Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, November 13, 1892, Page 10

? GERMA Physical and Ficoal Features of the Best Managed City in the World, Y'S CAPITAL METHODS OF A MODEL MUNICIPALITY In Berliu They Run Thinzs in the Interest of thy Citizens, HEALTH AND COMFORT FOR BEAUTY, Millions Aro Epent That Streets May bo Clean end Fuildings Safe. SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT FIRE INSURANCE avily Taxed, but the fte- Toverybody In 11 Admirable— suits A ‘olite but Pers sistent Explonage of the Police~In ta Care of the K the ¢ Benwiy, Nov. 1,—[Special Correspondence of Tne Ber.|—Berliu is eniarging its boun- daries, and suburban towns are to be taken 1010 the city within o short timo which will givo It a population of more thau 3,000,000 s will make it tho sscond city of the world, for Paris bas less than 2,500,000 and New York and Brooklvn togethor counted up by the last consus ouly 000, Berlin has grown like a green bay reo since the Franco-Prussian war, and thero is no city in the United States whick has increased so fustin population. In 1350 she nad less than 000,000 people, and befora she went to war With France she nad only 750,000, Aftor the war the prople flocked in feom all parts of Gormany, new houses wero buily erywhere and, on the basis of the 81,000, 000,000 whioh Germany was to recoive from Irance, the capital had a groat boom. [t had a panic in 1573, but it recovered from this ana it has been growing steadily from that time to thy 1t now covers the area of twonty-fiva 640. acte farms and the Spreo valloy, upon whict 1t i built, is as Hav as & floor. 1t is built on wsort of sandy plam und the Spreo river runs through iv, and there aro canals and arms of this which cut up the city and which are coverad with beautiful bridges. “There is no place in the world where you will find such a uniformity of good build- fngs. The houses arc of vast sizo and you can drive for miles and milss throuzh broad well paved stroets which aro walled with three, four and five-story bouses, all sub stautially built and ail looking clean ana now. The most of these houses are of brick, covered with stucco, and it is ouly in tho old parts of the city that you find any moastrosi- ties 1n architectur Best Managed City in the World. Berlin is the best managed city in the world, and its city fathers rezulate the style of the buildings which shall be put up. You can’t build a dog keuuel without showing a dosign of it at the city hail, aud no man can put up a signboard on his own house until hu has skown a diagram of it and has gotten the permission of tbe goverameat. You can’t put down a pavement in front of you r house without a permit, and the governient watches your bullding and insises that you wake your walls just 5o thick, and the ceil- iugs muat be of a viven height and the fronts arust be of 8 uniform patte In building the house you are not. allowed to litter the street with your bricks and mortar, una all the materials for building must be kopt in- side of tbo lot. You have to feuce ofi tho street while the building is going on, ana when your bouse las reached the height of the second story you must build a roof out over the sidewilk to prevent the bricks or mortar falling on those passing belov The building is done much better than With us and much more economically. Nearly all the mortar is mixed at oue place, 8ud there 1s o mortar company here which sells the mortar ready mixed to the builaers and which carries it about in iron wagons and delivers it Just where it is neeled Toere is no reason why sush @ company might not make mouey iu the citics of the United States. The Berlin establishment is paying dividends of 25 per cént on its capi- 1AL and it sells its woriar like coal Al so much per wagonload or por ton. How Berlin Makes & Mill I don't know how n much New York runs behind everv year, but there is scarcely a y of the Unitéd States which is nou dily 1ncreasing its debt. Consul General Kdwards tolls me that Berlin makes u protit of 5,000,000 marks every vear over all of ner expeuses, or $1,200,000. Tbe city here owns two-thirds of ' the gas stock and it sces that 1ts people have good light. Thero ar &us lamps o tho corners of every street and the posts ure of a tasieful pattern. Kach Post has four buroers ana the lamps aro so wided by reficctors from atove that their poweris doubled. The posts are higher than ours and I wouice that some of ihem hays Argaud burness, This gas stock is very valuable and the gas company furnishes private houses as well as the ciy. Iv s the same with five insuranc city iosures its own buildings against the law for another pany to give out policies o city, in the first place, sees that the buildings 81 properly put up ind that the protection ugaiost fire is of the best character, und it then mukes every man take out an insurance policy 10 prevent loss in case of fire. Tho usurance stock s geod and the city, of course, mukes mouey by ir. ‘The vnly othor iusurance companies of Berlin are thoso of 1ife insurance aund those whichinsure per sonal property. You can have your forniture msured by a private company, but the police aro liable to #tep in here and seo that vou don't overin- buret, and all toreien wsurance compunies have fo own enough city bonds Lo guarantee auy losses which their subscribers might sustain, The Equitanle, the New York Life unud othor American companies have oftices heroand thoy do quitn a lirge business. Tuev deciaedly objeet to this regulation as The and it is lusurancs com- buildings. Toe 10 the iuvestment of & part of their funds, can’t heip themselves, Miltlous for Clean Stroots., The strocts are well kopt, Berlin is fast becomine & city of asphalt, and voa can drop Your baudkerchiet almost anywhere and pick At up withoot soiling it. The city takes care of 1ts own sewers und it has & number of furms on 1ts outskirts over which thuse street sweeplngs urc scattered by the paupers of the city. ‘The sewagoe is pumped out of the sewers on Lo the furms, und through this the Jand has becowe the wost fertile in Ger- many. A large part of the cleaning of the streets is done by boys, who got something | cents u day aud wio are at work ou every block gathioring up the dirt as it falls and on & wet day scruboing off the streets with rub ber heooms or & sort of rubboer hose, These boya sometimes work in gangs, and o half dozen of them will take up a street and push the dirt on to the sewers, leaving the road as claan as though it wora scrubbed. If this scrubbing 1s done at night clown sand is the sireets to prevent the biorses or men from falling, and. the while Col¥, 0 fack 18 run in the interests of the P ople and of bealth and beauly rather than lu the interests of politicians ‘and corpora- tions, It costs more than 2,000,000 marks a year 1o keep the siroets oloau wad there are 700 streot cleauers, The eivil service rules ob- tain oven as to theso bovs and their wages are raiied aftor thoy have been workiug on the streets for Lhree yours, Berlin Adverty ' The buildings -ure kept as clean as the strects and every man has to wash down his houso about so often, and it is against the me 1aw to put up bill boards or to paste postors 0u the Louse bo was almost ¢ When Buftalo Bill was bere 'azy begause he could nov get ster up Lis big posters of his show, nad the only arrauge- ment by which posters can be putup is 1n connaction with round steet-iron tubes which are on the corners of the streets, and which are about fiftesn feet high and of the diam ter of a hogshead. These are especially for the pasting of vills. They are not unsichtly, and on them you Hnd the theater advertise- monts und business posters, Within the last few months the Urania company has been putting up savertising pillars ali over the city after a plan whioh forms perhaps the best advertising schemo in existence. These pillars are about fifteen feat bigh, and they are by no means unorna- mental, ‘I'hey aro as big around us a flour barrel, but ars octagonal in shape, and the are the most valuable guide that any city can have, They are conuectnd with the observa. tory of the city, and thers is a clock on each of them that always wives the correct timo, Above the clock thoro is a star showing the points of thi compass, 80 that vou cnn tell the directions from any place you may uap- pen to be, Below this star there is a globe which moves by machinery and whnich tells You the positions of the stars from day to dayv. Besido this stands tne clock, which has four round disks in different sides of the pillar, One of these gives the time at Beriin. Another gives tho world time and a third shows how the earth stands in the solar system from day to day B w this, with shades throwine wu electric lignt upon them at night, aro places for adver which are in frames under glass, I'hese re. Yoivo every minute and mixed up with toe advertisements are tables ot information ubout the city, ITn one of the plates below them there is the time of (rains leaving the city by ull the roads tod anotiar plate shows you tho condition of the barcmeter, the thermometer and of the humidity of tho air from bour Lo hour and kesps a record of it, Upon these pillars vou can always fina the nearcst police station and the nearest post- oftice, and there is a littie vlan of the section of the city in which the pillar stanas, with tho strects plainly marked, <o that by going 0 0ue 01 these vou cun always fina just what you want without asking questions. 1 uo not know the costof these advertising pillars, bul ns Low ones are being rapidlv put up I judge they must bo profitable, Such other street advertising as is done i with the sandwich men or by dodgers. You find men disteibuting vills everywhere and there ave plenty of grotesquely dressed figures carry- ing bill boards. Tne people advertise very well i the mako their w the buildings. The ¢ newspapers, and altogether they with ats kuown ut defacing Speaking of the Garman police,they put on more airs and arve far more obuoxious to stranvers than the policemen of St. Peters- burg. Tue Berliness iro said to have be very modest and aovassuming before the Germans whipped tho French, but sice then theirv conceit has grown immeasurably, and a German soldior or a Geewan policoman struts about with more airs than adrum major. He has u bigh ides of his_wuthority and ho med quite as much as do the policemen of Russia, It is the boast o the government here that it knows everv night just where every one of its subjecis sieeps, and the mowent you arrive at a hotel you aro asked your name, your place of residence, your prolossion, aad thisis forwarded by tho uotelkeeper to the police. If vou take a loging 1n the city out- side of a hotel vou are asked for your pass- port, and if vou stay anv timo in tue city an investigation will be begun of your ante- cedonts and your biograpny thus gathered will be filed away hero, [ have a friend in Berlin wholeft Germany about twenty-five years ago and went to America, where he became an American cit- iz00. He was in the German army before e left and served with honor, leaviug the service with the consent of the government some tme prior to his starting for America, He concluded to keep house here and he had harcly settled in his quarters vefore a police- man called upon -nim and asked for his pass. port, Fogaveit. ko then wanted to know how long he was going to stay and ho told les with all Kinds of business him that he expected to stop a vear. Said he: I tried to get rid of them, but they came aeain and again, At first 1 couldw'v find my passport and they saud thev would come in tomorrow at a given hour. I happened to be out when they came and they cam ihe next dav. They were vory polite but very persisient, and if I 't found it 1 believo they would be coming now. Well, they exammned me aguin and again and at 1ast took my afidavit. They askcl me where ! had been every week of the year sinco 1866, and they wanied me 10 zive tne day on whbich everything had oc- curred. Tbev wanted the time at which T went to A long I haa stopped in New Eugland, and when they lett they had a vecord of overy vlace and everyining [ had done in America, and; 1 have no doubt they wrote to the German legation at. Wasnington to find out whether 1 hiaa toid the truth. Thoy wanted to know the streots on which 1 nad lived in Berlin before I went and the uumbers of the touses in which 1 had boarded, and 1 have 10 doubt they have filed an accurata state- meunt of cverytbing I have done, aud if I shoula develop iutn a socialist or anything of that kind they could spot me at ouce, About German Taxatie “1 was surprised,” continued this man, “to find bow much they did know. After I had lived in my house about three montas I £0L 4 notice Lo come and pay my taxes and [ weut to the tax office. 1 was asked whut my name was and where I lived und they found me in a moment, and one of the clorks pulled out a book and said: ‘Yes, Mr. Blank, you came to Berlin Auzust | and registered at the Ceutral notel. You stayed there a woek, when you went o a pension on Friedrichs strasse and stayed there two weeks. ‘'ben you went back to the Hotel Central, and 1t Was just Lhree montns ago that you took your present rooms, paying 150 marks for them.’ I wuas thunderstruck at what the man knew, but te haa evervthing right and he nad golten the amount of my rent from the landlord, which bua been turued in ac- cording to law. ‘“I'uey tax you here on your incoms, and they got at your income Ly looking at your Something styio of living. it is gencrally estimated thiat a man spends oue-third of bis income for house ront, nnd s 1 pad 150 marks for rent i ith ¥ ostimited that I made 450 marks a I 1 had had botter rooms I would paid mors tax, and if u man lives in ¥10 here ne canuol evade taxation, A 5 thing about it was that they waited three months befora they taxed mo. Had I £0UC AWAY i Lwo months and a half I would oL have bad to pay a cent, but they watched me, aud as soon as my three months wero up they made moe step up and pay my taxes. Imagine New Yori wailing three mor.ths to tax u strungor. [very man Wwho makes more than $105 0 year hero'is taxed on Lis income, and cverything unacr the sua in Berlin pays a tux of home sort or other,” Run by the Kniser. You are not in Berlin long before you find that the cwperor Funs thecity, The soldiers of s army are more dictatovial and offen- $ive in their manuers tonan those of Itussia, Germany is supposed to have free pross, but a correspoudent cannot writs anything agaiost tho kaiser hore any miore than he could agast the czar in St. Petersbarg. He may bave one or Lwo letters publisned, but as 001 as they 2ot back Lo Gormany ho will be invitea to loave thes country, | neard to. day of an iustance in woioh a Hussian wrote somethiog about the sultan aud the czar which was not pleasing 1o the Gernans, He was told to leavo Berliz und ho bad to go. It is importantto have a passport on you here in Gormuny, especially 1f you are moy- ing about fu places that are at all question- able There was & man arrested for murdor bero uot long axo. His arrest was upjust ana unwarrautablo and he tried to get gumages, but the courts said be could bave vone because he dido’t happen to bave his passport with bim at the time he was airested, Sopeaking of the Kaiser, thero is a good deal of the politician about bis nature and he is always coddling the workivg classes. It is 0ot many wonths since by bis orders Berhy got new Sunday laws and tho stores are now open from 10 a, m. until 12, whereas y used to be open all day long. Now only the cigar stores und the cating establish- ments are open, and Lhough the servants and laborers Lave s rest the peopls are ais gustea, A great many families here bave been ac customed Lo buving their Sunday aiuuers from cook shovs or of getlivg parts of them, such as the ice crewm and rousts, from such places, Now they have 1o make (hew them elves or order them oo Suturday. The clos- lug is & good thing, for in Lhe past the clerks had to work in uearly all the stores until 10 AL night aud 1o the factorios tho lub- orers were foreed ta put in Suuday mornin in tho eleaning of wachin The polico now eniirce the closiug of the stores aud the | people, though thoy growl, submit House Servauts und the Police, You can't hire @ servant givl bere in Ber- lin without going to the police, and you bhave 1o muke out two hire mservant, One of these statements is for your iandiord aud the otuer is for the po- THE stalements whenever you | lice, ‘They desoribs the girl just #s n pass- port does. giving hor age, size and the color of her oyes and hair, You have to state whero she oame from, and when sho leaves you hiave to send in mnother statement snv- inz she ts gone. 1f vou say ste (8 a good girl and honest and the reverse {s true and she goes somewhero else and shows horself 10 be a thief, you are liablo to bw fined for giving ber a false recommendation. ‘Inis is the same with all sorts of servants, and a dishonest person cannot gota place here under falss protenses, nor can a man hero easily escapo the payment of his debts. One of the curious 1astitutions of the city is an iutellizence office,as it mizht be catled, where recoras of these passports are kept and where vou can go and find out just where any man of woman is stopping. 1l John Smith, who owes you & bill, moves to an- other part of Berlin to escapo you you have only to go to this oftice and by paying a few conts you will et a report which will tell you just where ho has lived in tho city and where you may find him at present. ihere 15 10 chance for a man to escape or hide hero and the argus eyes of the governmeant are AlWATS upou you, Frask G - CONNCBILITIES. A golden wedding was celobrated in the Milwaukee poor house last week. During the past twenty yoars §25,000 di- vorces nave been granted 1 the courts of the United States, Paul B, du Chailiu says that while he was in Africa ho had 22,000 opportunities to marry and declined thorn ali. T'wo deaf mutes were marricd at Spring- field, O, the other day. This 1s one of the cases where silenco;gave consent. Old women sav that the more a man spends on a girl during his engagement, the groator the likelihood that she will want for necessities after they are marrica, Perey Goosohead—] don't want to marry a blue-stocking—some girl that knows more L. Evelyn Spvarks—Why don’t you say at once that you mean to remain a bachelovt Anxious Wooer—Then, sir, I have your consent to pay my addresses to vour daugh- ter. A, if i ouly thought I could win her affections! Kager Father—Whv pot, my dear sir, why not! Ploaty of others have succeeded. Her Fathor—T believe you wish to spank to me about warrying my dauguter? Her Adorer—Yes, What are your habits, sicl And Talso wish to inquire concaruing, the amount of money you savo each year, aud to sk if you think you can make me happy. "'he first Philadelphia belle to marry in the Columbian year and go o Chleazo to spend the honeymoon iu the city of tho World's fair was Miss Alioo Vanuxem, daughter of tho Iate Frederick W. Vanuxem, who be- came the wife of John L, Cochran'of Cbicago last week f The weadine of Miss Clara Potter, oldast daughter of Bishop Henry C. Potter of New ork, 1o Mason Davidge, only son of Mrs, .- H. Davidge, took vlace on Wednesday afternoon 1n tho chantry of Grace chureh. The wedding was couducted with the utmost simplicity. Rich Merchant (to- his daughter)—I say, Emma, I think that young man who calls on you so mnch really means business. KEwma What makes von think so! Merchant— Nothing, except that he called at the com- mercial agency last week to find out how much I was really wortn. The epbgagemont is announced of Miss Marie ael Valle to tha Marquiz Aguadian, her cousin, Miss del Valle is also cousin to Lady Mandevilie, Lady John Lister Kaye, Miss Emily Yznaga and Ferdivando Yznaga, She mado her debut in New York sociaty last winter, but after the deith of her great uncle, Mr. Yznaga, went out very little. She is an extremely pretty brunctte, with unusual grace of manner. She will live 10 San Sebastisn, Spain, Noroton and Darien, Con., wers much astir Saturday of last week on tho occasion of the marriage of Miss Elzabeth H. Tilley of Darien to Mr, Frederick Clark Taylor of Stamford. The event was rendered doubly interesting on account of it bsing the twenty- fifth auniversary of the wedding of tho bride’s parents, at whose resiaence st Darien 8 dual reception was held immedintely fol- lowing the nuntial ceremony. The hoysé was bright with toral decorations and the clegant presents displayed. A wedding of great interest to old New Yorlkers was one of the events of Thursany last, when M.iss Coralie Livingston Gardi- ner, daughterof Mr. aud Mrs, John Lyon Gardiner of Gardiner's island, was married to Mr. Alexander Cox of England. The bride's uncestors were among the firstto settle in this country, and they have been people of prominence and wealth for generations, The bride wora some beautiful powt lace which comes from the treasure chests of the old manse on Gardiner's island and some supern jewels sent from Bogland by a very wealthy brother of the eroom, who,uulike most of the Eoglishmen who come over here to marry, is woll-to-do as rezards this world’s woalth. o H0YS HAVE THL CANPENTER, THE e ST, Datrott Free Press: One of the homeliest men in Detroit has a beautiful little girl about 5 vears old. The other day sha was sitting on his lap with a handglass before her. She looked at hor father a moment, then looked at herself and turaed to her mother, “‘Mamunt she inquired, *'did (God make ma “Yes, daughter.” “Did he make paps, toof" “Yos." Thenshe took ano ther look in the gl herself. **Well,” she said thoughtfully, ‘he's doing a great deal better work lately, isn't hel" at Spokane Spokosman: Recently two iittlo mites were plasing on the grass ata Sixth avenue residonce when a kindly faced man cnme along. “Oh, 00 do sway!" cried one whom ho at- tempted to cateb, “I don’t like 0o los 00 chews 'Dace “Well, vour papa chows tobacco,” urged the gontleman, “No, ho don't, he chews gum,” cried the mito, “Then yonr father does,” continued tho gentleman, turning to mite No, “He don't!” yelled No. 2 violeutiy; “be chews the rag ! Mrs, Slimson—Wiilia, sinco you huve been playing with that little Rawson boy, your cloihes don't last half so loag as they did. Willie—I can’t helpit, ma. He's the only boy I can lick in tho veighborhood, 5 * ‘Teacher—Now, Ernest, what is the oman- ing of *‘regenvration Ernest (quickly) Teacher To bo born aeain, Would you like to be born again, t wuch! I might be born a Miss Antique (taking seat politely prof- fered 1n crowded railway carriage)—Thank you, my littlo man. You have been taught to be polite, I am glad 1o ses. Did your wother toll you to always give up your ‘seat to ladies ! Polite Boy—No'm, notall ladies; only old ladies. . Wt Mr, Figg—H'm! I'séo that the loss to the people of Hamburg from the late cholera opiaemic will amount to 10,000.000 marks, Tommy—If they was to take the small pox tuey'd gov more'n ten million marks, wouldn't they, paw ¢ Visitor—Why, how™ big you are growing, Tommy ! If you don’t lonk out you will be gouting talier thau your father, Tommy—1 don't care if I do. DIl get even then. Pop'll have to wear wy old pants cut down for him, Teacher—Tommy Toughboy, for what is Christopher Columbus distinguished 1 Tommy-—He wuz de fast man t' git onto dis country. e Tommy- Paw. what's a nomad? Mr. Flagg—Why, it—ne1s 8 man who b 1o fixed habitation or home *“And is his wife a nomadam " —— WeeriNG Wates, Nev., Oct. 25, '00.—Dr, Moc My Dear Sir—I' bave just bought the third vottic of your Tree of Life. It is indeed a *“T'roe of Lafe.” ~ Dootor, when you 50 kindly giave me that first bottlo my right side was 50 lame and sore and my liver en. larged so muck that £ coula not lie upon my right side ut all. There was a sorencss over wy kidoeys all of the time, but now that troublo is all over. Isieep Just as well on one side as ou the other, aud my sloep rests and refreshes me, and 1 feel the best 1've felt iu fifteon years, aud I koow that it is all due 1o your Tree of Life. Yours very truly, L. F. DuoLe For sale by all druggists, OMAHA DAILY BEE: / B E—— U NIV ATy AN Al SUNDAY, -NOVEMBER (HOW THE GYPSY HHIBERNATES Winter Life of the'R~iming Romany in London T¢wh is Hard. RELATIONS OF THE COSTER AND THE GYPSY Pitifally wadio Amusing Makéshifts of the No- Folk to Maintaln Existence Within the Cramping Confines of the EnglistCapita Copyrighted, 1892 LoX0oX, Oot. #1.—{Correspondence of Tie Bk, ] —To mo there is something inoxprossi bly pathetic in the unvarying good humor and kind-heartednoss of Kaglish gypsios when their bard and bitter, though self- chosen, mode of life is considered. And this is nowhere on oarth made so plain and em- phatic as whon vou find thom in and sbout Lond n, all the brightness of the summor roads and lanes but a momory, and the cruel deprivations of winter—generally a winter's baltle for existence with a million otner lowly—staring them squarely 1n their stoloal faces, Crafty, wary, bard, unworthy vagabond though you deem him as he confronts you in this battle for 1ifo ana those he loves, he truly has another side, o cheery, good and manly one, too, that without one iota of the promuting to which all modera society stands indebted often glows with kindness, genor- osity, helpfulness, good cheor and a spirit of positive loveliness, Au ugly word is nover heard in a gypsy ocamp or band. A selfish aot is never soen. The eternal goading of a mean woman, the brutal obscenity of a bad man, the hateful jealousies of neighvors, the contemptible rivalries of pretended friends, each and all are as unknown as poison in the pure &ir of beaven they breathe in tent or upon the roud. ‘Thore Is a quality of sincerity and texder- ness in their doings with each other that is eversimplo, childlike and veautiful. Their mirth, merrimont und jollity are all consia- erate. Railiery 13 tolerant: wit never & murderous weapon, With thew good cheer is seidom license: merry-making leaves tle stini; Libsrty never knows lewdnoss. Ignorant as they muy be of your hooks; obstirately as they rofuse the *‘civilization’ of which we boast; seoretly proud as they are of tho ostracism which orands thom as ao outlaw ra heathsnish as you must consistently call them bocauso they hola your crodds in contempt—they aro yet more than the peers of any living People in overything tender and true and loyal erowing 1110 and_out of the domestic relution, and in #ll that which yields, with- out law or force, and as if unconsciously, the helpful goodness which ever prompts’ and always excecds exact justico to one's fellow Gypsy Colontes in Lond There are undouvtedly hundreds of locali- tes which may by termed “gypsy ground’ in London and” its farreaching suburbs, I have visited nearly thres score of these places within the past fow years. In some instances they ure iu the wost densoly and fovlornly populatea seetioas of the motropolis, Here perhaps is tho stableyard of somoe ancient historic inuyameng the sheds and outouildings of an abandoned warchouse or manufactory, in the moldy, cobwebbed pro- cints of somo habitatiow which has got iuto chancery and inevitable decay, and even in Whitechapel purliei¥; ad upon the roofs of houses at the edgo of the hugo masonry sus- tainiog some of the railways, many of which Dass out of the city above instead of through or beneath 1t, will basfound single families or little communities of. the Romany folk. Allare working 1o their. way as if for dear life to sustain life until the springtims exo- dus shall free them front'their hateful im- prisonmont; and, cdifrnrs to general bolief OF What a0y 000 Ay, sy, uone of thom are wdlo. v Following up the trailand traits of gypsies while in their London winter quarters brought mo originally among tho almost as curious costermonger fol«; and I found that there were hundreds of gypsy families own- 10g Kindred ties to ensters who sought quar- ters among this class and at once foll into their manner of work and ways. Acquaint- auce and confidence soon brought me to many of these almost, unknown gypsy and coster communities in the very heart of Lon- don. . Two of them are very intercsting and his- toric. If you were wandering about London up Holborn way and should como to aucient Furnival's 1un, you might note ihat its de- crepit back hangs over the entrauce to a aar- row lave. Thisis Leather lane. Scarcely wide enough beueath che back windows of Purnival'sion to permit the entrance of a donkoy and cart, it graduslly widens toward Theobold’s row, and to the éast and west is itself enterad by alinost numberless closes and courts. Nooasual frequenter of Hol- born would notice 1t, but the locality 1s ove of the densest in Londoa in point of "popula- tion. Among the thousauds of lowly humans living kers aro fully 500 costermongers, and in the winter time half as many gypsios. The great resort of all these folk is tbe “Leather Bottel,” a publio house within the snadowy precinct. Opinion of a London Coster. There aro many odd places and stuales ners. The former class rather pride them- solves on their utter recklessness in the matter of gambling, carousing and drinking. While they live in eptire barmony with their Romany friends and possess & certain respect for their winter compunions which permits of no trifling, it Is easy to see that from the coster standpoint of etiiics tho tawny folk are not cousidered fairly pro- gressive, They are Loo quiet. They attend closely 10 work and minimize the il effects of poverty in London, said a friendly coster, *’ow can yo'ave comfort hout o' yer neighbors, 'less yo can 'elp carry ‘em ‘ome now an® ugin “from tho ‘Leaiher Boutel'!’ Strike meo lucky ! if Hidoan't believe they'd rather hieat wittles than lick pewter! [*‘Lickin, powter,” it must be kuown, is coster for guzzling *four ale.”) Most of the gypsies 1n this locali from a balf dozen Lo & score in & roow. They possess the scantiest array of household utensils, Their native ubility to make the most of little eaables thewm to pateh up a fow seats and they sleep comfortably and cheerily packed together like berrings. Some of their sbodes are wretched beyoud description to one who 13 unable to comprehend their own gladness at gettng on at all, They work hard and long, being first at the great mar- kots and last to leave the streets, Hand- barrows are used by most of these, The mother, father and ‘tne grown sous and daughters all share inthe severe work of pushing the barrow. or cart, Many will cover twenty and thirty wiles a day in their rounds, I The little fo!ks lafk}b Home work on b kets, color leaves and| wild grasses of whioh they bave brought ina supply of material from their sunmer wanderings, and which are sold to the lowly for mantel ornaments, or whittle out skewers for meat stalls. All do something and earn something, If thore is @ loss in one day’s trade, they work the harder the next. Adlitbus keop from starva- tion, which is more §hau many who are not beatbens can do in Landen; and some even get torough the hayd, wer, foggy, sleety, bone-wringing wintar with their lives ana & few shilliugs Lo the gogd,, v live for Maw hnd Deast, A few who huddle in these congested di tricts have the reguldtion coster cart and the belpful donkey. and most curious quarters are often found for both gypsies aud donkey. Last winter, while baunting this bit of dark- est Londou [ got on very good terms with & gyvsy family who had lost their donkey car aud nearly their dookey, through fateful collision ~ with & Hammersmith 'bus, It waes early in the winter and tue loss prelly nearly « meant starvation ‘Tnere are scores of dealers o cos- ters' carts and barrows in Loudon whnere @& cart or barrow can be hired, though 8t ruinous rates, or purchased on weckly payments. At one of theso | made a first payment of 10 sbilliugs on a donkey cart in behalf of the gypsy family, became suroty for the remainder and tné iuciaent furnisted to me thereafter opon sesame to the innermost recesses of Leather lane. 1t was in one of ihese iunermost rocesses thut my gypsy friends had their habitation, and 1t 18 certaln thot s ao more curious dwell iog place au disposition of home beioug Were ever secn., About balf way frow E' T Aot o Moo 1 T , 1892 -SIXTEEN nical’s fnn to Theobold's row & nartow, dingy court, above which a steip of skv could barely be soen, wrigglea 100 foot or more to the east. To the rieht and lefi the ramshacklo yet stout old house fronts seemed pitching at each other throateningly. From the noisoms pavement to the Littia strip of 8ky it seomea as though hunareds of humans wera constantly in A state of existence on trembliog baiconies and tottering window sills. The deusity of haif-tea life behind these ravenlike beings clingiog 1o the outor walls must have veen terrible, The dark court narrowed at the end, com ing to a sudden stop azainst a black neud wall, which rose thirty or forty feet nbove the pavement as if to snut out tho desperate povertyof Leather lans from some better Inolosure. Heco at theend of this court against the aead wall my gypsy friends had practically encamped by a system of more than partial suspension. Some twenty five foot from the ground a mass of patched bits of sail cloth and blankots formed the only roof. Ingeniously braced bits of wood tlotsam aud jotsam from the markets and Thames —made three intervening story , OF floors, between tbe flapping roof and the vavement of the court, all of wnich were open to the weather and Leattor lano way, save whero rags and other seive-like blank. ots and sail cloth answored the place of cur taining. he Mibernating in City Slums, Theso stories or floors were about six feo: £quare excent the lower or pavement stor which was as long as the prowess of the gypsios conld make it against the hordes of the stifling court. An aperture had been made in the dead wall whion with a few bricks and a little mortar providod a capital chimnoy piece, The draught was perfect. There was a ¢ood deal of comfort, too, about this extraordinary fireside. The cart was ‘‘whortled,” that is, turaed bottomside up- wards for a table. A shelfliko piece of tim- ber had beea fastonnd against one side wall for a lounging bunk and benoh. A ladder ran from this along the wall to the second story where cooking uteusils and food were kept., But the most curlous of all was the niahitly disposition of the donkey, what was loft over from the day's hawking and the gypsy family itself, Immediately on ar rival, the donkey was hauled up by rope anu tackle mto a liltle cago which con stituted the the third story under the sail cloth roof. Such vegetabies as wore loft that the family did nov use wore stored on a stelf alongsido the donkey, and on retiring 10r thenicht the family, comprising eleven erown peovle and children, asconded ir. tho second story loft, and, in A mauner, fished all movable belongings up after them! *'Yes,” admivingly said old man Lovell, the head of this gypsv house, after 1 had just witnessed the sprawling donksy boisted into his cawe for bis vast and provender. “Hus J9ss bl goes hup inter hour ‘oly by night, an’ puils the 'olo hup artor hus!” T'he east end district locally calied *“T'he Miut,” where London’s ancient mint was located, is anotber favorite haunt of gypsies in winter. I'rom Lant street in the Borough to Blackfriars road are more than 100 almost impenetrable lanes and closes. The region was the former haunt and home of Jack Shephard and Johnathan Wild, and from the same locality have sprung many of the noted prize fighters of our time. Billings- gate porters, the most jaunty and rollicking of all London costermongers, and a class of gypsies who are noted for their fistic prow- ©ss, ure the solo inhabitants. Iuto this savory region one mustcome well introduce but when once known as a truoe friend of any inhabitant, progress through the quarter is attended often with even embarrassing greetings and familiaritios. Types of Gypay Class I found the gvpsies of this locality, who number perhaps iifty families, which meaus fully 500 souls, chiefly those who ply tbeir various vocations at” country fairs and all huge gatherings, such as the Derby and Lon- don holiday “outings” at Epping forest and the like. Thoy are a portion of the vast horde of least winsome but most picturesquo I glish gypsies who, casually scen, voarest represent the fakirsof our American cou: try fairs, our cireus followers and the brawling nickel-winners of such summer and seaside orts as (‘oney Island ana Nauotasket. he “Punch and Judy” shows are getting o their hands, They are veginning to ex- hibit freaks and coatrol the morry-go-rounds. All tho fruit and vut stands at fairs aro now 1n their hands; ana the cocoanut (here ealled ‘‘cockernut’’) ranges, where & nut can oc. casionally be knocked from a deceptively built tier at 8 penny *‘a shy,” one of the most popular forms of iuitiatory gamblineg sports at all fairs and outing gatherings in Englard, are all awned by these cunning gypsies, Toeir fists are as ready as their tongues, and their women folk are the most brazenly insistive and picturesquely attired fortune-tellers in all the world. But tha genuine drom rajans or gvpsios of tho road, whose vocations of today are really hororable, thriftful and distinguished by downrighit nard work and fair dealing, though still full ot genuine gypsy traits and bearine in a mild form the gypsy tmnt of dickering and dukkoring (fortune-toiling) are the gypsios who, in their onforcea win- ter London tarrying, rotain most the manner of the summer road life. I should think there could bo found from 10,000 to 20,000 of these in the suburbs of London, from No- vemboer until Murch. These are entirely ex- clusive of several thousand more who never leavo London, but travel in endless circlos about the outer edges of the great city, in- terminable Bedouins at all outing gather- ings: peas and strawberry pickers and lav- ender gatherers in the summer, hop pickers in the autumn, ana soavengers in genersi the remainder of the rear. They camp where they work, and though often reduced to abject’ wrotchednoess are & kindly and cheery set of men and women. The rosd gypsics generally rettin and occupy their vans, carts and tents. Out Southwark way, ovor in Surrev, are large corimunities, ~'Many may be found round- about fshor aud Woking. The Chelsen marshes aro anotner winter haunt; while Epping forest depths and cdges are full of them, With these summer thrift is never exchanged for wiater idlonoss. Many of the stout gypsy lads get employment in gentle- meu’s und public stables. “~Tue men haunt the Lorse markets and weekly suburban markets and buy, sell and trade norses and donkoys. Mauy of the womeu rove about the poorer distriets of the city telling for- tunes for whatoyer they can get. Thoso to old for these jaunts miud the pots, kettie and littie ones against the wandorers’ night roturn, Old meo and Iads and lassos remain ing at home are pever idle. 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