sunrise along the line of an of the surface railways in New ‘Yurfi will be sure to see from two to a dozen men walking near the tracks with hands in pockets and heads bent down. He may also observe that the conductors and drivers on the infrequent horse cars of that early hour also have their oyes turned earthward. They are all huntin for money. During the night | Lmrllculurly when the after theater omeward rush is on, the conductors are very busy collecting fares and making change by the dim light of the car lamps. In the process both they and the pussengers allow more or less small coin to nhs through their tingers, and it is for the dimes and nickels that have rolled to the pavement that search is made at dawn. The change that falls beneath the floor slats of the closed cars belongs to the cleaners of the stables. e r— A memorial to Jenny Lind 13 10 be placed in Westminster abbey, Loncon, THE GOLDEN AGE OF TRANSIT Ancient Snailpace Ooritéasted with the Light- ning Gait of Today. FROM MUSCLE TO STEAM AND ELECTRICITY Murveloas Progi postation ~Th s Deploted by the Trans- hIDIE At the World's Fair Modern Tealn—A Chat with a Postal Ohief. Curcaco, Til, Sept. 14.—[Correspondence of Tur Bee. |—Gorgeous in its splendor is the magnificently gilded door of the Trans- portation building. Its beauty grows upon the beholdor day by day. The eternal glare of bright light upon the white walls and fluted columns of other buildings wearies the eye, and it rests with delight upon the striking contrast furnished by the ‘Transportation building, with its softly tintea rose-colored walls and the beautiful winged figures that adorn the center of the sprandels. Its arched main portal faces the lagoon to the oast, forming an entrance 100 fest wide by 70 feet high. The ornamental work is done in gold-leaf, enhanced hese and there by in- termingling bits of bright color. At noon time, when the sunshine falls upon its glit- tering portals. the wholo is dazzling in its wonderous beauty. Bub even more impres- ive is it when the soft moonlight turns the gold to silvery sheen, and the winged figures seem to float in hazy indistinctness. How life-like then appear the statues of the cow- boy and the Indian, mounted guard each side the landing on the emerald banks of the lagoon, as over its crystal waters softly glide the gay and picturesque gondolas from far away Venice. The whole is like a scene from the Arabian Nights or a deeam of fairyland, Means of Transportation. But quicily vanishes all dreams when once the wonderous portals admit the visitor to the interior. Hero are most forcible re- minders thut we live in a practical, evory- day world. Here is demonstrated the fact that mankind for ages soemed at almost o standstill in the matter of evolution of trans- portation. Gradually they moved forward, step by step, the last 100 yoars notiug more progress than that of many preceding con- turies, until at the present day we wonder where will the desire for rapid transit end? The great Transportation building, with its annex, covers some eightoen or ninetecn acres, and in the annex are two and one-halt milesof railroad trackage, upon which stand numerous exhibits of cars and locomotives. Under the gigantic roof are housel all kinds of vehicles of transportation known to man, From the rude ox-cart used by our fathors to convey to mill the sacks of grain, progross te traced to the freight cars now in use endid palace cavs of the present pid transit. From the hollowod- out log canoe which served as a conveyance for primitivo travel upon the small streams and rivers, progress may be traced to the sail boat, thence to the steamboat, and it is with great iuterost thal we trace the evolu- tion of the powerof steam, for to it we owe, more than to. any other factor, the rapid progress made in the last fifty years in the matter of saving time by rapid transit. It is declarad by exports that steam as a motive power has reached the limit of its development and that in less than fifteen years hence electricivy will fur- nish the motive power for all the railroads of the world. If such then will be the case, the wonderful exhibit of locomotive engines run by steam power to be seen at the Trans- portation building marks an epoch in the civilization of man, preceding that which will, no doubt, be marked by a lightning- liko rapidity of travel furnished by the wonderful and inexhaustible power of elec- tricity. To comprehend the evolution in transporta- tion lgt us go back 300°yéars ago to examine the first wooden ‘tram road, whish consisted of a track made of polps, fastened by wooden pins to log sleepers Don this track was pushed by man a consisting of o crude wooden box placed-upon four large whoels, made of logs, hollowed out in grooves, which fitted upon the poles of the track. This primitive car certainly had the merit of never running off tha track unless it took the track with it. We will now begin to notice a gradual progress in the kind of rails and sleopers used for the car track. Progress is made from stone sleepers to wooden ones, and from wooden rails to those of iron and steel. In 1760 a French officer by the name of Cugnot constructed a car to haul artillery. It was propelled by stesm and was called “The steam road wagon.” Odd looking indeed is the quesr model of what was. no doubt, the first clearly con- ceived idea of propulsion by steam. The steam road wagon rested upon turec large vrheels, the boiler being in front and its ca- pacity so limited as to furnish only motive power for fifteen miles of locomotion. From this startiug point the evolution of tho steam locomotive can be traced in many countries and in various stages of progress, all of which can be seen by the models, and sometimes the originals, which are placed upon exhibition. The Locomotive Kra, But let us pass on to the year of 1803, for in that year a noted improvement took place. An Englishmun, Treventhick by name, who had been experimenting for yoars, at last constructod an engine, which was the first to pull cars. Two of those quaint old iron cars with the rails and stone sleepers can be seen at the exhibit. Other models are also shown to trace the progressive strides of the “iron horse,” the most important being one built in 1 Passing on to the year of 1862 the first engine was made tha. could climb a mountain. It was considered a great achiove- ment and received the piquant name of tho ““Pappersass.” Another old ongine on ox- hibit, and which shows signs of its long sery- ice, is the **Atlantic,” built in 1832. 1t is the oldest locomotive in'America which hus boen in constunt use since it was built, having boen released only from active service long enough to take a holiday and visit the \orld’s fair. In the exhibit of the North- western 18 an old engine, tha “Ploneer,” past service now, but carefully proserved for its history for the sake of old times. It was built in 1836 and wus the first engine run out of Chicago. Provious to the year of 1830, headlights on the locomotives were primi- tive, indeed, consisting of an open box of iron'networlk, in which a fire of pine knots was kindled, the glaro of the biazing pine throwing a tight upon the track ahead, a yronderful contrast to the gleaming locomo- tive headlights of today. The engines and cars displayed by the foreign countries aro of heavier build than those of American manafacture. ‘ 2 Americs Eaplly Kanks First As to rapid and commodious transporta- tion, of which fact the {nonv. skeptical would bo convinced after a visit to and aa inspec- tion of such elegantchaches as those making up the train of six cars which belongs to the display of the Canalign Pacific railroad and 18 known as “‘the matozany train,” becauso the cars are made o mahogany wood. The Pullman Car company, displays a train of soven conches, fucluding tho parlor.sieepors, diner and kitchen coaches, all of which ure furnished in the moss/exquisite style. The wood work on the insige of the seven couches is of a dark rich red, imported from East India. 1t is all haudcarved in the most beautitul designs, tbpwork being done at o Pullman car sugs ut o cost of 0000 The parlor car and the sleepers are all up- holstered in contrastitlg colors, all of them studies in the harmony;of tones. Each s tion of the sleepers is decorated by panels of nand-embroidery, and nothing of its kind could surpass the dainty attractiveness of the “‘bridal chamber,” with its rich furnish- ings of white satin aud cream brocade: the dining car the tables are set daily play the elegant cut glass and solid silver service, over which presides with watohful oye & pleasaut gentloman of color, who, by the way, is the same who had charge of tho dining car attached to ex-Prosident Hurri- sou’s train whon the presidential party vis ited the Paoific coast. Between the windo of the dining car are small brackets which support haudsome vases filled with out flowers. Many of the vases are works of art, being valued at from $40 to 30 apiace. The kitchen belongiug to the train is s fino in its way as auy other of the cars; in fact, it would be hard to suggest any improvement in detsil. The wash basius of the tollet rooms are of almost transparent white ouyx, and those belonging to the state rooms are 8o arrauged as o fold up into the side of the cars. The bath rooms are 17, 1893--SIXTEEN PAGE rangoment of the whole as to constantly suggest the idea of & beautiful economy of | svace. ‘The dome of tho barber shop 1 o | work of art in itself, the decorations having veling honse | all large and conveniont, and such is the ar- { cost 81,250 This beaatiful tr on whoels is safer than many other train for the front end of the mail is supplied | with a steel brace which runs down into the tender, and in case of collision has tho ef- foct of helding the tender down. But in case the tender should riso the front of the | mail ear would rise with {t, and while both | cars might stand on eud, they could not pass through one another—or, to use a_familiar term, there will be no “telescoping™ on cars | supplied with this new Pallman patent. ! A Model Mall Car, The mail car attached to the Pullman | train is a very handsvmo one, of its clas contaius all the improvement’s in the handling mail in transit, including vorsible Harrison letter and papor The wood of the mail car is of poli chorry, and where motal trimming is used it is of nickel plate. Every space about this model traveling postoftico is carefully meas- | ured and put to the bost possiblo usa, Even | the heater is banished to the vestibulo in order to economizo space for mail matter. 1 suagested to Mr. Hoskin, in charge of the | Pullman train, that it would be nice to have a carpet on the floor of the mail He smiled and ropliod 0. Handling gov- ernmnnt mail is not as clean . business you might think." After the fair 1s ove the beautiful train which T have tried to de- scribe will be in use on the Pennsylvania Limiced railroad Moving Tlave become deeply interosted in tha system of the rallway mail service of the | United States and was so fortunate as to ob- Money. tain an interviow with Mr. Lowis Troy, general superintondent of the railway mail service. e relatod to ma in a very inter- esting manner some amusing incidents that ocourred during the trip in July, when he accompanied Captain James White, who had in charge tho train which carried 220,000,000 in gold from the San Francisco mint to the of Washington. Wells, Fargo & Co. had proposed to transport the §20.000,000 for the sumof §50,000. But the United States government,always economical, concluded to carry it across the continent as United States mail, Accordingly Captain nes White was appointed to head the expedition. Lowis T Troy then selocted forty-five men, | not informing them of tho nature of the expe- | dition, only telling them that the use of “guns” might bonecessary before the rotur of the party rried a train of fiv cars. Arriving in San_Francisco they sop- arated, six ir , for secrecy was tho order of the d light, the hoavy wagons 1t door of themint. The #20,000,000 in gold coin, thirty-saven and one-half tons, was safely and without exciting any unusual conveyed to the waiting cars, which w soon boarded by the guards, all cavr Wiachesters. T faucy little sleening was | done, for a keen lookout was kept. The fivst day out, when the engincor was | oiling up tho engine, Mr. I'roy was watching him.” The engineer asked : “Uap, what have yoUu got on this train?’ “On, silks from China,” was the reply. The next day the | engineer remarked to Mr., Troy 1y, Cap, this train 1s not loaded with silks. Slie pulls 90 heavy.” On entering the long snow saeds ou the Rockies, u_section hand, being unablo to leave the truck with his hand car, placed two torpedoes on the track ahead as a signal to stop the train. The explosion of | the torpedoos created quite u panic, and the poor section hand stood facing forty-five Winchesters and pleaded, “For God's sake don’t shoot; [ am only a workman.” After passing the Sherman monument on top of the Rocky mountains tho train made a stop_ | to take on water. Mr. Troy, evor on the alert for desperadoes, suddenly spied the head of a man, then another, und another camo in view, until elght heads were countod, Aguin the forty-five Winchesters presented a solid front, and the eight tramps who were Iooking for accommodations on f Dox cor sud. denly took French leav Aside from these unimportant incidents the train bearing the $20.000,000 in gold reached Washington in_ safetyata costof | less than £5,000, thus saving to the United States government the sum ot more than $55,000, GRACE HiNes, —_—— LDUCATIONAL, The attendance at Chicago schools on opening day exceeded 130,000. Denver reports & groat increase m school attendance, especially in the suoarbs. Five hundred new pupils presentod thom- | selves for enrollment at the opening of the Omaha schools. An increaso of 10,000 is reported in Now York public schools, and a like number wers turned away for want of accommodations. Miss Bertha Lamme of Plttsburg 1s tho first woman in the world upon whom the do- gree of electrical engineer has been con- ferred. From 1,000 in 189 the Minnesota State university increased its attendance to 1,300 in 1891 and 1,500 in 1892. The present year should see an enrollment nearor 2,000 than 1,500, The absolutoly necossary expenses of o girl who attends the leading women's col- loges ave suid to bo: Bryn Mawr, $475; Vas- sar, $00; Smith, $50; Wollesloy, 350; Women’s College of Bultimore, $300; Mount Holyoke, $200. Massachusetts oxtonds stato aid to small libraries throughout that commonwealth. By this means many communitios remote from literary centors will secure the ad- vantages of small and woll seleoted col- lections of books, The Randall N.emorial library, the old town of Stow, Mass Lull Randail, is_completec cated this weok. execution of the wishes of her brother, Dr. J. W. Randall, who died last year at the age of 7). Tablets to the memo 'y of the towns- people who died in the revolution and in the rebellion and commemoratii the bicenten- nialof the town will be placed in the build- ing. iven to ¥ Miss Belinda d will be dedi- 1l's gilt, was in —— Ratsing Hread. What is meant by ‘“‘raising” bread is worth a few words.” The introduction of the yeast into the moist dough and the addition of heat when the pan is placed near the fire produces an enormous growth of the yeast fungi—the yeast “'germ," in other words. These fungi offect a destructive fermentation of a portion of the starchy matter of the flour—one of the most valuable nutrient elements in the flour. The fermenta- tion produces carbonic acid gas, and this, having its origin_in every littlo particle of the starch which is itself evorywhere in the flour, pushes aside the particles of the dough to give itself room. This is what is called raising the bread. READY MADE MUSTARD PLASTERS We were the first manufacturers on this Contineut. Our lutest {my anything or tin, or provement surpasseg avor beforo producod: - 160, e 130 sure to have SEABULIE." Ask Bpread on Gotton clothe proad on Gotton otk - SEABURY’S SULPHUR CANDLES; Prevention {s better than oure, by burning these candles bad smells in basemen(s, closets, 205 Ropt smway’ chbid Wiuacontazioutdleused quitos and irritating insoots. Price. S5e cucl “To purify sick-roos apartments, eto,, uso HYDRONAPHTHiL PASTILLES ‘which fn ng, dislnfect and produce a Lr;‘rllmo l‘lmhlnfli invigorating. o, per X of 18, Bole wufacturers, SEABURY & JOHNSON, Pharmaceutionl | NEW YORK. The Mercer. Omaha’s NawestHotal Cor. 12th and Howard Streets 40 room: 5) per day. 40 roous 8500 per duy. B rooms with bath utllf day. ' @0 rooms with bath at 81.5) par dan Modern in Every Respoot, NewiyFaralsh ed Throughout ~ C.8. ERB, Pron. NERVOUSOISORDERS EB 0 And wll the traln of EVI EAKN E! , DEBILITY, ETO.. “l ac- them Lo men QUICKLY aud P A & CURED. Full' STRENGTH and tone partof the body. 1 will send (s« Kiven 10 ever; Slroly packod) FREE 10 auy shiterer tho presort uonnmuum#.n. Of these troubles. Addres S. B WHRIGHT, Muble Dealor, Box 1489, Marshall, Michigan. LADIES® WEEK Ak LRLES MORSE LRY GOODS CO, Anything of special moment, of peculiar interest to cer- tain states, is set apart, and dedicated to that statc a The World’s Fair. ) We set apart é\nd dedicate all nex week, Beginning Monday, Sept. 18th, to the Ladies of Omaha And offer during this “Ladies’ Weck” the handsomest ar ray of Dress Fab- rics ever shown outside of Ameri- ca’s metropolis. We have space but to mention a few noveltics; so cor- dially invite your early inspection. NOVELTY REPERTOIRE. WEEK—For changoable whipco ds, a charming material In combination shades, ns, green and purple, navy and brown, emineuce and green, eminence und golden brown, ete. Those goods run full 40 inches'wide..... LADIES’ $1.00 A Yard LADIES’ WEEK—For sillk plaids. TRofreshingly protty. They come in, navy and brown, red und and greon, brown with gold and silver check, ete., full 38 inches wide $1 25 A Yara LADIES’ WEEK—Ravorsiblecheviots in changonblo tinta. Tho extremo beauty of these cheviots, combined with their serviceable chs acter, will claim n more than ordinary share of ladics’ favors this scason. The range of combinations is vast, affording ample scope to catch the eye of the most fastidious. Havuna brown, with change of gold, red and black, green and red, groen and gold, green and cadet, ultramarino and olive, golden brown and blue, ete. So that all com- plexions and tastes can be so well $1.50 suited. 42 inches Wide............... A Yard LADIES’ WEEK—For funcy hop sacking. Two prevail- ing shadés, green and brown, in pretty 1.00 smull checks, 38 inches wide'..... % . A Yard LADIES’ WEEK—TFor bolder styles in hop sacking. Old rose effects, new brown and old bluo; also changeablo diagonal cheviots, at. . $1.50 A Yan WEEK—For checked ottomans, silk and wool. Two shades of olive, black and old rose, navy and olive, senl and golden brown, navy brown and olive, ete., ote. Lxquisite goods; 42 inches wide....... LADIES’ $1.50 A Yara LADIES’ WEEK—Tor brocaded whipcords, sitk and wool fabrics, in eminance and olive, emta ence and brown, navy and gold, et 40 inches wide...... A $1.75 A Yard LADIES’ WEEK—For solid check cheviots, 46 inchos wide, Just the thing for tailor-made suits, and come in a handsome variety of 1.75 shades...... ot R s A Yard LADIES’ WEEK—For sail cloth in solid colors, Comes in brown, green, blue, gray, wine, omer- AR A ey e U © 150 A Yard LADIES’ WEEK—TFor shot hop sacking, lovely fabrics, Gleams of sunshine play through theso lovely goods, Myrtle and salmon, nayy and scarlet, golden brown and pink, seal brown and light blue, etc., otc. 40 inches wide....,.... . 2.00 A Yard LADIES’ WEEK—For hoavy choviot suitings, mixod col- orings, wine and olive, cavdinal and green, navy and brown, eminence and steel blue, 46 inches wide..... 2.25 A Yard ADIES’ WEEK—For knickerbocker checks; sillk shot, b in brown, heliotrope and blue, 44 inckoes 1 50 wide, rich fabrics....ovevreieenss saes . A Yard LADIES’ WEEK—Tor charming eilk and wool mixtures in colors pordering on the more quiot shades, yet extremely rich, boaring minute inspection and showing up most favorably; 47 inches wide. ... ... 2.00 A Yard These are some ot the most “‘positive new things” refreshing to look uvon, and delightful in their harmonious blendings of shades and tints, WEEK—For silks and velvats, Never before were these stocks so completely filled with ALL WORTH HAVIN( All the new, delightful and fascinating colors and weaves. Those who seck a rellable BLACK SILK or SATIN can be accommodated **hayond pale of disappoiatment” at our silk counters, Blaok surahs at 65c a yard, black gros gralns at 90c and $1.00, black penn-de- soie at 8100 and 81,25 a yard, black satin at 7T5c to $2. Our VELVET STOCK IS SIMPLY PERFECT! WEEK—At our establishment will be made specially attractive. For parfect light, convenience and general at-home-atives ness, this department is foremost. Ladies accopt our cordial invitation to visit us during *“Ladies’ Week.” Make our place your resting place and meste {ng place.” Accept the use of our Las dies’ parlors and toilet rooms and feel perfecily at HOME. It pays to trade with Morse Dry Goods Co. OMAHA, NEB, LADIES’ LADIES’ The