Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, May 25, 1893, Page 10

% e TRIBAL EDUCATION AND HOME RULE It stands upon a high bluff which an excellent view of the country _ morth, east and south is presented. e e e - THE SOUTH LAND OF POOR 1.0 Piotarw of Indian Territory Along the Texas Border, “A Fertile, Cuftivated Reglon, Charming In | Coutour and Perspective, Provoentive of Joyous Acolaims and Fan< oles Traly Poetio, Hovstox, Tex., May 23.—[Correspondence of Tue Bee,|—On the 18t inst. 1 boarded the cars of the Sante Fe, at Guthrie, Okl, and resamed my southward Journey till I eame to Purcell, 8 town near | the northern boundary line of that part of the Indian Territory lying south of Okla- homa, Ttis situated on the line of the Sante Fe rmlroad, in Pontotack county, a short distance west of the Canadian river. from It is a lively, bustling Tittle city of 2,000 in- habitants, where business of every kind is brisk. Its streets are wide and well plaaned. In commerce, newspapers, churches and schools it will compare favorably with other towns of similar size. It may, however, Justly boast at least one private school of considerable note. Tt is an institution origi- nally designed for the education of Indian ohildren exclusively. All such children as can be induced to attend are educated there without cost to their parents or to the pub- tio~ But as such pupils now availing them- selves of its benefits are not equal to its ca- pacity, white children are also admitted to its privileges. The Indian youths now en- rolled there came from all parts of Indian Territory, with the oxception of a few from Kansas. The school has accommodations for about 200 pupils, About 150 are now in at- tendance. Of these, fifty board and make their home there. esides teach- ing the ordinary branches of & n)od English education, instruction given in domestic economy, music painting and fancy needle work. It has a corps of five teachers, devoted to their work and putting forth all their energies to make it a success in all its departments. The school buildings, together with the church and parsonage connected therewith, have been erected upon elevated ground, om- bracing an area of ten acres. The grounds were secured, the buildings constructed and the institution established some six years 8go by Miss Catberine Drexel, daughter of the wealthy Philadelphia banker,and most of its expenscs are being paid by her. 1t is in charge of the Franciscan sisters and is known as St. Elizabeth’s. Located as it is ina pioneer country and employed in giving anstruction to children of a savage or semi- savage race, it has been and still is a strong educational and civilizing force amoug the people who either directly or in- directly have fallen within the range of its influence. Indian Territory. ‘While at Purcell I availed myself of such opportunities as I found at hand for gather- ing some information as to the political status of Indian Territory. - The resultof my efforts in that direction I shall here set forth ina general way with as much brevity as possible. Asa whole it has no organized governmental standing. As a whole it has 1ot been erected into a territoryin the sense that New Mexico and Arizona are territo- ries. As a whole iv has no established terri- torial form of government. It is divided into several parts, each having a clearly fixed and definitely ascertained boundary, Xach of these parts ccupied by a tribe of Indians and such other persons as are pea- mitted to remain there. Each part, together with the tribe inhabiting i, is called a na- tion. o illustrate: That part allotted to and occupied by the Choctaws is called the Chactaw nation; that part occupied by the Chickasaws is called the Chickasaw nation, and so on with respect to other parts, Each nation has a rogularly established govern- ment of its own. The authority for tlo formation of such govern: ments is founded, in part, upon cer- tain treatics entered into between them ana the United States government, and 8lso in part upon certain acts of con- ges passed from time to time in pursuance such treaties. I glanced cursorily over seven of such treaties, entered into with the Chickasaws. The latest,bearing date in 1860, among other things provides thus they (the Chickasaws) shall have and enjoy the sights of local self-government subject to the limitation thaut hey shall pass no law in conflict with the constitution ot the United Btates or in contravention of the enact- ments of congress—Exercising the right thus rested in them the Chickasaws met in convention{ n 1867, foimed and adopted an Instrument entitled ““The Corstitution of the Chickasaws Nation.” In a general way this document is similar to the constitutions of the several states. Its frame work con- sists of articles, each of which is divided into sections. The first article contains a bill of rights, the second relates to the several departments of government: the third, to the legislative department and pre- seribes its powers; the fourth to the ex- ecuctive department; the fifth to the judicial department; the sixth, to the matter of educations and the seventh to a lot of mis- cellanie, Each section is in substance similar to sections velating to the sume subject matter as found in most any of our state constitu- tions. In accordance with the form of local government thus set up there is a legisia. ture which enacts laws, a governor who charge of their execution, a system of courts where such laws ave construed and admin- istored and where sults are brought, tried and disposed of in the usual way, Tho Chickasaws have passed quite a number of statutes upon a considerable variety of sube Jects. Their constitution and statutes ns printed in lfllsh and published in com- piled form, 1 looked over—including the seven treaties above named. The book makes u volume or 300 pages. 1 was told they were also ernted in the Chickasaw language, but whether this be true 1 am un- able to state. The salaries allowed some of their public officers are as fol- lows: The governor, $1.500 per annum; - districs court’ judges, $600; attorney general, $500; clerk district court, T Ju supreme court $200, and clerk supreme court $100. Those salaries oevi- tly don't allow much of a margin for ‘“‘treating the boys" during the pendency of elections. Evidence of Prosperity, Leaving Purcell I renewed my roamings for “sun-kissed lands.” My courso waus Almost directly southward through In. dian territory. To my surprise | found the country had ovidently been settled for several years. A considerable Acreage was broken and somo of it gaye ovi. dence of having yielded no small number of successive crops. Fields, cleared where timber had been dense in the somewhat dis- tant past, were in cultivation, Shade trecs sud fruit troes waived their branches in the summer broeze. Dwelling houses, gardens, rus, stables and the ke were numerous nees of various descriptions were obser Able. There were the old-fashioned worm fence running zigzag, the stake-and-ridered fonce, tho post-aud-rail feuce, the plank fonce, the plank-aud-wire fence, the wire fence and "the hedge fence. Corn was wver a foot high. Oats and wheat were nearly ready or ~ the harvester. Big farms and immenso pasturages lay adjoining each other. Everything looked mwu-oul aund gave fair promise for the ure. The landscape was less monotonous and more picturesque than any stretch of prairie ever before presented 0 view. It was varied and sharming. Perhaps more so at this season of the year than at others. Deep ravines sod embankments. depr s and mounds, canons and hills, hes and di- ides, lowlaud and lofty piateaus. val- s and coutinuous elevations, shady dells and ooth, grass-covered kuolls, rugged bluffs and stouy cliffs followed each other in rapld succession. Clearea fields, where stumps one, still fllthe lNil:hd. two and thres feet high were trees, with rings hacked d th stood leafless, dead and ', caught hy seen. Little rivulots and larger brooks of clear, sparkling water, rippling over bods of white, clean-washed pebbles resem- | bled streams of liquid silver glittering in the unshine, as they flowed onward toward the sen. Creoks of groater volume movinge with noise and turbulence, poured through rocky gorges. Muddy rivers recently swollen by generous rains, rolled slowly through their channels. The whole face of the country, where not In cultivation or made up of wood- lands, was clothed in & luxuriant growth of grass, wearing n deep emerald green and soft velvety appearance. So bewitching nre these boundless lawns of nature to a stran- ger, when behold about the houe of sunset, that he feels invited and beckoned to go out among them and there, amid the last, linger- ing rays of the glowing orb of day, “‘wrap his cloak about him and lie down to pleasant dreams.” Thie landscape, however, was not without further decoration. The hand of nature had been otherwise lavish in its adornments. Wild, native flowers were scattered all along' my line of travel Not surprisingly plentiful, it is true, but appearing with sufficient frequency to mingle at short intervals, sonsations of ex- quisite delight with the steadier and more ceaspless flow of moderato pleasure. They werc the genii, so to speak, bespangiing the crown of beauty covering the whole surface of the country. They were unlike in size and different in color. Some were large, some were small and some enjoyed a happy me- dium. Some rrcw upon tall stems, some upon short and some upon a stom midwa) between the two extremes. Somo were & golden yellow, some a spotless white, some a delicate blue and some a deep. rich red, Some were of a different hue from any of those already described, while others were robed in a harmonious blending of several colors. _Some secmed to bow in gentle cour- tesy. Some seemed to sweetly smile. Someo swayed tremblingly to and fro as if in thrills of merry laughter. Some seemed to shrink from the gaze of lookers-on, asif moved thereto by genuine modesty. And all, no doubt, gave forth loving exhalations to cheer the ovening breezo which seemed to woo and fan and kiss them. While still transported with tirese enchant- ing scenes, 1 .crossed the Red river, consti- tuting the boundary line between Indian Territory and the state of Texas. It was Just before the hour of twilight. The sun seemed to sink slowly below the western horizon, as if unwilling to bid adieu to the beauties of a landscape containing so much to please, to cheer and to charm. But soon the great curtain of the night fell, as it were, between me and the scenes by which I had for hours been spellbound and entranced. Unable to recover at once from the all-absorbing sen- sations in which I had become immersed, I sat for some timeina dreamy sort of rev- erie, revolving in my mind the many things and thoughts which had “jeweled the fleet- ing moments with a joy,” and made me sigh that they should ever cease. Never be- fore did I say farewell, with more reluc- tance, to the receding light of day, or meet with less cordial welcome the gloomy shades of approaching darkness. J. T. MORIARTY. Chamberlain’s Cough Remedy has become famous for its cures of throat and lung dis- eases. It is intended especially for coughs, colds, croun and whooping coughs, and 1s tho most’ effectual remody known for these discases. Mr. C. B. Main of Union City, Pa., says: “Thave a great sale on Chamber i T warrant every bot- heard of one failing to give entire satisfaction.” CHEAP JAG. Man Accumulates One at Very Little Ex- penso to Himself. While the reporter was poking along the street, wishing that a large and juicy item would rear up and paw him in the face with both feet, he bumped into the proprietor of a wholesale liquor house coming out of his place mad, says the Detroit Free Press. ‘‘Hello!” he exclaimed, ‘“excuse me, what's wrong. Don’t I see blood in your oye?” *‘It's there, whether you see it or not,” was the curt reply. ‘“Tell me about it.” “‘Go in there and sitdown; T'll be back presently The reporter went in and the proprie- tor came back on time. “Idon’t want to get into the newspa- pers;” he said, “but I do want to down a scoundrel, and Il tell you what the matter is. This morning a man came in here and wanted to buy ten barrels of whisky. He gave me his name and the town he lived in. Said he was W. H. Atalie of Saginaw and had just opened a place there. He looked secdy, but I've got several customers that ave careless in dress, and I didn't count much on that. Mr. Atalie wanted three or four different kinds of whisky, and as we usually do 1 let him sample it. He didn’t touch the cheaper grades, but of the finer grades he took three or four drinks that were enough to paralyze a brick steam boat. Then he Ic(t the order for the goods and told me he would be back at 4 o’clock with a check in full.” “*Well,” interrupted the reporter, “it isn't 4 o'clock yetand he may be back, as he said.” “Will he?” shouted the proprictor, in fine ivony. “Will he, indeed? Suppose you goand look in the alley and see if you think the man on that straw pile out thiere will be any place except where he is at 4 o'clock. No, sir. I’ een mak- ing inqui and that Atalie isn't any- thing but a confounded tramp that had gall enough to work a sucker like me for the drinks and he succeeded. [ wouldn't have shipped the whisky, of course, on a chance like that, but in my caution on the big thing blamed if I didn't slip up smooth on a plot on the little one. Come out and let me show you my friend from Saginaw,” and the proprietor escorted tho reporter through the store to the alley at the rear. They found Mr, A- sleeping there peacefully, with u bab, smile on his face, and the reporter dian't dare to laugh until he could get to a safe place. ——————— Are You Thinking Of what you ought to take with you when you go to the World's fair? Your outfit will nov be complete without a bottle of Cham cerlam’'s Colic, Cholera and Diarrnwa Remedy. The change of water aml diot, fa- tigue and irregular f\ubm during your trip are almost certain to produce disrrheea, and a dose or two of this remedy may save you serious sickness and perhaps much exponse. Procure it before leaving home. et L Seethe celebrated Sohmer piano at Ford & CharltonMusic Co., 1503 Dodge. — Domestic Tragedy. Detroit Free Press: They were sis- tors, these two, at the moment in awful peril, and they e alone in the house n their extremity, . ‘*Huere,” said the elder one, handing her sister a deadly looking dirk, * is g knife. Bethink you you can use it?" “1 bethink me I'can,” replied the younger girl with chattering teoth, “‘but, oh, Celeste, is there no way but this?" She had read Virginius, ‘*None: methinks !f hear him move,” “S'do . He is struggling to oscape.” Open the cellar door cautiously, I have oiled the hinges. I will stand here and hold the light. Courage, brave girl! Hist! I can hear him stir.” “Now nui' the fatos defend us,” whis- pered the girl with the knife,* and save me from a death ignoble. What vital part shall I strike, Celeste?" “Giveit to him In the neck, sister, But soft, is yonder light the Jjoeund orb of day, and” has she night faded into morrow?" . **Nay, that is the electric light on the corner vl:‘i)elhfl.hjun u‘howold its hand. i go now m, Y have s it, to k-k-kill him!" ” " ‘The brave, heroie, beautiful girl and where many of the barkless, ca it ) attention. Extensive forests i leaf, fatine’ wick Rkt Tl e o o ) Which 00t & ahrub, bash or tree. could be plunged down the stairs into the opaque l«;gxhlrr}u}:f&?muln '.l moment a ter- rific shrie ’eleste at once r the brand—told that all was «::.vmud **Are you bringing him up?” asked the et ¥ g " Yoy firl at the head of the cellar stairs in & voice alike on both sides. “Yes, by hand," game the ghostly whisper. The next moment he was dropped on the floor and the sisters threw them- selves into cach other's arms, while shrick after shrick clove the purple dis- tance of the night. They had murdered a mouse. Piles of people naye pues, but De Witt's Witch Hazel Salve will cure shem. prdilakAa BALAKLAVA SURVIVOR. Lives in Californin and Describos Charge of the Six Huandred, With right hand crippled by a saber t, side pierced by a Cossack lance, forchead seamed by a Russian musket ball and throat searred by a bayonet thrust, a hero of the Light Brigade which charged at Balaklava is dragging out his days in Petaluma, neglected and em- bittered by England’s ingratitude, says the San Francisco Examiner. The man is William I. Humphrys ana his home a little tenement on Sixth street in the town mentioned, where he lives for- gotten by the world which will not soon cease to speak of what he did in his youth at Balaklava. the ® |CREAT PANICS OF THE PAST Humphrys is an Irishman of Dublin | and, although nearly 80 years old, he shows what must have been a wiry and powerful frame before wounds and dis- ease bowed the shoulders, whitened the hair and made the step halting. Never having known his parents, the father being killed in the Eust Indies and the mother dying when he was 3 days old, the baby was cared for by a grandmother and had every educational advantage until he was 18, At that age a love of adventure in- clined himto the army and a commission as a licutenant in the cavalry service was purchased for him by his grand- mother. Tt was in 1849 that he began to learn tactics, and within a_few months his advance in the art of war was so marked that he was sent from the train- ing school at Chatham up to Aldershot to &oln his regiment. Until the mutterings that preceded the wur of the Crimea were heard young Humphrys lived the graceful lifs of the English ‘officer: just enough discipline and drill to maintain efficiency, while all besides was pleasure. The Crimean war progressed with varying fortunes until October, in 1854. Toward the end of that month, on the 24th, when the allied forces were about Sebastopol, the Turks had lost a battery of field guns. On the next day the com- mander-in-chief of the allies decided vo rotake the guns. During the campaign what was called {The Lizht Brigade™ had been formed by accepting such squadrons from the various giments of light cavalryas chose to volunteer for the service. It was presumed to contain the choicest of the mounted soldiery of England, and was commanded by Lord Cardigan, a Yyoung peer who had in service justified the favoritism which originally gave him position in the English army. The Light Brigade numbered 640 men, despite Lord Tennyson’s intimation that forty less participated in the famous charge. There were in the brigade two squadrons of fifty men each from the Fourth Light Dragoons, Eighth Hus- sars, Eleventh Hussars, hirteenth Light Dragoons and Seventeenth Lancers. The commanding officers of the squadrons, in order named, were: Lord Paget, Colonel Thewell, Colonel Douglas, Captain Oldham and Captain Morris. Twenty-three officers, twenty- three sergeants and eight trumpeters were killed on the field, and 451 horses were shot down. The brigade was camped in a grove of pines in a little valley before the forti- fied hill of Balaklava on October 25, 1854, when about 11 o'clock in the morn- ing:Captain Nolan, aide-de-camp to Gen- eral Raglan, the commander-in-chief, rode up to the quarters of the carl of Lucan, commander of the English cay- alry forees, and delivered an order to send the Light Brigade to retake the guns lost by the Turks on the day before. Lord Cardigan of the Light Brigade and the earl of Lucan were relatives, but not on speaking terms. Captain Nolan was a hot headed officer, notable as the “*best drilled man in Eurove.” When the order was delivered Earl Lucan asked: ‘‘Where are the guns?” because from his position among the pine trees he could see nothing of the movements on the field. ‘‘There they are, and it is your duty to take them,” was Captain Nolan'’s impul- sive but impudent reply. The Light Brigade was into action and av 11 out from the pines into the open and narrow valley, at one end of which two full Russian battéries w in position. It was easy enough to see *“the guns” then, and Humphrys, in telling the story say: “They looked big enough to ride into, but we were ordered to take them and there was nothing else todo. Lord Cardigan rode alone ahoead of us, and Captain Nolan, instead of go- ing back to Lord Raglan, as he should, was also riding before us, but on a line diagonally to the right, Nolan kept waving his sword to us, but we paid no attention,. When we had advanced at a trot for a few hundred yards a chain- shot struck Nolan in the chest. His horse wheeled and galloped toward us, and I could see that Nolan had received amortal wound; but he still sat erect, his sword arm was in the air, though the sword had dropped and when we came near he shouted in a shrieking tone and tumbled from his horse. *'Lord Cardigan kept increasing his pace and we kept up. After the first cannon shot, which killed Nolan, we were in a hell of smoke, thunder, chain- shot, canister, soli@ balls, grape and everything else that could be thrown from a cannon. “'Out of the 640 officers and men who formed the Light Brigade when we rode out from our camp, only 192 iived after the charge, and of qus survivors not one was unwounded, most of them hay- ing several injuries. “As we got up near the battery the smoke was 50 thick we could see noth- ing, but we galloped on and into the earthworks, It was only fifteen minutes from our leaving camp until 448 of the brigade had been killed. We had made the charge and were forming again in the valley below. “Lrode a little black mare, nearly thoroughbred. [ just let her go and af- tended to the use of my saber. Just as I got within the battery line a gunner Jabbed his bayonet into my throat, the boint piercing to the roof of my mouth, Then & bullet hit me in the forehead and 1 nearly fell from my mave, My hands dm})ped. and a saber cut nearly took my right thumb off, There were Cossacks in plenty and one of them Jjabbed his lance into my left side, but We beat the Russians off and did what we were told to do. *“The 192 survivors of the Light Bri- gade were seut back to England to get well and the brl*.da was reformed. I expected dn;umot on, of course, at least to a captalncy, but a young nobleman from Eton college was ‘made captain of wmy troop, and I was sodisappointed that 4 sold out my commission for £2,000 and came to Awerica, and here I am poor and crippled, just waiting for the ineyit- able day.” ordered o'clock rode ——— Plies of Ple nave pLes, bu V. Witeh uué'stuve vlmu‘l:.ra llnn: fa 31 Oanses and Oonssquences of the Oountry's Principal Financial Oonvalsions. HISTORY OF FIVE NOTABLE UPHEAVALS How Monetary Crises Wore Brought Aboat and the Destraction They Wronght In Former Years—The Great Gold Bubble of Binck Friday, The recent flurry in Wall street, coupled with the collapse of several speculative banks in various parts of the country, is insignificant compared with financial upheavals which form epochs in the history of the country. There were five of them—those of 1819, 1837, 1857, 1873 and the ‘‘gold bubble" of 1860. These were the most extensive and disastrous industrial and commor- cial convulsions which the country has known, the ill effects in each caso being felt for several years, In the popular mind, says the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, the eight years (1817-25) of Monrce in the presidency are memorable merely for the ‘‘era of good feeling,” the passage of the Mis- souri compromise and the promulgation of the so-called Monroe doctrine. It was notable also for another event, the oc- currence of the most extended and serious business disturbance which the country had known along to that time. As the Missouri compromise of 1820 was the first of the series of great slavery dick- ers and deals, which ended with the con- cessions of 1850, so the panic of 1819 may be considered the first of the series of extended financial convulsions, the latest of which began in 1873. Wild and ex- tended speculation was one of the im- mediate causes of the business disaster which set in in 1819, and another was the heavy merchandise importations from Europe, and especially from Eng- land, which the close of the war of 1812- 15 precipitated on the country. The speculation started with the reorgani- zation of the United States bank in 1817, which materially improved the facilities for business credits. Mismanagement on the part of some of the high officials of this second United States bank, and the favors which it granted to unscrupulous borrowers gave an impetus to specula- tion such as never had been known be- fore, brought the bank into trouble carly in its career and obliged it to cur- tail its credits and call in many of its loans. The speculators who had been ‘working” the institution in their own interest were thus brought up with a ‘“‘short turn,” and & general collapse in the fictitious values which their wild o‘lmrnli()nx had caused/was precipitated. The bank in this waysaved itself, and ultimately put the business of the coun- try on a solid basis ggain, but for two or three years the trade prostration was serious and widesprqad and great dis- tress was occasioned. . The tarifi’s connectipn with the panic of 1819 came about this way: Around the time of the outbreak’ of the war with England in 1812 congréss, as a war meas- ure, doubled the rates of all existing duties. This law re‘{n‘pined in operation about four years. Imports practically ceased under this law and the risks which the war caused:to commerce, and the capital of the country turned at once to manufacturing, ad its best avenue for profit. The shipping interest was crip- pled by war and the legislation hamper- ing foreign commerce. and a large part of the money invested in this interest was diverted to other channels, but chiefly to manufacturing. The close of the war and the expiration a littlo later of the war tariff, found the country with alarger number of factories than it could have gained in three or four times that period in any other condition, and the factories were able to go a long way toward fully supplying the country with commodities in_their line. When the restraints against foreign commerce were removed the country was flooded with cheaper, and, doubtless, better goods from England, and the domestic manufacturer found a competition he could not cope with on existing terms, Factories began to close at once, and eventually this produced the condition of uncertainty and depression which the collapse of speculation before mentioned intensified into panic and transformed into prolonged financial and industrial prostration. Business men of all kinds adjusted themselves to the new conditions, how- ever, as well as they could, and the wise action of the United States bank already alluded to at length restored confidence, while the tariff of 1824 atforded the man- ufacturers reasonable protection in the directions in which they needed it. “I leave this great country prosperous and happy,” said Jackson ina farewell address about the time he left the pr dency in the early part of 1837, Appea ances were delusive, however. Scare had Jackson's successor, Van Buren, e tered the white house when one of the most widespread and disastrous financial convulsions which the United States has r Known set in. he panic of 1837 was more extensive and serious than that of 1819, The coun- try was considerably more populous and 1ts business interests were far more di- verse and important. About 9,000,000 inhabitants were in the country when the crash of 1819 set in, and 16,000,000 were here when the convulsion of 1837 took place. The difterence in the vol- ume of business between tho two dates cannot be so readily figured out, but it Was_enormous, About the time that Van Buren entered upon his duties a large business house in New Orleans failed. This was the beginning of the panic of 1837, The financial storm which'had been gather- ing during the whole of the Jackson ac ministration now barst forth with terri- ble fury. Loans wete called in by the bank+, bank circulation was contracted and business men of the highest stand- ing in the community, being denied a commodation bfl the financial institu- tions, were unable to meet their debts, Banks, too, wenu down in the tempest, Business houses which had successfully weathered many financial gales were wrecked. Allsorts jof property imme- ately and immenselydeclined in values, Suddenly everybody seemed to be in- solvent. Confidence vanished. Nobody would trust anvbody, Unreasoning ter- ror seized almost the entire community, Business came 10 a standstill, In New York Cit(y alone in March and April, 1837, the failures reached the enormous sum of $100,000,000, In New Orleans in the same time they aggre- gated $50,000,000, Other business cen- ters suffered severcly also, All the banks in New York “suspended specie payments, and the legislature of that state authorized the suspension to con- tinue for one year. Banks in other cities followed the example of those in New York and specie virtually disap- peared from circulation. Even the nited States government had the greatest difficulty to obtain gold or sil- ver, and it was compelled to pay the army aud navy in paper money, which, though worth its face at the time of o ment, might be immensely r«duoer {n value tomorrow. Factories and busi ness enterprises of most sorts stop) altogether or were run only on gquarter or half timo, and great number of em- ployes were thrown out of work. A deputation of morchants and bankers from York called on Presi- dent Van Buren in May, 1837, two months after he gained office, and ap- Pealed to him to summon an oxtra ses- sion of congress to provide means of re- lief from the prevailing distross. Con- gress was called to assemble on Septem- ber 8, but beyond the passage of a bill authorizing the issue 0’ £10,000,000 in treasury notes it did very little of what the Hmoph' demanded or Van Buren de- sired. Tn the regular session, however, congress passed an independont treasury bill, which Van Buren rccommended, providing a special receptacle for the money of the government, which had previously been deposited in a fow banks called, by the government's foes, *‘pet banks.” “Out of this law developed the treasury and subtreasuries, the latter of which are situated in the chief cities, In Tylor's presidency the independent treasury schome was repealed, but under Polk it was re-enacted. In 1857 the third of the great finan- clal crises occurred. This was a stormy Iwriml. The passage of the Kansas-Ne- raska bill three years earlier had re- pealed the Missouri compromise, and thrown the territories open to sluvery: tho sections were beginning to prepare themselves for the desperate political struggle which was to oceur at the polls three years later, and the shadow of the greater and fiercer struggle lying bo- yond was already looming up. But ‘the financial situation drew men's thoughts away frorm coming political combats and concentrated them on the immediato danger. The panic of 1857 was ushered in by the failure of the Ohio Life and Trust company of Cincinnati, which occurred on August 24 of that year. This was in the first year of the Buchanan adminis- tration, as the beginning of the panic of 1837 had been in the first year of the ad- ministvation of Van Buren. The liabil- ities of the Ohio Lifcand Trust company were over $7,000,000. It was an institu- tion whose credit and prestige stood especially high. When it fell it brought banks and business houses in different parts of the country down with it. Sev- eral banks in Philadelphia succumbed soon to the storm, runs were made on banks in the principal cities in the vari- ous states, and suspensions of specie payments became general, though not quite universal. Factories and other business enterprises stopped work and immense numbers of people were thrown out of employment. A widespread pros- tration in business set in. For a year or thereabouts the scenes of 1837 were repeated. The rally cceurred quicker, however, than it did from the panic of 1837, for most of the strong banks re- sumed specie payments within six months after the crash set in, but it was 1860 before all the traces of the financial wreck were removed, The principal causes of the financial convulsion of 1857 were: (1) Wild spe ulation in lands. (2) Excessive build- ing of railroads. (3) Overproduction in most lines of manufactured goods. (4) Inflated prices on the general articles of necessity and on many articles of luxury. These were the immediate causes. The ultimate cause was the discovery of gold in California. The finding of the California gold fields was one of the great events of the first half of the nineteenth century. It stimulated trade not only in the United States, but in every civilized land, and exerted an influence on the commerce, industry and social life of the world which is felt to this day. Its first effect, however, in this country was far from beneficent. It started an insane specu- lation and led to the general trade ex- cesses pointed out in the preceding para- graph, which in the reaction that was inevitable resulted in dis- aster in 1857 and 1858.. Everybody supposed he was going to get richina hurry, and consequently he put highly exaggerated prices on everything he had to sell, and the same hopeful feeling led him to pay without a murmur exces- sive prices for the things he had to buy. Lands were bought with the expectation of being sold next day at a large in- crease. Railroads were constructed on the assumption that the tremendous ex- vansion in population and wealth hoped for would enable them to payimmense dividends at once, while in reality many of these roads were beyond the needs of the country for the next dozen years. The same buoyant spirit ied to the over- production of all kinds of goods. Every- body was going to be wealthy anyhow, and therofore everything which was made would find ready purchasers at high prices. The awakening from this dream was rude, but it was salutary, and business as well as men's plans and expectations eventually adjusted it self to the normal conditions. “Black Friday,” which came in 186 is the next on the list of monetary di turbances. This aflair, however, was a mere flurry, and though immense sums of money were made and lost by it, and Wall street was demoralized for several days, yet, its effects on gen business were only transient compared with those, of the convulsions of 1819, 1877, 1857 and 18 Jim Fisk,” who was killed two or three years later by Edward S. Stokes, and Jay Gould were the big figures which organized the “Black Friday” deal, Their object was to corner the gold market and force gold up to 180, Gold was then a commodity and was bought and sold like ordinary merchan- dise or like stocks. It was at'a premium in our currency, and remained so until January 1, 1879, when specie payments were resumed by the government, The conspirators controlled, or imagined they controlled, nearly all the gold held in private hands, and got it at about 131, By manipulation they at once sent it up to 150, &’hln is the price at which it stood on the morning of that fateful Friday, September 24, 1869—*‘Black Fri- day. Everybody felt that the corner could not be broken unless the government sold gold, while the clique boasted that the government was on its side. The prices, which started at 150 on this memorable Friday, were slowly but steadily forced up 1o 162, while bulleting posted in every city fn the country showed the advance. Such excitement was never seen in the country atany other time as was shown on that day. But the culminating point was reached when the quotation touched 162, Un- known to the conspirators, the treas- ury had come to the rescue. At the 162 bid 1,000,000 was sold to the clique, and the price went down to 161. At this rate and at 160 other sums were sold, and all by the same individual. Con- sternation seized the clique, and they, as well as the onlooker t\e;um to real- ize that this individual, who stood calm in the midst of this confusion, must have measureless resources at his back. Suddenly his identity was di- vined. Like lightning word went through the exchange, ‘The treasury is selling!” Scores of operators rushed to sell, and in a few minutes the quota- tion had dropped to 135, The gold bub- ble had burst, and ‘“‘Black Friday” passed into history. Next on the list of the country's finan- cial convulsions, and the latest of all of them thus far, was that of 1873. Early in that year a general feeling of insecur- ity began to be felt in business circles, Banks curtailed their loans and exer- cised greater discrimination in bestow- ing their fuvors. Shrewd business men, t0o, shortened their periods of credit. The knowing ones on all sides began to provare for the financial tornado which thoy felt to be impending. And yot, when tho storm did come, it may be said to have taken the country by surprise, In September tho crash came. On the 8th day of that month the New York Se- ourity’ and Warchouse company sunk under its load of Missou Kansas Toxas; on the 13th, Da went down with Canada Southern, and on the 17th, the fateful 17th of Septem- ber, the great banking honse of Tay Cooke & Co. was buried under the weight of Northern Pacific and the panic of 1873 'hen banking and bu { ess s on all sides collapsed and the | New York Stock oxchange put up its shutters for the time being. In the remainder of l“"'{tho S calamity witnessed in 1 ropeated. Banks susponded payments temporarily throughout the greator part of the country and many of them were wrecked pormanently. Factories suspended or reduced the hours of labor, large numbers of employes wore thrown out of work and the distress was wide- spread and serious. The eoffects of the panic lasted until about the middle of 877, or about a year and a half before the resumption by the government of the specie payments, which had been suspended in the early part of the civil war. The principal causes for the panic of 1873 may be broadly summarized thus; 1 Drew's firm nes of and 1857 were (1) The inflated and fuctuating cur- rency. ) Large exports of gold. (3) Ex cessive railway building. %h Hoavy speculation in real estate and in other directions, In 1873, and along to the beginning of 1879, gold was merchandise, and was bought and sold like other merchandise or property dealt in on the commercial exchanges, and was subject to rapid fluctuations in value. For’ many years, too, the exports of gold largely éxceeded the imports, in response to an adversoe balance of trade and other causes. Rail- way building in the west during that era had gone beyond the demands of business for half a dozen or half a score of years to come. Over $1,000,000,000 was sunk in 1871, 1872 and the first half of 1873 in railway building which, for the time being, was almost a dead loss, this immense sum of money being with- drawn for years from the channel of commerce, to the great injury of all branches of business. The chief railroad projected at this time was the Northern Pacific, which wrecked Jay Cooke. The speculation in houses and lands was not as extensive as was that in railway building, but it helped to expand the bubble of fictitious values whose collapse spread demoralization and ruin on all sides. Several financial flurries have oc- curred since 1873--those of 1881, 1884, 1890 ana 1893 being the severest. Prac- tically speaking, however, they have been confined to Wall street, and their effects, except in the case of the flur of 1881, did not last beyond a few months. —_—— NOSE BLEED. Frenchman's Plan tor Stopping It Sald to Be Successful. Nose bleed, which is quite unusual in old age, is frequently observed during the years of puberty. It may be brought on by a variety of causes, and appear af- ter a sunstroke or a sudden chango in the temperature or atmospheric pres- sure, or by a blow in the region of the nose. It can also appear at the begin- ning of typhoid fever or measles or during an attack of articular rheuma- tism. ~Diseases characterized by an al- teration of the blood render the patients particularly liable to nose bleed: this is the case with diseases of the liver, spleen and kidneys. The pro ventive treatment of bleeding at the nose consists in the medication of the com- plaint under the dependence of which it appears: but to check the hemorrhage itself when it has once appeared, the simplest means are the application of cold cloths to the face or injections of hot water in the nasal foss. * In more tenacious cases it is well to resort to direct pressure by introducing the fin- ger as far as possible into the nostril, or else to plug the nasal fossa as accurately as can be done. It may happen,however,that these dif- ferent methods fail, and that the abund- ance and persistency of the bleeding constitute an actual danger. Under these circumstances it will be advisable to use antipyrine, which, according to a writer in the New York Herald, has succeeded in the hands of M. Guenot of Laroche-en-Breuil in the most unexpected manner. This method, which he has used for over two years now, has never failed. It consists in sniffing up or injecting into the nose a solution of antipy > in five. With grown persons it enough, but with young and fractious children it is necessary to have the head held tightly and bent forward while the solution is injected into the nose, the mouth being kept open. When this is done the nos- trils should be closed with the fingers to prevent the liquid coming back at once Phis method is extremely simple and if it turns out to be as eflicacious as Mr. Guenot claims it to be it will soon be the regular treatment of noses. _— SAVED BY A SPIRIT VOICE. Indiana Engineer's Story of cape Krom Death, C. W. Moses of Garrett, Ind., who, by the way. is the son of a Methodist min- ister und himself a member of the Meth- odist church and not a spiritualist, was Narrow Es- in Fort Wayne the other day and nar- rated to a News reporter the following remarkable incident: “It was in 1855," suid Mr. Moses, “‘and I was running from Garrett, Ind., to Chicago on the night run and pulling the ‘limited.’ I Teft Garrett at 1a. m. for Chicago on the night in question. We left Garrett in good cmuhlhm. but a few minutes late, Prof Hirshber ““Tired in the Morning.” This feoling, even aftor a good nigh | €loep, avises from a disordored stomao A littlo gonuine Carlabud Sprudol S will tone the stomach and drive aw this senso of wonriness. Be sure and cure only the genuine. The celebrated New York and Louis eyo expert, BY SPECIAL 1 QUEST will remain in OMAH NEB., UNTIL MAY 27 ONLY, HOW 3E YOUR EYES) Do They Ache, Burn, Itch, Wat or Tire Upon Continual Us: { f they do they are dafective a¥ should bo carofully fitted with glased Are you subject to ohronio headache vhe kind that begins in the region bac of ana around tho eyes, making t' eyes feol hoavy and dull? If so ) oyes are at fault and a pair of glasses needed. DONT NEGECT YOUR EY 5 When you can call and consult 4] eminent oculist. B Remember the dates, MAY 28 TO 27 At the store of 3 MAX MEYER & BRO.C( Sole Agents for Oimaha, Neb. 1 B 3 RBAD TESTIMONIALS, . MILWAUKER & §T. PAUTL NERAL AGENT'S OFFIC Dr. Hir ination made RATLWA . OMAIA, Dec. §, 189 op c oxall my 0yos 8OOMS to Mo MOst thy! staking and | can earnostly roco; 1n neod of glasses. Yours resped F. A NI OMATIA, March 21, 1503, —Dr. Dour Sir-'I have tried' the glass which you made for m o to any whether | am ng through ginesh .1 wish you great success 1o your travols ove thisstate. Those glasses are such an lmproveme to my eyos that 1 can 830 as woll as 1 could 1 tako groat pleasure In rec 0 who In afliictod ¥ Gen OMATIA, Avril 8, 159, Sir—1 havo been woaring the g for mo over since [ _recolved th ) much pleased. Thoy aro 80 ensy on tho eyes, Ly strain Is ontirely relleved, and at the can see much bettor than boefo Rospoctfu yours. CHANLES CONOYHR. | rellef as these do. Yours very truly, Sealed proposals will be received by th Stato Printing Board at the offico of the se retary of state at any timo beforo Mond M 29, 1893, at 4 0" and binding 6, 1893, including 500, sepurately printed and bound tn puper proof sheet, covios of tho “New, berry BiIL" Sesslon laws to be printed on two-pounc book paper, small pica type, pages to be sam size and form as the lnws of 1585, with mar’ s and index, bound in fulf sheep. Proposal ill ulso be recs nd at the sAm #tme and or printing the supreme cour: ' rt calendars and for furni, and I endeavored to ‘mike up' lost time on what is known as ‘Suman’s grade,’ which is some twenty miles long and ter- minated at Salt creck. The lust thr miles is perfectly straight to the Salt creek bridge. When my train reaghed this straight track I noticed a white pil- lar or cloud occupying the placo of the bridge and reaching quite high. took it to be fog, but neither above nor below the bridge was the same visible. [ asked my fireman if he saw it, and he said *Yes,’ but thought it was a fog. About this time I felt as if some one were in the seat behind me, but on turning around no one was visible. 1 then felt a hand upon my right shoulder and then heard my mother say: ‘Charlie, that bridge is burned.’ I felt the fingers very |n]nlnly upon my shoulder. I knew my mother's voice. Can any one forget the voice of a mother? At once | appiied the air; or, at least, as soon as I recov- ered my astonishment. The train came to a standstill about twenty feet from the cast approach of the bridge. [ told my fireman that I would take my torch and walk across the bridge and that he should not move the train until T sig- naled. I walked about fifteen feet when I came to the end of the bridge—found thav thirty-seven feet had burned and dropped into the water and put the fire out. What [ saw made me 50 weak that 1 did not have any strength to move and sat down on the end of the remnant of the bridge. The conductor soou came to where I was and I related to him what I have now told to you.” o e Piles of people have piles, but De W ity Witch Hazel Salve will cure them. 4 nks, blank books and circalurs, Ink (o blanks, aired by ' thil officers of the executive department of Llu" state fora period of two yeurs from date o} | contract. Sumples and estimatos of kinds and quantite of supplies to be fu ed can be seen at thy office of secretary of stite. Proposals must stato for what price the bis) der will fur all books In this cluss i page, and for all blanks and circulars pgy hundred. ’, Eacl proposal must bo accompruled by ¥} bond in"the sum of $5,000, with two or mo: surotios, conditional that the bidder will, ® case of ‘award, within five days after noth enter into contract to do the work. # Bids to be marked “Proposals for Publ) Printing,” care of sec f state Galley and page p WS nished to the proper officer, and all work to 1. delivered in good order freo of cost at tl office of the s ary of state within sixi | uys from the date of contract, Hight to releo or il bids reserved. an S BARTLEY, 7 rer. Of State Printing Boa,’ M20d1c4* ust be fu Sealed bids for $10,000.00 of school bulld bonds will be recelved “by the prosident o of the sehool district flow, N D to 1 o'clock p. n June 1, 1894, said'honds 1o bo Issued b Bourd of Education of the above name triet; will hoar 6 per ¢ semi-annually, and bot pal made payable at the fiscal a, Jraska in the elty of 5,000,00 of said bonds “will se Broke c, or t No w’Vork. run for t 00,00 will ri 3. Tho rig | sldont & NG, Secretary ay 18, 1898, Miy21d 11 STRENGTH, VITALITY, MANHOO® en yeurs tro to reject wiy and ul uul:lu';:: 3 e/ con i, A chan o) VEARODY MED{CAL INSET YR Lo wh 9 was awardcd the GoLD WEDAL by the NATION 1LEDICAL AsuoctATioN (0i the PITZE ESSA Krhausted Vitality, Atropdy, Debility, avs nil Disea .on the young, the middle-age GURES ¢ ton a0 person or by letu ] Large book, SC) with wetimonials, FRE ENCE OF LIFE, OR SEI PRESERVATION, 300 pp seriptions, full salk only 81. 5 invaluable p L mall, soal DoN'T FRET! i ves; don't be pale. wekk, ni :3:‘11::‘::||.!urlueplm| don't have pain i bac , 't ide: don't bo without smbition Tor work « 'u'e'u-uu l'ul.nl(eunwlgaonll!m Use Nrr\ Beans. » new vegetablo discovery of r K MEAAD o bower aver all nervous troubles Both sexes #1 a 'box, enough for two' weok k | A aruggists, or by wull, Norve Boan O ) Bufralo, BIRNEY’S SHafieiis® dete " OUR EMPLOYMENT DEP'] whilecosting the employer and employe nothing, has ensbled us to advance the later: ests of both, and also our own, by securia Letter resutts with the wachine. Wyckoff, Seaman & Benedic} TELEPHONE 1758 i3 FARNAM 8P,