Omaha Daily Bee Newspaper, October 2, 1892, Page 17

’l'~“' ENTY WOMAN IN RUSSIA| Whers the "'Gentle Sex" Toil at the Hardest Tasks and Seem Cheerful, WOMEN VOTE IN THE VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES Labor Fifteen Hours for Fifteen Oents and Do Better Work than the Men, HORRIBLE HONEYMOON OF RUSSIAN BRIDES Daughter-in-Law's Position in the House- hiold one of 8lavery or Worsa, CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATED WOMEN the Russian Lady and De- Matter of Marital M uced Carp' Admire clares That in the Ohastity Stietins 13 —tree Thinking ot I Diumsels, Moscow. Seot. 15.—|Speeial Correspond- ence of 'Cir Brk | —The women of Russi! How stall I describe thomd They ure like no other women on the faco of the globe, und still among their mulions they bavo tvpes of ulmost overy race of woman known to man, In St Petersburg you see the fair-aired, vluc-eyed, freckled faced maidens of Finlaua walking the streots side by side with the red-hawred girls who hive been imported thither from the Cau- casus and Georgia, avd here at Moscow you sce the Tartavs, the Cossucks and whs Ar. memans mixed together with the other dif- ferent types of tho eighty provinces of this vast empire. Along the Volga you will meot auforent costumes und differeat races of women at every landing place, aud tho girls of Little Russia wear aifferent clothes and have different manuers frow those of Great Russia and South Rassia, Here in Mosco there are a vast number of gy psies, and LRus- sin: lias the harem of the Mohammedan, the polyandry of the Himalayas and all the Vifrléd combinations of civilized love und marriage. The pure Russians look upon marriage much as we 4o, aud of late years tho rolutions of the sexes among the upper classes have been @lmost s free us they aro with us, The Russian lady of toduy nas ner friends among the voung men of herac quuintance, und tholgh sho ravely goss out Vthout & chaporon she receives her callers T ner own home and her ideal marriage 13 one of love. Of lato years the laws of marriage havo been radically changed, and now females uro forbidden to wed save between the ages of 16 sud 6). Men canuot marry ualil they are 18 nor after they are 86, und divorces aro loss common in IRussia than they aro with us. The church of Russia objscts to wore than oue marriage. It has its penances for secoud aud thivd marriages, and a man who marries & fcursh time is exciuded trom the boly com- munion, ‘cw marriages are made in the upper ‘classes without the consent of the parents, and in most cuses the wowman is ex ECOND YE pected 1o bring a very respoctablo dot with ber. 1 know of un American girl who recent- 1y married s Rus<ian novle. The noble cumo 10 America and the wedding was celebruted a one of our large citics. Before it ook place, however, the groom called upon the bride’s father and asked about the setile- mient. Surprised the American Papa. “What settloment # said the old man, who bad considerable wealth, but who had not bitherto hud a daughter marry o European baron. ‘e settlement upon my wife,” was the roply. **Lon’t you intend o give her some- thing at the thoe she.s married “I had not thought of it,” roplied the old man. “Aud how much do you think she ought to havel” “Well,” suid the Russian noblo with a hemaand a haw, it seems to mo she ought 10 have at least §50,000, It would not be u bad idea If the sum was §100,000.” T don’t kuow whether the old mun objectod o fiot, but as the story 15 told here he raised the £0,000 and put the securitios for it in the bauk to his daughter's order before the marriago Lok place. ‘The Russian woman now has mors rights after marriage than she ever had before, Two hunared years ago sihe was littie more thun aslave and the husband’s horse whip always hungover the bed of the murried Pl und it was used freely. Women were then soldom seen upon the streets and Peter ine Great had a way of ricking them when be met them bere or in St. Petersburg and telling them that their place was home aud tuat they ought to be in it. The wife beat- aug of today 18 almost aitogether confiued to the peasants, and the Countess Tolstol tola e Lhet even the peasants were improviug in the treatment of their women, The poasant women have in_fact many vights of which the wowen of oher parts of the world know nothine. In tne communal systems by which the villages of Russia are governea the women stand on an equal footing with the met us rogards the distribution of property, and they have their share of the property of the villige according 10 their share in the work. According 10 Russian law the legitimato wives and daughiers of the man get only one-fourtcenth of the family - heritance, but by the law of the peasants the right of inkeritaucs comes from worlk alone, and thore is no distinetion be- tweer wives and coucubines. The busband foherits the wifc's property only when thoy bayo lived torother more thau Len years, and oiherwise It gous back to ber parents, ' Tue peasant womon take part in the village mssomblies and widows who aro the heads of Tumilies have the right to vote. There are cases in which the wholv village assembly divides the land of tho village, and & woman way be mayor of the village if she is electod s such, Equal Rights in Labor, ‘The peasant women of Russia are all hard workers, You see them everywhere in tho fields mowing and reaping, spading up the ground and rakiog the bay aud doing la facy everything that man can do. They work in #angs ol twenty or thirty, and each gang of women is ususlly directed by & wan, wi 0 ects a8 ovesseer and who Keeps them at thelr work, They gointothe fields wlmost s 5000 as they are old enough to waik and they work until they are gray-haired, Hard labor 5000 tukes the beauty out of them ana the older wowen have faces like leatner, full of wrinkles and furrowed with care. The younger girls are plump, bright-aved and, in £ome cases, pretly. | have seen fow beauti- ful women awong them, but there are few very ugly ones, The type of the Russian peasant's faco 1s thutof " the best type of a kind wother and Lho most of tne faces show strength of char- Moler und many of them are what you would call fine lookiug. Marriages awong the peasants are mude both on the grounds of convenience mnd love, The sexes ussociate 80 closely together 1o their work and 1n the villages " that they have a chance to get thorougbly acquainted with one another, BLU & £00d stroug wowan just doubles the Worklug foreo of the man who warries her without very materially increasiug bis ex pou X umong the peasauts spends much upon dress, The women wear uoth- fng but'unkerchiefs upon their heads 'wolle working in the fields ana their feet are gen- erully bare. ln the summer such shoes as they use are made of bark, woven into the dorw of slippers like basket work, and in the winter they put great heavy boots of felt Abelr feol. Neither sex wears stock- and they wrab @ collon rag arouud the aud up the sukles to aboul the misale of the nllrvlu 1% round sud round with » AR. string, Their dresses are short and they tuck them un while they are work ing. They wear hittle or no underclothes and their summer dress consists of this skirt, a chemise and u short suck, which extends only to tae waist. liven on u fote day their dresses are not very expensive anc acos A » consisting of a whito chemise cut low at the neck with long, full sleeves and drop ping down to the knees, with an apron ticd Around over tho bust, constitutes a woman's outfit. This chemise-like dress is fastoncd over the bust and under the arms ana is held by braces over the shoulders, I'ne apron 1s ticd around the waist, as well us over tho stoalders, and tho skirt reaches nearly to the feet. ' Tho dress is embroidered with a cross stiteh of red and blue, and the neck above the chemise is often covered with strings of beads K Work Fifteen Hours for Fifteen Cents, Lhoso costumes varg in differcnt parts of the country. often one womi In Littie Russia the dresses wass of ombroidery, and tho wear @ very pretty cmbroidered over their heads, and tho dresses high about the novck. 'I'ne nurses > have costumes of their own, and the Finnish girts, whouct as the wet nurses for the babios of St. Peteraburg, always have crowns upon their heads, and you can tell a BT AS faT A4S YOU ean see her. The peasunt woman knows fothing of the crown como corset and she has no idea of fashion, Tho people wear the same costumes from year to year, and the peasant dress of today is the samo as that of geuerations ago. I saw in Kuzao Mohammedan women who wore suacks over their neads with the sleeves hanging down on the shoulders und with only a crack at ihe front through which they could see as they went along the street, and the dress of these womer was almost exuctly like that of the women of Korew, 1saw other wom whoso beads and breasts wers coves #£old coins just Likethoso of the wom whom you see in the Himalaya mountains of India on tue borders of Tibet, und these Tartar women have the same brouzo faces and high checkbones that ure found in the girls of the Himalayn mountains. Thoy are of Mon- golian origin and they look more like Chin- ese thun Russians, Thoe coins which the, wedr are roal coins, and they generally re resent the dower which the woman brings into the family when she is marvied. Some of the women of Little Russia have a similar way of ornamenting themselves, and [ got a photograph of one who had a breastplate covered with gold coins and whose head was loaded down with them, Speaking of womuan's pousants, the hardest field work is doue by and they get lower wages than I Their hours are from 4 in tho morning 107 or 8 o'clock in the evening and 15 cents a day is biz wa If they receive food their wages are e »ss than this, and 0 some parts. of Russia girls get S cents a day and board thewmselves, In other regions their wages rise as high as 20 couts, and in a very few parts of the emypire they are paid cven more than this. They areus arule votter workers than the men and thev do not seewn to appreciate how badly off they are. 1 heirthem siuging in tho fields as 1 travel through the coumry aud they do not soem to towk theirlifea hard one. Taey seem to think they were mado for work and married or singlo thew lifois ono of loil almost from birth until death, “The Children of the Devil.' They marry youug and tbhe rule hero 1sa large family.” Nearly every woman you see has a baby at the breast, and Russia has perhaps more children to the population thaa any other country on the globe. Mar riages among the peasants are often av ranged by the parents und there ave frequent love matches at which the priest is not called in. Tho habits of the people are such thac ivis a wender thereis not even a greater per cont of illegitimate virths than thore are The sexes herd together liko cattle in theso little Russian huts, und young girls and un- warried men and the women und men of several tamilies will erowd together upon the ledee of the Russian stove, and theve is no such thing as single beds in a Russian village. Above the peasants is the merchaut class and the women of this class are 10 u lurge extent different from those of the nobility or ihe peasants. They do not dothe hard work of the peasants nor have they the intelligenco of their sisters of the unobility. The mer- chants of Russia form toa large exfent tho middle class and the merchants’ wives and daughters are kept outof sight. Thoy spena their time 1n drossing, smoking and “eating, and their husbauds when thov chat with their fellows about women usually speak of them as *the childien of tne devil,” and they are full of all sorts of superstitions con- cerning them, In none of the Russian churshes 1s a wo- man nermiited to go into the ivner sanctuary and if one is going out hunting itis consid- cred bad luck to meet a woman and ho had better turn back. ‘T'he daughters of these merchants are often very relizious and very superstitious. Their marringes are usually made by match- makers. and the merchunt 15 exvected to give & good dowry with his daughter when sho enters matrimony. Lonz engage.nents are not common and they seldomn last more thun two or three months, moug 1hs pessunts the girls usually weave aud embroider their own wedding gowns and they begin to gat readv for mar- riage as soon as they are old enough to sew. Awong the merchuats after a girl is engaged her frienas come in and belp her sew upon her wedding outfit and she bas sewing cir- cles and quiltiag bees in preparation for the marriage. Toese sewing circlos are held during the afternoon and after tea the bride- eroom and a few of his bachelor friends drop in and the girls and the future bride have a dance with them during the evening. Tough Time of Ruxsian Brid Russian marriages generally take placo at night and the ceremony is performed by tho priest. The bridegroom meets tue bride at the church and the pair earry lighted tapers with them to the altar. ‘The taper hat burns out first is supposed to indicate the aeath of its holds After the ceremony the bridal party walk three times around the part of the chureh where the cross is, and after the benediction they kiss the boly pictures of the church ana they kiss oach other three times during the ceromony. When the wholo ser- vice is over the bridegroom leads the brige 10 his house, where bis peasunts greet bim and woere they are blessed with broad aud salt, There is a wedding supper after this and during it the bride and bridegroom go off 1o bed. Eyery Russian man wears boots and it used o be the custom thut the bride must pull off her busband’s boots the first night of the marriage. Lo ouo of these baots before going 10 the weddiug he usually secreted u sum of gold or silver, but he did not tell bis bride in whioa boot the money was, If she ot the right boot the mouey belonged to her aod her husband bad to draw off nis own boots in the future, If sne got the wrong one he had the right to use her as a bootjuck whenever he pleased. This, however, wus & custom of tle lower classes, snd it is now more honored in the breach tuan the ob- servance, ‘I'he Russian bride, howover, hus ber hap- piost time just atthe marriage. Tao peasant wife bas, porhups, us herd o lot as any wo- mun in the world, and this is especially so during the first years of her married life, She is the slave of her husband, and, what 15 worse, she is usually the sluve of her mother- in-law, and she 15 treated as badly us the widow is 1o India. Here, whero the fumilies of three generations often live together in a but of one or two rooms, the young bride is not welcomed, and the husbaud can do httle 10 protect her. ‘Ihe oldest man of the family is boss of the housebold, and the Russian author Tikhomiroy gives & number of songs which illustraio bow the bride is received into the fumily. In Little itussia they say: work among the Who is to briug the water! The daugnter- inlaw . Who is 10 be beateni The daughter-in- law, Why is she beaten! Because she is the daughter-io-law. As s000 us she comes into the family the older members of it make war awainst ber. Says father-iu-law: ‘I'ney have brought us a bear. Says mother-in-law: They have brought us an eater of wen, 3ay the brothers-in-law : I'ley have brought us an unclean thin, Ay the auat They have broueht us @ spinuer of naught, Women of the (Ligher luss. Aud 80 the young WomAR 5pends Ler honey- e 'THE OMAHA OMAHA, | moon and 50 she lives until 10 bocomes an | | old woman and is reaay to avenge her wrongs | upon ner daughterin-law of the future. | | Think of the troubles of woman und of the | horrors of haviug to raise families and go | turough all the pains and troubles of mocner- | hood under such circumstauces, Still this is whut these peoplo do, while laborlag day after aay 1 tho tields, accomplishiog on the poorest of food tho work of able-bodied men, e women of the highor classes of Russia are amone tho best educated and most intel- | ligont women of the world, 1 mot n sweet little Russian on the Volga steamboat Mis. souri, who told me she liked philosophy bet- ter than fiction, and that the only novels sho cared for were Lnoso she could haye in her own life. She was on her way o the summer resorts 10 the Caucasus, and she bad tho same loving and lovable ways of the summer girl of America. 1 had a delightful time with until I happened to wention that marriod, and then sho forsook me for the bachelor from America who was travel ing with me. She rather thougnt 1 was going through Russia uuder faise protenses because I had not a plain gold ring on the wedding finzer. Aud she said every married gontleman iu Russia had to wear one. Suo spoke Eaglish in a sweet broken way aud tatked F'rench and German fluent Every girl, in fact, in a well-to-do famly In Russia begins to prattie in forcign lanzuages Almost as s0on as sho cuts her first teeth. Sne has three or four governesses and sho learns her Freich, German and Eug- Lish as a child. Many of the ladies of tne higher classes © have been educated in the colleges of | Burove, and, unti within a few vears ago, n womau could get a good college education in Russia. All of the female colleges but one, howover, nave beon abolished, as thn gov- ernment’ thinks thoy are tue hotbeds of nihilism and they woro closod by tho im- periul order ubout five years azo In 18724 woman's medical collogo opened at St. Potersbure and it had about 100 students, und during the ten years of its oxistenco 1t graduated 600 women doc- tors. It was - closed, howe ana though there are some women wha sull practico medicine m IRussin, tho bulk of them are permitted to o thelr work ouly assistants, and they are tolerated ouly as a experiment, Wlhen the present czar came to the throne he prohivited the practiceof med- icine by women, but they have veen allowod to practics, though their work is in reality contrary to the law, Cotleges for Girls, A large number of women are school {each- ers here in RRussia, and there are 5,000 school mistres es iu the empire. Women o o groat deal of business 1 the stores. Thay act bs nurses 1n the hospitals, and some of the largest charitable institutions in RRus- s1a are practically managed by women, ‘iereis an institution at Moscow which is known us “The Colleze of the Girls of the Nobility,” and I understand that this institu- tion bas branches in other parts of e em- pire. 1t is for tho poorer classes of tho nobles, uud the girls are taught at the ex pense of theczar, I visited the school & and I havo never seen prottier or brighter girls. After their eraduation many of them will become governosses and others will w 'Y into the schools of the country to teach. About twenty years awo some of the leading women of Russia were nihiiists, and there wre many free thinkers among the Russian ladies of today, though I have seen no short-naired women as yet. Aloxander 11, though he was liboral in other things, ¢ould not toterate the short-hairea girls, and the free-thiuking girls UNDAY MORNING, ( of his time had a costume of their own, and oue day oue of thommet him on the streot. Sne bowed to him as he passed by aud he, looking very curiously at ner, returned her salute. c next day she received asum- mons from the police, Sho was tercified,and she went 1o the sup:rinteadent, who told hor that the emperor had said ho was much dis- pleased with her aud she woula have to sign a0 agre2moent not to cut her hair in the fu- ture or go to prison. She signed tho uagroe- ment, It is gonerally supposed that these women of the upper classes of Russia are very loose in their social relations, and the story hus gono forth that every Kussian noble has a mistress in addition to his wife, and that it is not urcommon for the wifa to have her lover in addition to her husband. This is true to a certuin extoent, but not more so, 1 thiuk, thar you will find in some of the other great’ capitals of Eurcpe. There are as masy faithful wives and husbands in St. Petersburg as thero are in Loudon, and thoe fact that 2,000 wives care onough for thewr husbands to follow them into exile to we wilds of Siberia every year shows that ma vied love 15 very strong in iussia. Tne czar bimself is said to be one of the best hus- bands in the world, and the conduct of the empress is above reproach, I'RANK G, CARPENTER, CONNUBT ILITLES, A ringing speech—tho proposal, Mrs. Frank Leslie thinks that “marrying amun 1s not ulways the best plan to reform & man,” A very remarkable thing has concerning lullie's engagement.” thatf? “ficr betrothed is going her.” The girl who marries for monoy usualiy a look on her Iac ter marriage that in- dicates she is having trouble callecting ner salory. Tue wedding of Miss Shrady, daughter of the famous Dr. Shrady of New Yok, and Mr. Edward Gould will be celebratea in the late autumn, Two girls and a boy were born to Mrs, Calvio Miller of Murion, Ind., recently, 'Ihe combinea weight is seventeen pounds, and evervbody concerned 1s doivg well, Kdna—Do you believe that the throwing of old shoos after a newly-marricd counle brings them luck? Mrs. Richwidow—Indeed I do; my husband was struck by a hying shoo and died justa month after we were married, Florence Blythe, the heiress of old Tom Blytne's £4,000,000 and the heroiue of one of the most sensational law cases kuown in cent years, was married In San Francises to Fitz W. Hinckley the son of one of the part- uers iu the great Union Iron works, A pretty love story, where love stories are least expected. is revealed in the anuounco- ment of the cogagement of Miss North, the come out *What's to marry uitrate king's daughter. Miss Norih 13 young, very handsome and has heen an un- questioned success in the great world, Miss North has been rogardea so widely 1o bo the bride ultimately of certainly a duke that the announcement of her engagement to George Crocker who 1s ot only without a title, but is n Liverpool business mau, has been @ ulue davs wonder. The indvscribable mosuness of all British fortune huntine husvand was pever botter exhibited thau in tne cuse of the infamous Colonel Francis Charles Huehes-Hallett, From some arguments heard in the court of common pleas in Puiladelphia last week, it appears that one clause in the murraze set- tlement was that if Mrs, Hughes Hallott should separate from her husband without reusosiable cause during their martied Jifo | she shouid pay over to him one-third part of the income of any *presently acquired prop erty.” Why should any Awerican woman #100p to mate with & man who grossly fixes nis price in this manners ‘Tne marriage of Miss Gwendolyn Davison, daughter of Mr. ana Mrs. Charles Davison of New York, with Richard Frothinghum of Boston was celebrated in the Davisons' country iiouse at Pigeon Cove, Mass., Sep- tember 22, ‘There were many gaests present from Now York and Boston.” Miss Davison, who is very pratiy, s a granddaughter of Rov. 1. H. Chapiv of New York. Her wed- ding gown wus of 1vory satfn with ehiffon rufes. Sbe wore a tulle veil with orange tlowers, Iu the early day of England wedding rings were mado of rusbes, but in this age | even more curious miterials are somelimes | oressed into service when emergoucy de mands it. Many cases are on record where rings of brass or iron, and curtain rings and | door keys bave taken the place of tue bands of gold which nervous grooms have wislaid, One bride is said to have been married with 8 leather ring, cut from the finger of one of ber gloves. and another embarrassed couple were relieved by a suggesifon from the minister that the wedding ring be cut from visiting card. Quakers and Swiss protest- suts do not use rings at their marriage cere- monies.” ‘The Irish bave a strong objection 10 any but gold wedding rings. Io St, Kilda weddiog rings are made of worsted, ) 2 "OBER [T SMELLS T0 HIGH HEAVEN Omaha's Garbage Dump and What a Visit to it Reveals, ODORS THAT CANNOT BE DESCRIBED On the One Serapings trom the Huade Seem e amilies Live Eajoy at-High Lite antytown, use Nearly in There is probably no locality witnin swalk ing distance of Omaha about which tue aver- age citizon has loss practical knowledge than the region immediately adjoining the iater section of Jones street and the Missouri river, comumonly Kuown as tho “dump.” As a pioas. ure resort the place is not a drawing card. [t looks badly and smelis a good deal worso, 1t is as nasty as aclay bankon a rainy morning, aud s fortitied from outsiae interference by an odor in which all fout und noisome smoils are reproduced and intonsitied and whicn 1s only bearable after a long and 10timate ac- quaintance, It is tho ultimate destination of oul swelling garbage wagons which 1y be enconntered at night by the bolated trian, and the receptacie into whic is d ull the refuse uud routecness of o Busy Day at the Dump, But there aro some very curions things o be scen at the dump on its busy days, which it is tar pleasanter to read about than it is to iuspeet in person. Barly i the morning when the rising sun is just beginning totinge the turbid tideof the* i muddy " with n glow of crimson it is a scene of bustling activity. Itis at that time that tho waxons come in from their miphtly round-up of the city and deposit the twenty-four hours’ accumulation of filth and rubbish, A railrond track runs alo &£ the bank of the river and bides from view the unsightly garbage heaps beyond. 3ut the sickeuini that vises from the putrefying mass delies couceulment and on Lho impulss of the fresh morning breezs he the proximity of the dumping grounds to & distauce of several blocks. Crossing the track the observer is face to face with o spectacle which is strik- ing enoush to oceasion the query whether SUCh 4 SCenE can exist within greatcity, The dump ext fect from the tracks out into this ear)y bour it appears & lively industry Every few minutes u cart londed with gar- vuze jolts over the crossing s:uding out iu- creased volumes of feud smolls, dumps its odoriferous burden and rattles buck again after another load. Some of tho vehicles are piled igh with rubbish gathered from the the liwits of a uds perhaps 100 tho river, At alleys and back yards, old shocs, cast off clothes, brokt rrels, hoops and bits of uetting. . Others are filled with the re- fusc of the garbage burrels ond oceasionally a load of decayed fruit or meut which nas been condemned by the inspectors 18 deposited iu the common réceptucle, A Saturaatia of Smells, As the visitor passes on toward thoe end of the dump his feet sink ankle-decp in the yielding surface. Swarms of flios rise from their revolting feast and beat agaiust his face like bail. On every band are hoaps of rottenness equully offensive to the eve und the nostrils. Here isa mound of decaved vegetables that suma grocer has unwillingly charged up to profit. and loss, foul smelling cucumbers. tomatoes and melons in company with parcels of moldy. codtish und oysters thut have outlived theip usefulness. herea heap of old vags that exhalo a sour, sickening odor and again a pile of spoiled fruit so offun- sive that even tne swarming flics g1ve 1t the cold snouldcr. But in the midst of this horrid mass of pu- tretying filth dozens o persous are swarm- ing like flies, unmindfdl of the pestilential smells and searching’ industriously for a breakfast. Itis literally true thyt there are people in Omaha, and a good many of them, too, who Live upon their gleanings from tne dump. Revolting as it Iy appoar, any one who cares, to pay an early morming vdit to tho place can easily substantinte/the svatement. Ther sole subsistence consists of tho rotten rem nants which they Gsh from the garbage betore it v dumped cver the bank into the viver, Their glothes are gathored from the same source. ' Almost any niorning bo seen atiheir disgusting Lask. big, groaby, slovenly atured women paking over the hoterosencous mass of moist aud ill-smelling odds and ends in the search for something Lo eal or wear or burn, They aro dressed in faded remnants of yrarments that have been hooked out from the garbage, dricd in the sun and partially cleansed of their tilthiness. Some of them are barcfoot. Otbers’ wear on their stock- s feet a sortof sandal consis.ing of tho sole of a shoo with all the upper cut off ex- cepta slip over the toe to hold it on the foot. hese have also baea appropriated from the dump, and on one foot 15 the remnaut of o pateut leathershoe while the other 1s encased in the aiscarded footwear of a street laborer. What i Nursery is This, Some of the women arc accompanicd by children to whow the fetid atnosphere of the dump has become a second naturs und they iunale it us gratefully as the tired traveler breathes tne exuilarating ozone of the mountain top. ILis suid that yeers azo there was a res- taurant in the Lutin quarter of Puris whi ) was liverally patronized by the poverty stricken waiis of the revolution, ln one coruer there was # big scething caldron flanked oy @ row uf immense three-tined foris, Tuo luckless customer paid his sou and was then allowed 'to plunge u fork once iuto the bubbling pot. What be succeedod in withdrawing with 1t constiwited bis ain- ner. Perbupsit was a turnip, 1t might be uu 0ld shoe or an emuciated kitien, and oc- casionally a particularly fortunate’ individ- ual succéeced in inpaliag a voue with streds of more or loss palatable meat clinging 1o it. Whether this story be true or no- it has & parallel on the Omaha dump, Thore the silent workers are raking over the freshly discbarged loads aud selecting fragments whict they put carefully wway in their aprous or in baskets. A womau bends over @ disgusting beap of decayed vegetavles und oblivious of the sickeniug stench picks up half-decaved Lurnips ana potatoes und carries taem howe 1o feed to ber ehildren, Another is sorilng over a pile of moist, ill-smelling rags in search of an additiou to her ward- robe. A wagon bas just deposited a load of condemued fruit so rotten that yel- lowish streams trickle from it over the underlying layers of back yara rubbish, I exhales an odor thatis horri- ble, but swarms of bulf-naked gamins gather around wnd atfempt to seize some of the rotten orauges, Uil ariver away by the driver, A Feast for Dump Dwellers. “Now you'll see some fun,” remarks the drive ne points to unother cart which is just crossing ke track. The bordes of buz- zardhko bumanity seem to know what is comiug wud Lhey-leave their diszusting ocou- pation Lo guther aroupd the new arvival, It 15 u load of condemued meut, more or less de- cuyod. which cxbales a little the worst smell that bas veu assuilod toe nostrils of the visi- tor. But it is evigently a goZsend to the buman buzzards. No gooner has it been de- vosited on the groumnd than they scramole over it like a pack of hupgry, howling wolves. They tight like cats oyer a particularly well preserved jolut aud e strouger carries it off in triumph, while the vanquisbed turn again 1o the disgust le and seck consolu- tion among the udyité that remain, The beup 15 raked over sud over, and when nothing is left o pulisfy the greed of the —searchers they gaiber up their spoils and tile ously buck across the trucks tothe y shanties in which they live und propagste large families of children to succeed ta their revolting lifu, Travesties on Mawe, Sweet Home, It was to these trayesties upon the Ameri- a0 bowe that & Bee reporter followed them, They constitute a Litsie colony by whemselves, 1892--TWENTY PAGES They aro situated on n treiangular pioce of land 1¥iug in a bollow between Loaveaworth street and the Union Pacific tracks, aud vounded on the cast by the river. The main sewer runs through tho center of the colony and tho cavsal visi'or could that 1t had discharged its unwho!eiome con- tonts 1n the midst of tie narrow and irregu- lar alleys which scparate the rows of rough board shanties. A trip through the spor would convince the citizon who im nes that the sanitary ofticials havo no fiela for effort that thero are things within the conhnes of the Gate City of which he has uevor dreamed. As nearly as could be ed thoro are over 100 dwellings crowded togethor on this tract which is not an acre in extent, ‘1o every shanty 1s an- nexed a barnyard and so closely contiguous that tho cow can stick its head into the parlor window uud the ooze of tho barnyard seuds its pestilential oxhalations up through the cracks in the floor, I'io povulation of the colony ropresents the lowest types of the foreigo pauper elo- ment. Lhore ura representatives of a dozen Huncarians Scandinavians seem to be 1n the ma- . There are A few Bohiemians and o sprinkiing of Russians, the whole enveloped in a common garment of filth and foul odors. As a rule, the inhabitants of tho district are vagrants, They ao not pretend to work, but are content to exist upon their cullings from the refuse of the dump. A fow of the men WOrk at the smelter, put thev were never kuown to buy anything and live in the same manner as their less industrious ueighbors, resoryiug their accumulated wages o tuke bick to the old country Tho shanties re vory similar in size and construction. None of them aro larger than the Kitchen of an ordinary residence and they ure uniformly buiit of rougb, unpaiutea wras, In many of these sheds aro families of n dozen persons. They swarm with dirty chilaven of all sizes and degrees of Hithiness, who stared at the visitor as though a stran pestilence-braeding nationalities, umong which the and face was au unknown incident in Shuuty- town, Sull They Seem Healthy, But despite thew rags and unwhole- soma surroundings both tho ebildron and their elders seemed uniformly healthy. The report traversed the cutive” length and breadth of the densely populated alleys witheut seeing a sickly fuco and corpulency seemed to be the prevarling eharacteristic of the 1uhabitants, One shan'y iudicated that 1n tho midst of this unwholosome atmosphera its oceup ints had not entirely separated themselves from tho huwman aspiration toward the beautiful, The narrow windows wore screcned by frag- ments of lace curtatus which had evidently been culled frow the general storehouso by the river bank, Over the door a morning glory was twined, its rambow tinted blos- soms forming a striking contrast to 1no moist repulsive soil in which it hud taken root. It was only after considerable dificulty and several unsuccesstul attempts that tho reporter suceeeded in gaining an_entranc 1010 one of the most pretentious of the hoy ols. The frowsy looking female in charce could only speak u few woras of English and was not disposed to_oxhibit her linguistic ccomplishineuts. The floor of the b was loo-ely paved with strips of board of vavious widths and thickuess, Tho furaish- ings were extremely meager and where the baif doz n children” who were peering curi- ously in at the open door ats and slept was an enigma that defied solution, There wes not an article in the room thut could not have been scheduled as a product of the dump. A cupboard of threo rough shelves natled up in one corner held a few dishes of various doscriptions, scarcely any two of which had oriziually belonged to the same set. In another coraer a airty matiress and some blunkets seemed o con- stitute the sleepiug accommodations of tne family, aud, as the reporter aceidentally strucis’ his fool against one cornerof the mattress, it disclosed the presence of Somo animals not altogethér unkuown i civilizod ety. No Demand for Tollot Supplics, Oue thing was espacially noticeable and that was the entiro absence of any utensils for bathing purpo; Not a particle of soap uor & Wwashbasin of any description could be seen. “Dow’t you ever wash your face?’ in- quired the visitor, by way of keeping up the conversation. The woman shook her heud vuguely, 0s though the term was some- thing foreign'to ber vocaoulary. The walls and floor of the apartment were passably clean, but to the uninitiated postriis of tho visitor the exnalations of the adjacent yard, of which a moolly cow and a pix had joini possesion, and of the previously mentioned chamber furnishings were offensively ap pareut., But tho people wero evidentiy not a bit more favorably impressed with their guest than he was with their surroundings and he depurted without attempting to presume upon their hospitality by remaining to pur- tuke of their morning mesl. EDUCATI)INAL Wellesley coilege opeus with on its list, Yule has equipped a throe-story building with apparatus and furnituze for psychologi- cal investigatio “T'here are 300 students enrolled at the Har- vard anuex this year, If this rate of growth continues some day the L is likely to be big- r than the house. Tho fall term of Amherst college opened with the largest attendance for many years, the freshwan class numbering 122, the larg: est in the history of the college. The applications of studevrs for admission to the Women’s college at Bultimore have béen unequaled iu the history ot the college, and the cupicity of the two large voarding halls wiil be tuxed to their utmost, The University of Michizan will open this yvear with a lurger attendaunce than ever be- fore. 'I'he total enroliment last vear, exclu. sive of the summer students, whose names do 1oL go 1 Lue calendar, was 2,704, The new Chicago university will open its nised that A Yalo, gener atnteto und director of athletics, will have first class foot ball team organized within ten days after the term opeus. lu & certaiu Georgia school when n girl misepells 8 word the boy who spells it cor- rectly is ullowea o kiss ber. Aud the ques tivn is, Does this arrangement imorove the spelling of the boys or the girls 1u tueschool! The Teachers Anuuity and Aid tion of which reports a mewersiin of 545 on August 1, 1582, with a net capital of $34,500 invested at b per cent to 5410 per cent. This does not include the alumuie trust fund of £25,000, with $403.27 accrued iuterest, received by the association on July 9, 1592, "The annual in- come from dues und 1Lerest on investments now exceeds §1:2 000, An interesting paper has been put forth by Prof. Edward C, Pickering, directorof Har vard college observatory, nointing out th zreat udvantages of erecting a telescope ut the Harvard ovservatory n Peru. There are but very few, 1f any, of the worla's great tel atmosphere is most favorable uons. *These telescopes bavo L suys Prof. Piciering, “near the capit countries or near the uulversities inste in places where 1he meteorological conditions would permit the best results to be ob. tained."” Massachusetts pcople bave tirm faith in the Americun public schools. They have bit upon & new plan of showing their auxiety to ring ibem withiu the reach of every child inthe state in u peculwr fashion, If the chilaren caunot walk the distance botween their homes and tne nearest school buildiog the irustees have undertaken to furnish them 34 siudents Associa- Puiladelpnia has issued a circular copes located in @ choica spot, where tho rva for obs vebicles i which to drive Lo the school house | and buck Lo their homes again afier scbool hour 1n one township provision bas veen made for couveying from 140 to 300 children 10 scbool daily, the use of four two-horse wagons baviog been provided for the pur- pose. The cost of this ext miuodation 10 1he towaship referred to i 500 per uo- uum. - The laws of Olio don't permit the marri- age of first cousius, vut the laws of Ken- weiy do. and s0 when cousins in Ohlo gey foolish they just wo over the river Lo get married, Love may be blitd, but he gener. ally managus 1o got around tbe neighbortood witbhout & guide, easily imagine | A SUNDAY BEE. | BILLINGSGATE FISH MARKET In and About the Greatest Wholesale Fish Mart in the World, OLDER THAN AUTHENTIC BRITISH HISTORY Something of » its Glory and Its Fish nt ndings and O Cl Daparte Th 13 it Appear s Surr [Copyrighted, 1802,) Sont. 19.—[Correspondencs of Tie Bre,|—You can faivly smell Billings gate mavket, the greatest wholesalo fish market of London and the wiost importAct fish market in the world, long before you can seo it. 1t is not an unpleasent odor, It has a hint of the sea air in it. Tar and oakum are suggested. It carries the fancy pieasantly along past London's grim water- sido structures and the webs of spars and rigging, down the wideuing Thames and on past pretty Margate to the wide free reaches of thie North sea. In olden days, indeed not more than a quarter of a contury azo, the fishing foets sent their “catenes’ direct to the London market. Aud a pretty sight it must tuen have beeu when the buats came up here to the old Billingszate wharf just under the shadows of historic Londo. brideo the Duteh vuilt cel boats with their bulg ing pohished oaken sides, balf hidden in the river mist; punts packed with flounders, and small, closely-crowded biaskets rangod along the seatsi scores of oyster punts niled with gray masses of sand and shell; weather- banten lugzers packed with berring, cod and ling: and ail abour the wharf and swarming like flivs abeard ali manaer of closely an- chorod fishing craft, sailovs, fsheraien, cos- ters, Billiugsrate tisnwives, and fine ladios, too, engaged in chaffering and bantering of eager seliing and buying. But that day 1s past. zhitness are wone, Loxnos, "ho olden color and Hard mercantio thrift and modern methods have bauished the fine ladies who, 1n gentle “slumming” mood, mado their own purchases at Billingsgate and took back iuto choice Londou society the wondrous sayings of the Billiugsgate women whose tongues were the readiest and wick- cdost in all the world. S:eam vessels scurry about the grounds, securo the fish whero taken, and bring them to the mouth of tho hames. Heve other larger rfast sailing steam cralt are laden, and these daily bring the vast fish supply of London, landing it at the very doors of Billingsgate, much as the fish supply of New York city is sot down in the East River at the back doors of ram shackle old Fulton market, Antiquity of Billingsgate. Billingsgute market still stands just where ithas stood for centuries. How many cen- turies no man knows, Iconoclasts, without revercuce for even the antiguities of fish, say a follow by the name of Billing owned a wharf upon the same spot i Queen Bhza- beth’s reigr, and henco its name. But I have seen the preamble to an_act of parlament (in 10 and 12 of William I11.) to make Bill- ingsgate a free market for the sale of fish, in which, amoung other *‘wheraases,” is one re- citing that “Billingsgate has time out of mina been a free market for all manner of lobsters and shellfish.,” Tradition, which is good his tory when authorities difer, lends the placo its more fitting sntiquity, and insists that it owos ils origin to Belin, an uncient king of the Britons, who flourished 400 years B. C., aud who, observing an op- portunity for gain, like a true Briton, erected a gate hers through which the tish- ormen of his day, after floating upon the ‘Tnames with the tide mthe bide-bottomed curraghs, were made to pass and pay toll b fore they coula sell their fish: und lience the name Belin's gate, fiauliy corrupted to Bil- lingsgate. However this may be, Billingsgate is the oldest wharf on the Thames, and that is saying much for it on the line of ago. The warke: building and the ground 1t stands upon is owned by the Loadon municipal authorities. Its river froutage is 200 feet, and its superficial area is 4,000 square foet, afforcing sites for seventecn shops and two large public houses. It is located in the densest part of what may be termed water- side London on the north bank of the Thames, Justabove it to the west is oid London bridge; a bridge probably better knowu in the literature of fiction and travel than any other similar structure in the world. Just below it Lo the east is the new Tower bridge, in process of construction for the past six years. Immodiately adjoinine to the west, are the great Levant and Span- ish fruit markets. and on the other side, sea- ward, stands the huge Doric fronted London custom house. Tmwediatoly opposite, across the Thames on the Surrey side, is tne tremendous reach of the Surrev commercial docks, vast, grim, black and half in mist, and the Thames at this point be- tween London and Tower bridges is callea “tho Upper Pool.”” 1tis said to carry hero more floating traffic than anz other reach of water approaching it in size upon the face of the globe, North sea they ure Futile Rivalries. Owing to the dense massing of river traffic at this point and the inconcervably congested nature of the population, narrowness of streets and seeming inextricability of street traffic banking up against and bemming in Billingsgate from all directions it would al- most seem that London would have long since fouud some ore accessiblo and con- veuient depot for the disposal of her enor mous fish supply. Yet all attempts to abau- don Billingsgate or divert its trude have proven fulile. *‘Conservatism,” tradition and even superstition bulk all cfforts of this character, Dealers tell me they would go out of the busivess if they had to ve Bil- lingsgate. KFishermen would not feel cusy about their covsignments to any new market. Costers have repeatedly tcld me that their best customers among the poor of the east end would not buy oreat fish that had not the time-bonored sea! of Billingsgate inspec- tion upon it. This popular feeling undouvtedly had more thau all elso to do with two ruinous failures to locate this vast trade elsewhere in London. A great murket was cot long ago ostablished at Hungerford Stairs. Boing 100 far up the riverand too far from the dense masses of the east end it had but a orief existence. A line drawa north and south through the ceuter of London bridge vos o population of about 1,600,000 to the east, or down the river, and about 2,40¢,000 to the west. Huogerford market was too fur from the coster sellers and lowly buyers of thoe east end, who, it will ba seen. really control, ratner tuan' the well-to-do classes’ the locality of London's fish market. Ag othier powerful attempt, under tho guise o philanthropy, was made under tho patroy age of Lady Burdett-Coutts, She caused superb builaing to be erected in Kast Lon- don. ILwas undoubtedly ke most perfec and complete structure of world. It was called tne Market, and was opesied under the patron- uge of royalty itself. Butthe costers backed their carts up to old Billingsgate and chuck led, Columbia Fish Markel was closed more speedily thau that of Hungerford Stuirs, sinco which the anoient tyrant bias flourishs with greater vigor than ever. Fish Found on the ndon Market, The varieties of fish whnicn are in their re spoctive seasons dehvered at Billingsgate market number nearly 100. During this month I bave noticed perch, periwiuk.es, piike, anchovies, roach, salmon, gurnets, bad this kind in the Columuvia Fish do ks, herciogs, flounders, turbot, sprats, Juck, ling, plaico, aory, prawns, catfish inuliets, ~ whelks,' coaltish, trout, soles,’ pileharas, eels and couger eels, dog- fisn, cod, bream, brill, hake, shad, weavers, skate, smelts, whitobait, tench, sturgeon and perhaps 4 dozen otber varietics; aud the total welgnt is from 12, 000 o 18,000 tous per mouth or 150,000 tons per vear. Of this vast quantity fully two-thirds reaches Londou by railway. ~ All the tisn from krelaud are scot deross St. George's channel in fast steamers and thence by rail. Salmon aud trout ali come by rail; and much of the northern North sea yield, taken off | ©8st Scollish suores, wod even somoe of the PAGES 17 TO 20. NUMBER 105, | catches from about Yarmouth ana Sear- borough_are, for the sake of time saving, thus =~ transferred. Small-whoeled, lea lined vans aro provided by the railways. T'bese aro dragged by horses from fishing stations or quays to railway stations, wheel- ed 1nto tho railway vans, and thus brought to London without breaking bulk. On ar- rival hore they are wheeied to the street and dragged Ly horses through the streets from various stations to Billingsgate, Fuily 100, 000 tons of fish annualiy reach tho market in this mauner; and from 5 o'clock of any woek-day morning, hundreds upon hundreds of theso vans choke up every nurrow avenue of approach, waiting their turn to unload, Over threo-fourthis of all the fish consumed by Londou passes inspection at Bilingsgate, AS the market is cily property the official for this purpose, four in numbor, are ap- pointed by the couri of the Fishmongers compauy, one of the ancient but still thoroughly active guilds or trades companis of Loadon. It basa fine Fishmongers hall near London bridee, and expends many thousands vearly in proventing the sale of decaved fish, Al fish condomned by fts in. spoctors are immediately conv eyed to a wait ing barge, treatea with carvolic acid and sent to fertilizing works at Ralnbham, where after being bakod drv they are ground to powder and sold at about £3 por_ton to the strawberry and hop farmers of KKent for for- tilizing purposes. Billlngsgate Porters, The fish steamars arrive alongside tho market at all hours of the night and early mornine. At precisely 5 o'clock in the morning the market opons. lLong lines of plank aro laid from the market quay over barges and pontoons to the steamers’ decks, and every ounce of fish is brought over these in baskots and bags or porters’ hoads and backs. At the same time the railway vans ave unlonaing on tho landward side, But six can be cared for at the samo time. ‘T'he confusion and entanglement are inde- scrivablo. One who witnesses the sceno for tho first time is filled with amuzoment thav the largest and most civibizod capital in the worid will tolerate such antigusted metuods. But the porters are wonderfuily deft, alert and carry ndescrivable loads. [ have seen many laden with from 207 300 pounds weight, They will positively frisk under a barrel of herrings which weighs 200 pounds, and thore is no_question that many of thesa fellows can easily got about the mar- kot with upwards of 400 bounds properly dis- wibuted upon head and vack. These Billingsgute porters ure regarded as the strongest, quickest and most athletjo men in London. ‘Lhey live in evory respect liko the water rats of the Thames and the aristocracy of the Whitechapel district. Their ouly ambitions are 1o eat, drink, visit “penny gafls,” rat and dog fights and excel in pugilism. ' ihey big, brawny, hairy- chested fellows of upparent endloss good na- ture, out are brutes vy heredity, instinct and deepest vearning. Whatever ‘their want of character outside the market, a more domute and Jamblike set of fellows 'was never seen than they ure while on duty here. They are licensed and the strictest rogulations exist re- garding tueir conduct, even to the character of langaage. To lose their license is worse than imprisonment as a criminal, Their rov- utations among their fellows, the costers, and the east end slums are gaiued by their prowess and strengih here. It is their world, their highest, broadest outlook, and they are really curiosities insocial or litérary study. to Nurserles of Pugilism. They delight especially in oad-sounding nickuames, In my few visits to Billings I have aiready come to know and be favors avly know by “Fishy Jim,” “Cock “Black Prinee.” “Jack the Float,” “Happy Jack.” ‘“Jotnny Shoe-black,” *Jimmy Fige wers,” the latter because of his thieving pro- pensities, *“Bluse-Noso Mike,” Cross-oyed Joo" and “Iourale Jim.” “he latter is never quite at his best uuloss he has drunk six orseven quarts of ale before breakiast, ‘The oath of all theso Billingsgate porters, like that of the costers, to which class they have marked afinities, 15 “Gor bn me!” and its wickedsess is too abliorent for trausla- tion. They comprise two classes in their datly market work, those who bring the fish from the steamers into tho market, who are called “shorers,” and those who remove the fish to the stailmen’s wagons or tho costers’ carts, v/bo are called “'moboers.” 3 T'ne pugilists of Loundon cluefly have thelr origin amone the Billingszate porters. They bave their rege lar champlons at *'seven stone six,”” “eight stone six’’ and ‘“eleven stone six,” and ofticer 700, Policeman K. Wadae, in« formed me that there is nota man aniong them who has not at some time or another avpeared in a Whitechapel ring. Bill Goode, who fought Slavin, is still a licensed porter bere. Among many curious characters fs onc Cornelius Callabau, known as *Mike the Tipster,” e isa ne'er-do-well and & privileged ‘persou, He makes great os- teutation of his knowledgo of the stute of the market. Getting up at 2 o’clock in the morn- ing be proxls about tho fishiug steamers apd then just befors the market opens he ,pfiu about among the buvers and sellers and whispers *‘the tip o' the day”.in their edrs. The ha'penny is always forthcoming. On Suturday altérnoon just beforo the market is closed for the week they “have o game with Mike.” Ho regularly appears for his buffet- ing and often in the rough game that ensues poor Mike is nearly killed. Then the hat is passed und from six to ten shillings is always paia tue willing victim, Buyers and Sollers, All Billingsgato fish are sola by auction, and a veritable Bubel the place is from b to Sor9 aclook, Thero 2re two oclasses of sellers, - One comprises the regular oumml: sion men to whom the fishermen consign their catches and tho other is a thorovghly hated, but most prosperous, ciass kaowh to Billingszate from time immemorial as “bume marees.” [hose aro really middlemen who practice all possible arts to combine and force the regulur commission men, who have but u short limit of ime in which to sell, to disposo of lots at ruinous prices and through similar combination often compel retailers to purchuse at exorbitant rutos, But howevor interesting may be the in- terior of Billingsgate to the casual visitor tho adjacont taoroughfares from midnight, when the first retail buyers begin coming, until the close of the market at9 o'clock, provide far mora strange and curious pic- ures and groupings. Upper and Lower Thames street, Bastcheap and Great Tower streets, Tower till, Fish Street Hill, St Mary-av-Hill, St. Dunstac’s Hill, King Wille ium strevt, Arthur strects, cast and west, Grace court and Lovo lane are apparentl Inextricably jammed with hundreds of rail~ way fish vans, greengrocers' wagons and costers’ donkey carts and handbarrows I'here is no other placo in London where such a vast and 80 odd a jumble of vehioles and folk muv at any oue time be seen. Ovyer 4,000 vehicles for the bringing or taking away of fish are here. With them are 10,000 coster men and women and an unnamesble, indescribable host of petty street venders und hangers-on. 1f yvou can arrive here on a foggy wmorning early when the first rays of the sun are hitering through e fleecy folds of mist lappiog up with the tide along the Thames you will then know old Billingsgate s Dickons and Thackeray knew it, and will long for power and pace iu which to palos with pen or pencil one of the sirangest, oddest scenes to be found lu this mighvy {on AN don town, Enaan L. WaAKEMAN, —— The Wrong Locality, Chicago Tribune: “I come now,” ex- claimed the orator, warming to his work, "'to the parnmount issue of this campaign! On the hearts of this great people, borne on the winds that sweep over these mighty forests and plains, murmured softly by the r ppling waters of the 10,000 streams that move fn ase- less flow to the majestic ocean, inseribed in characters of living light oo the brow of every mountuin thut lifts its head to the ¢louds, are those potent words, the shibboleth of a free hen’lla, ‘No forca billl N negro domina—'" I'he chuirman of the meeting selzed the speaker’s cont tail and gave it & convulsive jerk g “'Lay!” he whispered hoarsely, “tha won’t do down here! This is Texas' We're after the nigger vote ourselves this year, you darned idjit!? e — Vests of lace shirred on daisy ribbon are wuch liked by young wowen,